[HotColdSplitting] Identify larger cold regions using domtree queries

The current splitting algorithm works in three stages:

  1) Identify cold blocks, then
  2) Use forward/backward propagation to mark hot blocks, then
  3) Grow a SESE region of blocks *outside* of the set of hot blocks and
  start outlining.

While testing this pass on Apple internal frameworks I noticed that some
kinds of control flow (e.g. loops) are never outlined, even though they
unconditionally lead to / follow cold blocks. I noticed two other issues
related to how cold regions are identified:

  - An inconsistency can arise in the internal state of the hotness
  propagation stage, as a block may end up in both the ColdBlocks set
  and the HotBlocks set. Further inconsistencies can arise as these sets
  do not match what's in ProfileSummaryInfo.

  - It isn't necessary to limit outlining to single-exit regions.

This patch teaches the splitting algorithm to identify maximal cold
regions and outline them. A maximal cold region is defined as the set of
blocks post-dominated by a cold sink block, or dominated by that sink
block. This approach can successfully outline loops in the cold path. As
a side benefit, it maintains less internal state than the current
approach.

Due to a limitation in CodeExtractor, blocks within the maximal cold
region which aren't dominated by a single entry point (a so-called "max
ancestor") are filtered out.

Results:
  - X86 (LNT + -Os + externals): 134KB of TEXT were outlined compared to
  47KB pre-patch, or a ~3x improvement. Did not see a performance impact
  across two runs.
  - AArch64 (LNT + -Os + externals + Apple-internal benchmarks): 149KB
  of TEXT were outlined. Ditto re: performance impact.
  - Outlining results improve marginally in the internal frameworks I
  tested.

Follow-ups:
  - Outline more than once per function, outline large single basic
  blocks, & try to remove unconditional branches in outlined functions.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D53627

llvm-svn: 345209
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/split-cold-1.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/do-not-split.ll
similarity index 71%
rename from llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/split-cold-1.ll
rename to llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/do-not-split.ll
index 1a8138f..1f62658 100644
--- a/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/split-cold-1.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/do-not-split.ll
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 ; RUN: opt -hotcoldsplit -S < %s | FileCheck %s
 ; RUN: opt -passes=hotcoldsplit -S < %s | FileCheck %s
 
-; Check that the function is not split. Outlined function is called from a
+; Check that these functions are not split. Outlined functions are called from a
 ; basic block named codeRepl.
 
+; The cold region is too small to split.
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @foo
 ; CHECK-NOT: codeRepl
 define void @foo() {
@@ -26,11 +27,9 @@
   ret void
 }
 
-; Check that the function is not split. We used to outline the full function.
-
+; Make sure we don't try to outline the entire function.
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @fun
 ; CHECK-NOT: codeRepl
-
 define void @fun() {
 entry:
   br i1 undef, label %if.then, label %if.end
@@ -41,3 +40,17 @@
 if.end:                                           ; preds = %entry
   ret void
 }
+
+; Don't outline infinite loops.
+; CHECK-LABEL: @infinite_loop
+; CHECK-NOT: codeRepl
+define void @infinite_loop() {
+entry:
+  br label %loop
+
+loop:
+  call void @sink()
+  br label %loop
+}
+
+declare void @sink() cold
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/duplicate-phi-preds-crash.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/duplicate-phi-preds-crash.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17001f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/duplicate-phi-preds-crash.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+; RUN: opt -S -hotcoldsplit < %s | FileCheck %s
+
+target datalayout = "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
+target triple = "x86_64-apple-macosx10.14.0"
+
+declare void @sideeffect(i64)
+
+declare i8* @realloc(i8* %ptr, i64 %size)
+
+declare void @free(i8* %ptr)
+
+declare void @sink() cold
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@realloc2(
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sideeffect(
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@realloc(
+; CHECK-LABEL: codeRepl:
+; CHECK-NEXT: call {{.*}}@realloc2.cold.1(i64 %size, i8* %ptr)
+; CHECK-LABEL: cleanup:
+; CHECK-NEXT: phi i8* [ null, %if.then ], [ null, %codeRepl ], [ %call, %if.end ]
+define i8* @realloc2(i8* %ptr, i64 %size) {
+entry:
+  %0 = add i64 %size, -1
+  %1 = icmp ugt i64 %0, 184549375
+  br i1 %1, label %if.then, label %if.end
+
+if.then:                                          ; preds = %entry
+  call void @sideeffect(i64 %size)
+  br label %cleanup
+
+if.end:                                           ; preds = %entry
+  %call = call i8* @realloc(i8* %ptr, i64 %size)
+  %tobool1 = icmp eq i8* %call, null
+  br i1 %tobool1, label %if.then2, label %cleanup
+
+if.then2:                                         ; preds = %if.end
+  call void @sideeffect(i64 %size)
+  call void @sink()
+  %tobool3 = icmp eq i8* %ptr, null
+  br i1 %tobool3, label %cleanup, label %if.then4
+
+if.then4:                                         ; preds = %if.then2
+  call void @free(i8* %ptr)
+  br label %cleanup
+
+cleanup:                                          ; preds = %if.end, %if.then4, %if.then2, %if.then
+  %retval.0 = phi i8* [ null, %if.then ], [ null, %if.then2 ], [ null, %if.then4 ], [ %call, %if.end ]
+  ret i8* %retval.0
+}
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@realloc2.cold.1(
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sideeffect
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sink
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@free
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/multiple-exits.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/multiple-exits.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e7cf84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/multiple-exits.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+; RUN: opt -S -hotcoldsplit < %s | FileCheck %s
+
+; Source:
+;
+; extern void sideeffect(int);
+; extern void __attribute__((cold)) sink();
+; void foo(int cond) {
+;   if (cond) { //< Start outlining here.
+;     sink();
+;     if (cond > 10)
+;       goto exit1;
+;     else
+;       goto exit2;
+;   }
+; exit1:
+;   sideeffect(1);
+;   return;
+; exit2:
+;   sideeffect(2);
+;   return;
+; }
+
+target datalayout = "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
+target triple = "x86_64-apple-macosx10.14.0"
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@foo(
+; CHECK: br i1 {{.*}}, label %exit1, label %codeRepl
+; CHECK-LABEL: codeRepl:
+; CHECK: [[targetBlock:%.*]] = call i1 @foo.cold.1(
+; CHECK-NEXT: br i1 [[targetBlock]], label %exit1, label %[[return:.*]]
+; CHECK-LABEL: exit1:
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sideeffect(i32 1)
+; CHECK: [[return]]:
+; CHECK-NEXT: ret void
+define void @foo(i32 %cond) {
+entry:
+  %tobool = icmp eq i32 %cond, 0
+  br i1 %tobool, label %exit1, label %if.then
+
+if.then:                                          ; preds = %entry
+  tail call void (...) @sink()
+  %cmp = icmp sgt i32 %cond, 10
+  br i1 %cmp, label %exit1, label %exit2
+
+exit1:                                            ; preds = %entry, %if.then
+  call void @sideeffect(i32 1)
+  br label %return
+
+exit2:                                            ; preds = %if.then
+  call void @sideeffect(i32 2)
+  br label %return
+
+return:                                           ; preds = %exit2, %exit1
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@foo.cold.1(
+; TODO: Eliminate this unnecessary unconditional branch.
+; CHECK: br
+; CHECK: [[exit1Stub:.*]]:
+; CHECK-NEXT: ret i1 true
+; CHECK: [[returnStub:.*]]:
+; CHECK-NEXT: ret i1 false
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sink
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[cmp:%.*]] = icmp
+; CHECK-NEXT: br i1 [[cmp]], label %[[exit1Stub]], label %exit2
+; CHECK-LABEL: exit2:
+; CHECK-NEXT: call {{.*}}@sideeffect(i32 2)
+; CHECK-NEXT: br label %[[returnStub]]
+
+declare void @sink(...) cold
+
+declare void @sideeffect(i32)
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/outline-if-then-else.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/outline-if-then-else.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbde765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/outline-if-then-else.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+; RUN: opt -S -hotcoldsplit < %s | FileCheck %s
+
+; Source:
+;
+; extern void sideeffect(int);
+; extern void __attribute__((cold)) sink();
+; void foo(int cond) {
+;   if (cond) { //< Start outlining here.
+;     if (cond > 10)
+;       sideeffect(0);
+;     else
+;       sideeffect(1);
+;     sink();
+;   }
+;   sideeffect(2);
+; }
+
+target datalayout = "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
+target triple = "x86_64-apple-macosx10.14.0"
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@foo(
+; CHECK: br i1 {{.*}}, label %codeRepl, label %if.end2
+; CHECK-LABEL: codeRepl:
+; CHECK-NEXT: call void @foo.cold.1
+; CHECK-LABEL: if.end2:
+; CHECK: call void @sideeffect(i32 2)
+define void @foo(i32 %cond) {
+entry:
+  %cond.addr = alloca i32
+  store i32 %cond, i32* %cond.addr
+  %0 = load i32, i32* %cond.addr
+  %tobool = icmp ne i32 %0, 0
+  br i1 %tobool, label %if.then, label %if.end2
+
+if.then:                                          ; preds = %entry
+  %1 = load i32, i32* %cond.addr
+  %cmp = icmp sgt i32 %1, 10
+  br i1 %cmp, label %if.then1, label %if.else
+
+if.then1:                                         ; preds = %if.then
+  call void @sideeffect(i32 0)
+  br label %if.end
+
+if.else:                                          ; preds = %if.then
+  call void @sideeffect(i32 1)
+  br label %if.end
+
+if.end:                                           ; preds = %if.else, %if.then1
+  call void (...) @sink()
+  ret void
+
+if.end2:                                          ; preds = %entry
+  call void @sideeffect(i32 2)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@foo.cold.1
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sideeffect
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sideeffect
+; CHECK: call {{.*}}@sink
+
+declare void @sideeffect(i32)
+
+declare void @sink(...) cold
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/outline-while-loop.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/outline-while-loop.ll
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a132bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/HotColdSplit/outline-while-loop.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+; RUN: opt -S -hotcoldsplit < %s | FileCheck %s
+
+; Source:
+;
+; extern void sideeffect(int);
+; extern void __attribute__((cold)) sink();
+; void foo(int cond) {
+;   if (cond) { //< Start outlining here.
+;     while (cond > 10) {
+;       --cond;
+;       sideeffect(0);
+;     }
+;     sink();
+;   }
+;   sideeffect(1);
+; }
+
+target datalayout = "e-m:o-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
+target triple = "x86_64-apple-macosx10.14.0"
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@foo(
+; CHECK: br i1 {{.*}}, label %if.end, label %codeRepl
+; CHECK-LABEL: codeRepl:
+; CHECK-NEXT: call void @foo.cold.1
+; CHECK-LABEL: if.end:
+; CHECK: call void @sideeffect(i32 1)
+define void @foo(i32 %cond) {
+entry:
+  %tobool = icmp eq i32 %cond, 0
+  br i1 %tobool, label %if.end, label %while.cond.preheader
+
+while.cond.preheader:                             ; preds = %entry
+  %cmp3 = icmp sgt i32 %cond, 10
+  br i1 %cmp3, label %while.body.preheader, label %while.end
+
+while.body.preheader:                             ; preds = %while.cond.preheader
+  br label %while.body
+
+while.body:                                       ; preds = %while.body.preheader, %while.body
+  %cond.addr.04 = phi i32 [ %dec, %while.body ], [ %cond, %while.body.preheader ]
+  %dec = add nsw i32 %cond.addr.04, -1
+  tail call void @sideeffect(i32 0) #3
+  %cmp = icmp sgt i32 %dec, 10
+  br i1 %cmp, label %while.body, label %while.end.loopexit
+
+while.end.loopexit:                               ; preds = %while.body
+  br label %while.end
+
+while.end:                                        ; preds = %while.end.loopexit, %while.cond.preheader
+  tail call void (...) @sink()
+  ret void
+
+if.end:                                           ; preds = %entry
+  tail call void @sideeffect(i32 1)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: define {{.*}}@foo.cold.1
+; CHECK: phi i32
+; CHECK-NEXT: add nsw i32
+; CHECK-NEXT: call {{.*}}@sideeffect
+; CHECK-NEXT: icmp
+; CHECK-NEXT: br
+
+declare void @sideeffect(i32)
+
+declare void @sink(...) cold