[AST] Allow limiting the scope of common AST traversals (getParents, RAV).

Summary:
The goal is to allow analyses such as clang-tidy checks to run on a
subset of the AST, e.g. "only on main-file decls" for interactive tools.

Today, these become "problematically global" by running RecursiveASTVisitors
rooted at the TUDecl, or by navigating up via ASTContext::getParent().

The scope is restricted using a set of top-level-decls that RecursiveASTVisitors
should be rooted at. This also applies to the visitor that populates the
parent map, and so the top-level-decls are considered to have no parents.

This patch makes the traversal scope a mutable property of ASTContext.
The more obvious way to do this is to pass the top-level decls to
relevant functions directly, but this has some problems:
 - it's error-prone: accidentally mixing restricted and unrestricted
   scopes is a performance trap. Interleaving multiple analyses is
   common (many clang-tidy checks run matchers or RAVs from matcher callbacks)
 - it doesn't map well to the actual use cases, where we really do want
   *all* traversals to be restricted.
 - it involves a lot of plumbing in parts of the code that don't care
   about traversals.
This approach was tried out in D54259 and D54261, I wanted to like it
but it feels pretty awful in practice.

Caveats: to get scope-limiting behavior of RecursiveASTVisitors, callers
have to call the new TraverseAST(Ctx) function instead of TraverseDecl(TU).
I think this is an improvement to the API regardless.

Reviewers: klimek, ioeric

Subscribers: mgorny, cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D54309

llvm-svn: 346847
diff --git a/clang/unittests/AST/ASTContextParentMapTest.cpp b/clang/unittests/AST/ASTContextParentMapTest.cpp
index a391896..f06f32b 100644
--- a/clang/unittests/AST/ASTContextParentMapTest.cpp
+++ b/clang/unittests/AST/ASTContextParentMapTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 #include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchers.h"
 #include "clang/Tooling/Tooling.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+
+using testing::ElementsAre;
 
 namespace clang {
 namespace ast_matchers {
@@ -78,5 +81,30 @@
           hasAncestor(cxxRecordDecl(unless(isTemplateInstantiation())))))));
 }
 
+TEST(GetParents, RespectsTraversalScope) {
+  auto AST =
+      tooling::buildASTFromCode("struct foo { int bar; };", "foo.cpp",
+                                std::make_shared<PCHContainerOperations>());
+  auto &Ctx = AST->getASTContext();
+  auto &TU = *Ctx.getTranslationUnitDecl();
+  auto &Foo = *TU.lookup(&Ctx.Idents.get("foo")).front();
+  auto &Bar = *cast<DeclContext>(Foo).lookup(&Ctx.Idents.get("bar")).front();
+
+  using ast_type_traits::DynTypedNode;
+  // Initially, scope is the whole TU.
+  EXPECT_THAT(Ctx.getParents(Bar), ElementsAre(DynTypedNode::create(Foo)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Ctx.getParents(Foo), ElementsAre(DynTypedNode::create(TU)));
+
+  // Restrict the scope, now some parents are gone.
+  Ctx.setTraversalScope({&Foo});
+  EXPECT_THAT(Ctx.getParents(Bar), ElementsAre(DynTypedNode::create(Foo)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Ctx.getParents(Foo), ElementsAre());
+
+  // Reset the scope, we get back the original results.
+  Ctx.setTraversalScope({&TU});
+  EXPECT_THAT(Ctx.getParents(Bar), ElementsAre(DynTypedNode::create(Foo)));
+  EXPECT_THAT(Ctx.getParents(Foo), ElementsAre(DynTypedNode::create(TU)));
+}
+
 } // end namespace ast_matchers
 } // end namespace clang