[LibTooling] Add Transformer, a library for source-to-source transformations.

Summary: Adds a basic version of Transformer, a library supporting the concise specification of clang-based source-to-source transformations.  A full discussion of the end goal can be found on the cfe-dev list with subject "[RFC] Easier source-to-source transformations with clang tooling".

Reviewers: ilya-biryukov

Reviewed By: ilya-biryukov

Subscribers: ioeric, ABataev, mgorny, jfb, jdoerfert, cfe-commits

Tags: #clang

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D59376

llvm-svn: 357768
diff --git a/clang/unittests/Tooling/TransformerTest.cpp b/clang/unittests/Tooling/TransformerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a25ce32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/unittests/Tooling/TransformerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+//===- unittest/Tooling/TransformerTest.cpp -------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "clang/Tooling/Refactoring/Transformer.h"
+
+#include "clang/ASTMatchers/ASTMatchers.h"
+#include "clang/Tooling/Tooling.h"
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace clang {
+namespace tooling {
+namespace {
+using ast_matchers::anyOf;
+using ast_matchers::argumentCountIs;
+using ast_matchers::callee;
+using ast_matchers::callExpr;
+using ast_matchers::cxxMemberCallExpr;
+using ast_matchers::cxxMethodDecl;
+using ast_matchers::cxxRecordDecl;
+using ast_matchers::declRefExpr;
+using ast_matchers::expr;
+using ast_matchers::functionDecl;
+using ast_matchers::hasAnyName;
+using ast_matchers::hasArgument;
+using ast_matchers::hasDeclaration;
+using ast_matchers::hasElse;
+using ast_matchers::hasName;
+using ast_matchers::hasType;
+using ast_matchers::ifStmt;
+using ast_matchers::member;
+using ast_matchers::memberExpr;
+using ast_matchers::namedDecl;
+using ast_matchers::on;
+using ast_matchers::pointsTo;
+using ast_matchers::to;
+using ast_matchers::unless;
+
+using llvm::StringRef;
+
+constexpr char KHeaderContents[] = R"cc(
+  struct string {
+    string(const char*);
+    char* c_str();
+    int size();
+  };
+  int strlen(const char*);
+
+  namespace proto {
+  struct PCFProto {
+    int foo();
+  };
+  struct ProtoCommandLineFlag : PCFProto {
+    PCFProto& GetProto();
+  };
+  }  // namespace proto
+)cc";
+
+static ast_matchers::internal::Matcher<clang::QualType>
+isOrPointsTo(const clang::ast_matchers::DeclarationMatcher &TypeMatcher) {
+  return anyOf(hasDeclaration(TypeMatcher), pointsTo(TypeMatcher));
+}
+
+static std::string format(StringRef Code) {
+  const std::vector<Range> Ranges(1, Range(0, Code.size()));
+  auto Style = format::getLLVMStyle();
+  const auto Replacements = format::reformat(Style, Code, Ranges);
+  auto Formatted = applyAllReplacements(Code, Replacements);
+  if (!Formatted) {
+    ADD_FAILURE() << "Could not format code: "
+                  << llvm::toString(Formatted.takeError());
+    return std::string();
+  }
+  return *Formatted;
+}
+
+static void compareSnippets(StringRef Expected,
+                     const llvm::Optional<std::string> &MaybeActual) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(MaybeActual) << "Rewrite failed. Expecting: " << Expected;
+  auto Actual = *MaybeActual;
+  std::string HL = "#include \"header.h\"\n";
+  auto I = Actual.find(HL);
+  if (I != std::string::npos)
+    Actual.erase(I, HL.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(format(Expected), format(Actual));
+}
+
+// FIXME: consider separating this class into its own file(s).
+class ClangRefactoringTestBase : public testing::Test {
+protected:
+  void appendToHeader(StringRef S) { FileContents[0].second += S; }
+
+  void addFile(StringRef Filename, StringRef Content) {
+    FileContents.emplace_back(Filename, Content);
+  }
+
+  llvm::Optional<std::string> rewrite(StringRef Input) {
+    std::string Code = ("#include \"header.h\"\n" + Input).str();
+    auto Factory = newFrontendActionFactory(&MatchFinder);
+    if (!runToolOnCodeWithArgs(
+            Factory->create(), Code, std::vector<std::string>(), "input.cc",
+            "clang-tool", std::make_shared<PCHContainerOperations>(),
+            FileContents)) {
+      return None;
+    }
+    auto ChangedCodeOrErr =
+        applyAtomicChanges("input.cc", Code, Changes, ApplyChangesSpec());
+    if (auto Err = ChangedCodeOrErr.takeError()) {
+      llvm::errs() << "Change failed: " << llvm::toString(std::move(Err))
+                   << "\n";
+      return None;
+    }
+    return *ChangedCodeOrErr;
+  }
+
+  void testRule(RewriteRule Rule, StringRef Input, StringRef Expected) {
+    Transformer T(std::move(Rule),
+                  [this](const AtomicChange &C) { Changes.push_back(C); });
+    T.registerMatchers(&MatchFinder);
+    compareSnippets(Expected, rewrite(Input));
+  }
+
+  clang::ast_matchers::MatchFinder MatchFinder;
+  AtomicChanges Changes;
+
+private:
+  FileContentMappings FileContents = {{"header.h", ""}};
+};
+
+class TransformerTest : public ClangRefactoringTestBase {
+protected:
+  TransformerTest() { appendToHeader(KHeaderContents); }
+};
+
+// Given string s, change strlen($s.c_str()) to $s.size().
+static RewriteRule ruleStrlenSize() {
+  StringRef StringExpr = "strexpr";
+  auto StringType = namedDecl(hasAnyName("::basic_string", "::string"));
+  return buildRule(
+             callExpr(
+                 callee(functionDecl(hasName("strlen"))),
+                 hasArgument(0, cxxMemberCallExpr(
+                                    on(expr(hasType(isOrPointsTo(StringType)))
+                                           .bind(StringExpr)),
+                                    callee(cxxMethodDecl(hasName("c_str")))))))
+      // Specify the intended type explicitly, because the matcher "type" of
+      // `callExpr()` is `Stmt`, not `Expr`.
+      .as<clang::Expr>()
+      .replaceWith("REPLACED")
+      .because("Use size() method directly on string.");
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, StrlenSize) {
+  std::string Input = "int f(string s) { return strlen(s.c_str()); }";
+  std::string Expected = "int f(string s) { return REPLACED; }";
+  testRule(ruleStrlenSize(), Input, Expected);
+}
+
+// Tests that no change is applied when a match is not expected.
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NoMatch) {
+  std::string Input = "int f(string s) { return s.size(); }";
+  testRule(ruleStrlenSize(), Input, Input);
+}
+
+// Tests that expressions in macro arguments are rewritten (when applicable).
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, StrlenSizeMacro) {
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+#define ID(e) e
+    int f(string s) { return ID(strlen(s.c_str())); })cc";
+  std::string Expected = R"cc(
+#define ID(e) e
+    int f(string s) { return ID(REPLACED); })cc";
+  testRule(ruleStrlenSize(), Input, Expected);
+}
+
+// Tests replacing an expression.
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, Flag) {
+  StringRef Flag = "flag";
+  RewriteRule Rule =
+      buildRule(
+          cxxMemberCallExpr(on(expr(hasType(cxxRecordDecl(hasName(
+                                        "proto::ProtoCommandLineFlag"))))
+                                   .bind(Flag)),
+                            unless(callee(cxxMethodDecl(hasName("GetProto"))))))
+          .change<clang::Expr>(Flag)
+          .replaceWith("EXPR")
+          .because("Use GetProto() to access proto fields.");
+
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+    proto::ProtoCommandLineFlag flag;
+    int x = flag.foo();
+    int y = flag.GetProto().foo();
+  )cc";
+  std::string Expected = R"cc(
+    proto::ProtoCommandLineFlag flag;
+    int x = EXPR.foo();
+    int y = flag.GetProto().foo();
+  )cc";
+
+  testRule(std::move(Rule), Input, Expected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NodePartNameNamedDecl) {
+  StringRef Fun = "fun";
+  RewriteRule Rule = buildRule(functionDecl(hasName("bad")).bind(Fun))
+                         .change<clang::FunctionDecl>(Fun, NodePart::Name)
+                         .replaceWith("good");
+
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+    int bad(int x);
+    int bad(int x) { return x * x; }
+  )cc";
+  std::string Expected = R"cc(
+    int good(int x);
+    int good(int x) { return x * x; }
+  )cc";
+
+  testRule(Rule, Input, Expected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NodePartNameDeclRef) {
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+    template <typename T>
+    T bad(T x) {
+      return x;
+    }
+    int neutral(int x) { return bad<int>(x) * x; }
+  )cc";
+  std::string Expected = R"cc(
+    template <typename T>
+    T bad(T x) {
+      return x;
+    }
+    int neutral(int x) { return good<int>(x) * x; }
+  )cc";
+
+  StringRef Ref = "ref";
+  testRule(buildRule(declRefExpr(to(functionDecl(hasName("bad")))).bind(Ref))
+               .change<clang::Expr>(Ref, NodePart::Name)
+               .replaceWith("good"),
+           Input, Expected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NodePartNameDeclRefFailure) {
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+    struct Y {
+      int operator*();
+    };
+    int neutral(int x) {
+      Y y;
+      int (Y::*ptr)() = &Y::operator*;
+      return *y + x;
+    }
+  )cc";
+
+  StringRef Ref = "ref";
+  testRule(buildRule(declRefExpr(to(functionDecl())).bind(Ref))
+               .change<clang::Expr>(Ref, NodePart::Name)
+               .replaceWith("good"),
+           Input, Input);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NodePartMember) {
+  StringRef E = "expr";
+  RewriteRule Rule = buildRule(memberExpr(member(hasName("bad"))).bind(E))
+                         .change<clang::Expr>(E, NodePart::Member)
+                         .replaceWith("good");
+
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+    struct S {
+      int bad;
+    };
+    int g() {
+      S s;
+      return s.bad;
+    }
+  )cc";
+  std::string Expected = R"cc(
+    struct S {
+      int bad;
+    };
+    int g() {
+      S s;
+      return s.good;
+    }
+  )cc";
+
+  testRule(Rule, Input, Expected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NodePartMemberQualified) {
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+    struct S {
+      int bad;
+      int good;
+    };
+    struct T : public S {
+      int bad;
+    };
+    int g() {
+      T t;
+      return t.S::bad;
+    }
+  )cc";
+  std::string Expected = R"cc(
+    struct S {
+      int bad;
+      int good;
+    };
+    struct T : public S {
+      int bad;
+    };
+    int g() {
+      T t;
+      return t.S::good;
+    }
+  )cc";
+
+  StringRef E = "expr";
+  testRule(buildRule(memberExpr().bind(E))
+               .change<clang::Expr>(E, NodePart::Member)
+               .replaceWith("good"),
+           Input, Expected);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NodePartMemberMultiToken) {
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+    struct Y {
+      int operator*();
+      int good();
+      template <typename T> void foo(T t);
+    };
+    int neutral(int x) {
+      Y y;
+      y.template foo<int>(3);
+      return y.operator *();
+    }
+  )cc";
+  std::string Expected = R"cc(
+    struct Y {
+      int operator*();
+      int good();
+      template <typename T> void foo(T t);
+    };
+    int neutral(int x) {
+      Y y;
+      y.template good<int>(3);
+      return y.good();
+    }
+  )cc";
+
+  StringRef MemExpr = "member";
+  testRule(buildRule(memberExpr().bind(MemExpr))
+               .change<clang::Expr>(MemExpr, NodePart::Member)
+               .replaceWith("good"),
+           Input, Expected);
+}
+
+//
+// Negative tests (where we expect no transformation to occur).
+//
+
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NoTransformationInMacro) {
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+#define MACRO(str) strlen((str).c_str())
+    int f(string s) { return MACRO(s); })cc";
+  testRule(ruleStrlenSize(), Input, Input);
+}
+
+// This test handles the corner case where a macro called within another macro
+// expands to matching code, but the matched code is an argument to the nested
+// macro.  A simple check of isMacroArgExpansion() vs. isMacroBodyExpansion()
+// will get this wrong, and transform the code. This test verifies that no such
+// transformation occurs.
+TEST_F(TransformerTest, NoTransformationInNestedMacro) {
+  std::string Input = R"cc(
+#define NESTED(e) e
+#define MACRO(str) NESTED(strlen((str).c_str()))
+    int f(string s) { return MACRO(s); })cc";
+  testRule(ruleStrlenSize(), Input, Input);
+}
+} // namespace
+} // namespace tooling
+} // namespace clang