|  | //===-- GlobalMerge.cpp - Internal globals merging  -----------------------===// | 
|  | // | 
|  | //                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure | 
|  | // | 
|  | // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source | 
|  | // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details. | 
|  | // | 
|  | //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// | 
|  | // This pass merges globals with internal linkage into one. This way all the | 
|  | // globals which were merged into a biggest one can be addressed using offsets | 
|  | // from the same base pointer (no need for separate base pointer for each of the | 
|  | // global). Such a transformation can significantly reduce the register pressure | 
|  | // when many globals are involved. | 
|  | // | 
|  | // For example, consider the code which touches several global variables at | 
|  | // once: | 
|  | // | 
|  | // static int foo[N], bar[N], baz[N]; | 
|  | // | 
|  | // for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) { | 
|  | //    foo[i] = bar[i] * baz[i]; | 
|  | // } | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  On ARM the addresses of 3 arrays should be kept in the registers, thus | 
|  | //  this code has quite large register pressure (loop body): | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  ldr     r1, [r5], #4 | 
|  | //  ldr     r2, [r6], #4 | 
|  | //  mul     r1, r2, r1 | 
|  | //  str     r1, [r0], #4 | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  Pass converts the code to something like: | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  static struct { | 
|  | //    int foo[N]; | 
|  | //    int bar[N]; | 
|  | //    int baz[N]; | 
|  | //  } merged; | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) { | 
|  | //    merged.foo[i] = merged.bar[i] * merged.baz[i]; | 
|  | //  } | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  and in ARM code this becomes: | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  ldr     r0, [r5, #40] | 
|  | //  ldr     r1, [r5, #80] | 
|  | //  mul     r0, r1, r0 | 
|  | //  str     r0, [r5], #4 | 
|  | // | 
|  | //  note that we saved 2 registers here almostly "for free". | 
|  | // ===---------------------------------------------------------------------===// | 
|  |  | 
|  | #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/Attributes.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/Constants.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/Function.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/Intrinsics.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/IR/Module.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/Pass.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/Target/TargetLowering.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/Target/TargetLoweringObjectFile.h" | 
|  | #include "llvm/Target/TargetSubtargetInfo.h" | 
|  | using namespace llvm; | 
|  |  | 
|  | #define DEBUG_TYPE "global-merge" | 
|  |  | 
|  | static cl::opt<bool> | 
|  | EnableGlobalMerge("enable-global-merge", cl::Hidden, | 
|  | cl::desc("Enable global merge pass"), | 
|  | cl::init(true)); | 
|  |  | 
|  | static cl::opt<bool> | 
|  | EnableGlobalMergeOnConst("global-merge-on-const", cl::Hidden, | 
|  | cl::desc("Enable global merge pass on constants"), | 
|  | cl::init(false)); | 
|  |  | 
|  | // FIXME: this could be a transitional option, and we probably need to remove | 
|  | // it if only we are sure this optimization could always benefit all targets. | 
|  | static cl::opt<bool> | 
|  | EnableGlobalMergeOnExternal("global-merge-on-external", cl::Hidden, | 
|  | cl::desc("Enable global merge pass on external linkage"), | 
|  | cl::init(false)); | 
|  |  | 
|  | STATISTIC(NumMerged, "Number of globals merged"); | 
|  | namespace { | 
|  | class GlobalMerge : public FunctionPass { | 
|  | const TargetMachine *TM; | 
|  | const DataLayout *DL; | 
|  | // FIXME: Infer the maximum possible offset depending on the actual users | 
|  | // (these max offsets are different for the users inside Thumb or ARM | 
|  | // functions), see the code that passes in the offset in the ARM backend | 
|  | // for more information. | 
|  | unsigned MaxOffset; | 
|  |  | 
|  | bool doMerge(SmallVectorImpl<GlobalVariable*> &Globals, | 
|  | Module &M, bool isConst, unsigned AddrSpace) const; | 
|  |  | 
|  | /// \brief Check if the given variable has been identified as must keep | 
|  | /// \pre setMustKeepGlobalVariables must have been called on the Module that | 
|  | ///      contains GV | 
|  | bool isMustKeepGlobalVariable(const GlobalVariable *GV) const { | 
|  | return MustKeepGlobalVariables.count(GV); | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | /// Collect every variables marked as "used" or used in a landing pad | 
|  | /// instruction for this Module. | 
|  | void setMustKeepGlobalVariables(Module &M); | 
|  |  | 
|  | /// Collect every variables marked as "used" | 
|  | void collectUsedGlobalVariables(Module &M); | 
|  |  | 
|  | /// Keep track of the GlobalVariable that must not be merged away | 
|  | SmallPtrSet<const GlobalVariable *, 16> MustKeepGlobalVariables; | 
|  |  | 
|  | public: | 
|  | static char ID;             // Pass identification, replacement for typeid. | 
|  | explicit GlobalMerge(const TargetMachine *TM = nullptr, | 
|  | unsigned MaximalOffset = 0) | 
|  | : FunctionPass(ID), TM(TM), DL(TM->getDataLayout()), | 
|  | MaxOffset(MaximalOffset) { | 
|  | initializeGlobalMergePass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry()); | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | bool doInitialization(Module &M) override; | 
|  | bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override; | 
|  | bool doFinalization(Module &M) override; | 
|  |  | 
|  | const char *getPassName() const override { | 
|  | return "Merge internal globals"; | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override { | 
|  | AU.setPreservesCFG(); | 
|  | FunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU); | 
|  | } | 
|  | }; | 
|  | } // end anonymous namespace | 
|  |  | 
|  | char GlobalMerge::ID = 0; | 
|  | INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(GlobalMerge, "global-merge", "Merge global variables", | 
|  | false, false) | 
|  | INITIALIZE_PASS_END(GlobalMerge, "global-merge", "Merge global variables", | 
|  | false, false) | 
|  |  | 
|  | bool GlobalMerge::doMerge(SmallVectorImpl<GlobalVariable*> &Globals, | 
|  | Module &M, bool isConst, unsigned AddrSpace) const { | 
|  | // FIXME: Find better heuristics | 
|  | std::stable_sort(Globals.begin(), Globals.end(), | 
|  | [this](const GlobalVariable *GV1, const GlobalVariable *GV2) { | 
|  | Type *Ty1 = cast<PointerType>(GV1->getType())->getElementType(); | 
|  | Type *Ty2 = cast<PointerType>(GV2->getType())->getElementType(); | 
|  |  | 
|  | return (DL->getTypeAllocSize(Ty1) < DL->getTypeAllocSize(Ty2)); | 
|  | }); | 
|  |  | 
|  | Type *Int32Ty = Type::getInt32Ty(M.getContext()); | 
|  |  | 
|  | assert(Globals.size() > 1); | 
|  |  | 
|  | // FIXME: This simple solution merges globals all together as maximum as | 
|  | // possible. However, with this solution it would be hard to remove dead | 
|  | // global symbols at link-time. An alternative solution could be checking | 
|  | // global symbols references function by function, and make the symbols | 
|  | // being referred in the same function merged and we would probably need | 
|  | // to introduce heuristic algorithm to solve the merge conflict from | 
|  | // different functions. | 
|  | for (size_t i = 0, e = Globals.size(); i != e; ) { | 
|  | size_t j = 0; | 
|  | uint64_t MergedSize = 0; | 
|  | std::vector<Type*> Tys; | 
|  | std::vector<Constant*> Inits; | 
|  |  | 
|  | bool HasExternal = false; | 
|  | GlobalVariable *TheFirstExternal = 0; | 
|  | for (j = i; j != e; ++j) { | 
|  | Type *Ty = Globals[j]->getType()->getElementType(); | 
|  | MergedSize += DL->getTypeAllocSize(Ty); | 
|  | if (MergedSize > MaxOffset) { | 
|  | break; | 
|  | } | 
|  | Tys.push_back(Ty); | 
|  | Inits.push_back(Globals[j]->getInitializer()); | 
|  |  | 
|  | if (Globals[j]->hasExternalLinkage() && !HasExternal) { | 
|  | HasExternal = true; | 
|  | TheFirstExternal = Globals[j]; | 
|  | } | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | // If merged variables doesn't have external linkage, we needn't to expose | 
|  | // the symbol after merging. | 
|  | GlobalValue::LinkageTypes Linkage = HasExternal | 
|  | ? GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage | 
|  | : GlobalValue::InternalLinkage; | 
|  |  | 
|  | StructType *MergedTy = StructType::get(M.getContext(), Tys); | 
|  | Constant *MergedInit = ConstantStruct::get(MergedTy, Inits); | 
|  |  | 
|  | // If merged variables have external linkage, we use symbol name of the | 
|  | // first variable merged as the suffix of global symbol name. This would | 
|  | // be able to avoid the link-time naming conflict for globalm symbols. | 
|  | GlobalVariable *MergedGV = new GlobalVariable( | 
|  | M, MergedTy, isConst, Linkage, MergedInit, | 
|  | HasExternal ? "_MergedGlobals_" + TheFirstExternal->getName() | 
|  | : "_MergedGlobals", | 
|  | nullptr, GlobalVariable::NotThreadLocal, AddrSpace); | 
|  |  | 
|  | for (size_t k = i; k < j; ++k) { | 
|  | GlobalValue::LinkageTypes Linkage = Globals[k]->getLinkage(); | 
|  | std::string Name = Globals[k]->getName(); | 
|  |  | 
|  | Constant *Idx[2] = { | 
|  | ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, 0), | 
|  | ConstantInt::get(Int32Ty, k-i) | 
|  | }; | 
|  | Constant *GEP = | 
|  | ConstantExpr::getInBoundsGetElementPtr(MergedTy, MergedGV, Idx); | 
|  | Globals[k]->replaceAllUsesWith(GEP); | 
|  | Globals[k]->eraseFromParent(); | 
|  |  | 
|  | if (Linkage != GlobalValue::InternalLinkage) { | 
|  | // Generate a new alias... | 
|  | auto *PTy = cast<PointerType>(GEP->getType()); | 
|  | GlobalAlias::create(PTy->getElementType(), PTy->getAddressSpace(), | 
|  | Linkage, Name, GEP, &M); | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | NumMerged++; | 
|  | } | 
|  | i = j; | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | return true; | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | void GlobalMerge::collectUsedGlobalVariables(Module &M) { | 
|  | // Extract global variables from llvm.used array | 
|  | const GlobalVariable *GV = M.getGlobalVariable("llvm.used"); | 
|  | if (!GV || !GV->hasInitializer()) return; | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Should be an array of 'i8*'. | 
|  | const ConstantArray *InitList = cast<ConstantArray>(GV->getInitializer()); | 
|  |  | 
|  | for (unsigned i = 0, e = InitList->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) | 
|  | if (const GlobalVariable *G = | 
|  | dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(InitList->getOperand(i)->stripPointerCasts())) | 
|  | MustKeepGlobalVariables.insert(G); | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | void GlobalMerge::setMustKeepGlobalVariables(Module &M) { | 
|  | collectUsedGlobalVariables(M); | 
|  |  | 
|  | for (Module::iterator IFn = M.begin(), IEndFn = M.end(); IFn != IEndFn; | 
|  | ++IFn) { | 
|  | for (Function::iterator IBB = IFn->begin(), IEndBB = IFn->end(); | 
|  | IBB != IEndBB; ++IBB) { | 
|  | // Follow the invoke link to find the landing pad instruction | 
|  | const InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>(IBB->getTerminator()); | 
|  | if (!II) continue; | 
|  |  | 
|  | const LandingPadInst *LPInst = II->getUnwindDest()->getLandingPadInst(); | 
|  | // Look for globals in the clauses of the landing pad instruction | 
|  | for (unsigned Idx = 0, NumClauses = LPInst->getNumClauses(); | 
|  | Idx != NumClauses; ++Idx) | 
|  | if (const GlobalVariable *GV = | 
|  | dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(LPInst->getClause(Idx) | 
|  | ->stripPointerCasts())) | 
|  | MustKeepGlobalVariables.insert(GV); | 
|  | } | 
|  | } | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | bool GlobalMerge::doInitialization(Module &M) { | 
|  | if (!EnableGlobalMerge) | 
|  | return false; | 
|  |  | 
|  | DenseMap<unsigned, SmallVector<GlobalVariable*, 16> > Globals, ConstGlobals, | 
|  | BSSGlobals; | 
|  | bool Changed = false; | 
|  | setMustKeepGlobalVariables(M); | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Grab all non-const globals. | 
|  | for (Module::global_iterator I = M.global_begin(), | 
|  | E = M.global_end(); I != E; ++I) { | 
|  | // Merge is safe for "normal" internal or external globals only | 
|  | if (I->isDeclaration() || I->isThreadLocal() || I->hasSection()) | 
|  | continue; | 
|  |  | 
|  | if (!(EnableGlobalMergeOnExternal && I->hasExternalLinkage()) && | 
|  | !I->hasInternalLinkage()) | 
|  | continue; | 
|  |  | 
|  | PointerType *PT = dyn_cast<PointerType>(I->getType()); | 
|  | assert(PT && "Global variable is not a pointer!"); | 
|  |  | 
|  | unsigned AddressSpace = PT->getAddressSpace(); | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Ignore fancy-aligned globals for now. | 
|  | unsigned Alignment = DL->getPreferredAlignment(I); | 
|  | Type *Ty = I->getType()->getElementType(); | 
|  | if (Alignment > DL->getABITypeAlignment(Ty)) | 
|  | continue; | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Ignore all 'special' globals. | 
|  | if (I->getName().startswith("llvm.") || | 
|  | I->getName().startswith(".llvm.")) | 
|  | continue; | 
|  |  | 
|  | // Ignore all "required" globals: | 
|  | if (isMustKeepGlobalVariable(I)) | 
|  | continue; | 
|  |  | 
|  | if (DL->getTypeAllocSize(Ty) < MaxOffset) { | 
|  | if (TargetLoweringObjectFile::getKindForGlobal(I, *TM).isBSSLocal()) | 
|  | BSSGlobals[AddressSpace].push_back(I); | 
|  | else if (I->isConstant()) | 
|  | ConstGlobals[AddressSpace].push_back(I); | 
|  | else | 
|  | Globals[AddressSpace].push_back(I); | 
|  | } | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | for (DenseMap<unsigned, SmallVector<GlobalVariable*, 16> >::iterator | 
|  | I = Globals.begin(), E = Globals.end(); I != E; ++I) | 
|  | if (I->second.size() > 1) | 
|  | Changed |= doMerge(I->second, M, false, I->first); | 
|  |  | 
|  | for (DenseMap<unsigned, SmallVector<GlobalVariable*, 16> >::iterator | 
|  | I = BSSGlobals.begin(), E = BSSGlobals.end(); I != E; ++I) | 
|  | if (I->second.size() > 1) | 
|  | Changed |= doMerge(I->second, M, false, I->first); | 
|  |  | 
|  | if (EnableGlobalMergeOnConst) | 
|  | for (DenseMap<unsigned, SmallVector<GlobalVariable*, 16> >::iterator | 
|  | I = ConstGlobals.begin(), E = ConstGlobals.end(); I != E; ++I) | 
|  | if (I->second.size() > 1) | 
|  | Changed |= doMerge(I->second, M, true, I->first); | 
|  |  | 
|  | return Changed; | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | bool GlobalMerge::runOnFunction(Function &F) { | 
|  | return false; | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | bool GlobalMerge::doFinalization(Module &M) { | 
|  | MustKeepGlobalVariables.clear(); | 
|  | return false; | 
|  | } | 
|  |  | 
|  | Pass *llvm::createGlobalMergePass(const TargetMachine *TM, unsigned Offset) { | 
|  | return new GlobalMerge(TM, Offset); | 
|  | } |