[clang-tidy] Add readability-make-member-function-const

Summary:
Finds non-static member functions that can be made ``const``
because the functions don't use ``this`` in a non-const way.

The check conservatively tries to preserve logical costness in favor of
physical costness. See readability-make-member-function-const.rst for more
details.

Reviewers: aaron.ballman, gribozavr, hokein, alexfh

Subscribers: mgorny, xazax.hun, cfe-commits

Tags: #clang

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D68074
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/readability/MakeMemberFunctionConstCheck.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/readability/MakeMemberFunctionConstCheck.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aca8d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clang-tidy/readability/MakeMemberFunctionConstCheck.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+//===--- MakeMemberFunctionConstCheck.cpp - clang-tidy --------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "MakeMemberFunctionConstCheck.h"
+#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
+#include "clang/AST/RecursiveASTVisitor.h"
+#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchFinder.h"
+
+using namespace clang::ast_matchers;
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tidy {
+namespace readability {
+
+AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, isStatic) { return Node.isStatic(); }
+
+AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, hasTrivialBody) { return Node.hasTrivialBody(); }
+
+AST_MATCHER(CXXRecordDecl, hasAnyDependentBases) {
+  return Node.hasAnyDependentBases();
+}
+
+AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, isTemplate) {
+  return Node.getTemplatedKind() != FunctionDecl::TK_NonTemplate;
+}
+
+AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, isDependentContext) {
+  return Node.isDependentContext();
+}
+
+AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, isInsideMacroDefinition) {
+  const ASTContext &Ctxt = Finder->getASTContext();
+  return clang::Lexer::makeFileCharRange(
+             clang::CharSourceRange::getCharRange(
+                 Node.getTypeSourceInfo()->getTypeLoc().getSourceRange()),
+             Ctxt.getSourceManager(), Ctxt.getLangOpts())
+      .isInvalid();
+}
+
+AST_MATCHER_P(CXXMethodDecl, hasCanonicalDecl,
+              ast_matchers::internal::Matcher<CXXMethodDecl>, InnerMatcher) {
+  return InnerMatcher.matches(*Node.getCanonicalDecl(), Finder, Builder);
+}
+
+enum UsageKind { Unused, Const, NonConst };
+
+class FindUsageOfThis : public RecursiveASTVisitor<FindUsageOfThis> {
+  ASTContext &Ctxt;
+
+public:
+  FindUsageOfThis(ASTContext &Ctxt) : Ctxt(Ctxt) {}
+  UsageKind Usage = Unused;
+
+  template <class T> const T *getParent(const Expr *E) {
+    ASTContext::DynTypedNodeList Parents = Ctxt.getParents(*E);
+    if (Parents.size() != 1)
+      return nullptr;
+
+    return Parents.begin()->get<T>();
+  }
+
+  bool VisitUnresolvedMemberExpr(const UnresolvedMemberExpr *) {
+    // An UnresolvedMemberExpr might resolve to a non-const non-static
+    // member function.
+    Usage = NonConst;
+    return false; // Stop traversal.
+  }
+
+  bool VisitCXXConstCastExpr(const CXXConstCastExpr *) {
+    // Workaround to support the pattern
+    // class C {
+    //   const S *get() const;
+    //   S* get() {
+    //     return const_cast<S*>(const_cast<const C*>(this)->get());
+    //   }
+    // };
+    // Here, we don't want to make the second 'get' const even though
+    // it only calls a const member function on this.
+    Usage = NonConst;
+    return false; // Stop traversal.
+  }
+
+  // Our AST is
+  //  `-ImplicitCastExpr
+  //  (possibly `-UnaryOperator Deref)
+  //        `-CXXThisExpr 'S *' this
+  bool VisitUser(const ImplicitCastExpr *Cast) {
+    if (Cast->getCastKind() != CK_NoOp)
+      return false; // Stop traversal.
+
+    // Only allow NoOp cast to 'const S' or 'const S *'.
+    QualType QT = Cast->getType();
+    if (QT->isPointerType())
+      QT = QT->getPointeeType();
+
+    if (!QT.isConstQualified())
+      return false; // Stop traversal.
+
+    const auto *Parent = getParent<Stmt>(Cast);
+    if (!Parent)
+      return false; // Stop traversal.
+
+    if (isa<ReturnStmt>(Parent))
+      return true; // return (const S*)this;
+
+    if (isa<CallExpr>(Parent))
+      return true; // use((const S*)this);
+
+    // ((const S*)this)->Member
+    if (const auto *Member = dyn_cast<MemberExpr>(Parent))
+      return VisitUser(Member, /*OnConstObject=*/true);
+
+    return false; // Stop traversal.
+  }
+
+  // If OnConstObject is true, then this is a MemberExpr using
+  // a constant this, i.e. 'const S' or 'const S *'.
+  bool VisitUser(const MemberExpr *Member, bool OnConstObject) {
+    if (Member->isBoundMemberFunction(Ctxt)) {
+      if (!OnConstObject || Member->getFoundDecl().getAccess() != AS_public) {
+        // Non-public non-static member functions might not preserve the
+        // logical costness. E.g. in
+        // class C {
+        //   int &data() const;
+        // public:
+        //   int &get() { return data(); }
+        // };
+        // get() uses a private const method, but must not be made const
+        // itself.
+        return false; // Stop traversal.
+      }
+      // Using a public non-static const member function.
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const auto *Parent = getParent<Expr>(Member);
+
+    if (const auto *Cast = dyn_cast_or_null<ImplicitCastExpr>(Parent)) {
+      // A read access to a member is safe when the member either
+      // 1) has builtin type (a 'const int' cannot be modified),
+      // 2) or it's a public member (the pointee of a public 'int * const' can
+      // can be modified by any user of the class).
+      if (Member->getFoundDecl().getAccess() != AS_public &&
+          !Cast->getType()->isBuiltinType())
+        return false;
+
+      if (Cast->getCastKind() == CK_LValueToRValue)
+        return true;
+
+      if (Cast->getCastKind() == CK_NoOp && Cast->getType().isConstQualified())
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (const auto *M = dyn_cast_or_null<MemberExpr>(Parent))
+      return VisitUser(M, /*OnConstObject=*/false);
+
+    return false; // Stop traversal.
+  }
+
+  bool VisitCXXThisExpr(const CXXThisExpr *E) {
+    Usage = Const;
+
+    const auto *Parent = getParent<Expr>(E);
+
+    // Look through deref of this.
+    if (const auto *UnOp = dyn_cast_or_null<UnaryOperator>(Parent)) {
+      if (UnOp->getOpcode() == UO_Deref) {
+        Parent = getParent<Expr>(UnOp);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // It's okay to
+    //  return (const S*)this;
+    //  use((const S*)this);
+    //  ((const S*)this)->f()
+    // when 'f' is a public member function.
+    if (const auto *Cast = dyn_cast_or_null<ImplicitCastExpr>(Parent)) {
+      if (VisitUser(Cast))
+        return true;
+
+      // And it's also okay to
+      //   (const T)(S->t)
+      //   (LValueToRValue)(S->t)
+      // when 't' is either of builtin type or a public member.
+    } else if (const auto *Member = dyn_cast_or_null<MemberExpr>(Parent)) {
+      if (VisitUser(Member, /*OnConstObject=*/false))
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Unknown user of this.
+    Usage = NonConst;
+    return false; // Stop traversal.
+  }
+};
+
+AST_MATCHER(CXXMethodDecl, usesThisAsConst) {
+  FindUsageOfThis UsageOfThis(Finder->getASTContext());
+
+  // TraverseStmt does not modify its argument.
+  UsageOfThis.TraverseStmt(const_cast<Stmt *>(Node.getBody()));
+
+  return UsageOfThis.Usage == Const;
+}
+
+void MakeMemberFunctionConstCheck::registerMatchers(MatchFinder *Finder) {
+  if (!getLangOpts().CPlusPlus)
+    return;
+
+  Finder->addMatcher(
+      cxxMethodDecl(
+          isDefinition(), isUserProvided(),
+          unless(anyOf(
+              isExpansionInSystemHeader(), isVirtual(), isConst(), isStatic(),
+              hasTrivialBody(), cxxConstructorDecl(), cxxDestructorDecl(),
+              isTemplate(), isDependentContext(),
+              ofClass(anyOf(
+                  isLambda(),
+                  hasAnyDependentBases()) // Method might become virtual
+                                          // depending on template base class.
+                      ),
+              isInsideMacroDefinition(),
+              hasCanonicalDecl(isInsideMacroDefinition()))),
+          usesThisAsConst())
+          .bind("x"),
+      this);
+}
+
+static SourceLocation getConstInsertionPoint(const CXXMethodDecl *M) {
+  TypeSourceInfo *TSI = M->getTypeSourceInfo();
+  if (!TSI)
+    return {};
+
+  FunctionTypeLoc FTL =
+      TSI->getTypeLoc().IgnoreParens().getAs<FunctionTypeLoc>();
+  if (!FTL)
+    return {};
+
+  return FTL.getRParenLoc().getLocWithOffset(1);
+}
+
+void MakeMemberFunctionConstCheck::check(
+    const MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) {
+  const auto *Definition = Result.Nodes.getNodeAs<CXXMethodDecl>("x");
+
+  auto Declaration = Definition->getCanonicalDecl();
+
+  auto Diag = diag(Definition->getLocation(), "method %0 can be made const")
+              << Definition
+              << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(getConstInsertionPoint(Definition),
+                                            " const");
+  if (Declaration != Definition) {
+    Diag << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(getConstInsertionPoint(Declaration),
+                                       " const");
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace readability
+} // namespace tidy
+} // namespace clang