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gerrit-public.fairphone.software / toolchain / llvm-project / 142ccc0e157e287b9b8434bf4f61b0cbc3ea1293 / . / llvm / docs / LangRef.html
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4<head>
5 <title>LLVM Assembly Language Reference Manual</title>
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7 <meta name="author" content="Chris Lattner">
8 <meta name="description"
9 content="LLVM Assembly Language Reference Manual.">
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]10 <link rel="stylesheet" href="llvm.css" type="text/css">
11</head>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]12
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]13<body>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]14
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]15<div class="doc_title"> LLVM Language Reference Manual </div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]16<ol>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]17 <li><a href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
18 <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
19 <li><a href="#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]20 <li><a href="#highlevel">High Level Structure</a>
21 <ol>
22 <li><a href="#modulestructure">Module Structure</a></li>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]23 <li><a href="#linkage">Linkage Types</a></li>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]24 <li><a href="#callingconv">Calling Conventions</a></li>
Chris Lattnerbc088212009-01-11 20:53:49 +0000[diff] [blame]25 <li><a href="#namedtypes">Named Types</a></li>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]26 <li><a href="#globalvars">Global Variables</a></li>
Chris Lattner91c15c42006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]27 <li><a href="#functionstructure">Functions</a></li>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]28 <li><a href="#aliasstructure">Aliases</a></li>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]29 <li><a href="#paramattrs">Parameter Attributes</a></li>
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]30 <li><a href="#fnattrs">Function Attributes</a></li>
Gordon Henriksen71183b62007-12-10 03:18:06 +0000[diff] [blame]31 <li><a href="#gc">Garbage Collector Names</a></li>
Chris Lattner91c15c42006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]32 <li><a href="#moduleasm">Module-Level Inline Assembly</a></li>
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]33 <li><a href="#datalayout">Data Layout</a></li>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]34 </ol>
35 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]36 <li><a href="#typesystem">Type System</a>
37 <ol>
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]38 <li><a href="#t_classifications">Type Classifications</a></li>
Robert Bocchino820bc75b2006-02-17 21:18:08 +0000[diff] [blame]39 <li><a href="#t_primitive">Primitive Types</a>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]40 <ol>
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]41 <li><a href="#t_floating">Floating Point Types</a></li>
42 <li><a href="#t_void">Void Type</a></li>
43 <li><a href="#t_label">Label Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]44 </ol>
45 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]46 <li><a href="#t_derived">Derived Types</a>
47 <ol>
Chris Lattner9a2e3cb2007-12-18 06:18:21 +0000[diff] [blame]48 <li><a href="#t_integer">Integer Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]49 <li><a href="#t_array">Array Type</a></li>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]50 <li><a href="#t_function">Function Type</a></li>
51 <li><a href="#t_pointer">Pointer Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]52 <li><a href="#t_struct">Structure Type</a></li>
Andrew Lenharth8df88e22006-12-08 17:13:00 +0000[diff] [blame]53 <li><a href="#t_pstruct">Packed Structure Type</a></li>
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]54 <li><a href="#t_vector">Vector Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]55 <li><a href="#t_opaque">Opaque Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]56 </ol>
57 </li>
58 </ol>
59 </li>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]60 <li><a href="#constants">Constants</a>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]61 <ol>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]62 <li><a href="#simpleconstants">Simple Constants</a></li>
63 <li><a href="#aggregateconstants">Aggregate Constants</a></li>
64 <li><a href="#globalconstants">Global Variable and Function Addresses</a></li>
65 <li><a href="#undefvalues">Undefined Values</a></li>
66 <li><a href="#constantexprs">Constant Expressions</a></li>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]67 </ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]68 </li>
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]69 <li><a href="#othervalues">Other Values</a>
70 <ol>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]71 <li><a href="#inlineasm">Inline Assembler Expressions</a></li>
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]72 </ol>
73 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]74 <li><a href="#instref">Instruction Reference</a>
75 <ol>
76 <li><a href="#terminators">Terminator Instructions</a>
77 <ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]78 <li><a href="#i_ret">'<tt>ret</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
79 <li><a href="#i_br">'<tt>br</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]80 <li><a href="#i_switch">'<tt>switch</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
81 <li><a href="#i_invoke">'<tt>invoke</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]82 <li><a href="#i_unwind">'<tt>unwind</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]83 <li><a href="#i_unreachable">'<tt>unreachable</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]84 </ol>
85 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]86 <li><a href="#binaryops">Binary Operations</a>
87 <ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]88 <li><a href="#i_add">'<tt>add</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
89 <li><a href="#i_sub">'<tt>sub</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
90 <li><a href="#i_mul">'<tt>mul</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]91 <li><a href="#i_udiv">'<tt>udiv</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
92 <li><a href="#i_sdiv">'<tt>sdiv</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
93 <li><a href="#i_fdiv">'<tt>fdiv</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]94 <li><a href="#i_urem">'<tt>urem</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
95 <li><a href="#i_srem">'<tt>srem</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
96 <li><a href="#i_frem">'<tt>frem</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]97 </ol>
98 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]99 <li><a href="#bitwiseops">Bitwise Binary Operations</a>
100 <ol>
Reid Spencer2ab01932007-02-02 13:57:07 +0000[diff] [blame]101 <li><a href="#i_shl">'<tt>shl</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
102 <li><a href="#i_lshr">'<tt>lshr</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
103 <li><a href="#i_ashr">'<tt>ashr</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]104 <li><a href="#i_and">'<tt>and</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]105 <li><a href="#i_or">'<tt>or</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]106 <li><a href="#i_xor">'<tt>xor</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]107 </ol>
108 </li>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]109 <li><a href="#vectorops">Vector Operations</a>
110 <ol>
111 <li><a href="#i_extractelement">'<tt>extractelement</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
112 <li><a href="#i_insertelement">'<tt>insertelement</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
113 <li><a href="#i_shufflevector">'<tt>shufflevector</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]114 </ol>
115 </li>
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]116 <li><a href="#aggregateops">Aggregate Operations</a>
117 <ol>
118 <li><a href="#i_extractvalue">'<tt>extractvalue</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
119 <li><a href="#i_insertvalue">'<tt>insertvalue</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
120 </ol>
121 </li>
Chris Lattner6ab66722006-08-15 00:45:58 +0000[diff] [blame]122 <li><a href="#memoryops">Memory Access and Addressing Operations</a>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]123 <ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]124 <li><a href="#i_malloc">'<tt>malloc</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
125 <li><a href="#i_free">'<tt>free</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
126 <li><a href="#i_alloca">'<tt>alloca</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Robert Bocchino820bc75b2006-02-17 21:18:08 +0000[diff] [blame]127 <li><a href="#i_load">'<tt>load</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
128 <li><a href="#i_store">'<tt>store</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
129 <li><a href="#i_getelementptr">'<tt>getelementptr</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]130 </ol>
131 </li>
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]132 <li><a href="#convertops">Conversion Operations</a>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]133 <ol>
134 <li><a href="#i_trunc">'<tt>trunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
135 <li><a href="#i_zext">'<tt>zext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
136 <li><a href="#i_sext">'<tt>sext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
137 <li><a href="#i_fptrunc">'<tt>fptrunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
138 <li><a href="#i_fpext">'<tt>fpext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]139 <li><a href="#i_fptoui">'<tt>fptoui .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
140 <li><a href="#i_fptosi">'<tt>fptosi .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
141 <li><a href="#i_uitofp">'<tt>uitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
142 <li><a href="#i_sitofp">'<tt>sitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]143 <li><a href="#i_ptrtoint">'<tt>ptrtoint .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
144 <li><a href="#i_inttoptr">'<tt>inttoptr .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]145 <li><a href="#i_bitcast">'<tt>bitcast .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]146 </ol>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]147 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]148 <li><a href="#otherops">Other Operations</a>
149 <ol>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]150 <li><a href="#i_icmp">'<tt>icmp</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
151 <li><a href="#i_fcmp">'<tt>fcmp</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]152 <li><a href="#i_vicmp">'<tt>vicmp</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
153 <li><a href="#i_vfcmp">'<tt>vfcmp</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]154 <li><a href="#i_phi">'<tt>phi</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]155 <li><a href="#i_select">'<tt>select</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]156 <li><a href="#i_call">'<tt>call</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner33337472006-01-13 23:26:01 +0000[diff] [blame]157 <li><a href="#i_va_arg">'<tt>va_arg</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]158 </ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]159 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]160 </ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]161 </li>
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]162 <li><a href="#intrinsics">Intrinsic Functions</a>
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]163 <ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]164 <li><a href="#int_varargs">Variable Argument Handling Intrinsics</a>
165 <ol>
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]166 <li><a href="#int_va_start">'<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
167 <li><a href="#int_va_end">'<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
168 <li><a href="#int_va_copy">'<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]169 </ol>
170 </li>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]171 <li><a href="#int_gc">Accurate Garbage Collection Intrinsics</a>
172 <ol>
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]173 <li><a href="#int_gcroot">'<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
174 <li><a href="#int_gcread">'<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
175 <li><a href="#int_gcwrite">'<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]176 </ol>
177 </li>
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]178 <li><a href="#int_codegen">Code Generator Intrinsics</a>
179 <ol>
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]180 <li><a href="#int_returnaddress">'<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
181 <li><a href="#int_frameaddress">'<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
182 <li><a href="#int_stacksave">'<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
183 <li><a href="#int_stackrestore">'<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
184 <li><a href="#int_prefetch">'<tt>llvm.prefetch</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
185 <li><a href="#int_pcmarker">'<tt>llvm.pcmarker</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
186 <li><a href="#int_readcyclecounter"><tt>llvm.readcyclecounter</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
John Criswellaa1c3c12004-04-09 16:43:20 +0000[diff] [blame]187 </ol>
188 </li>
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]189 <li><a href="#int_libc">Standard C Library Intrinsics</a>
190 <ol>
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]191 <li><a href="#int_memcpy">'<tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
192 <li><a href="#int_memmove">'<tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
193 <li><a href="#int_memset">'<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
194 <li><a href="#int_sqrt">'<tt>llvm.sqrt.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
195 <li><a href="#int_powi">'<tt>llvm.powi.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]196 <li><a href="#int_sin">'<tt>llvm.sin.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
197 <li><a href="#int_cos">'<tt>llvm.cos.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
198 <li><a href="#int_pow">'<tt>llvm.pow.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]199 </ol>
200 </li>
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]201 <li><a href="#int_manip">Bit Manipulation Intrinsics</a>
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]202 <ol>
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]203 <li><a href="#int_bswap">'<tt>llvm.bswap.*</tt>' Intrinsics</a></li>
Chris Lattnerb748c672006-01-16 22:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]204 <li><a href="#int_ctpop">'<tt>llvm.ctpop.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
205 <li><a href="#int_ctlz">'<tt>llvm.ctlz.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
206 <li><a href="#int_cttz">'<tt>llvm.cttz.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
Reid Spencer5bf54c82007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]207 <li><a href="#int_part_select">'<tt>llvm.part.select.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
208 <li><a href="#int_part_set">'<tt>llvm.part.set.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]209 </ol>
210 </li>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]211 <li><a href="#int_debugger">Debugger intrinsics</a></li>
Jim Laskey2211f492007-03-14 19:31:19 +0000[diff] [blame]212 <li><a href="#int_eh">Exception Handling intrinsics</a></li>
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]213 <li><a href="#int_trampoline">Trampoline Intrinsic</a>
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]214 <ol>
215 <li><a href="#int_it">'<tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]216 </ol>
217 </li>
Bill Wendlingf85850f2008-11-18 22:10:53 +0000[diff] [blame]218 <li><a href="#int_atomics">Atomic intrinsics</a>
219 <ol>
220 <li><a href="#int_memory_barrier"><tt>llvm.memory_barrier</tt></a></li>
221 <li><a href="#int_atomic_cmp_swap"><tt>llvm.atomic.cmp.swap</tt></a></li>
222 <li><a href="#int_atomic_swap"><tt>llvm.atomic.swap</tt></a></li>
223 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_add"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.add</tt></a></li>
224 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_sub"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.sub</tt></a></li>
225 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_and"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.and</tt></a></li>
226 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_nand"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.nand</tt></a></li>
227 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_or"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.or</tt></a></li>
228 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_xor"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.xor</tt></a></li>
229 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_max"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.max</tt></a></li>
230 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_min"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.min</tt></a></li>
231 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_umax"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.umax</tt></a></li>
232 <li><a href="#int_atomic_load_umin"><tt>llvm.atomic.load.umin</tt></a></li>
233 </ol>
234 </li>
Reid Spencer5b2cb0f2007-07-20 19:59:11 +0000[diff] [blame]235 <li><a href="#int_general">General intrinsics</a>
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]236 <ol>
Reid Spencer5b2cb0f2007-07-20 19:59:11 +0000[diff] [blame]237 <li><a href="#int_var_annotation">
Bill Wendling14313312008-11-19 05:56:17 +0000[diff] [blame]238 '<tt>llvm.var.annotation</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]239 <li><a href="#int_annotation">
Bill Wendling14313312008-11-19 05:56:17 +0000[diff] [blame]240 '<tt>llvm.annotation.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Anton Korobeynikov06cbb652008-01-15 22:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]241 <li><a href="#int_trap">
Bill Wendling14313312008-11-19 05:56:17 +0000[diff] [blame]242 '<tt>llvm.trap</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
243 <li><a href="#int_stackprotector">
244 '<tt>llvm.stackprotector</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]245 </ol>
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]246 </li>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]247 </ol>
248 </li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]249</ol>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]250
251<div class="doc_author">
252 <p>Written by <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a>
253 and <a href="mailto:vadve@cs.uiuc.edu">Vikram Adve</a></p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]254</div>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]255
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]256<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]257<div class="doc_section"> <a name="abstract">Abstract </a></div>
258<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]259
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]260<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]261<p>This document is a reference manual for the LLVM assembly language.
Bill Wendling6e03f9a2008-08-05 22:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]262LLVM is a Static Single Assignment (SSA) based representation that provides
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]263type safety, low-level operations, flexibility, and the capability of
264representing 'all' high-level languages cleanly. It is the common code
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]265representation used throughout all phases of the LLVM compilation
266strategy.</p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]267</div>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]268
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]269<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]270<div class="doc_section"> <a name="introduction">Introduction</a> </div>
271<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]272
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]273<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]274
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]275<p>The LLVM code representation is designed to be used in three
Gabor Greifa54634a2007-07-06 22:07:22 +0000[diff] [blame]276different forms: as an in-memory compiler IR, as an on-disk bitcode
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]277representation (suitable for fast loading by a Just-In-Time compiler),
278and as a human readable assembly language representation. This allows
279LLVM to provide a powerful intermediate representation for efficient
280compiler transformations and analysis, while providing a natural means
281to debug and visualize the transformations. The three different forms
282of LLVM are all equivalent. This document describes the human readable
283representation and notation.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]284
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]285<p>The LLVM representation aims to be light-weight and low-level
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]286while being expressive, typed, and extensible at the same time. It
287aims to be a "universal IR" of sorts, by being at a low enough level
288that high-level ideas may be cleanly mapped to it (similar to how
289microprocessors are "universal IR's", allowing many source languages to
290be mapped to them). By providing type information, LLVM can be used as
291the target of optimizations: for example, through pointer analysis, it
292can be proven that a C automatic variable is never accessed outside of
293the current function... allowing it to be promoted to a simple SSA
294value instead of a memory location.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]295
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]296</div>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]297
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]298<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]299<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="wellformed">Well-Formedness</a> </div>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]300
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]301<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]302
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]303<p>It is important to note that this document describes 'well formed'
304LLVM assembly language. There is a difference between what the parser
305accepts and what is considered 'well formed'. For example, the
306following instruction is syntactically okay, but not well formed:</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]307
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]308<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]309<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]310%x = <a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 1, %x
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]311</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]312</div>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]313
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]314<p>...because the definition of <tt>%x</tt> does not dominate all of
315its uses. The LLVM infrastructure provides a verification pass that may
316be used to verify that an LLVM module is well formed. This pass is
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]317automatically run by the parser after parsing input assembly and by
Gabor Greifa54634a2007-07-06 22:07:22 +0000[diff] [blame]318the optimizer before it outputs bitcode. The violations pointed out
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]319by the verifier pass indicate bugs in transformation passes or input to
320the parser.</p>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]321</div>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]322
Chris Lattner87a3dbe2007-10-03 17:34:29 +0000[diff] [blame]323<!-- Describe the typesetting conventions here. -->
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]324
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]325<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]326<div class="doc_section"> <a name="identifiers">Identifiers</a> </div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]327<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]328
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]329<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]330
Reid Spencerb23b65f2007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]331 <p>LLVM identifiers come in two basic types: global and local. Global
332 identifiers (functions, global variables) begin with the @ character. Local
333 identifiers (register names, types) begin with the % character. Additionally,
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]334 there are three different formats for identifiers, for different purposes:</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]335
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]336<ol>
Reid Spencerb23b65f2007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]337 <li>Named values are represented as a string of characters with their prefix.
338 For example, %foo, @DivisionByZero, %a.really.long.identifier. The actual
339 regular expression used is '<tt>[%@][a-zA-Z$._][a-zA-Z$._0-9]*</tt>'.
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]340 Identifiers which require other characters in their names can be surrounded
Daniel Dunbar0f8155a2008-10-14 23:51:43 +0000[diff] [blame]341 with quotes. Special characters may be escaped using "\xx" where xx is the
342 ASCII code for the character in hexadecimal. In this way, any character can
343 be used in a name value, even quotes themselves.
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]344
Reid Spencerb23b65f2007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]345 <li>Unnamed values are represented as an unsigned numeric value with their
346 prefix. For example, %12, @2, %44.</li>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]347
Reid Spencer8f08d802004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]348 <li>Constants, which are described in a <a href="#constants">section about
349 constants</a>, below.</li>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]350</ol>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]351
Reid Spencerb23b65f2007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]352<p>LLVM requires that values start with a prefix for two reasons: Compilers
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]353don't need to worry about name clashes with reserved words, and the set of
354reserved words may be expanded in the future without penalty. Additionally,
355unnamed identifiers allow a compiler to quickly come up with a temporary
356variable without having to avoid symbol table conflicts.</p>
357
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]358<p>Reserved words in LLVM are very similar to reserved words in other
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]359languages. There are keywords for different opcodes
360('<tt><a href="#i_add">add</a></tt>',
361 '<tt><a href="#i_bitcast">bitcast</a></tt>',
362 '<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>', etc...), for primitive type names ('<tt><a
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]363href="#t_void">void</a></tt>', '<tt><a href="#t_primitive">i32</a></tt>', etc...),
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]364and others. These reserved words cannot conflict with variable names, because
Reid Spencerb23b65f2007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]365none of them start with a prefix character ('%' or '@').</p>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]366
367<p>Here is an example of LLVM code to multiply the integer variable
368'<tt>%X</tt>' by 8:</p>
369
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]370<p>The easy way:</p>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]371
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]372<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]373<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]374%result = <a href="#i_mul">mul</a> i32 %X, 8
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]375</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]376</div>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]377
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]378<p>After strength reduction:</p>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]379
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]380<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]381<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]382%result = <a href="#i_shl">shl</a> i32 %X, i8 3
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]383</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]384</div>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]385
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]386<p>And the hard way:</p>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]387
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]388<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]389<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]390<a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 %X, %X <i>; yields {i32}:%0</i>
391<a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 %0, %0 <i>; yields {i32}:%1</i>
392%result = <a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 %1, %1
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]393</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]394</div>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]395
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]396<p>This last way of multiplying <tt>%X</tt> by 8 illustrates several
397important lexical features of LLVM:</p>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]398
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]399<ol>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]400
401 <li>Comments are delimited with a '<tt>;</tt>' and go until the end of
402 line.</li>
403
404 <li>Unnamed temporaries are created when the result of a computation is not
405 assigned to a named value.</li>
406
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]407 <li>Unnamed temporaries are numbered sequentially</li>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]408
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]409</ol>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]410
John Criswell02fdc6f2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]411<p>...and it also shows a convention that we follow in this document. When
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]412demonstrating instructions, we will follow an instruction with a comment that
413defines the type and name of value produced. Comments are shown in italic
414text.</p>
415
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]416</div>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]417
418<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
419<div class="doc_section"> <a name="highlevel">High Level Structure</a> </div>
420<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
421
422<!-- ======================================================================= -->
423<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="modulestructure">Module Structure</a>
424</div>
425
426<div class="doc_text">
427
428<p>LLVM programs are composed of "Module"s, each of which is a
429translation unit of the input programs. Each module consists of
430functions, global variables, and symbol table entries. Modules may be
431combined together with the LLVM linker, which merges function (and
432global variable) definitions, resolves forward declarations, and merges
433symbol table entries. Here is an example of the "hello world" module:</p>
434
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]435<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]436<pre><i>; Declare the string constant as a global constant...</i>
Chris Lattner2b0bf4f2007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]437<a href="#identifiers">@.LC0</a> = <a href="#linkage_internal">internal</a> <a
438 href="#globalvars">constant</a> <a href="#t_array">[13 x i8]</a> c"hello world\0A\00" <i>; [13 x i8]*</i>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]439
440<i>; External declaration of the puts function</i>
Chris Lattner2b0bf4f2007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]441<a href="#functionstructure">declare</a> i32 @puts(i8 *) <i>; i32(i8 *)* </i>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]442
443<i>; Definition of main function</i>
Chris Lattner2b0bf4f2007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]444define i32 @main() { <i>; i32()* </i>
Dan Gohman623806e2009-01-04 23:44:43 +0000[diff] [blame]445 <i>; Convert [13 x i8]* to i8 *...</i>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]446 %cast210 = <a
Dan Gohman623806e2009-01-04 23:44:43 +0000[diff] [blame]447 href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a> [13 x i8]* @.LC0, i64 0, i64 0 <i>; i8 *</i>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]448
449 <i>; Call puts function to write out the string to stdout...</i>
450 <a
Chris Lattner2b0bf4f2007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]451 href="#i_call">call</a> i32 @puts(i8 * %cast210) <i>; i32</i>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]452 <a
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]453 href="#i_ret">ret</a> i32 0<br>}<br>
454</pre>
455</div>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]456
457<p>This example is made up of a <a href="#globalvars">global variable</a>
458named "<tt>.LC0</tt>", an external declaration of the "<tt>puts</tt>"
459function, and a <a href="#functionstructure">function definition</a>
460for "<tt>main</tt>".</p>
461
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]462<p>In general, a module is made up of a list of global values,
463where both functions and global variables are global values. Global values are
464represented by a pointer to a memory location (in this case, a pointer to an
465array of char, and a pointer to a function), and have one of the following <a
466href="#linkage">linkage types</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]467
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]468</div>
469
470<!-- ======================================================================= -->
471<div class="doc_subsection">
472 <a name="linkage">Linkage Types</a>
473</div>
474
475<div class="doc_text">
476
477<p>
478All Global Variables and Functions have one of the following types of linkage:
479</p>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]480
481<dl>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]482
Rafael Espindola6de96a12009-01-15 20:18:42 +0000[diff] [blame]483 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_private">private</a></b></tt>: </dt>
484
485 <dd>Global values with private linkage are only directly accessible by
486 objects in the current module. In particular, linking code into a module with
487 an private global value may cause the private to be renamed as necessary to
488 avoid collisions. Because the symbol is private to the module, all
489 references can be updated. This doesn't show up in any symbol table in the
490 object file.
491 </dd>
492
Dale Johannesen4188aad2008-05-23 23:13:41 +0000[diff] [blame]493 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_internal">internal</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]494
Duncan Sands35e43c12009-01-16 09:29:46 +0000[diff] [blame]495 <dd> Similar to private, but the value shows as a local symbol (STB_LOCAL in
Rafael Espindola6de96a12009-01-15 20:18:42 +0000[diff] [blame]496 the case of ELF) in the object file. This corresponds to the notion of the
Chris Lattnere20b4702007-01-14 06:51:48 +0000[diff] [blame]497 '<tt>static</tt>' keyword in C.
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]498 </dd>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]499
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]500 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_linkonce">linkonce</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]501
Chris Lattnere20b4702007-01-14 06:51:48 +0000[diff] [blame]502 <dd>Globals with "<tt>linkonce</tt>" linkage are merged with other globals of
503 the same name when linkage occurs. This is typically used to implement
504 inline functions, templates, or other code which must be generated in each
505 translation unit that uses it. Unreferenced <tt>linkonce</tt> globals are
506 allowed to be discarded.
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]507 </dd>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]508
Dale Johannesen4188aad2008-05-23 23:13:41 +0000[diff] [blame]509 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_common">common</a></b></tt>: </dt>
510
511 <dd>"<tt>common</tt>" linkage is exactly the same as <tt>linkonce</tt>
512 linkage, except that unreferenced <tt>common</tt> globals may not be
513 discarded. This is used for globals that may be emitted in multiple
514 translation units, but that are not guaranteed to be emitted into every
515 translation unit that uses them. One example of this is tentative
516 definitions in C, such as "<tt>int X;</tt>" at global scope.
517 </dd>
518
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]519 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_weak">weak</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]520
Dale Johannesen4188aad2008-05-23 23:13:41 +0000[diff] [blame]521 <dd>"<tt>weak</tt>" linkage is the same as <tt>common</tt> linkage, except
522 that some targets may choose to emit different assembly sequences for them
523 for target-dependent reasons. This is used for globals that are declared
524 "weak" in C source code.
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]525 </dd>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]526
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]527 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_appending">appending</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]528
529 <dd>"<tt>appending</tt>" linkage may only be applied to global variables of
530 pointer to array type. When two global variables with appending linkage are
531 linked together, the two global arrays are appended together. This is the
532 LLVM, typesafe, equivalent of having the system linker append together
533 "sections" with identical names when .o files are linked.
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]534 </dd>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]535
Anton Korobeynikova0554d92007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]536 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_externweak">extern_weak</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]537 <dd>The semantics of this linkage follow the ELF object file model: the
538 symbol is weak until linked, if not linked, the symbol becomes null instead
539 of being an undefined reference.
Anton Korobeynikova0554d92007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]540 </dd>
Anton Korobeynikova0554d92007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]541
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]542 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_external">externally visible</a></b></tt>:</dt>
Chris Lattnerd79749a2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]543
544 <dd>If none of the above identifiers are used, the global is externally
545 visible, meaning that it participates in linkage and can be used to resolve
546 external symbol references.
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]547 </dd>
Reid Spencer7972c472007-04-11 23:49:50 +0000[diff] [blame]548</dl>
Anton Korobeynikovd61d39e2006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]549
Anton Korobeynikovd61d39e2006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]550 <p>
551 The next two types of linkage are targeted for Microsoft Windows platform
552 only. They are designed to support importing (exporting) symbols from (to)
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]553 DLLs (Dynamic Link Libraries).
Anton Korobeynikovd61d39e2006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]554 </p>
555
Anton Korobeynikova0554d92007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]556 <dl>
Anton Korobeynikovd61d39e2006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]557 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_dllimport">dllimport</a></b></tt>: </dt>
558
559 <dd>"<tt>dllimport</tt>" linkage causes the compiler to reference a function
560 or variable via a global pointer to a pointer that is set up by the DLL
561 exporting the symbol. On Microsoft Windows targets, the pointer name is
Dan Gohman33a9cef2009-01-12 21:35:55 +0000[diff] [blame]562 formed by combining <code>__imp_</code> and the function or variable name.
Anton Korobeynikovd61d39e2006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]563 </dd>
564
565 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_dllexport">dllexport</a></b></tt>: </dt>
566
567 <dd>"<tt>dllexport</tt>" linkage causes the compiler to provide a global
568 pointer to a pointer in a DLL, so that it can be referenced with the
569 <tt>dllimport</tt> attribute. On Microsoft Windows targets, the pointer
Dan Gohman33a9cef2009-01-12 21:35:55 +0000[diff] [blame]570 name is formed by combining <code>__imp_</code> and the function or variable
Anton Korobeynikovd61d39e2006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]571 name.
572 </dd>
573
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]574</dl>
575
Dan Gohman8ef44982008-11-24 17:18:39 +0000[diff] [blame]576<p>For example, since the "<tt>.LC0</tt>"
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]577variable is defined to be internal, if another module defined a "<tt>.LC0</tt>"
578variable and was linked with this one, one of the two would be renamed,
579preventing a collision. Since "<tt>main</tt>" and "<tt>puts</tt>" are
580external (i.e., lacking any linkage declarations), they are accessible
Reid Spencer92c671e2007-01-05 00:59:10 +0000[diff] [blame]581outside of the current module.</p>
582<p>It is illegal for a function <i>declaration</i>
583to have any linkage type other than "externally visible", <tt>dllimport</tt>,
Anton Korobeynikova0554d92007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]584or <tt>extern_weak</tt>.</p>
Anton Korobeynikova97b6942007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]585<p>Aliases can have only <tt>external</tt>, <tt>internal</tt> and <tt>weak</tt>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]586linkages.</p>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]587</div>
588
589<!-- ======================================================================= -->
590<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]591 <a name="callingconv">Calling Conventions</a>
592</div>
593
594<div class="doc_text">
595
596<p>LLVM <a href="#functionstructure">functions</a>, <a href="#i_call">calls</a>
597and <a href="#i_invoke">invokes</a> can all have an optional calling convention
598specified for the call. The calling convention of any pair of dynamic
599caller/callee must match, or the behavior of the program is undefined. The
600following calling conventions are supported by LLVM, and more may be added in
601the future:</p>
602
603<dl>
604 <dt><b>"<tt>ccc</tt>" - The C calling convention</b>:</dt>
605
606 <dd>This calling convention (the default if no other calling convention is
607 specified) matches the target C calling conventions. This calling convention
John Criswell02fdc6f2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]608 supports varargs function calls and tolerates some mismatch in the declared
Reid Spencer72ba4992006-12-31 21:30:18 +0000[diff] [blame]609 prototype and implemented declaration of the function (as does normal C).
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]610 </dd>
611
612 <dt><b>"<tt>fastcc</tt>" - The fast calling convention</b>:</dt>
613
614 <dd>This calling convention attempts to make calls as fast as possible
615 (e.g. by passing things in registers). This calling convention allows the
616 target to use whatever tricks it wants to produce fast code for the target,
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]617 without having to conform to an externally specified ABI (Application Binary
618 Interface). Implementations of this convention should allow arbitrary
Arnold Schwaighofer2c6b8882008-05-14 09:17:12 +0000[diff] [blame]619 <a href="CodeGenerator.html#tailcallopt">tail call optimization</a> to be
620 supported. This calling convention does not support varargs and requires the
621 prototype of all callees to exactly match the prototype of the function
622 definition.
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]623 </dd>
624
625 <dt><b>"<tt>coldcc</tt>" - The cold calling convention</b>:</dt>
626
627 <dd>This calling convention attempts to make code in the caller as efficient
628 as possible under the assumption that the call is not commonly executed. As
629 such, these calls often preserve all registers so that the call does not break
630 any live ranges in the caller side. This calling convention does not support
631 varargs and requires the prototype of all callees to exactly match the
632 prototype of the function definition.
633 </dd>
634
Chris Lattner573f64e2005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]635 <dt><b>"<tt>cc &lt;<em>n</em>&gt;</tt>" - Numbered convention</b>:</dt>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]636
637 <dd>Any calling convention may be specified by number, allowing
638 target-specific calling conventions to be used. Target specific calling
639 conventions start at 64.
640 </dd>
Chris Lattner573f64e2005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]641</dl>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]642
643<p>More calling conventions can be added/defined on an as-needed basis, to
644support pascal conventions or any other well-known target-independent
645convention.</p>
646
647</div>
648
649<!-- ======================================================================= -->
650<div class="doc_subsection">
Anton Korobeynikovc7f9f3d2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]651 <a name="visibility">Visibility Styles</a>
652</div>
653
654<div class="doc_text">
655
656<p>
657All Global Variables and Functions have one of the following visibility styles:
658</p>
659
660<dl>
661 <dt><b>"<tt>default</tt>" - Default style</b>:</dt>
662
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]663 <dd>On targets that use the ELF object file format, default visibility means
664 that the declaration is visible to other
Anton Korobeynikovc7f9f3d2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]665 modules and, in shared libraries, means that the declared entity may be
666 overridden. On Darwin, default visibility means that the declaration is
667 visible to other modules. Default visibility corresponds to "external
668 linkage" in the language.
669 </dd>
670
671 <dt><b>"<tt>hidden</tt>" - Hidden style</b>:</dt>
672
673 <dd>Two declarations of an object with hidden visibility refer to the same
674 object if they are in the same shared object. Usually, hidden visibility
675 indicates that the symbol will not be placed into the dynamic symbol table,
676 so no other module (executable or shared library) can reference it
677 directly.
678 </dd>
679
Anton Korobeynikov39f3cff2007-04-29 18:35:00 +0000[diff] [blame]680 <dt><b>"<tt>protected</tt>" - Protected style</b>:</dt>
681
682 <dd>On ELF, protected visibility indicates that the symbol will be placed in
683 the dynamic symbol table, but that references within the defining module will
684 bind to the local symbol. That is, the symbol cannot be overridden by another
685 module.
686 </dd>
Anton Korobeynikovc7f9f3d2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]687</dl>
688
689</div>
690
691<!-- ======================================================================= -->
692<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattnerbc088212009-01-11 20:53:49 +0000[diff] [blame]693 <a name="namedtypes">Named Types</a>
694</div>
695
696<div class="doc_text">
697
698<p>LLVM IR allows you to specify name aliases for certain types. This can make
699it easier to read the IR and make the IR more condensed (particularly when
700recursive types are involved). An example of a name specification is:
701</p>
702
703<div class="doc_code">
704<pre>
705%mytype = type { %mytype*, i32 }
706</pre>
707</div>
708
709<p>You may give a name to any <a href="#typesystem">type</a> except "<a
710href="t_void">void</a>". Type name aliases may be used anywhere a type is
711expected with the syntax "%mytype".</p>
712
713<p>Note that type names are aliases for the structural type that they indicate,
714and that you can therefore specify multiple names for the same type. This often
715leads to confusing behavior when dumping out a .ll file. Since LLVM IR uses
716structural typing, the name is not part of the type. When printing out LLVM IR,
717the printer will pick <em>one name</em> to render all types of a particular
718shape. This means that if you have code where two different source types end up
719having the same LLVM type, that the dumper will sometimes print the "wrong" or
720unexpected type. This is an important design point and isn't going to
721change.</p>
722
723</div>
724
725
726<!-- ======================================================================= -->
727<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]728 <a name="globalvars">Global Variables</a>
729</div>
730
731<div class="doc_text">
732
Chris Lattner5d5aede2005-02-12 19:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]733<p>Global variables define regions of memory allocated at compilation time
Chris Lattner662c8722005-11-12 00:45:07 +0000[diff] [blame]734instead of run-time. Global variables may optionally be initialized, may have
Anton Korobeynikova97b6942007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]735an explicit section to be placed in, and may have an optional explicit alignment
736specified. A variable may be defined as "thread_local", which means that it
737will not be shared by threads (each thread will have a separated copy of the
738variable). A variable may be defined as a global "constant," which indicates
739that the contents of the variable will <b>never</b> be modified (enabling better
Chris Lattner5d5aede2005-02-12 19:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]740optimization, allowing the global data to be placed in the read-only section of
741an executable, etc). Note that variables that need runtime initialization
John Criswell4c0cf7f2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]742cannot be marked "constant" as there is a store to the variable.</p>
Chris Lattner5d5aede2005-02-12 19:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]743
744<p>
745LLVM explicitly allows <em>declarations</em> of global variables to be marked
746constant, even if the final definition of the global is not. This capability
747can be used to enable slightly better optimization of the program, but requires
748the language definition to guarantee that optimizations based on the
749'constantness' are valid for the translation units that do not include the
750definition.
751</p>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]752
753<p>As SSA values, global variables define pointer values that are in
754scope (i.e. they dominate) all basic blocks in the program. Global
755variables always define a pointer to their "content" type because they
756describe a region of memory, and all memory objects in LLVM are
757accessed through pointers.</p>
758
Christopher Lamb308121c2007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]759<p>A global variable may be declared to reside in a target-specifc numbered
760address space. For targets that support them, address spaces may affect how
761optimizations are performed and/or what target instructions are used to access
Christopher Lamb25f50762007-12-12 08:44:39 +0000[diff] [blame]762the variable. The default address space is zero. The address space qualifier
763must precede any other attributes.</p>
Christopher Lamb308121c2007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]764
Chris Lattner662c8722005-11-12 00:45:07 +0000[diff] [blame]765<p>LLVM allows an explicit section to be specified for globals. If the target
766supports it, it will emit globals to the section specified.</p>
767
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]768<p>An explicit alignment may be specified for a global. If not present, or if
769the alignment is set to zero, the alignment of the global is set by the target
770to whatever it feels convenient. If an explicit alignment is specified, the
771global is forced to have at least that much alignment. All alignments must be
772a power of 2.</p>
773
Christopher Lamb308121c2007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]774<p>For example, the following defines a global in a numbered address space with
775an initializer, section, and alignment:</p>
Chris Lattner5760c502007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]776
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]777<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner5760c502007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]778<pre>
Dan Gohmanaaa679b2009-01-11 00:40:00 +0000[diff] [blame]779@G = addrspace(5) constant float 1.0, section "foo", align 4
Chris Lattner5760c502007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]780</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]781</div>
Chris Lattner5760c502007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]782
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]783</div>
784
785
786<!-- ======================================================================= -->
787<div class="doc_subsection">
788 <a name="functionstructure">Functions</a>
789</div>
790
791<div class="doc_text">
792
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]793<p>LLVM function definitions consist of the "<tt>define</tt>" keyord,
794an optional <a href="#linkage">linkage type</a>, an optional
Anton Korobeynikovc7f9f3d2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]795<a href="#visibility">visibility style</a>, an optional
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]796<a href="#callingconv">calling convention</a>, a return type, an optional
797<a href="#paramattrs">parameter attribute</a> for the return type, a function
798name, a (possibly empty) argument list (each with optional
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]799<a href="#paramattrs">parameter attributes</a>), optional
800<a href="#fnattrs">function attributes</a>, an optional section,
801an optional alignment, an optional <a href="#gc">garbage collector name</a>,
Chris Lattnercbc4d2a2008-10-04 18:10:21 +0000[diff] [blame]802an opening curly brace, a list of basic blocks, and a closing curly brace.
Anton Korobeynikovc7f9f3d2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]803
804LLVM function declarations consist of the "<tt>declare</tt>" keyword, an
805optional <a href="#linkage">linkage type</a>, an optional
806<a href="#visibility">visibility style</a>, an optional
807<a href="#callingconv">calling convention</a>, a return type, an optional
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]808<a href="#paramattrs">parameter attribute</a> for the return type, a function
Gordon Henriksen71183b62007-12-10 03:18:06 +0000[diff] [blame]809name, a possibly empty list of arguments, an optional alignment, and an optional
Gordon Henriksendc5cafb2007-12-10 03:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]810<a href="#gc">garbage collector name</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]811
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]812<p>A function definition contains a list of basic blocks, forming the CFG
813(Control Flow Graph) for
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]814the function. Each basic block may optionally start with a label (giving the
815basic block a symbol table entry), contains a list of instructions, and ends
816with a <a href="#terminators">terminator</a> instruction (such as a branch or
817function return).</p>
818
Chris Lattnera59fb102007-06-08 16:52:14 +0000[diff] [blame]819<p>The first basic block in a function is special in two ways: it is immediately
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]820executed on entrance to the function, and it is not allowed to have predecessor
821basic blocks (i.e. there can not be any branches to the entry block of a
822function). Because the block can have no predecessors, it also cannot have any
823<a href="#i_phi">PHI nodes</a>.</p>
824
Chris Lattner662c8722005-11-12 00:45:07 +0000[diff] [blame]825<p>LLVM allows an explicit section to be specified for functions. If the target
826supports it, it will emit functions to the section specified.</p>
827
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]828<p>An explicit alignment may be specified for a function. If not present, or if
829the alignment is set to zero, the alignment of the function is set by the target
830to whatever it feels convenient. If an explicit alignment is specified, the
831function is forced to have at least that much alignment. All alignments must be
832a power of 2.</p>
833
Devang Patel02256232008-10-07 17:48:33 +0000[diff] [blame]834 <h5>Syntax:</h5>
835
836<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner0ae02092008-10-13 16:55:18 +0000[diff] [blame]837<tt>
838define [<a href="#linkage">linkage</a>] [<a href="#visibility">visibility</a>]
839 [<a href="#callingconv">cconv</a>] [<a href="#paramattrs">ret attrs</a>]
840 &lt;ResultType&gt; @&lt;FunctionName&gt; ([argument list])
841 [<a href="#fnattrs">fn Attrs</a>] [section "name"] [align N]
842 [<a href="#gc">gc</a>] { ... }
843</tt>
Devang Patel02256232008-10-07 17:48:33 +0000[diff] [blame]844</div>
845
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]846</div>
847
Anton Korobeynikova97b6942007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]848
849<!-- ======================================================================= -->
850<div class="doc_subsection">
851 <a name="aliasstructure">Aliases</a>
852</div>
853<div class="doc_text">
854 <p>Aliases act as "second name" for the aliasee value (which can be either
Anton Korobeynikov25b2e822008-03-22 08:36:14 +0000[diff] [blame]855 function, global variable, another alias or bitcast of global value). Aliases
856 may have an optional <a href="#linkage">linkage type</a>, and an
Anton Korobeynikova97b6942007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]857 optional <a href="#visibility">visibility style</a>.</p>
858
859 <h5>Syntax:</h5>
860
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]861<div class="doc_code">
Bill Wendling2d8b9a82007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]862<pre>
Duncan Sands7e99a942008-09-12 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]863@&lt;Name&gt; = alias [Linkage] [Visibility] &lt;AliaseeTy&gt; @&lt;Aliasee&gt;
Bill Wendling2d8b9a82007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]864</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]865</div>
Anton Korobeynikova97b6942007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]866
867</div>
868
869
870
Chris Lattner91c15c42006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]871<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]872<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="paramattrs">Parameter Attributes</a></div>
873<div class="doc_text">
874 <p>The return type and each parameter of a function type may have a set of
875 <i>parameter attributes</i> associated with them. Parameter attributes are
876 used to communicate additional information about the result or parameters of
Duncan Sandsad0ea2d2007-11-27 13:23:08 +0000[diff] [blame]877 a function. Parameter attributes are considered to be part of the function,
878 not of the function type, so functions with different parameter attributes
879 can have the same function type.</p>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]880
Reid Spencercf7ebf52007-01-15 18:27:39 +0000[diff] [blame]881 <p>Parameter attributes are simple keywords that follow the type specified. If
882 multiple parameter attributes are needed, they are space separated. For
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]883 example:</p>
884
885<div class="doc_code">
886<pre>
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]887declare i32 @printf(i8* noalias , ...)
Chris Lattnerd2597d72008-10-04 18:33:34 +0000[diff] [blame]888declare i32 @atoi(i8 zeroext)
889declare signext i8 @returns_signed_char()
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]890</pre>
891</div>
892
Duncan Sandsad0ea2d2007-11-27 13:23:08 +0000[diff] [blame]893 <p>Note that any attributes for the function result (<tt>nounwind</tt>,
894 <tt>readonly</tt>) come immediately after the argument list.</p>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]895
Anton Korobeynikova0554d92007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]896 <p>Currently, only the following parameter attributes are defined:</p>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]897 <dl>
Reid Spencer314e1cb2007-07-19 23:13:04 +0000[diff] [blame]898 <dt><tt>zeroext</tt></dt>
Chris Lattnerd2597d72008-10-04 18:33:34 +0000[diff] [blame]899 <dd>This indicates to the code generator that the parameter or return value
900 should be zero-extended to a 32-bit value by the caller (for a parameter)
901 or the callee (for a return value).</dd>
Chris Lattner5cee13f2008-01-11 06:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]902
Reid Spencer314e1cb2007-07-19 23:13:04 +0000[diff] [blame]903 <dt><tt>signext</tt></dt>
Chris Lattnerd2597d72008-10-04 18:33:34 +0000[diff] [blame]904 <dd>This indicates to the code generator that the parameter or return value
905 should be sign-extended to a 32-bit value by the caller (for a parameter)
906 or the callee (for a return value).</dd>
Chris Lattner5cee13f2008-01-11 06:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]907
Anton Korobeynikove8166852007-01-28 14:30:45 +0000[diff] [blame]908 <dt><tt>inreg</tt></dt>
Dale Johannesenc50ada22008-09-25 20:47:45 +0000[diff] [blame]909 <dd>This indicates that this parameter or return value should be treated
910 in a special target-dependent fashion during while emitting code for a
911 function call or return (usually, by putting it in a register as opposed
Chris Lattnerd2597d72008-10-04 18:33:34 +0000[diff] [blame]912 to memory, though some targets use it to distinguish between two different
913 kinds of registers). Use of this attribute is target-specific.</dd>
Chris Lattner5cee13f2008-01-11 06:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]914
Duncan Sands2a1d8ba2008-10-06 08:14:18 +0000[diff] [blame]915 <dt><tt><a name="byval">byval</a></tt></dt>
Chris Lattner352ab9b2008-01-15 04:34:22 +0000[diff] [blame]916 <dd>This indicates that the pointer parameter should really be passed by
917 value to the function. The attribute implies that a hidden copy of the
918 pointee is made between the caller and the callee, so the callee is unable
Chris Lattner1ca5c642008-08-05 18:21:08 +0000[diff] [blame]919 to modify the value in the callee. This attribute is only valid on LLVM
Chris Lattner352ab9b2008-01-15 04:34:22 +0000[diff] [blame]920 pointer arguments. It is generally used to pass structs and arrays by
Duncan Sands2a1d8ba2008-10-06 08:14:18 +0000[diff] [blame]921 value, but is also valid on pointers to scalars. The copy is considered to
922 belong to the caller not the callee (for example,
923 <tt><a href="#readonly">readonly</a></tt> functions should not write to
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]924 <tt>byval</tt> parameters). This is not a valid attribute for return
925 values. </dd>
Chris Lattner5cee13f2008-01-11 06:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]926
Anton Korobeynikove8166852007-01-28 14:30:45 +0000[diff] [blame]927 <dt><tt>sret</tt></dt>
Duncan Sandsfa4b6732008-02-18 04:19:38 +0000[diff] [blame]928 <dd>This indicates that the pointer parameter specifies the address of a
929 structure that is the return value of the function in the source program.
Chris Lattnerd2597d72008-10-04 18:33:34 +0000[diff] [blame]930 This pointer must be guaranteed by the caller to be valid: loads and stores
931 to the structure may be assumed by the callee to not to trap. This may only
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]932 be applied to the first parameter. This is not a valid attribute for
933 return values. </dd>
Chris Lattner5cee13f2008-01-11 06:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]934
Zhou Sheng2444a9a2007-06-05 05:28:26 +0000[diff] [blame]935 <dt><tt>noalias</tt></dt>
Nick Lewyckyf5ffcbc2008-11-24 03:41:24 +0000[diff] [blame]936 <dd>This indicates that the pointer does not alias any global or any other
937 parameter. The caller is responsible for ensuring that this is the
Nick Lewyckyd59572c2008-11-24 05:00:44 +0000[diff] [blame]938 case. On a function return value, <tt>noalias</tt> additionally indicates
939 that the pointer does not alias any other pointers visible to the
Nick Lewycky2abb1082008-12-19 06:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]940 caller. For further details, please see the discussion of the NoAlias
941 response in
942 <a href="http://llvm.org/docs/AliasAnalysis.html#MustMayNo">alias
943 analysis</a>.</dd>
944
945 <dt><tt>nocapture</tt></dt>
946 <dd>This indicates that the callee does not make any copies of the pointer
947 that outlive the callee itself. This is not a valid attribute for return
948 values.</dd>
Chris Lattner5cee13f2008-01-11 06:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]949
Duncan Sands27e91592007-07-27 19:57:41 +0000[diff] [blame]950 <dt><tt>nest</tt></dt>
Duncan Sands825bde42008-07-08 09:27:25 +0000[diff] [blame]951 <dd>This indicates that the pointer parameter can be excised using the
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]952 <a href="#int_trampoline">trampoline intrinsics</a>. This is not a valid
953 attribute for return values.</dd>
Anton Korobeynikova0554d92007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]954 </dl>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]955
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]956</div>
957
958<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner91c15c42006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]959<div class="doc_subsection">
Gordon Henriksen71183b62007-12-10 03:18:06 +0000[diff] [blame]960 <a name="gc">Garbage Collector Names</a>
961</div>
962
963<div class="doc_text">
964<p>Each function may specify a garbage collector name, which is simply a
965string.</p>
966
967<div class="doc_code"><pre
968>define void @f() gc "name" { ...</pre></div>
969
970<p>The compiler declares the supported values of <i>name</i>. Specifying a
971collector which will cause the compiler to alter its output in order to support
972the named garbage collection algorithm.</p>
973</div>
974
975<!-- ======================================================================= -->
976<div class="doc_subsection">
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]977 <a name="fnattrs">Function Attributes</a>
Devang Patelcaacdba2008-09-04 23:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]978</div>
979
980<div class="doc_text">
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]981
982<p>Function attributes are set to communicate additional information about
983 a function. Function attributes are considered to be part of the function,
984 not of the function type, so functions with different parameter attributes
985 can have the same function type.</p>
986
987 <p>Function attributes are simple keywords that follow the type specified. If
988 multiple attributes are needed, they are space separated. For
989 example:</p>
Devang Patelcaacdba2008-09-04 23:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]990
991<div class="doc_code">
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]992<pre>
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]993define void @f() noinline { ... }
994define void @f() alwaysinline { ... }
995define void @f() alwaysinline optsize { ... }
996define void @f() optsize
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]997</pre>
Devang Patelcaacdba2008-09-04 23:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]998</div>
999
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]1000<dl>
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1001<dt><tt>alwaysinline</tt></dt>
Chris Lattnerfbf60a42008-10-04 18:23:17 +0000[diff] [blame]1002<dd>This attribute indicates that the inliner should attempt to inline this
1003function into callers whenever possible, ignoring any active inlining size
1004threshold for this caller.</dd>
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]1005
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1006<dt><tt>noinline</tt></dt>
Chris Lattnerfbf60a42008-10-04 18:23:17 +0000[diff] [blame]1007<dd>This attribute indicates that the inliner should never inline this function
Chris Lattner0625c282008-10-05 17:14:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1008in any situation. This attribute may not be used together with the
Chris Lattnerfbf60a42008-10-04 18:23:17 +0000[diff] [blame]1009<tt>alwaysinline</tt> attribute.</dd>
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]1010
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1011<dt><tt>optsize</tt></dt>
Devang Patele9743902008-09-29 18:34:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1012<dd>This attribute suggests that optimization passes and code generator passes
Chris Lattnerfbf60a42008-10-04 18:23:17 +0000[diff] [blame]1013make choices that keep the code size of this function low, and otherwise do
1014optimizations specifically to reduce code size.</dd>
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]1015
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1016<dt><tt>noreturn</tt></dt>
Chris Lattnerfbf60a42008-10-04 18:23:17 +0000[diff] [blame]1017<dd>This function attribute indicates that the function never returns normally.
1018This produces undefined behavior at runtime if the function ever does
1019dynamically return.</dd>
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1020
1021<dt><tt>nounwind</tt></dt>
Chris Lattnerfbf60a42008-10-04 18:23:17 +0000[diff] [blame]1022<dd>This function attribute indicates that the function never returns with an
1023unwind or exceptional control flow. If the function does unwind, its runtime
1024behavior is undefined.</dd>
1025
1026<dt><tt>readnone</tt></dt>
Duncan Sands2a1d8ba2008-10-06 08:14:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1027<dd>This attribute indicates that the function computes its result (or the
1028exception it throws) based strictly on its arguments, without dereferencing any
1029pointer arguments or otherwise accessing any mutable state (e.g. memory, control
1030registers, etc) visible to caller functions. It does not write through any
1031pointer arguments (including <tt><a href="#byval">byval</a></tt> arguments) and
1032never changes any state visible to callers.</dd>
Devang Patel9eb525d2008-09-26 23:51:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1033
Duncan Sands2a1d8ba2008-10-06 08:14:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1034<dt><tt><a name="readonly">readonly</a></tt></dt>
1035<dd>This attribute indicates that the function does not write through any
1036pointer arguments (including <tt><a href="#byval">byval</a></tt> arguments)
1037or otherwise modify any state (e.g. memory, control registers, etc) visible to
1038caller functions. It may dereference pointer arguments and read state that may
1039be set in the caller. A readonly function always returns the same value (or
1040throws the same exception) when called with the same set of arguments and global
1041state.</dd>
Bill Wendlinga8130172008-11-13 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1042
1043<dt><tt><a name="ssp">ssp</a></tt></dt>
Bill Wendling6e41add2008-11-26 19:19:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1044<dd>This attribute indicates that the function should emit a stack smashing
Bill Wendlinga8130172008-11-13 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1045protector. It is in the form of a "canary"&mdash;a random value placed on the
1046stack before the local variables that's checked upon return from the function to
1047see if it has been overwritten. A heuristic is used to determine if a function
Bill Wendling6e41add2008-11-26 19:19:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1048needs stack protectors or not.
Bill Wendlinga8130172008-11-13 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1049
Bill Wendling0f5541e2008-11-26 19:07:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1050<p>If a function that has an <tt>ssp</tt> attribute is inlined into a function
1051that doesn't have an <tt>ssp</tt> attribute, then the resulting function will
1052have an <tt>ssp</tt> attribute.</p></dd>
1053
1054<dt><tt>sspreq</tt></dt>
Bill Wendling6e41add2008-11-26 19:19:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1055<dd>This attribute indicates that the function should <em>always</em> emit a
Bill Wendlinga8130172008-11-13 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1056stack smashing protector. This overrides the <tt><a href="#ssp">ssp</a></tt>
Bill Wendling6e41add2008-11-26 19:19:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1057function attribute.
Bill Wendling0f5541e2008-11-26 19:07:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1058
1059<p>If a function that has an <tt>sspreq</tt> attribute is inlined into a
1060function that doesn't have an <tt>sspreq</tt> attribute or which has
1061an <tt>ssp</tt> attribute, then the resulting function will have
1062an <tt>sspreq</tt> attribute.</p></dd>
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]1063</dl>
1064
Devang Patelcaacdba2008-09-04 23:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1065</div>
1066
1067<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1068<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner93564892006-04-08 04:40:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1069 <a name="moduleasm">Module-Level Inline Assembly</a>
Chris Lattner91c15c42006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1070</div>
1071
1072<div class="doc_text">
1073<p>
1074Modules may contain "module-level inline asm" blocks, which corresponds to the
1075GCC "file scope inline asm" blocks. These blocks are internally concatenated by
1076LLVM and treated as a single unit, but may be separated in the .ll file if
1077desired. The syntax is very simple:
1078</p>
1079
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1080<div class="doc_code">
1081<pre>
1082module asm "inline asm code goes here"
1083module asm "more can go here"
1084</pre>
1085</div>
Chris Lattner91c15c42006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1086
1087<p>The strings can contain any character by escaping non-printable characters.
1088 The escape sequence used is simply "\xx" where "xx" is the two digit hex code
1089 for the number.
1090</p>
1091
1092<p>
1093 The inline asm code is simply printed to the machine code .s file when
1094 assembly code is generated.
1095</p>
1096</div>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1097
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1098<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1099<div class="doc_subsection">
1100 <a name="datalayout">Data Layout</a>
1101</div>
1102
1103<div class="doc_text">
1104<p>A module may specify a target specific data layout string that specifies how
Reid Spencer7972c472007-04-11 23:49:50 +0000[diff] [blame]1105data is to be laid out in memory. The syntax for the data layout is simply:</p>
1106<pre> target datalayout = "<i>layout specification</i>"</pre>
1107<p>The <i>layout specification</i> consists of a list of specifications
1108separated by the minus sign character ('-'). Each specification starts with a
1109letter and may include other information after the letter to define some
1110aspect of the data layout. The specifications accepted are as follows: </p>
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1111<dl>
1112 <dt><tt>E</tt></dt>
1113 <dd>Specifies that the target lays out data in big-endian form. That is, the
1114 bits with the most significance have the lowest address location.</dd>
1115 <dt><tt>e</tt></dt>
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1116 <dd>Specifies that the target lays out data in little-endian form. That is,
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1117 the bits with the least significance have the lowest address location.</dd>
1118 <dt><tt>p:<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
1119 <dd>This specifies the <i>size</i> of a pointer and its <i>abi</i> and
1120 <i>preferred</i> alignments. All sizes are in bits. Specifying the <i>pref</i>
1121 alignment is optional. If omitted, the preceding <tt>:</tt> should be omitted
1122 too.</dd>
1123 <dt><tt>i<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
1124 <dd>This specifies the alignment for an integer type of a given bit
1125 <i>size</i>. The value of <i>size</i> must be in the range [1,2^23).</dd>
1126 <dt><tt>v<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
1127 <dd>This specifies the alignment for a vector type of a given bit
1128 <i>size</i>.</dd>
1129 <dt><tt>f<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
1130 <dd>This specifies the alignment for a floating point type of a given bit
1131 <i>size</i>. The value of <i>size</i> must be either 32 (float) or 64
1132 (double).</dd>
1133 <dt><tt>a<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
1134 <dd>This specifies the alignment for an aggregate type of a given bit
1135 <i>size</i>.</dd>
1136</dl>
1137<p>When constructing the data layout for a given target, LLVM starts with a
1138default set of specifications which are then (possibly) overriden by the
1139specifications in the <tt>datalayout</tt> keyword. The default specifications
1140are given in this list:</p>
1141<ul>
1142 <li><tt>E</tt> - big endian</li>
1143 <li><tt>p:32:64:64</tt> - 32-bit pointers with 64-bit alignment</li>
1144 <li><tt>i1:8:8</tt> - i1 is 8-bit (byte) aligned</li>
1145 <li><tt>i8:8:8</tt> - i8 is 8-bit (byte) aligned</li>
1146 <li><tt>i16:16:16</tt> - i16 is 16-bit aligned</li>
1147 <li><tt>i32:32:32</tt> - i32 is 32-bit aligned</li>
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1148 <li><tt>i64:32:64</tt> - i64 has ABI alignment of 32-bits but preferred
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1149 alignment of 64-bits</li>
1150 <li><tt>f32:32:32</tt> - float is 32-bit aligned</li>
1151 <li><tt>f64:64:64</tt> - double is 64-bit aligned</li>
1152 <li><tt>v64:64:64</tt> - 64-bit vector is 64-bit aligned</li>
1153 <li><tt>v128:128:128</tt> - 128-bit vector is 128-bit aligned</li>
1154 <li><tt>a0:0:1</tt> - aggregates are 8-bit aligned</li>
1155</ul>
Chris Lattner1ca5c642008-08-05 18:21:08 +0000[diff] [blame]1156<p>When LLVM is determining the alignment for a given type, it uses the
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1157following rules:</p>
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1158<ol>
1159 <li>If the type sought is an exact match for one of the specifications, that
1160 specification is used.</li>
1161 <li>If no match is found, and the type sought is an integer type, then the
1162 smallest integer type that is larger than the bitwidth of the sought type is
1163 used. If none of the specifications are larger than the bitwidth then the the
1164 largest integer type is used. For example, given the default specifications
1165 above, the i7 type will use the alignment of i8 (next largest) while both
1166 i65 and i256 will use the alignment of i64 (largest specified).</li>
1167 <li>If no match is found, and the type sought is a vector type, then the
1168 largest vector type that is smaller than the sought vector type will be used
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1169 as a fall back. This happens because &lt;128 x double&gt; can be implemented
1170 in terms of 64 &lt;2 x double&gt;, for example.</li>
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1171</ol>
1172</div>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1173
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1174<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1175<div class="doc_section"> <a name="typesystem">Type System</a> </div>
1176<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1177
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1178<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1179
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1180<p>The LLVM type system is one of the most important features of the
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1181intermediate representation. Being typed enables a number of
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1182optimizations to be performed on the intermediate representation directly,
1183without having to do
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1184extra analyses on the side before the transformation. A strong type
1185system makes it easier to read the generated code and enables novel
1186analyses and transformations that are not feasible to perform on normal
1187three address code representations.</p>
Chris Lattner6af02f32004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1188
1189</div>
1190
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1191<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1192<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="t_classifications">Type
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1193Classifications</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1194<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1195<p>The types fall into a few useful
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1196classifications:</p>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1197
1198<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1199 <tbody>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1200 <tr><th>Classification</th><th>Types</th></tr>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1201 <tr>
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1202 <td><a href="#t_integer">integer</a></td>
Reid Spencer138249b2007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1203 <td><tt>i1, i2, i3, ... i8, ... i16, ... i32, ... i64, ... </tt></td>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1204 </tr>
1205 <tr>
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1206 <td><a href="#t_floating">floating point</a></td>
1207 <td><tt>float, double, x86_fp80, fp128, ppc_fp128</tt></td>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1208 </tr>
1209 <tr>
1210 <td><a name="t_firstclass">first class</a></td>
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1211 <td><a href="#t_integer">integer</a>,
1212 <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>,
1213 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a>,
Dan Gohman08783a882008-06-18 18:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1214 <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>,
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]1215 <a href="#t_struct">structure</a>,
1216 <a href="#t_array">array</a>,
Dan Gohmanda52d212008-05-23 22:50:26 +0000[diff] [blame]1217 <a href="#t_label">label</a>.
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1218 </td>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1219 </tr>
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1220 <tr>
1221 <td><a href="#t_primitive">primitive</a></td>
1222 <td><a href="#t_label">label</a>,
1223 <a href="#t_void">void</a>,
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1224 <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>.</td>
1225 </tr>
1226 <tr>
1227 <td><a href="#t_derived">derived</a></td>
1228 <td><a href="#t_integer">integer</a>,
1229 <a href="#t_array">array</a>,
1230 <a href="#t_function">function</a>,
1231 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a>,
1232 <a href="#t_struct">structure</a>,
1233 <a href="#t_pstruct">packed structure</a>,
1234 <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>,
1235 <a href="#t_opaque">opaque</a>.
Dan Gohman93bf60d2008-10-14 16:32:04 +0000[diff] [blame]1236 </td>
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1237 </tr>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1238 </tbody>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1239</table>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1240
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1241<p>The <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> types are perhaps the
1242most important. Values of these types are the only ones which can be
1243produced by instructions, passed as arguments, or used as operands to
Dan Gohman34d1c0d2008-05-23 21:53:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1244instructions.</p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1245</div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1246
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1247<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1248<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="t_primitive">Primitive Types</a> </div>
Chris Lattner43542b32008-01-04 04:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]1249
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1250<div class="doc_text">
1251<p>The primitive types are the fundamental building blocks of the LLVM
1252system.</p>
1253
Chris Lattner43542b32008-01-04 04:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]1254</div>
1255
Chris Lattner7824d182008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1256<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1257<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_floating">Floating Point Types</a> </div>
1258
1259<div class="doc_text">
1260 <table>
1261 <tbody>
1262 <tr><th>Type</th><th>Description</th></tr>
1263 <tr><td><tt>float</tt></td><td>32-bit floating point value</td></tr>
1264 <tr><td><tt>double</tt></td><td>64-bit floating point value</td></tr>
1265 <tr><td><tt>fp128</tt></td><td>128-bit floating point value (112-bit mantissa)</td></tr>
1266 <tr><td><tt>x86_fp80</tt></td><td>80-bit floating point value (X87)</td></tr>
1267 <tr><td><tt>ppc_fp128</tt></td><td>128-bit floating point value (two 64-bits)</td></tr>
1268 </tbody>
1269 </table>
1270</div>
1271
1272<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1273<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_void">Void Type</a> </div>
1274
1275<div class="doc_text">
1276<h5>Overview:</h5>
1277<p>The void type does not represent any value and has no size.</p>
1278
1279<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1280
1281<pre>
1282 void
1283</pre>
1284</div>
1285
1286<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1287<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_label">Label Type</a> </div>
1288
1289<div class="doc_text">
1290<h5>Overview:</h5>
1291<p>The label type represents code labels.</p>
1292
1293<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1294
1295<pre>
1296 label
1297</pre>
1298</div>
1299
1300
1301<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1302<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="t_derived">Derived Types</a> </div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1303
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1304<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1305
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1306<p>The real power in LLVM comes from the derived types in the system.
1307This is what allows a programmer to represent arrays, functions,
1308pointers, and other useful types. Note that these derived types may be
1309recursive: For example, it is possible to have a two dimensional array.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1310
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1311</div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1312
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1313<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer138249b2007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1314<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_integer">Integer Type</a> </div>
1315
1316<div class="doc_text">
1317
1318<h5>Overview:</h5>
1319<p>The integer type is a very simple derived type that simply specifies an
1320arbitrary bit width for the integer type desired. Any bit width from 1 bit to
13212^23-1 (about 8 million) can be specified.</p>
1322
1323<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1324
1325<pre>
1326 iN
1327</pre>
1328
1329<p>The number of bits the integer will occupy is specified by the <tt>N</tt>
1330value.</p>
1331
1332<h5>Examples:</h5>
1333<table class="layout">
Chris Lattner9a2e3cb2007-12-18 06:18:21 +0000[diff] [blame]1334 <tbody>
1335 <tr>
1336 <td><tt>i1</tt></td>
1337 <td>a single-bit integer.</td>
1338 </tr><tr>
1339 <td><tt>i32</tt></td>
1340 <td>a 32-bit integer.</td>
1341 </tr><tr>
1342 <td><tt>i1942652</tt></td>
1343 <td>a really big integer of over 1 million bits.</td>
Reid Spencer138249b2007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1344 </tr>
Chris Lattner9a2e3cb2007-12-18 06:18:21 +0000[diff] [blame]1345 </tbody>
Reid Spencer138249b2007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1346</table>
Dan Gohman142ccc02009-01-24 15:58:40 +0000[diff] [blame^]1347
1348<p>Note that the code generator does not yet support large integer types
1349to be used as function return types. The specific limit on how large a
1350return type the code generator can currently handle is target-dependent;
1351currently it's often 64 bits for 32-bit targets and 128 bits for 64-bit
1352targets.</p>
1353
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1354</div>
Reid Spencer138249b2007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1355
1356<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1357<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_array">Array Type</a> </div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1358
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1359<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1360
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1361<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1362
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1363<p>The array type is a very simple derived type that arranges elements
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1364sequentially in memory. The array type requires a size (number of
1365elements) and an underlying data type.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1366
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1367<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1368
1369<pre>
1370 [&lt;# elements&gt; x &lt;elementtype&gt;]
1371</pre>
1372
John Criswell02fdc6f2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]1373<p>The number of elements is a constant integer value; elementtype may
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1374be any type with a size.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1375
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1376<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1377<table class="layout">
1378 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner747359f2007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1379 <td class="left"><tt>[40 x i32]</tt></td>
1380 <td class="left">Array of 40 32-bit integer values.</td>
1381 </tr>
1382 <tr class="layout">
1383 <td class="left"><tt>[41 x i32]</tt></td>
1384 <td class="left">Array of 41 32-bit integer values.</td>
1385 </tr>
1386 <tr class="layout">
1387 <td class="left"><tt>[4 x i8]</tt></td>
1388 <td class="left">Array of 4 8-bit integer values.</td>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1389 </tr>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1390</table>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1391<p>Here are some examples of multidimensional arrays:</p>
1392<table class="layout">
1393 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner747359f2007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1394 <td class="left"><tt>[3 x [4 x i32]]</tt></td>
1395 <td class="left">3x4 array of 32-bit integer values.</td>
1396 </tr>
1397 <tr class="layout">
1398 <td class="left"><tt>[12 x [10 x float]]</tt></td>
1399 <td class="left">12x10 array of single precision floating point values.</td>
1400 </tr>
1401 <tr class="layout">
1402 <td class="left"><tt>[2 x [3 x [4 x i16]]]</tt></td>
1403 <td class="left">2x3x4 array of 16-bit integer values.</td>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1404 </tr>
1405</table>
Chris Lattnerc0ad71e2005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1406
John Criswell4c0cf7f2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1407<p>Note that 'variable sized arrays' can be implemented in LLVM with a zero
1408length array. Normally, accesses past the end of an array are undefined in
Chris Lattnerc0ad71e2005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1409LLVM (e.g. it is illegal to access the 5th element of a 3 element array).
1410As a special case, however, zero length arrays are recognized to be variable
1411length. This allows implementation of 'pascal style arrays' with the LLVM
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1412type "{ i32, [0 x float]}", for example.</p>
Chris Lattnerc0ad71e2005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1413
Dan Gohman142ccc02009-01-24 15:58:40 +0000[diff] [blame^]1414<p>Note that the code generator does not yet support large aggregate types
1415to be used as function return types. The specific limit on how large an
1416aggregate return type the code generator can currently handle is
1417target-dependent, and also dependent on the aggregate element types.</p>
1418
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1419</div>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1420
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1421<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1422<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_function">Function Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1423<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]1424
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1425<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]1426
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1427<p>The function type can be thought of as a function signature. It
Devang Patele3dfc1c2008-03-24 05:35:41 +0000[diff] [blame]1428consists of a return type and a list of formal parameter types. The
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]1429return type of a function type is a scalar type, a void type, or a struct type.
Devang Patel9c1f8b12008-03-24 20:52:42 +0000[diff] [blame]1430If the return type is a struct type then all struct elements must be of first
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]1431class types, and the struct must have at least one element.</p>
Devang Pateld6cff512008-03-10 20:49:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1432
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1433<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]1434
1435<pre>
1436 &lt;returntype list&gt; (&lt;parameter list&gt;)
1437</pre>
1438
John Criswell4c0cf7f2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1439<p>...where '<tt>&lt;parameter list&gt;</tt>' is a comma-separated list of type
Misha Brukman20f9a622004-08-12 20:16:08 +0000[diff] [blame]1440specifiers. Optionally, the parameter list may include a type <tt>...</tt>,
Chris Lattner5ed60612003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1441which indicates that the function takes a variable number of arguments.
1442Variable argument functions can access their arguments with the <a
Devang Pateld6cff512008-03-10 20:49:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1443 href="#int_varargs">variable argument handling intrinsic</a> functions.
1444'<tt>&lt;returntype list&gt;</tt>' is a comma-separated list of
1445<a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type specifiers.</p>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]1446
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1447<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1448<table class="layout">
1449 <tr class="layout">
Reid Spencer58c08712006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1450 <td class="left"><tt>i32 (i32)</tt></td>
1451 <td class="left">function taking an <tt>i32</tt>, returning an <tt>i32</tt>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1452 </td>
Reid Spencer58c08712006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1453 </tr><tr class="layout">
Reid Spencer314e1cb2007-07-19 23:13:04 +0000[diff] [blame]1454 <td class="left"><tt>float&nbsp;(i16&nbsp;signext,&nbsp;i32&nbsp;*)&nbsp;*
Reid Spencer655dcc62006-12-31 07:20:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1455 </tt></td>
Reid Spencer58c08712006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1456 <td class="left"><a href="#t_pointer">Pointer</a> to a function that takes
1457 an <tt>i16</tt> that should be sign extended and a
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1458 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to <tt>i32</tt>, returning
Reid Spencer58c08712006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1459 <tt>float</tt>.
1460 </td>
1461 </tr><tr class="layout">
1462 <td class="left"><tt>i32 (i8*, ...)</tt></td>
1463 <td class="left">A vararg function that takes at least one
Reid Spencer3e628eb92007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1464 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to <tt>i8 </tt> (char in C),
Reid Spencer58c08712006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1465 which returns an integer. This is the signature for <tt>printf</tt> in
1466 LLVM.
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1467 </td>
Devang Patele3dfc1c2008-03-24 05:35:41 +0000[diff] [blame]1468 </tr><tr class="layout">
1469 <td class="left"><tt>{i32, i32} (i32)</tt></td>
Misha Brukmanc9813bd2008-11-27 06:41:20 +0000[diff] [blame]1470 <td class="left">A function taking an <tt>i32</tt>, returning two
1471 <tt>i32</tt> values as an aggregate of type <tt>{ i32, i32 }</tt>
Devang Patele3dfc1c2008-03-24 05:35:41 +0000[diff] [blame]1472 </td>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1473 </tr>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1474</table>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1475
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1476</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1477<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1478<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_struct">Structure Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1479<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1480<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1481<p>The structure type is used to represent a collection of data members
1482together in memory. The packing of the field types is defined to match
1483the ABI of the underlying processor. The elements of a structure may
1484be any type that has a size.</p>
1485<p>Structures are accessed using '<tt><a href="#i_load">load</a></tt>
1486and '<tt><a href="#i_store">store</a></tt>' by getting a pointer to a
1487field with the '<tt><a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a></tt>'
1488instruction.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1489<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1490<pre> { &lt;type list&gt; }<br></pre>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1491<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1492<table class="layout">
1493 <tr class="layout">
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1494 <td class="left"><tt>{ i32, i32, i32 }</tt></td>
1495 <td class="left">A triple of three <tt>i32</tt> values</td>
1496 </tr><tr class="layout">
1497 <td class="left"><tt>{&nbsp;float,&nbsp;i32&nbsp;(i32)&nbsp;*&nbsp;}</tt></td>
1498 <td class="left">A pair, where the first element is a <tt>float</tt> and the
1499 second element is a <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to a
1500 <a href="#t_function">function</a> that takes an <tt>i32</tt>, returning
1501 an <tt>i32</tt>.</td>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1502 </tr>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1503</table>
Dan Gohman142ccc02009-01-24 15:58:40 +0000[diff] [blame^]1504
1505<p>Note that the code generator does not yet support large aggregate types
1506to be used as function return types. The specific limit on how large an
1507aggregate return type the code generator can currently handle is
1508target-dependent, and also dependent on the aggregate element types.</p>
1509
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1510</div>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1511
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1512<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Andrew Lenharth8df88e22006-12-08 17:13:00 +0000[diff] [blame]1513<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_pstruct">Packed Structure Type</a>
1514</div>
1515<div class="doc_text">
1516<h5>Overview:</h5>
1517<p>The packed structure type is used to represent a collection of data members
1518together in memory. There is no padding between fields. Further, the alignment
1519of a packed structure is 1 byte. The elements of a packed structure may
1520be any type that has a size.</p>
1521<p>Structures are accessed using '<tt><a href="#i_load">load</a></tt>
1522and '<tt><a href="#i_store">store</a></tt>' by getting a pointer to a
1523field with the '<tt><a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a></tt>'
1524instruction.</p>
1525<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1526<pre> &lt; { &lt;type list&gt; } &gt; <br></pre>
1527<h5>Examples:</h5>
1528<table class="layout">
1529 <tr class="layout">
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1530 <td class="left"><tt>&lt; { i32, i32, i32 } &gt;</tt></td>
1531 <td class="left">A triple of three <tt>i32</tt> values</td>
1532 </tr><tr class="layout">
Bill Wendlingb175fa42008-09-07 10:26:33 +0000[diff] [blame]1533 <td class="left">
1534<tt>&lt;&nbsp;{&nbsp;float,&nbsp;i32&nbsp;(i32)*&nbsp;}&nbsp;&gt;</tt></td>
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1535 <td class="left">A pair, where the first element is a <tt>float</tt> and the
1536 second element is a <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to a
1537 <a href="#t_function">function</a> that takes an <tt>i32</tt>, returning
1538 an <tt>i32</tt>.</td>
Andrew Lenharth8df88e22006-12-08 17:13:00 +0000[diff] [blame]1539 </tr>
1540</table>
1541</div>
1542
1543<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1544<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_pointer">Pointer Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1545<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1546<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1547<p>As in many languages, the pointer type represents a pointer or
Christopher Lamb308121c2007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]1548reference to another object, which must live in memory. Pointer types may have
1549an optional address space attribute defining the target-specific numbered
1550address space where the pointed-to object resides. The default address space is
1551zero.</p>
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1552<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1553<pre> &lt;type&gt; *<br></pre>
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1554<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1555<table class="layout">
1556 <tr class="layout">
Dan Gohman623806e2009-01-04 23:44:43 +0000[diff] [blame]1557 <td class="left"><tt>[4 x i32]*</tt></td>
Chris Lattner747359f2007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1558 <td class="left">A <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to <a
1559 href="#t_array">array</a> of four <tt>i32</tt> values.</td>
1560 </tr>
1561 <tr class="layout">
1562 <td class="left"><tt>i32 (i32 *) *</tt></td>
1563 <td class="left"> A <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to a <a
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1564 href="#t_function">function</a> that takes an <tt>i32*</tt>, returning an
Chris Lattner747359f2007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1565 <tt>i32</tt>.</td>
1566 </tr>
1567 <tr class="layout">
1568 <td class="left"><tt>i32 addrspace(5)*</tt></td>
1569 <td class="left">A <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to an <tt>i32</tt> value
1570 that resides in address space #5.</td>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1571 </tr>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1572</table>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1573</div>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1574
Chris Lattnerc8cb6952004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1575<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1576<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_vector">Vector Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1577<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1578
Chris Lattnerc8cb6952004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1579<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1580
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1581<p>A vector type is a simple derived type that represents a vector
1582of elements. Vector types are used when multiple primitive data
Chris Lattnerc8cb6952004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1583are operated in parallel using a single instruction (SIMD).
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1584A vector type requires a size (number of
Chris Lattner330ce692005-11-10 01:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]1585elements) and an underlying primitive data type. Vectors must have a power
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1586of two length (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ...). Vector types are
Chris Lattnerc8cb6952004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1587considered <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1588
Chris Lattnerc8cb6952004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1589<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1590
1591<pre>
1592 &lt; &lt;# elements&gt; x &lt;elementtype&gt; &gt;
1593</pre>
1594
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1595<p>The number of elements is a constant integer value; elementtype may
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1596be any integer or floating point type.</p>
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1597
Chris Lattnerc8cb6952004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1598<h5>Examples:</h5>
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1599
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1600<table class="layout">
1601 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner747359f2007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1602 <td class="left"><tt>&lt;4 x i32&gt;</tt></td>
1603 <td class="left">Vector of 4 32-bit integer values.</td>
1604 </tr>
1605 <tr class="layout">
1606 <td class="left"><tt>&lt;8 x float&gt;</tt></td>
1607 <td class="left">Vector of 8 32-bit floating-point values.</td>
1608 </tr>
1609 <tr class="layout">
1610 <td class="left"><tt>&lt;2 x i64&gt;</tt></td>
1611 <td class="left">Vector of 2 64-bit integer values.</td>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1612 </tr>
1613</table>
Dan Gohman142ccc02009-01-24 15:58:40 +0000[diff] [blame^]1614
1615<p>Note that the code generator does not yet support large vector types
1616to be used as function return types. The specific limit on how large a
1617vector return type codegen can currently handle is target-dependent;
1618currently it's often a few times longer than a hardware vector register.</p>
1619
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1620</div>
1621
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1622<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1623<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_opaque">Opaque Type</a> </div>
1624<div class="doc_text">
1625
1626<h5>Overview:</h5>
1627
1628<p>Opaque types are used to represent unknown types in the system. This
Gordon Henriksena699c4d2007-10-14 00:34:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1629corresponds (for example) to the C notion of a forward declared structure type.
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1630In LLVM, opaque types can eventually be resolved to any type (not just a
1631structure type).</p>
1632
1633<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1634
1635<pre>
1636 opaque
1637</pre>
1638
1639<h5>Examples:</h5>
1640
1641<table class="layout">
1642 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner747359f2007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1643 <td class="left"><tt>opaque</tt></td>
1644 <td class="left">An opaque type.</td>
Chris Lattner37b6b092005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1645 </tr>
1646</table>
1647</div>
1648
1649
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1650<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
1651<div class="doc_section"> <a name="constants">Constants</a> </div>
1652<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
1653
1654<div class="doc_text">
1655
1656<p>LLVM has several different basic types of constants. This section describes
1657them all and their syntax.</p>
1658
1659</div>
1660
1661<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencer8f08d802004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1662<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="simpleconstants">Simple Constants</a></div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1663
1664<div class="doc_text">
1665
1666<dl>
1667 <dt><b>Boolean constants</b></dt>
1668
1669 <dd>The two strings '<tt>true</tt>' and '<tt>false</tt>' are both valid
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1670 constants of the <tt><a href="#t_primitive">i1</a></tt> type.
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1671 </dd>
1672
1673 <dt><b>Integer constants</b></dt>
1674
Reid Spencer8f08d802004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1675 <dd>Standard integers (such as '4') are constants of the <a
Reid Spencer3e628eb92007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1676 href="#t_integer">integer</a> type. Negative numbers may be used with
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1677 integer types.
1678 </dd>
1679
1680 <dt><b>Floating point constants</b></dt>
1681
1682 <dd>Floating point constants use standard decimal notation (e.g. 123.421),
1683 exponential notation (e.g. 1.23421e+2), or a more precise hexadecimal
Chris Lattner1429e6f2008-04-01 18:45:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1684 notation (see below). The assembler requires the exact decimal value of
1685 a floating-point constant. For example, the assembler accepts 1.25 but
1686 rejects 1.3 because 1.3 is a repeating decimal in binary. Floating point
1687 constants must have a <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type. </dd>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1688
1689 <dt><b>Null pointer constants</b></dt>
1690
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1691 <dd>The identifier '<tt>null</tt>' is recognized as a null pointer constant
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1692 and must be of <a href="#t_pointer">pointer type</a>.</dd>
1693
1694</dl>
1695
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1696<p>The one non-intuitive notation for constants is the optional hexadecimal form
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1697of floating point constants. For example, the form '<tt>double
16980x432ff973cafa8000</tt>' is equivalent to (but harder to read than) '<tt>double
16994.5e+15</tt>'. The only time hexadecimal floating point constants are required
Reid Spencer8f08d802004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1700(and the only time that they are generated by the disassembler) is when a
1701floating point constant must be emitted but it cannot be represented as a
1702decimal floating point number. For example, NaN's, infinities, and other
1703special values are represented in their IEEE hexadecimal format so that
1704assembly and disassembly do not cause any bits to change in the constants.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1705
1706</div>
1707
1708<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1709<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="aggregateconstants">Aggregate Constants</a>
1710</div>
1711
1712<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner455fc8c2005-03-07 22:13:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1713<p>Aggregate constants arise from aggregation of simple constants
1714and smaller aggregate constants.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1715
1716<dl>
1717 <dt><b>Structure constants</b></dt>
1718
1719 <dd>Structure constants are represented with notation similar to structure
1720 type definitions (a comma separated list of elements, surrounded by braces
Chris Lattnerbea11172007-12-25 20:34:52 +0000[diff] [blame]1721 (<tt>{}</tt>)). For example: "<tt>{ i32 4, float 17.0, i32* @G }</tt>",
1722 where "<tt>@G</tt>" is declared as "<tt>@G = external global i32</tt>". Structure constants
Chris Lattner455fc8c2005-03-07 22:13:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1723 must have <a href="#t_struct">structure type</a>, and the number and
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1724 types of elements must match those specified by the type.
1725 </dd>
1726
1727 <dt><b>Array constants</b></dt>
1728
1729 <dd>Array constants are represented with notation similar to array type
1730 definitions (a comma separated list of elements, surrounded by square brackets
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1731 (<tt>[]</tt>)). For example: "<tt>[ i32 42, i32 11, i32 74 ]</tt>". Array
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1732 constants must have <a href="#t_array">array type</a>, and the number and
1733 types of elements must match those specified by the type.
1734 </dd>
1735
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1736 <dt><b>Vector constants</b></dt>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1737
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1738 <dd>Vector constants are represented with notation similar to vector type
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1739 definitions (a comma separated list of elements, surrounded by
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1740 less-than/greater-than's (<tt>&lt;&gt;</tt>)). For example: "<tt>&lt; i32 42,
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1741 i32 11, i32 74, i32 100 &gt;</tt>". Vector constants must have <a
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1742 href="#t_vector">vector type</a>, and the number and types of elements must
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1743 match those specified by the type.
1744 </dd>
1745
1746 <dt><b>Zero initialization</b></dt>
1747
1748 <dd>The string '<tt>zeroinitializer</tt>' can be used to zero initialize a
1749 value to zero of <em>any</em> type, including scalar and aggregate types.
1750 This is often used to avoid having to print large zero initializers (e.g. for
John Criswell4c0cf7f2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1751 large arrays) and is always exactly equivalent to using explicit zero
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1752 initializers.
1753 </dd>
1754</dl>
1755
1756</div>
1757
1758<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1759<div class="doc_subsection">
1760 <a name="globalconstants">Global Variable and Function Addresses</a>
1761</div>
1762
1763<div class="doc_text">
1764
1765<p>The addresses of <a href="#globalvars">global variables</a> and <a
1766href="#functionstructure">functions</a> are always implicitly valid (link-time)
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1767constants. These constants are explicitly referenced when the <a
1768href="#identifiers">identifier for the global</a> is used and always have <a
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1769href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> type. For example, the following is a legal LLVM
1770file:</p>
1771
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1772<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1773<pre>
Chris Lattner00538a12007-06-06 18:28:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1774@X = global i32 17
1775@Y = global i32 42
1776@Z = global [2 x i32*] [ i32* @X, i32* @Y ]
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1777</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1778</div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1779
1780</div>
1781
1782<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencer641f5c92004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1783<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="undefvalues">Undefined Values</a></div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1784<div class="doc_text">
Reid Spencer641f5c92004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1785 <p>The string '<tt>undef</tt>' is recognized as a type-less constant that has
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1786 no specific value. Undefined values may be of any type and be used anywhere
Reid Spencer641f5c92004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1787 a constant is permitted.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1788
Reid Spencer641f5c92004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1789 <p>Undefined values indicate to the compiler that the program is well defined
1790 no matter what value is used, giving the compiler more freedom to optimize.
1791 </p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1792</div>
1793
1794<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1795<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="constantexprs">Constant Expressions</a>
1796</div>
1797
1798<div class="doc_text">
1799
1800<p>Constant expressions are used to allow expressions involving other constants
1801to be used as constants. Constant expressions may be of any <a
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1802href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type and may involve any LLVM operation
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1803that does not have side effects (e.g. load and call are not supported). The
1804following is the syntax for constant expressions:</p>
1805
1806<dl>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1807 <dt><b><tt>trunc ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1808 <dd>Truncate a constant to another type. The bit size of CST must be larger
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1809 than the bit size of TYPE. Both types must be integers.</dd>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1810
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1811 <dt><b><tt>zext ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1812 <dd>Zero extend a constant to another type. The bit size of CST must be
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1813 smaller or equal to the bit size of TYPE. Both types must be integers.</dd>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1814
1815 <dt><b><tt>sext ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1816 <dd>Sign extend a constant to another type. The bit size of CST must be
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1817 smaller or equal to the bit size of TYPE. Both types must be integers.</dd>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1818
1819 <dt><b><tt>fptrunc ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1820 <dd>Truncate a floating point constant to another floating point type. The
1821 size of CST must be larger than the size of TYPE. Both types must be
1822 floating point.</dd>
1823
1824 <dt><b><tt>fpext ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1825 <dd>Floating point extend a constant to another type. The size of CST must be
1826 smaller or equal to the size of TYPE. Both types must be floating point.</dd>
1827
Reid Spencer753163d2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]1828 <dt><b><tt>fptoui ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1829 <dd>Convert a floating point constant to the corresponding unsigned integer
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1830 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector integer type. CST must be of scalar
1831 or vector floating point type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1832 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the integer type,
1833 the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1834
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]1835 <dt><b><tt>fptosi ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1836 <dd>Convert a floating point constant to the corresponding signed integer
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1837 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector integer type. CST must be of scalar
1838 or vector floating point type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1839 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the integer type,
1840 the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1841
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]1842 <dt><b><tt>uitofp ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1843 <dd>Convert an unsigned integer constant to the corresponding floating point
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1844 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector floating point type. CST must be of
1845 scalar or vector integer type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1846 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the floating point
1847 type, the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1848
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]1849 <dt><b><tt>sitofp ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1850 <dd>Convert a signed integer constant to the corresponding floating point
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1851 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector floating point type. CST must be of
1852 scalar or vector integer type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1853 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the floating point
1854 type, the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1855
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1856 <dt><b><tt>ptrtoint ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1857 <dd>Convert a pointer typed constant to the corresponding integer constant
1858 TYPE must be an integer type. CST must be of pointer type. The CST value is
1859 zero extended, truncated, or unchanged to make it fit in TYPE.</dd>
1860
1861 <dt><b><tt>inttoptr ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1862 <dd>Convert a integer constant to a pointer constant. TYPE must be a
1863 pointer type. CST must be of integer type. The CST value is zero extended,
1864 truncated, or unchanged to make it fit in a pointer size. This one is
1865 <i>really</i> dangerous!</dd>
1866
1867 <dt><b><tt>bitcast ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1868 <dd>Convert a constant, CST, to another TYPE. The size of CST and TYPE must be
1869 identical (same number of bits). The conversion is done as if the CST value
1870 was stored to memory and read back as TYPE. In other words, no bits change
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1871 with this operator, just the type. This can be used for conversion of
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1872 vector types to any other type, as long as they have the same bit width. For
Dan Gohmanc05dca92008-09-08 16:45:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1873 pointers it is only valid to cast to another pointer type. It is not valid
1874 to bitcast to or from an aggregate type.
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1875 </dd>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1876
1877 <dt><b><tt>getelementptr ( CSTPTR, IDX0, IDX1, ... )</tt></b></dt>
1878
1879 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr operation</a> on
1880 constants. As with the <a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a>
1881 instruction, the index list may have zero or more indexes, which are required
1882 to make sense for the type of "CSTPTR".</dd>
1883
Robert Bocchino7e97a6d2006-01-10 19:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1884 <dt><b><tt>select ( COND, VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1885
1886 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_select">select operation</a> on
Reid Spencer9965ee72006-12-04 19:23:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1887 constants.</dd>
1888
1889 <dt><b><tt>icmp COND ( VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1890 <dd>Performs the <a href="#i_icmp">icmp operation</a> on constants.</dd>
1891
1892 <dt><b><tt>fcmp COND ( VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1893 <dd>Performs the <a href="#i_fcmp">fcmp operation</a> on constants.</dd>
Robert Bocchino7e97a6d2006-01-10 19:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1894
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]1895 <dt><b><tt>vicmp COND ( VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1896 <dd>Performs the <a href="#i_vicmp">vicmp operation</a> on constants.</dd>
1897
1898 <dt><b><tt>vfcmp COND ( VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1899 <dd>Performs the <a href="#i_vfcmp">vfcmp operation</a> on constants.</dd>
1900
Robert Bocchino7e97a6d2006-01-10 19:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1901 <dt><b><tt>extractelement ( VAL, IDX )</tt></b></dt>
1902
1903 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_extractelement">extractelement
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1904 operation</a> on constants.</dd>
Robert Bocchino7e97a6d2006-01-10 19:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1905
Robert Bocchinof72fdfe2006-01-15 20:48:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1906 <dt><b><tt>insertelement ( VAL, ELT, IDX )</tt></b></dt>
1907
1908 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_insertelement">insertelement
Reid Spencer9965ee72006-12-04 19:23:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1909 operation</a> on constants.</dd>
Robert Bocchinof72fdfe2006-01-15 20:48:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1910
Chris Lattner016a0e52006-04-08 00:13:41 +0000[diff] [blame]1911
1912 <dt><b><tt>shufflevector ( VEC1, VEC2, IDXMASK )</tt></b></dt>
1913
1914 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_shufflevector">shufflevector
Reid Spencer9965ee72006-12-04 19:23:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1915 operation</a> on constants.</dd>
Chris Lattner016a0e52006-04-08 00:13:41 +0000[diff] [blame]1916
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1917 <dt><b><tt>OPCODE ( LHS, RHS )</tt></b></dt>
1918
Reid Spencer641f5c92004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1919 <dd>Perform the specified operation of the LHS and RHS constants. OPCODE may
1920 be any of the <a href="#binaryops">binary</a> or <a href="#bitwiseops">bitwise
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1921 binary</a> operations. The constraints on operands are the same as those for
1922 the corresponding instruction (e.g. no bitwise operations on floating point
John Criswell02fdc6f2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]1923 values are allowed).</dd>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1924</dl>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1925</div>
Chris Lattnerb1652612004-03-08 16:49:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1926
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1927<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1928<div class="doc_section"> <a name="othervalues">Other Values</a> </div>
1929<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
1930
1931<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1932<div class="doc_subsection">
1933<a name="inlineasm">Inline Assembler Expressions</a>
1934</div>
1935
1936<div class="doc_text">
1937
1938<p>
1939LLVM supports inline assembler expressions (as opposed to <a href="#moduleasm">
1940Module-Level Inline Assembly</a>) through the use of a special value. This
1941value represents the inline assembler as a string (containing the instructions
1942to emit), a list of operand constraints (stored as a string), and a flag that
1943indicates whether or not the inline asm expression has side effects. An example
1944inline assembler expression is:
1945</p>
1946
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1947<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1948<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1949i32 (i32) asm "bswap $0", "=r,r"
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1950</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1951</div>
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1952
1953<p>
1954Inline assembler expressions may <b>only</b> be used as the callee operand of
1955a <a href="#i_call"><tt>call</tt> instruction</a>. Thus, typically we have:
1956</p>
1957
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1958<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1959<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1960%X = call i32 asm "<a href="#int_bswap">bswap</a> $0", "=r,r"(i32 %Y)
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1961</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1962</div>
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1963
1964<p>
1965Inline asms with side effects not visible in the constraint list must be marked
1966as having side effects. This is done through the use of the
1967'<tt>sideeffect</tt>' keyword, like so:
1968</p>
1969
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1970<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1971<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1972call void asm sideeffect "eieio", ""()
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1973</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1974</div>
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1975
1976<p>TODO: The format of the asm and constraints string still need to be
1977documented here. Constraints on what can be done (e.g. duplication, moving, etc
Chris Lattnerd5528262008-10-04 18:36:02 +0000[diff] [blame]1978need to be documented). This is probably best done by reference to another
1979document that covers inline asm from a holistic perspective.
Chris Lattner98f013c2006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1980</p>
1981
1982</div>
1983
1984<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1985<div class="doc_section"> <a name="instref">Instruction Reference</a> </div>
1986<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1987
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1988<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1989
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1990<p>The LLVM instruction set consists of several different
1991classifications of instructions: <a href="#terminators">terminator
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1992instructions</a>, <a href="#binaryops">binary instructions</a>,
1993<a href="#bitwiseops">bitwise binary instructions</a>, <a
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1994 href="#memoryops">memory instructions</a>, and <a href="#otherops">other
1995instructions</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1996
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1997</div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1998
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1999<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2000<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="terminators">Terminator
2001Instructions</a> </div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]2002
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2003<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]2004
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2005<p>As mentioned <a href="#functionstructure">previously</a>, every
2006basic block in a program ends with a "Terminator" instruction, which
2007indicates which block should be executed after the current block is
2008finished. These terminator instructions typically yield a '<tt>void</tt>'
2009value: they produce control flow, not values (the one exception being
2010the '<a href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a>' instruction).</p>
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]2011<p>There are six different terminator instructions: the '<a
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2012 href="#i_ret"><tt>ret</tt></a>' instruction, the '<a href="#i_br"><tt>br</tt></a>'
2013instruction, the '<a href="#i_switch"><tt>switch</tt></a>' instruction,
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2014the '<a href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a>' instruction, the '<a
2015 href="#i_unwind"><tt>unwind</tt></a>' instruction, and the '<a
2016 href="#i_unreachable"><tt>unreachable</tt></a>' instruction.</p>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]2017
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2018</div>
Chris Lattner74d3f822004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]2019
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2020<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2021<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_ret">'<tt>ret</tt>'
2022Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2023<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2024<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Dan Gohmancc3132e2008-10-04 19:00:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2025<pre>
2026 ret &lt;type&gt; &lt;value&gt; <i>; Return a value from a non-void function</i>
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2027 ret void <i>; Return from void function</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2028</pre>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2029
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2030<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2031
Dan Gohmancc3132e2008-10-04 19:00:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2032<p>The '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction is used to return control flow (and
2033optionally a value) from a function back to the caller.</p>
John Criswell417228d2004-04-09 16:48:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2034<p>There are two forms of the '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction: one that
Dan Gohmancc3132e2008-10-04 19:00:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2035returns a value and then causes control flow, and one that just causes
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2036control flow to occur.</p>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2037
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2038<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2039
Dan Gohmancc3132e2008-10-04 19:00:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2040<p>The '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction optionally accepts a single argument,
2041the return value. The type of the return value must be a
2042'<a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a>' type.</p>
2043
2044<p>A function is not <a href="#wellformed">well formed</a> if
2045it it has a non-void return type and contains a '<tt>ret</tt>'
2046instruction with no return value or a return value with a type that
2047does not match its type, or if it has a void return type and contains
2048a '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction with a return value.</p>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2049
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2050<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2051
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2052<p>When the '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction is executed, control flow
2053returns back to the calling function's context. If the caller is a "<a
John Criswell40db33f2004-06-25 15:16:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2054 href="#i_call"><tt>call</tt></a>" instruction, execution continues at
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2055the instruction after the call. If the caller was an "<a
2056 href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a>" instruction, execution continues
John Criswell02fdc6f2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]2057at the beginning of the "normal" destination block. If the instruction
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2058returns a value, that value shall set the call or invoke instruction's
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2059return value.</p>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2060
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2061<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerda508ac2008-04-23 04:59:35 +0000[diff] [blame]2062
2063<pre>
2064 ret i32 5 <i>; Return an integer value of 5</i>
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2065 ret void <i>; Return from a void function</i>
Dan Gohmancc3132e2008-10-04 19:00:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2066 ret { i32, i8 } { i32 4, i8 2 } <i>; Return an aggregate of values 4 and 2</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2067</pre>
Dan Gohman3065b612009-01-12 23:12:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2068
Dan Gohman142ccc02009-01-24 15:58:40 +0000[diff] [blame^]2069<p>Note that the code generator does not yet fully support large
2070 return values. The specific sizes that are currently supported are
2071 dependent on the target. For integers, on 32-bit targets the limit
2072 is often 64 bits, and on 64-bit targets the limit is often 128 bits.
2073 For aggregate types, the current limits are dependent on the element
2074 types; for example targets are often limited to 2 total integer
2075 elements and 2 total floating-point elements.</p>
Dan Gohman3065b612009-01-12 23:12:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2076
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2077</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2078<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2079<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_br">'<tt>br</tt>' Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2080<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2081<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2082<pre> br i1 &lt;cond&gt;, label &lt;iftrue&gt;, label &lt;iffalse&gt;<br> br label &lt;dest&gt; <i>; Unconditional branch</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2083</pre>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2084<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2085<p>The '<tt>br</tt>' instruction is used to cause control flow to
2086transfer to a different basic block in the current function. There are
2087two forms of this instruction, corresponding to a conditional branch
2088and an unconditional branch.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2089<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2090<p>The conditional branch form of the '<tt>br</tt>' instruction takes a
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2091single '<tt>i1</tt>' value and two '<tt>label</tt>' values. The
Reid Spencer50c723a2007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]2092unconditional form of the '<tt>br</tt>' instruction takes a single
2093'<tt>label</tt>' value as a target.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2094<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2095<p>Upon execution of a conditional '<tt>br</tt>' instruction, the '<tt>i1</tt>'
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2096argument is evaluated. If the value is <tt>true</tt>, control flows
2097to the '<tt>iftrue</tt>' <tt>label</tt> argument. If "cond" is <tt>false</tt>,
2098control flows to the '<tt>iffalse</tt>' <tt>label</tt> argument.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2099<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2100<pre>Test:<br> %cond = <a href="#i_icmp">icmp</a> eq, i32 %a, %b<br> br i1 %cond, label %IfEqual, label %IfUnequal<br>IfEqual:<br> <a
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2101 href="#i_ret">ret</a> i32 1<br>IfUnequal:<br> <a href="#i_ret">ret</a> i32 0<br></pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2102</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2103<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2104<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2105 <a name="i_switch">'<tt>switch</tt>' Instruction</a>
2106</div>
2107
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2108<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2109<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2110
2111<pre>
2112 switch &lt;intty&gt; &lt;value&gt;, label &lt;defaultdest&gt; [ &lt;intty&gt; &lt;val&gt;, label &lt;dest&gt; ... ]
2113</pre>
2114
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2115<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2116
2117<p>The '<tt>switch</tt>' instruction is used to transfer control flow to one of
2118several different places. It is a generalization of the '<tt>br</tt>'
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2119instruction, allowing a branch to occur to one of many possible
2120destinations.</p>
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2121
2122
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2123<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2124
2125<p>The '<tt>switch</tt>' instruction uses three parameters: an integer
2126comparison value '<tt>value</tt>', a default '<tt>label</tt>' destination, and
2127an array of pairs of comparison value constants and '<tt>label</tt>'s. The
2128table is not allowed to contain duplicate constant entries.</p>
2129
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2130<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2131
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2132<p>The <tt>switch</tt> instruction specifies a table of values and
2133destinations. When the '<tt>switch</tt>' instruction is executed, this
John Criswellbcbb18c2004-06-25 16:05:06 +0000[diff] [blame]2134table is searched for the given value. If the value is found, control flow is
2135transfered to the corresponding destination; otherwise, control flow is
2136transfered to the default destination.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2137
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2138<h5>Implementation:</h5>
2139
2140<p>Depending on properties of the target machine and the particular
2141<tt>switch</tt> instruction, this instruction may be code generated in different
John Criswellbcbb18c2004-06-25 16:05:06 +0000[diff] [blame]2142ways. For example, it could be generated as a series of chained conditional
2143branches or with a lookup table.</p>
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2144
2145<h5>Example:</h5>
2146
2147<pre>
2148 <i>; Emulate a conditional br instruction</i>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2149 %Val = <a href="#i_zext">zext</a> i1 %value to i32
Dan Gohman623806e2009-01-04 23:44:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2150 switch i32 %Val, label %truedest [ i32 0, label %falsedest ]
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2151
2152 <i>; Emulate an unconditional br instruction</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2153 switch i32 0, label %dest [ ]
Chris Lattnercf96c6c2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2154
2155 <i>; Implement a jump table:</i>
Dan Gohman623806e2009-01-04 23:44:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2156 switch i32 %val, label %otherwise [ i32 0, label %onzero
2157 i32 1, label %onone
2158 i32 2, label %ontwo ]
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2159</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2160</div>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2161
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2162<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2163<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2164 <a name="i_invoke">'<tt>invoke</tt>' Instruction</a>
2165</div>
2166
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2167<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2168
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2169<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2170
2171<pre>
Devang Patel02256232008-10-07 17:48:33 +0000[diff] [blame]2172 &lt;result&gt; = invoke [<a href="#callingconv">cconv</a>] [<a href="#paramattrs">ret attrs</a>] &lt;ptr to function ty&gt; &lt;function ptr val&gt;(&lt;function args&gt;) [<a href="#fnattrs">fn attrs</a>]
Chris Lattner6b7a0082006-05-14 18:23:06 +0000[diff] [blame]2173 to label &lt;normal label&gt; unwind label &lt;exception label&gt;
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2174</pre>
2175
Chris Lattnera8292f32002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]2176<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2177
2178<p>The '<tt>invoke</tt>' instruction causes control to transfer to a specified
2179function, with the possibility of control flow transfer to either the
John Criswell02fdc6f2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]2180'<tt>normal</tt>' label or the
2181'<tt>exception</tt>' label. If the callee function returns with the
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2182"<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>" instruction, control flow will return to the
2183"normal" label. If the callee (or any indirect callees) returns with the "<a
John Criswell02fdc6f2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]2184href="#i_unwind"><tt>unwind</tt></a>" instruction, control is interrupted and
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2185continued at the dynamically nearest "exception" label.</p>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2186
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2187<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2188
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2189<p>This instruction requires several arguments:</p>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2190
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2191<ol>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2192 <li>
Duncan Sands16f122e2007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]2193 The optional "cconv" marker indicates which <a href="#callingconv">calling
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2194 convention</a> the call should use. If none is specified, the call defaults
2195 to using C calling conventions.
2196 </li>
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2197
2198 <li>The optional <a href="#paramattrs">Parameter Attributes</a> list for
2199 return values. Only '<tt>zeroext</tt>', '<tt>signext</tt>',
2200 and '<tt>inreg</tt>' attributes are valid here.</li>
2201
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2202 <li>'<tt>ptr to function ty</tt>': shall be the signature of the pointer to
2203 function value being invoked. In most cases, this is a direct function
2204 invocation, but indirect <tt>invoke</tt>s are just as possible, branching off
2205 an arbitrary pointer to function value.
2206 </li>
2207
2208 <li>'<tt>function ptr val</tt>': An LLVM value containing a pointer to a
2209 function to be invoked. </li>
2210
2211 <li>'<tt>function args</tt>': argument list whose types match the function
2212 signature argument types. If the function signature indicates the function
2213 accepts a variable number of arguments, the extra arguments can be
2214 specified. </li>
2215
2216 <li>'<tt>normal label</tt>': the label reached when the called function
2217 executes a '<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>' instruction. </li>
2218
2219 <li>'<tt>exception label</tt>': the label reached when a callee returns with
2220 the <a href="#i_unwind"><tt>unwind</tt></a> instruction. </li>
2221
Devang Patel02256232008-10-07 17:48:33 +0000[diff] [blame]2222 <li>The optional <a href="#fnattrs">function attributes</a> list. Only
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2223 '<tt>noreturn</tt>', '<tt>nounwind</tt>', '<tt>readonly</tt>' and
2224 '<tt>readnone</tt>' attributes are valid here.</li>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2225</ol>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2226
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2227<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2228
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2229<p>This instruction is designed to operate as a standard '<tt><a
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2230href="#i_call">call</a></tt>' instruction in most regards. The primary
2231difference is that it establishes an association with a label, which is used by
2232the runtime library to unwind the stack.</p>
2233
2234<p>This instruction is used in languages with destructors to ensure that proper
2235cleanup is performed in the case of either a <tt>longjmp</tt> or a thrown
2236exception. Additionally, this is important for implementation of
2237'<tt>catch</tt>' clauses in high-level languages that support them.</p>
2238
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2239<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]2240<pre>
Nick Lewycky084ab472008-03-16 07:18:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2241 %retval = invoke i32 @Test(i32 15) to label %Continue
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2242 unwind label %TestCleanup <i>; {i32}:retval set</i>
Nick Lewycky084ab472008-03-16 07:18:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2243 %retval = invoke <a href="#callingconv">coldcc</a> i32 %Testfnptr(i32 15) to label %Continue
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2244 unwind label %TestCleanup <i>; {i32}:retval set</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2245</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2246</div>
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2247
2248
Chris Lattner5ed60612003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]2249<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2250
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2251<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_unwind">'<tt>unwind</tt>'
2252Instruction</a> </div>
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2253
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2254<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2255
Chris Lattner5ed60612003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]2256<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2257<pre>
2258 unwind
2259</pre>
2260
Chris Lattner5ed60612003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]2261<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2262
2263<p>The '<tt>unwind</tt>' instruction unwinds the stack, continuing control flow
2264at the first callee in the dynamic call stack which used an <a
2265href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a> instruction to perform the call. This is
2266primarily used to implement exception handling.</p>
2267
Chris Lattner5ed60612003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]2268<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2269
Chris Lattnerfe8519c2008-04-19 21:01:16 +0000[diff] [blame]2270<p>The '<tt>unwind</tt>' instruction causes execution of the current function to
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2271immediately halt. The dynamic call stack is then searched for the first <a
2272href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a> instruction on the call stack. Once found,
2273execution continues at the "exceptional" destination block specified by the
2274<tt>invoke</tt> instruction. If there is no <tt>invoke</tt> instruction in the
2275dynamic call chain, undefined behavior results.</p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2276</div>
Chris Lattner08b7d5b2004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2277
2278<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2279
2280<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_unreachable">'<tt>unreachable</tt>'
2281Instruction</a> </div>
2282
2283<div class="doc_text">
2284
2285<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2286<pre>
2287 unreachable
2288</pre>
2289
2290<h5>Overview:</h5>
2291
2292<p>The '<tt>unreachable</tt>' instruction has no defined semantics. This
2293instruction is used to inform the optimizer that a particular portion of the
2294code is not reachable. This can be used to indicate that the code after a
2295no-return function cannot be reached, and other facts.</p>
2296
2297<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2298
2299<p>The '<tt>unreachable</tt>' instruction has no defined semantics.</p>
2300</div>
2301
2302
2303
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2304<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2305<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="binaryops">Binary Operations</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2306<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2307<p>Binary operators are used to do most of the computation in a
Chris Lattner81f92972008-04-01 18:47:32 +0000[diff] [blame]2308program. They require two operands of the same type, execute an operation on them, and
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]2309produce a single value. The operands might represent
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2310multiple data, as is the case with the <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> data type.
Chris Lattner81f92972008-04-01 18:47:32 +0000[diff] [blame]2311The result value has the same type as its operands.</p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2312<p>There are several different binary operators:</p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2313</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2314<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2315<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2316 <a name="i_add">'<tt>add</tt>' Instruction</a>
2317</div>
2318
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2319<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2320
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2321<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2322
2323<pre>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2324 &lt;result&gt; = add &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2325</pre>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2326
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2327<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2328
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2329<p>The '<tt>add</tt>' instruction returns the sum of its two operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2330
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2331<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2332
2333<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>add</tt>' instruction must be <a
2334 href="#t_integer">integer</a>, <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>, or
2335 <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> values. Both arguments must have identical
2336 types.</p>
2337
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2338<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2339
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2340<p>The value produced is the integer or floating point sum of the two
2341operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2342
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2343<p>If an integer sum has unsigned overflow, the result returned is the
2344mathematical result modulo 2<sup>n</sup>, where n is the bit width of
2345the result.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2346
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2347<p>Because LLVM integers use a two's complement representation, this
2348instruction is appropriate for both signed and unsigned integers.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2349
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2350<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2351
2352<pre>
2353 &lt;result&gt; = add i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 + %var</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2354</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2355</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2356<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2357<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2358 <a name="i_sub">'<tt>sub</tt>' Instruction</a>
2359</div>
2360
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2361<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2362
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2363<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2364
2365<pre>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2366 &lt;result&gt; = sub &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2367</pre>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2368
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2369<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2370
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2371<p>The '<tt>sub</tt>' instruction returns the difference of its two
2372operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2373
2374<p>Note that the '<tt>sub</tt>' instruction is used to represent the
2375'<tt>neg</tt>' instruction present in most other intermediate
2376representations.</p>
2377
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2378<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2379
2380<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>sub</tt>' instruction must be <a
2381 href="#t_integer">integer</a>, <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>,
2382 or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> values. Both arguments must have identical
2383 types.</p>
2384
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2385<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2386
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2387<p>The value produced is the integer or floating point difference of
2388the two operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2389
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2390<p>If an integer difference has unsigned overflow, the result returned is the
2391mathematical result modulo 2<sup>n</sup>, where n is the bit width of
2392the result.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2393
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2394<p>Because LLVM integers use a two's complement representation, this
2395instruction is appropriate for both signed and unsigned integers.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2396
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2397<h5>Example:</h5>
Bill Wendling2d8b9a82007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2398<pre>
2399 &lt;result&gt; = sub i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 - %var</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2400 &lt;result&gt; = sub i32 0, %val <i>; yields {i32}:result = -%var</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2401</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2402</div>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2403
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2404<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2405<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2406 <a name="i_mul">'<tt>mul</tt>' Instruction</a>
2407</div>
2408
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2409<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2410
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2411<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2412<pre> &lt;result&gt; = mul &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2413</pre>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2414<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2415<p>The '<tt>mul</tt>' instruction returns the product of its two
2416operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2417
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2418<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2419
2420<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>mul</tt>' instruction must be <a
2421href="#t_integer">integer</a>, <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>,
2422or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> values. Both arguments must have identical
2423types.</p>
2424
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2425<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2426
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2427<p>The value produced is the integer or floating point product of the
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2428two operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2429
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2430<p>If the result of an integer multiplication has unsigned overflow,
2431the result returned is the mathematical result modulo
24322<sup>n</sup>, where n is the bit width of the result.</p>
2433<p>Because LLVM integers use a two's complement representation, and the
2434result is the same width as the operands, this instruction returns the
2435correct result for both signed and unsigned integers. If a full product
2436(e.g. <tt>i32</tt>x<tt>i32</tt>-><tt>i64</tt>) is needed, the operands
2437should be sign-extended or zero-extended as appropriate to the
2438width of the full product.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2439<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2440<pre> &lt;result&gt; = mul i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 * %var</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2441</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2442</div>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2443
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2444<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2445<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_udiv">'<tt>udiv</tt>' Instruction
2446</a></div>
2447<div class="doc_text">
2448<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2449<pre> &lt;result&gt; = udiv &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2450</pre>
2451<h5>Overview:</h5>
2452<p>The '<tt>udiv</tt>' instruction returns the quotient of its two
2453operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2454
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2455<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2456
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2457<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>udiv</tt>' instruction must be
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2458<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
2459values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
2460
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2461<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2462
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2463<p>The value produced is the unsigned integer quotient of the two operands.</p>
2464<p>Note that unsigned integer division and signed integer division are distinct
2465operations; for signed integer division, use '<tt>sdiv</tt>'.</p>
2466<p>Division by zero leads to undefined behavior.</p>
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2467<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2468<pre> &lt;result&gt; = udiv i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 / %var</i>
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2469</pre>
2470</div>
2471<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2472<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_sdiv">'<tt>sdiv</tt>' Instruction
2473</a> </div>
2474<div class="doc_text">
2475<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2476<pre>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2477 &lt;result&gt; = sdiv &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2478</pre>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2479
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2480<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2481
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2482<p>The '<tt>sdiv</tt>' instruction returns the quotient of its two
2483operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2484
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2485<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2486
2487<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>sdiv</tt>' instruction must be
2488<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
2489values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
2490
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2491<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner1429e6f2008-04-01 18:45:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2492<p>The value produced is the signed integer quotient of the two operands rounded towards zero.</p>
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2493<p>Note that signed integer division and unsigned integer division are distinct
2494operations; for unsigned integer division, use '<tt>udiv</tt>'.</p>
2495<p>Division by zero leads to undefined behavior. Overflow also leads to
2496undefined behavior; this is a rare case, but can occur, for example,
2497by doing a 32-bit division of -2147483648 by -1.</p>
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2498<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2499<pre> &lt;result&gt; = sdiv i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 / %var</i>
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2500</pre>
2501</div>
2502<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2503<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_fdiv">'<tt>fdiv</tt>'
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2504Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2505<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2506<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2507<pre>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2508 &lt;result&gt; = fdiv &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2509</pre>
2510<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2511
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2512<p>The '<tt>fdiv</tt>' instruction returns the quotient of its two
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2513operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2514
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2515<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2516
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2517<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>fdiv</tt>' instruction must be
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2518<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>
2519of floating point values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
2520
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2521<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2522
Reid Spencer7e80b0b2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2523<p>The value produced is the floating point quotient of the two operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2524
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2525<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2526
2527<pre>
2528 &lt;result&gt; = fdiv float 4.0, %var <i>; yields {float}:result = 4.0 / %var</i>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2529</pre>
2530</div>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2531
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2532<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2533<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_urem">'<tt>urem</tt>' Instruction</a>
2534</div>
2535<div class="doc_text">
2536<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2537<pre> &lt;result&gt; = urem &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2538</pre>
2539<h5>Overview:</h5>
2540<p>The '<tt>urem</tt>' instruction returns the remainder from the
2541unsigned division of its two arguments.</p>
2542<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2543<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>urem</tt>' instruction must be
2544<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
2545values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2546<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2547<p>This instruction returns the unsigned integer <i>remainder</i> of a division.
Chris Lattner1429e6f2008-04-01 18:45:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2548This instruction always performs an unsigned division to get the remainder.</p>
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2549<p>Note that unsigned integer remainder and signed integer remainder are
2550distinct operations; for signed integer remainder, use '<tt>srem</tt>'.</p>
2551<p>Taking the remainder of a division by zero leads to undefined behavior.</p>
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2552<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2553<pre> &lt;result&gt; = urem i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 % %var</i>
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2554</pre>
2555
2556</div>
2557<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2558<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2559 <a name="i_srem">'<tt>srem</tt>' Instruction</a>
2560</div>
2561
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2562<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2563
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2564<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2565
2566<pre>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2567 &lt;result&gt; = srem &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2568</pre>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2569
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2570<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2571
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2572<p>The '<tt>srem</tt>' instruction returns the remainder from the
Dan Gohman08143e32007-11-05 23:35:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2573signed division of its two operands. This instruction can also take
2574<a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions of the values in which case
2575the elements must be integers.</p>
Chris Lattnerb8f816e2008-01-04 04:33:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2576
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2577<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2578
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2579<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>srem</tt>' instruction must be
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2580<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
2581values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
2582
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2583<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2584
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2585<p>This instruction returns the <i>remainder</i> of a division (where the result
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2586has the same sign as the dividend, <tt>op1</tt>), not the <i>modulo</i>
2587operator (where the result has the same sign as the divisor, <tt>op2</tt>) of
Reid Spencer806ad6a2007-03-24 22:23:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2588a value. For more information about the difference, see <a
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2589 href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/problems/anne.4.28.99.html">The
Reid Spencer806ad6a2007-03-24 22:23:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2590Math Forum</a>. For a table of how this is implemented in various languages,
Reid Spencerdb3b93b2007-03-24 22:40:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2591please see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation">
Reid Spencer806ad6a2007-03-24 22:23:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2592Wikipedia: modulo operation</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner2f2427e2008-01-28 00:36:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2593<p>Note that signed integer remainder and unsigned integer remainder are
2594distinct operations; for unsigned integer remainder, use '<tt>urem</tt>'.</p>
2595<p>Taking the remainder of a division by zero leads to undefined behavior.
2596Overflow also leads to undefined behavior; this is a rare case, but can occur,
2597for example, by taking the remainder of a 32-bit division of -2147483648 by -1.
2598(The remainder doesn't actually overflow, but this rule lets srem be
2599implemented using instructions that return both the result of the division
2600and the remainder.)</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2601<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2602<pre> &lt;result&gt; = srem i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 % %var</i>
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2603</pre>
2604
2605</div>
2606<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2607<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2608 <a name="i_frem">'<tt>frem</tt>' Instruction</a> </div>
2609
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2610<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2611
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2612<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2613<pre> &lt;result&gt; = frem &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2614</pre>
2615<h5>Overview:</h5>
2616<p>The '<tt>frem</tt>' instruction returns the remainder from the
2617division of its two operands.</p>
2618<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2619<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>frem</tt>' instruction must be
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2620<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>
2621of floating point values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
2622
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2623<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2624
Chris Lattner1429e6f2008-04-01 18:45:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2625<p>This instruction returns the <i>remainder</i> of a division.
2626The remainder has the same sign as the dividend.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2627
Reid Spencer7eb55b32006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2628<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2629
2630<pre>
2631 &lt;result&gt; = frem float 4.0, %var <i>; yields {float}:result = 4.0 % %var</i>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2632</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2633</div>
Robert Bocchino820bc75b2006-02-17 21:18:08 +0000[diff] [blame]2634
Reid Spencer2ab01932007-02-02 13:57:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2635<!-- ======================================================================= -->
2636<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="bitwiseops">Bitwise Binary
2637Operations</a> </div>
2638<div class="doc_text">
2639<p>Bitwise binary operators are used to do various forms of
2640bit-twiddling in a program. They are generally very efficient
2641instructions and can commonly be strength reduced from other
Chris Lattner1429e6f2008-04-01 18:45:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2642instructions. They require two operands of the same type, execute an operation on them,
2643and produce a single value. The resulting value is the same type as its operands.</p>
Reid Spencer2ab01932007-02-02 13:57:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2644</div>
2645
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2646<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2647<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_shl">'<tt>shl</tt>'
2648Instruction</a> </div>
2649<div class="doc_text">
2650<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2651<pre> &lt;result&gt; = shl &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2652</pre>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2653
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2654<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2655
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2656<p>The '<tt>shl</tt>' instruction returns the first operand shifted to
2657the left a specified number of bits.</p>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2658
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2659<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2660
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2661<p>Both arguments to the '<tt>shl</tt>' instruction must be the same <a
Nate Begemanfecbc8c2008-07-29 15:49:41 +0000[diff] [blame]2662 href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2663type. '<tt>op2</tt>' is treated as an unsigned value.</p>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2664
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2665<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2666
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2667<p>The value produced is <tt>op1</tt> * 2<sup><tt>op2</tt></sup> mod 2<sup>n</sup>,
2668where n is the width of the result. If <tt>op2</tt> is (statically or dynamically) negative or
Mon P Wang68d4eee2008-12-10 08:55:09 +0000[diff] [blame]2669equal to or larger than the number of bits in <tt>op1</tt>, the result is undefined.
2670If the arguments are vectors, each vector element of <tt>op1</tt> is shifted by the
2671corresponding shift amount in <tt>op2</tt>.</p>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2672
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2673<h5>Example:</h5><pre>
2674 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}: 4 &lt;&lt; %var</i>
2675 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 4, 2 <i>; yields {i32}: 16</i>
2676 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 1, 10 <i>; yields {i32}: 1024</i>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2677 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 1, 32 <i>; undefined</i>
Mon P Wang4dd832d2008-12-09 05:46:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2678 &lt;result&gt; = shl &lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 1, i32 1&gt;, &lt; i32 1, i32 2&gt; <i>; yields: result=&lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 2, i32 4&gt;</i>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2679</pre>
2680</div>
2681<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2682<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_lshr">'<tt>lshr</tt>'
2683Instruction</a> </div>
2684<div class="doc_text">
2685<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2686<pre> &lt;result&gt; = lshr &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2687</pre>
2688
2689<h5>Overview:</h5>
2690<p>The '<tt>lshr</tt>' instruction (logical shift right) returns the first
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2691operand shifted to the right a specified number of bits with zero fill.</p>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2692
2693<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2694<p>Both arguments to the '<tt>lshr</tt>' instruction must be the same
Nate Begemanfecbc8c2008-07-29 15:49:41 +0000[diff] [blame]2695<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2696type. '<tt>op2</tt>' is treated as an unsigned value.</p>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2697
2698<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2699
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2700<p>This instruction always performs a logical shift right operation. The most
2701significant bits of the result will be filled with zero bits after the
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2702shift. If <tt>op2</tt> is (statically or dynamically) equal to or larger than
Mon P Wang68d4eee2008-12-10 08:55:09 +0000[diff] [blame]2703the number of bits in <tt>op1</tt>, the result is undefined. If the arguments are
2704vectors, each vector element of <tt>op1</tt> is shifted by the corresponding shift
2705amount in <tt>op2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2706
2707<h5>Example:</h5>
2708<pre>
2709 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i32 4, 1 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 2</i>
2710 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i32 4, 2 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 1</i>
2711 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i8 4, 3 <i>; yields {i8}:result = 0</i>
2712 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i8 -2, 1 <i>; yields {i8}:result = 0x7FFFFFFF </i>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2713 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i32 1, 32 <i>; undefined</i>
Mon P Wang4dd832d2008-12-09 05:46:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2714 &lt;result&gt; = lshr &lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 -2, i32 4&gt;, &lt; i32 1, i32 2&gt; <i>; yields: result=&lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 0x7FFFFFFF, i32 1&gt;</i>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2715</pre>
2716</div>
2717
Reid Spencer2ab01932007-02-02 13:57:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2718<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2719<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_ashr">'<tt>ashr</tt>'
2720Instruction</a> </div>
2721<div class="doc_text">
2722
2723<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2724<pre> &lt;result&gt; = ashr &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2725</pre>
2726
2727<h5>Overview:</h5>
2728<p>The '<tt>ashr</tt>' instruction (arithmetic shift right) returns the first
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2729operand shifted to the right a specified number of bits with sign extension.</p>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2730
2731<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2732<p>Both arguments to the '<tt>ashr</tt>' instruction must be the same
Nate Begemanfecbc8c2008-07-29 15:49:41 +0000[diff] [blame]2733<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2734type. '<tt>op2</tt>' is treated as an unsigned value.</p>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2735
2736<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2737<p>This instruction always performs an arithmetic shift right operation,
2738The most significant bits of the result will be filled with the sign bit
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2739of <tt>op1</tt>. If <tt>op2</tt> is (statically or dynamically) equal to or
Mon P Wang68d4eee2008-12-10 08:55:09 +0000[diff] [blame]2740larger than the number of bits in <tt>op1</tt>, the result is undefined. If the
2741arguments are vectors, each vector element of <tt>op1</tt> is shifted by the
2742corresponding shift amount in <tt>op2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2743
2744<h5>Example:</h5>
2745<pre>
2746 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i32 4, 1 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 2</i>
2747 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i32 4, 2 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 1</i>
2748 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i8 4, 3 <i>; yields {i8}:result = 0</i>
2749 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i8 -2, 1 <i>; yields {i8}:result = -1</i>
Chris Lattnerf0e50112007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2750 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i32 1, 32 <i>; undefined</i>
Mon P Wang4dd832d2008-12-09 05:46:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2751 &lt;result&gt; = ashr &lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 -2, i32 4&gt;, &lt; i32 1, i32 3&gt; <i>; yields: result=&lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 -1, i32 0&gt;</i>
Reid Spencer04e259b2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2752</pre>
2753</div>
2754
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2755<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2756<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_and">'<tt>and</tt>'
2757Instruction</a> </div>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2758
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2759<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2760
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2761<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2762
2763<pre>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2764 &lt;result&gt; = and &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2765</pre>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2766
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2767<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2768
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2769<p>The '<tt>and</tt>' instruction returns the bitwise logical and of
2770its two operands.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2771
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2772<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2773
2774<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>and</tt>' instruction must be
2775<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
2776values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
2777
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2778<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2779<p>The truth table used for the '<tt>and</tt>' instruction is:</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2780<p> </p>
Bill Wendling5703c6e2008-09-07 10:29:20 +0000[diff] [blame]2781<div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2782<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2783 <tbody>
2784 <tr>
2785 <td>In0</td>
2786 <td>In1</td>
2787 <td>Out</td>
2788 </tr>
2789 <tr>
2790 <td>0</td>
2791 <td>0</td>
2792 <td>0</td>
2793 </tr>
2794 <tr>
2795 <td>0</td>
2796 <td>1</td>
2797 <td>0</td>
2798 </tr>
2799 <tr>
2800 <td>1</td>
2801 <td>0</td>
2802 <td>0</td>
2803 </tr>
2804 <tr>
2805 <td>1</td>
2806 <td>1</td>
2807 <td>1</td>
2808 </tr>
2809 </tbody>
2810</table>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2811</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2812<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2813<pre>
2814 &lt;result&gt; = and i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 &amp; %var</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2815 &lt;result&gt; = and i32 15, 40 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 8</i>
2816 &lt;result&gt; = and i32 4, 8 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 0</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2817</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2818</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2819<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2820<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_or">'<tt>or</tt>' Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2821<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2822<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2823<pre> &lt;result&gt; = or &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2824</pre>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2825<h5>Overview:</h5>
2826<p>The '<tt>or</tt>' instruction returns the bitwise logical inclusive
2827or of its two operands.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2828<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2829
2830<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>or</tt>' instruction must be
2831<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
2832values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2833<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2834<p>The truth table used for the '<tt>or</tt>' instruction is:</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2835<p> </p>
Bill Wendling5703c6e2008-09-07 10:29:20 +0000[diff] [blame]2836<div>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2837<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
2838 <tbody>
2839 <tr>
2840 <td>In0</td>
2841 <td>In1</td>
2842 <td>Out</td>
2843 </tr>
2844 <tr>
2845 <td>0</td>
2846 <td>0</td>
2847 <td>0</td>
2848 </tr>
2849 <tr>
2850 <td>0</td>
2851 <td>1</td>
2852 <td>1</td>
2853 </tr>
2854 <tr>
2855 <td>1</td>
2856 <td>0</td>
2857 <td>1</td>
2858 </tr>
2859 <tr>
2860 <td>1</td>
2861 <td>1</td>
2862 <td>1</td>
2863 </tr>
2864 </tbody>
2865</table>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2866</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2867<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2868<pre> &lt;result&gt; = or i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 | %var</i>
2869 &lt;result&gt; = or i32 15, 40 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 47</i>
2870 &lt;result&gt; = or i32 4, 8 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 12</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2871</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2872</div>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2873<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2874<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_xor">'<tt>xor</tt>'
2875Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2876<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2877<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]2878<pre> &lt;result&gt; = xor &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2879</pre>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2880<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2881<p>The '<tt>xor</tt>' instruction returns the bitwise logical exclusive
2882or of its two operands. The <tt>xor</tt> is used to implement the
2883"one's complement" operation, which is the "~" operator in C.</p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2884<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2885<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>xor</tt>' instruction must be
2886<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of integer
2887values. Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
2888
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2889<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2890
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2891<p>The truth table used for the '<tt>xor</tt>' instruction is:</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2892<p> </p>
Bill Wendling5703c6e2008-09-07 10:29:20 +0000[diff] [blame]2893<div>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2894<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
2895 <tbody>
2896 <tr>
2897 <td>In0</td>
2898 <td>In1</td>
2899 <td>Out</td>
2900 </tr>
2901 <tr>
2902 <td>0</td>
2903 <td>0</td>
2904 <td>0</td>
2905 </tr>
2906 <tr>
2907 <td>0</td>
2908 <td>1</td>
2909 <td>1</td>
2910 </tr>
2911 <tr>
2912 <td>1</td>
2913 <td>0</td>
2914 <td>1</td>
2915 </tr>
2916 <tr>
2917 <td>1</td>
2918 <td>1</td>
2919 <td>0</td>
2920 </tr>
2921 </tbody>
2922</table>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2923</div>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2924<p> </p>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2925<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2926<pre> &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 ^ %var</i>
2927 &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 15, 40 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 39</i>
2928 &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 4, 8 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 12</i>
2929 &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 %V, -1 <i>; yields {i32}:result = ~%V</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2930</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2931</div>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2932
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2933<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2934<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2935 <a name="vectorops">Vector Operations</a>
2936</div>
2937
2938<div class="doc_text">
2939
2940<p>LLVM supports several instructions to represent vector operations in a
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2941target-independent manner. These instructions cover the element-access and
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2942vector-specific operations needed to process vectors effectively. While LLVM
2943does directly support these vector operations, many sophisticated algorithms
2944will want to use target-specific intrinsics to take full advantage of a specific
2945target.</p>
2946
2947</div>
2948
2949<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2950<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2951 <a name="i_extractelement">'<tt>extractelement</tt>' Instruction</a>
2952</div>
2953
2954<div class="doc_text">
2955
2956<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2957
2958<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2959 &lt;result&gt; = extractelement &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;val&gt;, i32 &lt;idx&gt; <i>; yields &lt;ty&gt;</i>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2960</pre>
2961
2962<h5>Overview:</h5>
2963
2964<p>
2965The '<tt>extractelement</tt>' instruction extracts a single scalar
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2966element from a vector at a specified index.
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2967</p>
2968
2969
2970<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2971
2972<p>
2973The first operand of an '<tt>extractelement</tt>' instruction is a
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2974value of <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> type. The second operand is
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2975an index indicating the position from which to extract the element.
2976The index may be a variable.</p>
2977
2978<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2979
2980<p>
2981The result is a scalar of the same type as the element type of
2982<tt>val</tt>. Its value is the value at position <tt>idx</tt> of
2983<tt>val</tt>. If <tt>idx</tt> exceeds the length of <tt>val</tt>, the
2984results are undefined.
2985</p>
2986
2987<h5>Example:</h5>
2988
2989<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2990 %result = extractelement &lt;4 x i32&gt; %vec, i32 0 <i>; yields i32</i>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2991</pre>
2992</div>
2993
2994
2995<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2996<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2997 <a name="i_insertelement">'<tt>insertelement</tt>' Instruction</a>
2998</div>
2999
3000<div class="doc_text">
3001
3002<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3003
3004<pre>
Dan Gohman43ba0672008-05-12 23:38:42 +0000[diff] [blame]3005 &lt;result&gt; = insertelement &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;val&gt;, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;elt&gt;, i32 &lt;idx&gt; <i>; yields &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt;</i>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3006</pre>
3007
3008<h5>Overview:</h5>
3009
3010<p>
3011The '<tt>insertelement</tt>' instruction inserts a scalar
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]3012element into a vector at a specified index.
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3013</p>
3014
3015
3016<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3017
3018<p>
3019The first operand of an '<tt>insertelement</tt>' instruction is a
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]3020value of <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> type. The second operand is a
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3021scalar value whose type must equal the element type of the first
3022operand. The third operand is an index indicating the position at
3023which to insert the value. The index may be a variable.</p>
3024
3025<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3026
3027<p>
Reid Spencer404a3252007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]3028The result is a vector of the same type as <tt>val</tt>. Its
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3029element values are those of <tt>val</tt> except at position
3030<tt>idx</tt>, where it gets the value <tt>elt</tt>. If <tt>idx</tt>
3031exceeds the length of <tt>val</tt>, the results are undefined.
3032</p>
3033
3034<h5>Example:</h5>
3035
3036<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3037 %result = insertelement &lt;4 x i32&gt; %vec, i32 1, i32 0 <i>; yields &lt;4 x i32&gt;</i>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3038</pre>
3039</div>
3040
3041<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3042<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3043 <a name="i_shufflevector">'<tt>shufflevector</tt>' Instruction</a>
3044</div>
3045
3046<div class="doc_text">
3047
3048<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3049
3050<pre>
Mon P Wang25f01062008-11-10 04:46:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3051 &lt;result&gt; = shufflevector &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;v1&gt;, &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;v2&gt;, &lt;m x i32&gt; &lt;mask&gt; <i>; yields &lt;m x &lt;ty&gt;&gt;</i>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3052</pre>
3053
3054<h5>Overview:</h5>
3055
3056<p>
3057The '<tt>shufflevector</tt>' instruction constructs a permutation of elements
Mon P Wang25f01062008-11-10 04:46:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3058from two input vectors, returning a vector with the same element type as
3059the input and length that is the same as the shuffle mask.
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3060</p>
3061
3062<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3063
3064<p>
Mon P Wang25f01062008-11-10 04:46:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3065The first two operands of a '<tt>shufflevector</tt>' instruction are vectors
3066with types that match each other. The third argument is a shuffle mask whose
3067element type is always 'i32'. The result of the instruction is a vector whose
3068length is the same as the shuffle mask and whose element type is the same as
3069the element type of the first two operands.
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3070</p>
3071
3072<p>
3073The shuffle mask operand is required to be a constant vector with either
3074constant integer or undef values.
3075</p>
3076
3077<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3078
3079<p>
3080The elements of the two input vectors are numbered from left to right across
3081both of the vectors. The shuffle mask operand specifies, for each element of
Mon P Wang25f01062008-11-10 04:46:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3082the result vector, which element of the two input vectors the result element
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3083gets. The element selector may be undef (meaning "don't care") and the second
3084operand may be undef if performing a shuffle from only one vector.
3085</p>
3086
3087<h5>Example:</h5>
3088
3089<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3090 %result = shufflevector &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v1, &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v2,
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]3091 &lt;4 x i32&gt; &lt;i32 0, i32 4, i32 1, i32 5&gt; <i>; yields &lt;4 x i32&gt;</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3092 %result = shufflevector &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v1, &lt;4 x i32&gt; undef,
3093 &lt;4 x i32&gt; &lt;i32 0, i32 1, i32 2, i32 3&gt; <i>; yields &lt;4 x i32&gt;</i> - Identity shuffle.
Mon P Wang25f01062008-11-10 04:46:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3094 %result = shufflevector &lt;8 x i32&gt; %v1, &lt;8 x i32&gt; undef,
3095 &lt;4 x i32&gt; &lt;i32 0, i32 1, i32 2, i32 3&gt; <i>; yields &lt;4 x i32&gt;</i>
3096 %result = shufflevector &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v1, &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v2,
3097 &lt;8 x i32&gt; &lt;i32 0, i32 1, i32 2, i32 3, i32 4, i32 5, i32 6, i32 7 &gt; <i>; yields &lt;8 x i32&gt;</i>
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3098</pre>
3099</div>
3100
Tanya Lattnerb138bbe2006-04-14 19:24:33 +0000[diff] [blame]3101
Chris Lattnerce83bff2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3102<!-- ======================================================================= -->
3103<div class="doc_subsection">
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3104 <a name="aggregateops">Aggregate Operations</a>
3105</div>
3106
3107<div class="doc_text">
3108
3109<p>LLVM supports several instructions for working with aggregate values.
3110</p>
3111
3112</div>
3113
3114<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3115<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3116 <a name="i_extractvalue">'<tt>extractvalue</tt>' Instruction</a>
3117</div>
3118
3119<div class="doc_text">
3120
3121<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3122
3123<pre>
3124 &lt;result&gt; = extractvalue &lt;aggregate type&gt; &lt;val&gt;, &lt;idx&gt;{, &lt;idx&gt;}*
3125</pre>
3126
3127<h5>Overview:</h5>
3128
3129<p>
Dan Gohman35a835c2008-05-13 18:16:06 +0000[diff] [blame]3130The '<tt>extractvalue</tt>' instruction extracts the value of a struct field
3131or array element from an aggregate value.
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3132</p>
3133
3134
3135<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3136
3137<p>
3138The first operand of an '<tt>extractvalue</tt>' instruction is a
3139value of <a href="#t_struct">struct</a> or <a href="#t_array">array</a>
Dan Gohman35a835c2008-05-13 18:16:06 +0000[diff] [blame]3140type. The operands are constant indices to specify which value to extract
Dan Gohman1ecaf452008-05-31 00:58:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3141in a similar manner as indices in a
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3142'<tt><a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a></tt>' instruction.
3143</p>
3144
3145<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3146
3147<p>
3148The result is the value at the position in the aggregate specified by
3149the index operands.
3150</p>
3151
3152<h5>Example:</h5>
3153
3154<pre>
Dan Gohman1ecaf452008-05-31 00:58:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3155 %result = extractvalue {i32, float} %agg, 0 <i>; yields i32</i>
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3156</pre>
3157</div>
3158
3159
3160<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3161<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3162 <a name="i_insertvalue">'<tt>insertvalue</tt>' Instruction</a>
3163</div>
3164
3165<div class="doc_text">
3166
3167<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3168
3169<pre>
Dan Gohman1ecaf452008-05-31 00:58:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3170 &lt;result&gt; = insertvalue &lt;aggregate type&gt; &lt;val&gt;, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;val&gt;, &lt;idx&gt; <i>; yields &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt;</i>
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3171</pre>
3172
3173<h5>Overview:</h5>
3174
3175<p>
3176The '<tt>insertvalue</tt>' instruction inserts a value
Dan Gohman35a835c2008-05-13 18:16:06 +0000[diff] [blame]3177into a struct field or array element in an aggregate.
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3178</p>
3179
3180
3181<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3182
3183<p>
3184The first operand of an '<tt>insertvalue</tt>' instruction is a
3185value of <a href="#t_struct">struct</a> or <a href="#t_array">array</a> type.
3186The second operand is a first-class value to insert.
Dan Gohman34d1c0d2008-05-23 21:53:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3187The following operands are constant indices
Dan Gohman1ecaf452008-05-31 00:58:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3188indicating the position at which to insert the value in a similar manner as
Dan Gohman35a835c2008-05-13 18:16:06 +0000[diff] [blame]3189indices in a
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3190'<tt><a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a></tt>' instruction.
3191The value to insert must have the same type as the value identified
Dan Gohman35a835c2008-05-13 18:16:06 +0000[diff] [blame]3192by the indices.
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3193</p>
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3194
3195<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3196
3197<p>
3198The result is an aggregate of the same type as <tt>val</tt>. Its
3199value is that of <tt>val</tt> except that the value at the position
Dan Gohman35a835c2008-05-13 18:16:06 +0000[diff] [blame]3200specified by the indices is that of <tt>elt</tt>.
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3201</p>
3202
3203<h5>Example:</h5>
3204
3205<pre>
Dan Gohman88ce1a52008-06-23 15:26:37 +0000[diff] [blame]3206 %result = insertvalue {i32, float} %agg, i32 1, 0 <i>; yields {i32, float}</i>
Dan Gohmanb9d66602008-05-12 23:51:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3207</pre>
3208</div>
3209
3210
3211<!-- ======================================================================= -->
3212<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner6ab66722006-08-15 00:45:58 +0000[diff] [blame]3213 <a name="memoryops">Memory Access and Addressing Operations</a>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3214</div>
3215
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3216<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3217
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3218<p>A key design point of an SSA-based representation is how it
3219represents memory. In LLVM, no memory locations are in SSA form, which
3220makes things very simple. This section describes how to read, write,
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3221allocate, and free memory in LLVM.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3222
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3223</div>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3224
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3225<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3226<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3227 <a name="i_malloc">'<tt>malloc</tt>' Instruction</a>
3228</div>
3229
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3230<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3231
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3232<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3233
3234<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3235 &lt;result&gt; = malloc &lt;type&gt;[, i32 &lt;NumElements&gt;][, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {type*}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3236</pre>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3237
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3238<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3239
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3240<p>The '<tt>malloc</tt>' instruction allocates memory from the system
Christopher Lamb55c6d4f2007-12-17 01:00:21 +0000[diff] [blame]3241heap and returns a pointer to it. The object is always allocated in the generic
3242address space (address space zero).</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3243
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3244<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3245
3246<p>The '<tt>malloc</tt>' instruction allocates
3247<tt>sizeof(&lt;type&gt;)*NumElements</tt>
John Criswella92e5862004-02-24 16:13:56 +0000[diff] [blame]3248bytes of memory from the operating system and returns a pointer of the
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3249appropriate type to the program. If "NumElements" is specified, it is the
Gabor Greifdd1fc982008-02-09 22:24:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3250number of elements allocated, otherwise "NumElements" is defaulted to be one.
Chris Lattner1f17cce2008-04-02 00:38:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3251If a constant alignment is specified, the value result of the allocation is guaranteed to
Gabor Greifdd1fc982008-02-09 22:24:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3252be aligned to at least that boundary. If not specified, or if zero, the target can
3253choose to align the allocation on any convenient boundary.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3254
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3255<p>'<tt>type</tt>' must be a sized type.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3256
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3257<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3258
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3259<p>Memory is allocated using the system "<tt>malloc</tt>" function, and
Nick Lewyckyf5ffcbc2008-11-24 03:41:24 +0000[diff] [blame]3260a pointer is returned. The result of a zero byte allocation is undefined. The
Chris Lattnerfe8519c2008-04-19 21:01:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3261result is null if there is insufficient memory available.</p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3262
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3263<h5>Example:</h5>
3264
3265<pre>
Dan Gohman7a5acb52009-01-04 23:49:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3266 %array = malloc [4 x i8] <i>; yields {[%4 x i8]*}:array</i>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3267
Bill Wendling2d8b9a82007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3268 %size = <a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 2, 2 <i>; yields {i32}:size = i32 4</i>
3269 %array1 = malloc i8, i32 4 <i>; yields {i8*}:array1</i>
3270 %array2 = malloc [12 x i8], i32 %size <i>; yields {[12 x i8]*}:array2</i>
3271 %array3 = malloc i32, i32 4, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:array3</i>
3272 %array4 = malloc i32, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:array4</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3273</pre>
Dan Gohman3065b612009-01-12 23:12:39 +0000[diff] [blame]3274
3275<p>Note that the code generator does not yet respect the
3276 alignment value.</p>
3277
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3278</div>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3279
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3280<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3281<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3282 <a name="i_free">'<tt>free</tt>' Instruction</a>
3283</div>
3284
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3285<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3286
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3287<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3288
3289<pre>
Dan Gohman7a5acb52009-01-04 23:49:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3290 free &lt;type&gt; &lt;value&gt; <i>; yields {void}</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3291</pre>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3292
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3293<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3294
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3295<p>The '<tt>free</tt>' instruction returns memory back to the unused
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]3296memory heap to be reallocated in the future.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3297
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3298<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3299
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3300<p>'<tt>value</tt>' shall be a pointer value that points to a value
3301that was allocated with the '<tt><a href="#i_malloc">malloc</a></tt>'
3302instruction.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3303
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3304<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3305
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3306<p>Access to the memory pointed to by the pointer is no longer defined
Chris Lattner0f103e12008-04-19 22:41:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3307after this instruction executes. If the pointer is null, the operation
3308is a noop.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3309
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3310<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3311
3312<pre>
Dan Gohman7a5acb52009-01-04 23:49:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3313 %array = <a href="#i_malloc">malloc</a> [4 x i8] <i>; yields {[4 x i8]*}:array</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3314 free [4 x i8]* %array
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3315</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3316</div>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3317
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3318<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3319<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3320 <a name="i_alloca">'<tt>alloca</tt>' Instruction</a>
3321</div>
3322
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3323<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3324
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3325<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3326
3327<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3328 &lt;result&gt; = alloca &lt;type&gt;[, i32 &lt;NumElements&gt;][, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {type*}:result</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3329</pre>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3330
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3331<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3332
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]3333<p>The '<tt>alloca</tt>' instruction allocates memory on the stack frame of the
3334currently executing function, to be automatically released when this function
Christopher Lamb55c6d4f2007-12-17 01:00:21 +0000[diff] [blame]3335returns to its caller. The object is always allocated in the generic address
3336space (address space zero).</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3337
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3338<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3339
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3340<p>The '<tt>alloca</tt>' instruction allocates <tt>sizeof(&lt;type&gt;)*NumElements</tt>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3341bytes of memory on the runtime stack, returning a pointer of the
Gabor Greifdd1fc982008-02-09 22:24:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3342appropriate type to the program. If "NumElements" is specified, it is the
3343number of elements allocated, otherwise "NumElements" is defaulted to be one.
Chris Lattner1f17cce2008-04-02 00:38:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3344If a constant alignment is specified, the value result of the allocation is guaranteed
Gabor Greifdd1fc982008-02-09 22:24:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3345to be aligned to at least that boundary. If not specified, or if zero, the target
3346can choose to align the allocation on any convenient boundary.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3347
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3348<p>'<tt>type</tt>' may be any sized type.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3349
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3350<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3351
Chris Lattnerfe8519c2008-04-19 21:01:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3352<p>Memory is allocated; a pointer is returned. The operation is undefiend if
3353there is insufficient stack space for the allocation. '<tt>alloca</tt>'d
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3354memory is automatically released when the function returns. The '<tt>alloca</tt>'
3355instruction is commonly used to represent automatic variables that must
3356have an address available. When the function returns (either with the <tt><a
John Criswellc932bef2005-05-12 16:55:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3357 href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt> or <tt><a href="#i_unwind">unwind</a></tt>
Chris Lattner1f17cce2008-04-02 00:38:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3358instructions), the memory is reclaimed. Allocating zero bytes
3359is legal, but the result is undefined.</p>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3360
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3361<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3362
3363<pre>
Dan Gohman7a5acb52009-01-04 23:49:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3364 %ptr = alloca i32 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
3365 %ptr = alloca i32, i32 4 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
3366 %ptr = alloca i32, i32 4, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
3367 %ptr = alloca i32, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3368</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3369</div>
Chris Lattner54611b42005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3370
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3371<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3372<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_load">'<tt>load</tt>'
3373Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3374<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3375<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Christopher Lambbff50202007-04-21 08:16:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3376<pre> &lt;result&gt; = load &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;]<br> &lt;result&gt; = volatile load &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;]<br></pre>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3377<h5>Overview:</h5>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3378<p>The '<tt>load</tt>' instruction is used to read from memory.</p>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3379<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3380<p>The argument to the '<tt>load</tt>' instruction specifies the memory
John Criswell4c0cf7f2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]3381address from which to load. The pointer must point to a <a
Chris Lattner10ee9652004-06-03 22:57:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3382 href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type. If the <tt>load</tt> is
John Criswell4c0cf7f2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]3383marked as <tt>volatile</tt>, then the optimizer is not allowed to modify
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3384the number or order of execution of this <tt>load</tt> with other
3385volatile <tt>load</tt> and <tt><a href="#i_store">store</a></tt>
3386instructions. </p>
Chris Lattner2a1993f2008-01-06 21:04:43 +0000[diff] [blame]3387<p>
Chris Lattner1f17cce2008-04-02 00:38:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3388The optional constant "align" argument specifies the alignment of the operation
Chris Lattner2a1993f2008-01-06 21:04:43 +0000[diff] [blame]3389(that is, the alignment of the memory address). A value of 0 or an
3390omitted "align" argument means that the operation has the preferential
3391alignment for the target. It is the responsibility of the code emitter
3392to ensure that the alignment information is correct. Overestimating
3393the alignment results in an undefined behavior. Underestimating the
3394alignment may produce less efficient code. An alignment of 1 is always
3395safe.
3396</p>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3397<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3398<p>The location of memory pointed to is loaded.</p>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3399<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3400<pre> %ptr = <a href="#i_alloca">alloca</a> i32 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3401 <a
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3402 href="#i_store">store</a> i32 3, i32* %ptr <i>; yields {void}</i>
3403 %val = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:val = i32 3</i>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3404</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3405</div>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3406<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3407<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_store">'<tt>store</tt>'
3408Instruction</a> </div>
Reid Spencera89fb182006-11-09 21:18:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3409<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3410<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Christopher Lambbff50202007-04-21 08:16:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3411<pre> store &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt;, &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {void}</i>
3412 volatile store &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt;, &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {void}</i>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3413</pre>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3414<h5>Overview:</h5>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3415<p>The '<tt>store</tt>' instruction is used to write to memory.</p>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3416<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3417<p>There are two arguments to the '<tt>store</tt>' instruction: a value
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]3418to store and an address at which to store it. The type of the '<tt>&lt;pointer&gt;</tt>'
Chris Lattner1f17cce2008-04-02 00:38:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3419operand must be a pointer to the <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type
3420of the '<tt>&lt;value&gt;</tt>'
John Criswell4a3327e2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]3421operand. If the <tt>store</tt> is marked as <tt>volatile</tt>, then the
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3422optimizer is not allowed to modify the number or order of execution of
3423this <tt>store</tt> with other volatile <tt>load</tt> and <tt><a
3424 href="#i_store">store</a></tt> instructions.</p>
Chris Lattner2a1993f2008-01-06 21:04:43 +0000[diff] [blame]3425<p>
Chris Lattner1f17cce2008-04-02 00:38:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3426The optional constant "align" argument specifies the alignment of the operation
Chris Lattner2a1993f2008-01-06 21:04:43 +0000[diff] [blame]3427(that is, the alignment of the memory address). A value of 0 or an
3428omitted "align" argument means that the operation has the preferential
3429alignment for the target. It is the responsibility of the code emitter
3430to ensure that the alignment information is correct. Overestimating
3431the alignment results in an undefined behavior. Underestimating the
3432alignment may produce less efficient code. An alignment of 1 is always
3433safe.
3434</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3435<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3436<p>The contents of memory are updated to contain '<tt>&lt;value&gt;</tt>'
3437at the location specified by the '<tt>&lt;pointer&gt;</tt>' operand.</p>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3438<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3439<pre> %ptr = <a href="#i_alloca">alloca</a> i32 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Bill Wendling8830ffe2007-10-22 05:10:05 +0000[diff] [blame]3440 store i32 3, i32* %ptr <i>; yields {void}</i>
3441 %val = <a href="#i_load">load</a> i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:val = i32 3</i>
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3442</pre>
Reid Spencer443460a2006-11-09 21:15:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3443</div>
3444
Chris Lattner095735d2002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3445<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3446<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3447 <a name="i_getelementptr">'<tt>getelementptr</tt>' Instruction</a>
3448</div>
3449
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3450<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3451<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3452<pre>
Matthijs Kooijman0e268272008-10-13 13:44:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3453 &lt;result&gt; = getelementptr &lt;pty&gt;* &lt;ptrval&gt;{, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;idx&gt;}*
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3454</pre>
3455
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3456<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3457
3458<p>
3459The '<tt>getelementptr</tt>' instruction is used to get the address of a
Matthijs Kooijman0e268272008-10-13 13:44:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3460subelement of an aggregate data structure. It performs address calculation only
3461and does not access memory.</p>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3462
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3463<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3464
Matthijs Kooijman0e268272008-10-13 13:44:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3465<p>The first argument is always a pointer, and forms the basis of the
3466calculation. The remaining arguments are indices, that indicate which of the
3467elements of the aggregate object are indexed. The interpretation of each index
3468is dependent on the type being indexed into. The first index always indexes the
3469pointer value given as the first argument, the second index indexes a value of
3470the type pointed to (not necessarily the value directly pointed to, since the
3471first index can be non-zero), etc. The first type indexed into must be a pointer
3472value, subsequent types can be arrays, vectors and structs. Note that subsequent
3473types being indexed into can never be pointers, since that would require loading
3474the pointer before continuing calculation.</p>
3475
3476<p>The type of each index argument depends on the type it is indexing into.
3477When indexing into a (packed) structure, only <tt>i32</tt> integer
3478<b>constants</b> are allowed. When indexing into an array, pointer or vector,
3479only integers of 32 or 64 bits are allowed (also non-constants). 32-bit values
3480will be sign extended to 64-bits if required.</p>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3481
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3482<p>For example, let's consider a C code fragment and how it gets
3483compiled to LLVM:</p>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3484
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3485<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3486<pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3487struct RT {
3488 char A;
Chris Lattnera446f1b2007-05-29 15:43:56 +0000[diff] [blame]3489 int B[10][20];
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3490 char C;
3491};
3492struct ST {
Chris Lattnera446f1b2007-05-29 15:43:56 +0000[diff] [blame]3493 int X;
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3494 double Y;
3495 struct RT Z;
3496};
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3497
Chris Lattnera446f1b2007-05-29 15:43:56 +0000[diff] [blame]3498int *foo(struct ST *s) {
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3499 return &amp;s[1].Z.B[5][13];
3500}
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3501</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3502</div>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3503
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3504<p>The LLVM code generated by the GCC frontend is:</p>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3505
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3506<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3507<pre>
Chris Lattnerbc088212009-01-11 20:53:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3508%RT = <a href="#namedtypes">type</a> { i8 , [10 x [20 x i32]], i8 }
3509%ST = <a href="#namedtypes">type</a> { i32, double, %RT }
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3510
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3511define i32* %foo(%ST* %s) {
3512entry:
3513 %reg = getelementptr %ST* %s, i32 1, i32 2, i32 1, i32 5, i32 13
3514 ret i32* %reg
3515}
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3516</pre>
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3517</div>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3518
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3519<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3520
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3521<p>In the example above, the first index is indexing into the '<tt>%ST*</tt>'
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3522type, which is a pointer, yielding a '<tt>%ST</tt>' = '<tt>{ i32, double, %RT
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3523}</tt>' type, a structure. The second index indexes into the third element of
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3524the structure, yielding a '<tt>%RT</tt>' = '<tt>{ i8 , [10 x [20 x i32]],
3525i8 }</tt>' type, another structure. The third index indexes into the second
3526element of the structure, yielding a '<tt>[10 x [20 x i32]]</tt>' type, an
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3527array. The two dimensions of the array are subscripted into, yielding an
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3528'<tt>i32</tt>' type. The '<tt>getelementptr</tt>' instruction returns a pointer
3529to this element, thus computing a value of '<tt>i32*</tt>' type.</p>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3530
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3531<p>Note that it is perfectly legal to index partially through a
3532structure, returning a pointer to an inner element. Because of this,
3533the LLVM code for the given testcase is equivalent to:</p>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3534
3535<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3536 define i32* %foo(%ST* %s) {
3537 %t1 = getelementptr %ST* %s, i32 1 <i>; yields %ST*:%t1</i>
Jeff Cohen5819f182007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]3538 %t2 = getelementptr %ST* %t1, i32 0, i32 2 <i>; yields %RT*:%t2</i>
3539 %t3 = getelementptr %RT* %t2, i32 0, i32 1 <i>; yields [10 x [20 x i32]]*:%t3</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3540 %t4 = getelementptr [10 x [20 x i32]]* %t3, i32 0, i32 5 <i>; yields [20 x i32]*:%t4</i>
3541 %t5 = getelementptr [20 x i32]* %t4, i32 0, i32 13 <i>; yields i32*:%t5</i>
3542 ret i32* %t5
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3543 }
Chris Lattnera8292f32002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3544</pre>
Chris Lattnerc0ad71e2005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3545
3546<p>Note that it is undefined to access an array out of bounds: array and
3547pointer indexes must always be within the defined bounds of the array type.
Chris Lattner851b7712008-04-24 05:59:56 +0000[diff] [blame]3548The one exception for this rule is zero length arrays. These arrays are
Chris Lattnerc0ad71e2005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3549defined to be accessible as variable length arrays, which requires access
3550beyond the zero'th element.</p>
3551
Chris Lattner6ab66722006-08-15 00:45:58 +0000[diff] [blame]3552<p>The getelementptr instruction is often confusing. For some more insight
3553into how it works, see <a href="GetElementPtr.html">the getelementptr
3554FAQ</a>.</p>
3555
Chris Lattner590645f2002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]3556<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerc0ad71e2005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3557
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3558<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3559 <i>; yields [12 x i8]*:aptr</i>
Matthijs Kooijman0e268272008-10-13 13:44:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3560 %aptr = getelementptr {i32, [12 x i8]}* %saptr, i64 0, i32 1
3561 <i>; yields i8*:vptr</i>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3562 %vptr = getelementptr {i32, &lt;2 x i8&gt;}* %svptr, i64 0, i32 1, i32 1
Matthijs Kooijman0e268272008-10-13 13:44:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3563 <i>; yields i8*:eptr</i>
3564 %eptr = getelementptr [12 x i8]* %aptr, i64 0, i32 1
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3565</pre>
Chris Lattner33fd7022004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3566</div>
Reid Spencer443460a2006-11-09 21:15:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3567
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3568<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3569<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="convertops">Conversion Operations</a>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3570</div>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3571<div class="doc_text">
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3572<p>The instructions in this category are the conversion instructions (casting)
3573which all take a single operand and a type. They perform various bit conversions
3574on the operand.</p>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3575</div>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3576
Chris Lattnera8292f32002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3577<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3578<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3579 <a name="i_trunc">'<tt>trunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3580</div>
3581<div class="doc_text">
3582
3583<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3584<pre>
3585 &lt;result&gt; = trunc &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3586</pre>
3587
3588<h5>Overview:</h5>
3589<p>
3590The '<tt>trunc</tt>' instruction truncates its operand to the type <tt>ty2</tt>.
3591</p>
3592
3593<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3594<p>
3595The '<tt>trunc</tt>' instruction takes a <tt>value</tt> to trunc, which must
3596be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type, and a type that specifies the size
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3597and type of the result, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3598type. The bit size of <tt>value</tt> must be larger than the bit size of
3599<tt>ty2</tt>. Equal sized types are not allowed.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3600
3601<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3602<p>
3603The '<tt>trunc</tt>' instruction truncates the high order bits in <tt>value</tt>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3604and converts the remaining bits to <tt>ty2</tt>. Since the source size must be
3605larger than the destination size, <tt>trunc</tt> cannot be a <i>no-op cast</i>.
3606It will always truncate bits.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3607
3608<h5>Example:</h5>
3609<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3610 %X = trunc i32 257 to i8 <i>; yields i8:1</i>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3611 %Y = trunc i32 123 to i1 <i>; yields i1:true</i>
3612 %Y = trunc i32 122 to i1 <i>; yields i1:false</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3613</pre>
3614</div>
3615
3616<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3617<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3618 <a name="i_zext">'<tt>zext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3619</div>
3620<div class="doc_text">
3621
3622<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3623<pre>
3624 &lt;result&gt; = zext &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3625</pre>
3626
3627<h5>Overview:</h5>
3628<p>The '<tt>zext</tt>' instruction zero extends its operand to type
3629<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3630
3631
3632<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3633<p>The '<tt>zext</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be of
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3634<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type, and a type to cast it to, which must
3635also be of <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type. The bit size of the
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3636<tt>value</tt> must be smaller than the bit size of the destination type,
3637<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3638
3639<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3640<p>The <tt>zext</tt> fills the high order bits of the <tt>value</tt> with zero
Chris Lattnerc87f3df2007-05-24 19:13:27 +0000[diff] [blame]3641bits until it reaches the size of the destination type, <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3642
Reid Spencer07c9c682007-01-12 15:46:11 +0000[diff] [blame]3643<p>When zero extending from i1, the result will always be either 0 or 1.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3644
3645<h5>Example:</h5>
3646<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3647 %X = zext i32 257 to i64 <i>; yields i64:257</i>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3648 %Y = zext i1 true to i32 <i>; yields i32:1</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3649</pre>
3650</div>
3651
3652<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3653<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3654 <a name="i_sext">'<tt>sext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3655</div>
3656<div class="doc_text">
3657
3658<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3659<pre>
3660 &lt;result&gt; = sext &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3661</pre>
3662
3663<h5>Overview:</h5>
3664<p>The '<tt>sext</tt>' sign extends <tt>value</tt> to the type <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3665
3666<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3667<p>
3668The '<tt>sext</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be of
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3669<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type, and a type to cast it to, which must
3670also be of <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type. The bit size of the
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3671<tt>value</tt> must be smaller than the bit size of the destination type,
3672<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3673
3674<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3675<p>
3676The '<tt>sext</tt>' instruction performs a sign extension by copying the sign
3677bit (highest order bit) of the <tt>value</tt> until it reaches the bit size of
Chris Lattnerc87f3df2007-05-24 19:13:27 +0000[diff] [blame]3678the type <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3679
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3680<p>When sign extending from i1, the extension always results in -1 or 0.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3681
3682<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3683<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3684 %X = sext i8 -1 to i16 <i>; yields i16 :65535</i>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3685 %Y = sext i1 true to i32 <i>; yields i32:-1</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3686</pre>
3687</div>
3688
3689<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3690<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer2e2740d2006-11-09 21:48:10 +0000[diff] [blame]3691 <a name="i_fptrunc">'<tt>fptrunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3692</div>
3693
3694<div class="doc_text">
3695
3696<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3697
3698<pre>
3699 &lt;result&gt; = fptrunc &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3700</pre>
3701
3702<h5>Overview:</h5>
3703<p>The '<tt>fptrunc</tt>' instruction truncates <tt>value</tt> to type
3704<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3705
3706
3707<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3708<p>The '<tt>fptrunc</tt>' instruction takes a <a href="#t_floating">floating
3709 point</a> value to cast and a <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to
3710cast it to. The size of <tt>value</tt> must be larger than the size of
3711<tt>ty2</tt>. This implies that <tt>fptrunc</tt> cannot be used to make a
3712<i>no-op cast</i>.</p>
3713
3714<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3715<p> The '<tt>fptrunc</tt>' instruction truncates a <tt>value</tt> from a larger
3716<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to a smaller
3717<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type. If the value cannot fit within
3718the destination type, <tt>ty2</tt>, then the results are undefined.</p>
Reid Spencer2e2740d2006-11-09 21:48:10 +0000[diff] [blame]3719
3720<h5>Example:</h5>
3721<pre>
3722 %X = fptrunc double 123.0 to float <i>; yields float:123.0</i>
3723 %Y = fptrunc double 1.0E+300 to float <i>; yields undefined</i>
3724</pre>
3725</div>
3726
3727<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3728<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3729 <a name="i_fpext">'<tt>fpext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3730</div>
3731<div class="doc_text">
3732
3733<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3734<pre>
3735 &lt;result&gt; = fpext &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3736</pre>
3737
3738<h5>Overview:</h5>
3739<p>The '<tt>fpext</tt>' extends a floating point <tt>value</tt> to a larger
3740floating point value.</p>
3741
3742<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3743<p>The '<tt>fpext</tt>' instruction takes a
3744<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> <tt>value</tt> to cast,
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3745and a <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to cast it to. The source
3746type must be smaller than the destination type.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3747
3748<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3749<p>The '<tt>fpext</tt>' instruction extends the <tt>value</tt> from a smaller
Duncan Sands16f122e2007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3750<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to a larger
3751<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type. The <tt>fpext</tt> cannot be
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3752used to make a <i>no-op cast</i> because it always changes bits. Use
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3753<tt>bitcast</tt> to make a <i>no-op cast</i> for a floating point cast.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3754
3755<h5>Example:</h5>
3756<pre>
3757 %X = fpext float 3.1415 to double <i>; yields double:3.1415</i>
3758 %Y = fpext float 1.0 to float <i>; yields float:1.0 (no-op)</i>
3759</pre>
3760</div>
3761
3762<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3763<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer2eadb532007-01-21 00:29:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3764 <a name="i_fptoui">'<tt>fptoui .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3765</div>
3766<div class="doc_text">
3767
3768<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3769<pre>
Reid Spencer753163d2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3770 &lt;result&gt; = fptoui &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3771</pre>
3772
3773<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer753163d2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3774<p>The '<tt>fptoui</tt>' converts a floating point <tt>value</tt> to its
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3775unsigned integer equivalent of type <tt>ty2</tt>.
3776</p>
3777
3778<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Reid Spencer753163d2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3779<p>The '<tt>fptoui</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3780scalar or vector <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> value, and a type
3781to cast it to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
3782type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector floating point type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a
3783vector integer type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3784
3785<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer753163d2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3786<p> The '<tt>fptoui</tt>' instruction converts its
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3787<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> operand into the nearest (rounding
3788towards zero) unsigned integer value. If the value cannot fit in <tt>ty2</tt>,
3789the results are undefined.</p>
3790
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3791<h5>Example:</h5>
3792<pre>
Reid Spencer753163d2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3793 %X = fptoui double 123.0 to i32 <i>; yields i32:123</i>
Chris Lattner5b95a172007-09-22 03:17:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3794 %Y = fptoui float 1.0E+300 to i1 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencer753163d2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3795 %X = fptoui float 1.04E+17 to i8 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3796</pre>
3797</div>
3798
3799<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3800<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3801 <a name="i_fptosi">'<tt>fptosi .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3802</div>
3803<div class="doc_text">
3804
3805<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3806<pre>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3807 &lt;result&gt; = fptosi &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3808</pre>
3809
3810<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3811<p>The '<tt>fptosi</tt>' instruction converts
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3812<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> <tt>value</tt> to type <tt>ty2</tt>.
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3813</p>
3814
Chris Lattnera8292f32002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3815<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3816<p> The '<tt>fptosi</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3817scalar or vector <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> value, and a type
3818to cast it to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
3819type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector floating point type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a
3820vector integer type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3821
Chris Lattnera8292f32002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3822<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3823<p>The '<tt>fptosi</tt>' instruction converts its
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3824<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> operand into the nearest (rounding
3825towards zero) signed integer value. If the value cannot fit in <tt>ty2</tt>,
3826the results are undefined.</p>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3827
Chris Lattner70de6632001-07-09 00:26:23 +0000[diff] [blame]3828<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3829<pre>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3830 %X = fptosi double -123.0 to i32 <i>; yields i32:-123</i>
Chris Lattner5b95a172007-09-22 03:17:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3831 %Y = fptosi float 1.0E-247 to i1 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3832 %X = fptosi float 1.04E+17 to i8 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3833</pre>
3834</div>
3835
3836<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3837<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3838 <a name="i_uitofp">'<tt>uitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3839</div>
3840<div class="doc_text">
3841
3842<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3843<pre>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3844 &lt;result&gt; = uitofp &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3845</pre>
3846
3847<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3848<p>The '<tt>uitofp</tt>' instruction regards <tt>value</tt> as an unsigned
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3849integer and converts that value to the <tt>ty2</tt> type.</p>
3850
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3851<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3852<p>The '<tt>uitofp</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
3853scalar or vector <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> value, and a type to cast it
3854to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>
3855type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector integer type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a vector
3856floating point type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3857
3858<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3859<p>The '<tt>uitofp</tt>' instruction interprets its operand as an unsigned
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3860integer quantity and converts it to the corresponding floating point value. If
Jeff Cohenbeccb742007-04-22 14:56:37 +0000[diff] [blame]3861the value cannot fit in the floating point value, the results are undefined.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3862
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3863<h5>Example:</h5>
3864<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3865 %X = uitofp i32 257 to float <i>; yields float:257.0</i>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3866 %Y = uitofp i8 -1 to double <i>; yields double:255.0</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3867</pre>
3868</div>
3869
3870<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3871<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3872 <a name="i_sitofp">'<tt>sitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3873</div>
3874<div class="doc_text">
3875
3876<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3877<pre>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3878 &lt;result&gt; = sitofp &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3879</pre>
3880
3881<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3882<p>The '<tt>sitofp</tt>' instruction regards <tt>value</tt> as a signed
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3883integer and converts that value to the <tt>ty2</tt> type.</p>
3884
3885<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Nate Begemand4d45c22007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3886<p>The '<tt>sitofp</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
3887scalar or vector <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> value, and a type to cast it
3888to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>
3889type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector integer type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a vector
3890floating point type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3891
3892<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer51b07252006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3893<p>The '<tt>sitofp</tt>' instruction interprets its operand as a signed
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3894integer quantity and converts it to the corresponding floating point value. If
Jeff Cohenbeccb742007-04-22 14:56:37 +0000[diff] [blame]3895the value cannot fit in the floating point value, the results are undefined.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3896
3897<h5>Example:</h5>
3898<pre>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3899 %X = sitofp i32 257 to float <i>; yields float:257.0</i>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3900 %Y = sitofp i8 -1 to double <i>; yields double:-1.0</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3901</pre>
3902</div>
3903
3904<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3905<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3906 <a name="i_ptrtoint">'<tt>ptrtoint .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3907</div>
3908<div class="doc_text">
3909
3910<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3911<pre>
3912 &lt;result&gt; = ptrtoint &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3913</pre>
3914
3915<h5>Overview:</h5>
3916<p>The '<tt>ptrtoint</tt>' instruction converts the pointer <tt>value</tt> to
3917the integer type <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3918
3919<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3920<p>The '<tt>ptrtoint</tt>' instruction takes a <tt>value</tt> to cast, which
Duncan Sands16f122e2007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3921must be a <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> value, and a type to cast it to
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3922<tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type.</p>
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3923
3924<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3925<p>The '<tt>ptrtoint</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to integer type
3926<tt>ty2</tt> by interpreting the pointer value as an integer and either
3927truncating or zero extending that value to the size of the integer type. If
3928<tt>value</tt> is smaller than <tt>ty2</tt> then a zero extension is done. If
3929<tt>value</tt> is larger than <tt>ty2</tt> then a truncation is done. If they
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3930are the same size, then nothing is done (<i>no-op cast</i>) other than a type
3931change.</p>
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3932
3933<h5>Example:</h5>
3934<pre>
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3935 %X = ptrtoint i32* %X to i8 <i>; yields truncation on 32-bit architecture</i>
3936 %Y = ptrtoint i32* %x to i64 <i>; yields zero extension on 32-bit architecture</i>
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3937</pre>
3938</div>
3939
3940<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3941<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3942 <a name="i_inttoptr">'<tt>inttoptr .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3943</div>
3944<div class="doc_text">
3945
3946<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3947<pre>
3948 &lt;result&gt; = inttoptr &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3949</pre>
3950
3951<h5>Overview:</h5>
3952<p>The '<tt>inttoptr</tt>' instruction converts an integer <tt>value</tt> to
3953a pointer type, <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3954
3955<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Duncan Sands16f122e2007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3956<p>The '<tt>inttoptr</tt>' instruction takes an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3957value to cast, and a type to cast it to, which must be a
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3958<a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> type.</p>
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3959
3960<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3961<p>The '<tt>inttoptr</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to type
3962<tt>ty2</tt> by applying either a zero extension or a truncation depending on
3963the size of the integer <tt>value</tt>. If <tt>value</tt> is larger than the
3964size of a pointer then a truncation is done. If <tt>value</tt> is smaller than
3965the size of a pointer then a zero extension is done. If they are the same size,
3966nothing is done (<i>no-op cast</i>).</p>
3967
3968<h5>Example:</h5>
3969<pre>
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3970 %X = inttoptr i32 255 to i32* <i>; yields zero extension on 64-bit architecture</i>
3971 %X = inttoptr i32 255 to i32* <i>; yields no-op on 32-bit architecture</i>
3972 %Y = inttoptr i64 0 to i32* <i>; yields truncation on 32-bit architecture</i>
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3973</pre>
3974</div>
3975
3976<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3977<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3978 <a name="i_bitcast">'<tt>bitcast .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3979</div>
3980<div class="doc_text">
3981
3982<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3983<pre>
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3984 &lt;result&gt; = bitcast &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3985</pre>
3986
3987<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]3988
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3989<p>The '<tt>bitcast</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to type
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3990<tt>ty2</tt> without changing any bits.</p>
3991
3992<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]3993
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3994<p>The '<tt>bitcast</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be
Dan Gohmanc05dca92008-09-08 16:45:59 +0000[diff] [blame]3995a non-aggregate first class value, and a type to cast it to, which must also be
3996a non-aggregate <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type. The bit sizes of
3997<tt>value</tt>
Reid Spencere3db84c2007-01-09 20:08:58 +0000[diff] [blame]3998and the destination type, <tt>ty2</tt>, must be identical. If the source
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]3999type is a pointer, the destination type must also be a pointer. This
4000instruction supports bitwise conversion of vectors to integers and to vectors
4001of other types (as long as they have the same size).</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]4002
4003<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer5b950642006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]4004<p>The '<tt>bitcast</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to type
Reid Spencerb7344ff2006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4005<tt>ty2</tt>. It is always a <i>no-op cast</i> because no bits change with
4006this conversion. The conversion is done as if the <tt>value</tt> had been
4007stored to memory and read back as type <tt>ty2</tt>. Pointer types may only be
4008converted to other pointer types with this instruction. To convert pointers to
4009other types, use the <a href="#i_inttoptr">inttoptr</a> or
4010<a href="#i_ptrtoint">ptrtoint</a> instructions first.</p>
Reid Spencer59b6b7d2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]4011
4012<h5>Example:</h5>
4013<pre>
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4014 %X = bitcast i8 255 to i8 <i>; yields i8 :-1</i>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4015 %Y = bitcast i32* %x to sint* <i>; yields sint*:%x</i>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4016 %Z = bitcast &lt;2 x int&gt; %V to i64; <i>; yields i64: %V</i>
Chris Lattner70de6632001-07-09 00:26:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4017</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4018</div>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4019
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4020<!-- ======================================================================= -->
4021<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="otherops">Other Operations</a> </div>
4022<div class="doc_text">
4023<p>The instructions in this category are the "miscellaneous"
4024instructions, which defy better classification.</p>
4025</div>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4026
4027<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4028<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="i_icmp">'<tt>icmp</tt>' Instruction</a>
4029</div>
4030<div class="doc_text">
4031<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4032<pre> &lt;result&gt; = icmp &lt;cond&gt; &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {i1} or {&lt;N x i1&gt;}:result</i>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4033</pre>
4034<h5>Overview:</h5>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4035<p>The '<tt>icmp</tt>' instruction returns a boolean value or
4036a vector of boolean values based on comparison
4037of its two integer, integer vector, or pointer operands.</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4038<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4039<p>The '<tt>icmp</tt>' instruction takes three operands. The first operand is
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4040the condition code indicating the kind of comparison to perform. It is not
4041a value, just a keyword. The possible condition code are:
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4042</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4043<ol>
4044 <li><tt>eq</tt>: equal</li>
4045 <li><tt>ne</tt>: not equal </li>
4046 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: unsigned greater than</li>
4047 <li><tt>uge</tt>: unsigned greater or equal</li>
4048 <li><tt>ult</tt>: unsigned less than</li>
4049 <li><tt>ule</tt>: unsigned less or equal</li>
4050 <li><tt>sgt</tt>: signed greater than</li>
4051 <li><tt>sge</tt>: signed greater or equal</li>
4052 <li><tt>slt</tt>: signed less than</li>
4053 <li><tt>sle</tt>: signed less or equal</li>
4054</ol>
Chris Lattnerc0f423a2007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4055<p>The remaining two arguments must be <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4056<a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a>
4057or integer <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> typed.
4058They must also be identical types.</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4059<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4060<p>The '<tt>icmp</tt>' compares <tt>op1</tt> and <tt>op2</tt> according to
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4061the condition code given as <tt>cond</tt>. The comparison performed always
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4062yields either an <a href="#t_primitive"><tt>i1</tt></a> or vector of <tt>i1</tt> result, as follows:
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4063</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4064<ol>
4065 <li><tt>eq</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if the operands are equal,
4066 <tt>false</tt> otherwise. No sign interpretation is necessary or performed.
4067 </li>
4068 <li><tt>ne</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if the operands are unequal,
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4069 <tt>false</tt> otherwise. No sign interpretation is necessary or performed.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4070 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4071 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is greater than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4072 <li><tt>uge</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4073 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4074 <li><tt>ult</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4075 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is less than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4076 <li><tt>ule</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4077 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4078 <li><tt>sgt</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4079 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is greater than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4080 <li><tt>sge</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4081 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4082 <li><tt>slt</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4083 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is less than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4084 <li><tt>sle</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4085 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>op1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4086</ol>
4087<p>If the operands are <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> typed, the pointer
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4088values are compared as if they were integers.</p>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4089<p>If the operands are integer vectors, then they are compared
4090element by element. The result is an <tt>i1</tt> vector with
4091the same number of elements as the values being compared.
4092Otherwise, the result is an <tt>i1</tt>.
4093</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4094
4095<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4096<pre> &lt;result&gt; = icmp eq i32 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
4097 &lt;result&gt; = icmp ne float* %X, %X <i>; yields: result=false</i>
4098 &lt;result&gt; = icmp ult i16 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=true</i>
4099 &lt;result&gt; = icmp sgt i16 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
4100 &lt;result&gt; = icmp ule i16 -4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
4101 &lt;result&gt; = icmp sge i16 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4102</pre>
Dan Gohmana5127ab2009-01-22 01:39:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4103
4104<p>Note that the code generator does not yet support vector types with
4105 the <tt>icmp</tt> instruction.</p>
4106
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4107</div>
4108
4109<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4110<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="i_fcmp">'<tt>fcmp</tt>' Instruction</a>
4111</div>
4112<div class="doc_text">
4113<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4114<pre> &lt;result&gt; = fcmp &lt;cond&gt; &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {i1} or {&lt;N x i1&gt;}:result</i>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4115</pre>
4116<h5>Overview:</h5>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4117<p>The '<tt>fcmp</tt>' instruction returns a boolean value
4118or vector of boolean values based on comparison
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4119of its operands.</p>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4120<p>
4121If the operands are floating point scalars, then the result
4122type is a boolean (<a href="#t_primitive"><tt>i1</tt></a>).
4123</p>
4124<p>If the operands are floating point vectors, then the result type
4125is a vector of boolean with the same number of elements as the
4126operands being compared.</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4127<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4128<p>The '<tt>fcmp</tt>' instruction takes three operands. The first operand is
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4129the condition code indicating the kind of comparison to perform. It is not
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4130a value, just a keyword. The possible condition code are:</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4131<ol>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4132 <li><tt>false</tt>: no comparison, always returns false</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4133 <li><tt>oeq</tt>: ordered and equal</li>
4134 <li><tt>ogt</tt>: ordered and greater than </li>
4135 <li><tt>oge</tt>: ordered and greater than or equal</li>
4136 <li><tt>olt</tt>: ordered and less than </li>
4137 <li><tt>ole</tt>: ordered and less than or equal</li>
4138 <li><tt>one</tt>: ordered and not equal</li>
4139 <li><tt>ord</tt>: ordered (no nans)</li>
4140 <li><tt>ueq</tt>: unordered or equal</li>
4141 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: unordered or greater than </li>
4142 <li><tt>uge</tt>: unordered or greater than or equal</li>
4143 <li><tt>ult</tt>: unordered or less than </li>
4144 <li><tt>ule</tt>: unordered or less than or equal</li>
4145 <li><tt>une</tt>: unordered or not equal</li>
4146 <li><tt>uno</tt>: unordered (either nans)</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4147 <li><tt>true</tt>: no comparison, always returns true</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4148</ol>
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4149<p><i>Ordered</i> means that neither operand is a QNAN while
Reid Spencer02e0d1d2006-12-06 07:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]4150<i>unordered</i> means that either operand may be a QNAN.</p>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4151<p>Each of <tt>val1</tt> and <tt>val2</tt> arguments must be
4152either a <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type
4153or a <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of floating point type.
4154They must have identical types.</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4155<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4156<p>The '<tt>fcmp</tt>' instruction compares <tt>op1</tt> and <tt>op2</tt>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4157according to the condition code given as <tt>cond</tt>.
4158If the operands are vectors, then the vectors are compared
4159element by element.
4160Each comparison performed
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4161always yields an <a href="#t_primitive">i1</a> result, as follows:</p>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4162<ol>
4163 <li><tt>false</tt>: always yields <tt>false</tt>, regardless of operands.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4164 <li><tt>oeq</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4165 <tt>op1</tt> is equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4166 <li><tt>ogt</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4167 <tt>op1</tt> is greather than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4168 <li><tt>oge</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4169 <tt>op1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4170 <li><tt>olt</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4171 <tt>op1</tt> is less than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4172 <li><tt>ole</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4173 <tt>op1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4174 <li><tt>one</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4175 <tt>op1</tt> is not equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4176 <li><tt>ord</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN.</li>
4177 <li><tt>ueq</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4178 <tt>op1</tt> is equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4179 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4180 <tt>op1</tt> is greater than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4181 <li><tt>uge</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4182 <tt>op1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4183 <li><tt>ult</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4184 <tt>op1</tt> is less than <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4185 <li><tt>ule</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4186 <tt>op1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4187 <li><tt>une</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4188 <tt>op1</tt> is not equal to <tt>op2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf69acf32006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4189 <li><tt>uno</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN.</li>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4190 <li><tt>true</tt>: always yields <tt>true</tt>, regardless of operands.</li>
4191</ol>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4192
4193<h5>Example:</h5>
4194<pre> &lt;result&gt; = fcmp oeq float 4.0, 5.0 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4195 &lt;result&gt; = fcmp one float 4.0, 5.0 <i>; yields: result=true</i>
4196 &lt;result&gt; = fcmp olt float 4.0, 5.0 <i>; yields: result=true</i>
4197 &lt;result&gt; = fcmp ueq double 1.0, 2.0 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4198</pre>
Dan Gohmana5127ab2009-01-22 01:39:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4199
4200<p>Note that the code generator does not yet support vector types with
4201 the <tt>fcmp</tt> instruction.</p>
4202
Reid Spencerc828a0e2006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]4203</div>
4204
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4205<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4206<div class="doc_subsubsection">
4207 <a name="i_vicmp">'<tt>vicmp</tt>' Instruction</a>
4208</div>
4209<div class="doc_text">
4210<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4211<pre> &lt;result&gt; = vicmp &lt;cond&gt; &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4212</pre>
4213<h5>Overview:</h5>
4214<p>The '<tt>vicmp</tt>' instruction returns an integer vector value based on
4215element-wise comparison of its two integer vector operands.</p>
4216<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4217<p>The '<tt>vicmp</tt>' instruction takes three operands. The first operand is
4218the condition code indicating the kind of comparison to perform. It is not
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4219a value, just a keyword. The possible condition code are:</p>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4220<ol>
4221 <li><tt>eq</tt>: equal</li>
4222 <li><tt>ne</tt>: not equal </li>
4223 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: unsigned greater than</li>
4224 <li><tt>uge</tt>: unsigned greater or equal</li>
4225 <li><tt>ult</tt>: unsigned less than</li>
4226 <li><tt>ule</tt>: unsigned less or equal</li>
4227 <li><tt>sgt</tt>: signed greater than</li>
4228 <li><tt>sge</tt>: signed greater or equal</li>
4229 <li><tt>slt</tt>: signed less than</li>
4230 <li><tt>sle</tt>: signed less or equal</li>
4231</ol>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4232<p>The remaining two arguments must be <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> or
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4233<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> typed. They must also be identical types.</p>
4234<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4235<p>The '<tt>vicmp</tt>' instruction compares <tt>op1</tt> and <tt>op2</tt>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4236according to the condition code given as <tt>cond</tt>. The comparison yields a
4237<a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> result, of
4238identical type as the values being compared. The most significant bit in each
4239element is 1 if the element-wise comparison evaluates to true, and is 0
4240otherwise. All other bits of the result are undefined. The condition codes
4241are evaluated identically to the <a href="#i_icmp">'<tt>icmp</tt>'
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4242instruction</a>.</p>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4243
4244<h5>Example:</h5>
4245<pre>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4246 &lt;result&gt; = vicmp eq &lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 4, i32 0&gt;, &lt; i32 5, i32 0&gt; <i>; yields: result=&lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 0, i32 -1 &gt;</i>
4247 &lt;result&gt; = vicmp ult &lt;2 x i8 &gt; &lt; i8 1, i8 2&gt;, &lt; i8 2, i8 2 &gt; <i>; yields: result=&lt;2 x i8&gt; &lt; i8 -1, i8 0 &gt;</i>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4248</pre>
4249</div>
4250
4251<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4252<div class="doc_subsubsection">
4253 <a name="i_vfcmp">'<tt>vfcmp</tt>' Instruction</a>
4254</div>
4255<div class="doc_text">
4256<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4257<pre> &lt;result&gt; = vfcmp &lt;cond&gt; &lt;ty&gt; &lt;op1&gt;, &lt;op2&gt;</pre>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4258<h5>Overview:</h5>
4259<p>The '<tt>vfcmp</tt>' instruction returns an integer vector value based on
4260element-wise comparison of its two floating point vector operands. The output
4261elements have the same width as the input elements.</p>
4262<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4263<p>The '<tt>vfcmp</tt>' instruction takes three operands. The first operand is
4264the condition code indicating the kind of comparison to perform. It is not
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4265a value, just a keyword. The possible condition code are:</p>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4266<ol>
4267 <li><tt>false</tt>: no comparison, always returns false</li>
4268 <li><tt>oeq</tt>: ordered and equal</li>
4269 <li><tt>ogt</tt>: ordered and greater than </li>
4270 <li><tt>oge</tt>: ordered and greater than or equal</li>
4271 <li><tt>olt</tt>: ordered and less than </li>
4272 <li><tt>ole</tt>: ordered and less than or equal</li>
4273 <li><tt>one</tt>: ordered and not equal</li>
4274 <li><tt>ord</tt>: ordered (no nans)</li>
4275 <li><tt>ueq</tt>: unordered or equal</li>
4276 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: unordered or greater than </li>
4277 <li><tt>uge</tt>: unordered or greater than or equal</li>
4278 <li><tt>ult</tt>: unordered or less than </li>
4279 <li><tt>ule</tt>: unordered or less than or equal</li>
4280 <li><tt>une</tt>: unordered or not equal</li>
4281 <li><tt>uno</tt>: unordered (either nans)</li>
4282 <li><tt>true</tt>: no comparison, always returns true</li>
4283</ol>
4284<p>The remaining two arguments must be <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of
4285<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> typed. They must also be identical
4286types.</p>
4287<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Gabor Greif0f75ad02008-08-07 21:46:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4288<p>The '<tt>vfcmp</tt>' instruction compares <tt>op1</tt> and <tt>op2</tt>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4289according to the condition code given as <tt>cond</tt>. The comparison yields a
4290<a href="#t_vector">vector</a> of <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> result, with
4291an identical number of elements as the values being compared, and each element
4292having identical with to the width of the floating point elements. The most
4293significant bit in each element is 1 if the element-wise comparison evaluates to
4294true, and is 0 otherwise. All other bits of the result are undefined. The
4295condition codes are evaluated identically to the
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4296<a href="#i_fcmp">'<tt>fcmp</tt>' instruction</a>.</p>
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4297
4298<h5>Example:</h5>
4299<pre>
Chris Lattner0ae02092008-10-13 16:55:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4300 <i>; yields: result=&lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 0, i32 -1 &gt;</i>
4301 &lt;result&gt; = vfcmp oeq &lt;2 x float&gt; &lt; float 4, float 0 &gt;, &lt; float 5, float 0 &gt;
4302
4303 <i>; yields: result=&lt;2 x i64&gt; &lt; i64 -1, i64 0 &gt;</i>
4304 &lt;result&gt; = vfcmp ult &lt;2 x double&gt; &lt; double 1, double 2 &gt;, &lt; double 2, double 2&gt;
Nate Begemand2195702008-05-12 19:01:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4305</pre>
4306</div>
4307
4308<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4309<div class="doc_subsubsection">
4310 <a name="i_phi">'<tt>phi</tt>' Instruction</a>
4311</div>
4312
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4313<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4314
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4315<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4316
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4317<pre> &lt;result&gt; = phi &lt;ty&gt; [ &lt;val0&gt;, &lt;label0&gt;], ...<br></pre>
4318<h5>Overview:</h5>
4319<p>The '<tt>phi</tt>' instruction is used to implement the &#966; node in
4320the SSA graph representing the function.</p>
4321<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4322
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4323<p>The type of the incoming values is specified with the first type
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4324field. After this, the '<tt>phi</tt>' instruction takes a list of pairs
4325as arguments, with one pair for each predecessor basic block of the
4326current block. Only values of <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a>
4327type may be used as the value arguments to the PHI node. Only labels
4328may be used as the label arguments.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4329
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4330<p>There must be no non-phi instructions between the start of a basic
4331block and the PHI instructions: i.e. PHI instructions must be first in
4332a basic block.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4333
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4334<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4335
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4336<p>At runtime, the '<tt>phi</tt>' instruction logically takes on the value
4337specified by the pair corresponding to the predecessor basic block that executed
4338just prior to the current block.</p>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4339
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4340<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4341<pre>
4342Loop: ; Infinite loop that counts from 0 on up...
4343 %indvar = phi i32 [ 0, %LoopHeader ], [ %nextindvar, %Loop ]
4344 %nextindvar = add i32 %indvar, 1
4345 br label %Loop
4346</pre>
Reid Spencer97c5fa42006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]4347</div>
4348
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4349<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4350<div class="doc_subsubsection">
4351 <a name="i_select">'<tt>select</tt>' Instruction</a>
4352</div>
4353
4354<div class="doc_text">
4355
4356<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4357
4358<pre>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4359 &lt;result&gt; = select <i>selty</i> &lt;cond&gt;, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;val1&gt;, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;val2&gt; <i>; yields ty</i>
4360
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4361 <i>selty</i> is either i1 or {&lt;N x i1&gt;}
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4362</pre>
4363
4364<h5>Overview:</h5>
4365
4366<p>
4367The '<tt>select</tt>' instruction is used to choose one value based on a
4368condition, without branching.
4369</p>
4370
4371
4372<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4373
4374<p>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4375The '<tt>select</tt>' instruction requires an 'i1' value or
4376a vector of 'i1' values indicating the
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4377condition, and two values of the same <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4378type. If the val1/val2 are vectors and
4379the condition is a scalar, then entire vectors are selected, not
Chris Lattnerb54c30f2008-05-20 20:48:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4380individual elements.
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4381</p>
4382
4383<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4384
4385<p>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4386If the condition is an i1 and it evaluates to 1, the instruction returns the first
John Criswell88190562005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4387value argument; otherwise, it returns the second value argument.
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4388</p>
Dan Gohmanc579d972008-09-09 01:02:47 +0000[diff] [blame]4389<p>
4390If the condition is a vector of i1, then the value arguments must
4391be vectors of the same size, and the selection is done element
4392by element.
4393</p>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4394
4395<h5>Example:</h5>
4396
4397<pre>
Reid Spencer36a15422007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4398 %X = select i1 true, i8 17, i8 42 <i>; yields i8:17</i>
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4399</pre>
Dan Gohmana5127ab2009-01-22 01:39:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4400
4401<p>Note that the code generator does not yet support conditions
4402 with vector type.</p>
4403
Chris Lattnerb53c28d2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4404</div>
4405
Robert Bocchinof72fdfe2006-01-15 20:48:27 +0000[diff] [blame]4406
4407<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4408<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4409 <a name="i_call">'<tt>call</tt>' Instruction</a>
4410</div>
4411
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4412<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4413
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4414<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4415<pre>
Devang Patel02256232008-10-07 17:48:33 +0000[diff] [blame]4416 &lt;result&gt; = [tail] call [<a href="#callingconv">cconv</a>] [<a href="#paramattrs">ret attrs</a>] &lt;ty&gt; [&lt;fnty&gt;*] &lt;fnptrval&gt;(&lt;function args&gt;) [<a href="#fnattrs">fn attrs</a>]
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4417</pre>
4418
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4419<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4420
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4421<p>The '<tt>call</tt>' instruction represents a simple function call.</p>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4422
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4423<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4424
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4425<p>This instruction requires several arguments:</p>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4426
Chris Lattnera8292f32002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]4427<ol>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4428 <li>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4429 <p>The optional "tail" marker indicates whether the callee function accesses
4430 any allocas or varargs in the caller. If the "tail" marker is present, the
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4431 function call is eligible for tail call optimization. Note that calls may
4432 be marked "tail" even if they do not occur before a <a
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4433 href="#i_ret"><tt>ret</tt></a> instruction.</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4434 </li>
4435 <li>
Duncan Sands16f122e2007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]4436 <p>The optional "cconv" marker indicates which <a href="#callingconv">calling
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4437 convention</a> the call should use. If none is specified, the call defaults
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4438 to using C calling conventions.</p>
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4439 </li>
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4440
4441 <li>
4442 <p>The optional <a href="#paramattrs">Parameter Attributes</a> list for
4443 return values. Only '<tt>zeroext</tt>', '<tt>signext</tt>',
4444 and '<tt>inreg</tt>' attributes are valid here.</p>
4445 </li>
4446
Chris Lattner0132aff2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4447 <li>
Nick Lewyckya9b13d52007-09-08 13:57:50 +0000[diff] [blame]4448 <p>'<tt>ty</tt>': the type of the call instruction itself which is also
4449 the type of the return value. Functions that return no value are marked
4450 <tt><a href="#t_void">void</a></tt>.</p>
4451 </li>
4452 <li>
4453 <p>'<tt>fnty</tt>': shall be the signature of the pointer to function
4454 value being invoked. The argument types must match the types implied by
4455 this signature. This type can be omitted if the function is not varargs
4456 and if the function type does not return a pointer to a function.</p>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4457 </li>
4458 <li>
4459 <p>'<tt>fnptrval</tt>': An LLVM value containing a pointer to a function to
4460 be invoked. In most cases, this is a direct function invocation, but
4461 indirect <tt>call</tt>s are just as possible, calling an arbitrary pointer
John Criswell88190562005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4462 to function value.</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4463 </li>
4464 <li>
4465 <p>'<tt>function args</tt>': argument list whose types match the
Reid Spencerd845d162005-05-01 22:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]4466 function signature argument types. All arguments must be of
4467 <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type. If the function signature
4468 indicates the function accepts a variable number of arguments, the extra
4469 arguments can be specified.</p>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4470 </li>
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4471 <li>
Devang Patel02256232008-10-07 17:48:33 +0000[diff] [blame]4472 <p>The optional <a href="#fnattrs">function attributes</a> list. Only
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4473 '<tt>noreturn</tt>', '<tt>nounwind</tt>', '<tt>readonly</tt>' and
4474 '<tt>readnone</tt>' attributes are valid here.</p>
4475 </li>
Chris Lattnera8292f32002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]4476</ol>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4477
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4478<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4479
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4480<p>The '<tt>call</tt>' instruction is used to cause control flow to
4481transfer to a specified function, with its incoming arguments bound to
4482the specified values. Upon a '<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>'
4483instruction in the called function, control flow continues with the
4484instruction after the function call, and the return value of the
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4485function is bound to the result argument.</p>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4486
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4487<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4488
4489<pre>
Nick Lewyckya9b13d52007-09-08 13:57:50 +0000[diff] [blame]4490 %retval = call i32 @test(i32 %argc)
Chris Lattnerfb7c88d2008-03-21 17:24:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4491 call i32 (i8 *, ...)* @printf(i8 * %msg, i32 12, i8 42) <i>; yields i32</i>
4492 %X = tail call i32 @foo() <i>; yields i32</i>
4493 %Y = tail call <a href="#callingconv">fastcc</a> i32 @foo() <i>; yields i32</i>
4494 call void %foo(i8 97 signext)
Devang Pateld6cff512008-03-10 20:49:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4495
4496 %struct.A = type { i32, i8 }
Devang Patel7e9b05e2008-10-06 18:50:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4497 %r = call %struct.A @foo() <i>; yields { 32, i8 }</i>
Dan Gohmancc3132e2008-10-04 19:00:07 +0000[diff] [blame]4498 %gr = extractvalue %struct.A %r, 0 <i>; yields i32</i>
4499 %gr1 = extractvalue %struct.A %r, 1 <i>; yields i8</i>
Chris Lattner6cbe8e92008-10-08 06:26:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4500 %Z = call void @foo() noreturn <i>; indicates that %foo never returns normally</i>
Matthijs Kooijmaneefa7df2008-10-07 10:03:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4501 %ZZ = call zeroext i32 @bar() <i>; Return value is %zero extended</i>
Chris Lattnere23c1392005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4502</pre>
4503
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4504</div>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4505
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4506<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4507<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattner33337472006-01-13 23:26:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4508 <a name="i_va_arg">'<tt>va_arg</tt>' Instruction</a>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4509</div>
4510
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4511<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4512
Chris Lattner26ca62e2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4513<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4514
4515<pre>
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4516 &lt;resultval&gt; = va_arg &lt;va_list*&gt; &lt;arglist&gt;, &lt;argty&gt;
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4517</pre>
4518
Chris Lattner26ca62e2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4519<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4520
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4521<p>The '<tt>va_arg</tt>' instruction is used to access arguments passed through
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4522the "variable argument" area of a function call. It is used to implement the
4523<tt>va_arg</tt> macro in C.</p>
4524
Chris Lattner26ca62e2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4525<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4526
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4527<p>This instruction takes a <tt>va_list*</tt> value and the type of
4528the argument. It returns a value of the specified argument type and
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4529increments the <tt>va_list</tt> to point to the next argument. The
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4530actual type of <tt>va_list</tt> is target specific.</p>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4531
Chris Lattner26ca62e2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4532<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4533
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4534<p>The '<tt>va_arg</tt>' instruction loads an argument of the specified
4535type from the specified <tt>va_list</tt> and causes the
4536<tt>va_list</tt> to point to the next argument. For more information,
4537see the variable argument handling <a href="#int_varargs">Intrinsic
4538Functions</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4539
4540<p>It is legal for this instruction to be called in a function which does not
4541take a variable number of arguments, for example, the <tt>vfprintf</tt>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4542function.</p>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4543
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4544<p><tt>va_arg</tt> is an LLVM instruction instead of an <a
John Criswell88190562005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4545href="#intrinsics">intrinsic function</a> because it takes a type as an
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4546argument.</p>
4547
Chris Lattner26ca62e2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4548<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattner6a4a0492004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]4549
4550<p>See the <a href="#int_varargs">variable argument processing</a> section.</p>
4551
Dan Gohman3065b612009-01-12 23:12:39 +0000[diff] [blame]4552<p>Note that the code generator does not yet fully support va_arg
4553 on many targets. Also, it does not currently support va_arg with
4554 aggregate types on any target.</p>
4555
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4556</div>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4557
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4558<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4559<div class="doc_section"> <a name="intrinsics">Intrinsic Functions</a> </div>
4560<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4561
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4562<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4563
4564<p>LLVM supports the notion of an "intrinsic function". These functions have
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4565well known names and semantics and are required to follow certain restrictions.
4566Overall, these intrinsics represent an extension mechanism for the LLVM
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4567language that does not require changing all of the transformations in LLVM when
Gabor Greifa54634a2007-07-06 22:07:22 +0000[diff] [blame]4568adding to the language (or the bitcode reader/writer, the parser, etc...).</p>
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4569
John Criswell88190562005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4570<p>Intrinsic function names must all start with an "<tt>llvm.</tt>" prefix. This
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4571prefix is reserved in LLVM for intrinsic names; thus, function names may not
4572begin with this prefix. Intrinsic functions must always be external functions:
4573you cannot define the body of intrinsic functions. Intrinsic functions may
4574only be used in call or invoke instructions: it is illegal to take the address
4575of an intrinsic function. Additionally, because intrinsic functions are part
4576of the LLVM language, it is required if any are added that they be documented
4577here.</p>
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4578
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4579<p>Some intrinsic functions can be overloaded, i.e., the intrinsic represents
4580a family of functions that perform the same operation but on different data
4581types. Because LLVM can represent over 8 million different integer types,
4582overloading is used commonly to allow an intrinsic function to operate on any
4583integer type. One or more of the argument types or the result type can be
4584overloaded to accept any integer type. Argument types may also be defined as
4585exactly matching a previous argument's type or the result type. This allows an
4586intrinsic function which accepts multiple arguments, but needs all of them to
4587be of the same type, to only be overloaded with respect to a single argument or
4588the result.</p>
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4589
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4590<p>Overloaded intrinsics will have the names of its overloaded argument types
4591encoded into its function name, each preceded by a period. Only those types
4592which are overloaded result in a name suffix. Arguments whose type is matched
4593against another type do not. For example, the <tt>llvm.ctpop</tt> function can
4594take an integer of any width and returns an integer of exactly the same integer
4595width. This leads to a family of functions such as
4596<tt>i8 @llvm.ctpop.i8(i8 %val)</tt> and <tt>i29 @llvm.ctpop.i29(i29 %val)</tt>.
4597Only one type, the return type, is overloaded, and only one type suffix is
4598required. Because the argument's type is matched against the return type, it
4599does not require its own name suffix.</p>
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4600
4601<p>To learn how to add an intrinsic function, please see the
4602<a href="ExtendingLLVM.html">Extending LLVM Guide</a>.
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4603</p>
4604
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4605</div>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4606
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4607<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4608<div class="doc_subsection">
4609 <a name="int_varargs">Variable Argument Handling Intrinsics</a>
4610</div>
4611
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4612<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4613
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4614<p>Variable argument support is defined in LLVM with the <a
Chris Lattner33337472006-01-13 23:26:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4615 href="#i_va_arg"><tt>va_arg</tt></a> instruction and these three
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4616intrinsic functions. These functions are related to the similarly
4617named macros defined in the <tt>&lt;stdarg.h&gt;</tt> header file.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4618
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4619<p>All of these functions operate on arguments that use a
4620target-specific value type "<tt>va_list</tt>". The LLVM assembly
4621language reference manual does not define what this type is, so all
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4622transformations should be prepared to handle these functions regardless of
4623the type used.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4624
Chris Lattner30b868d2006-05-15 17:26:46 +0000[diff] [blame]4625<p>This example shows how the <a href="#i_va_arg"><tt>va_arg</tt></a>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4626instruction and the variable argument handling intrinsic functions are
4627used.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4628
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]4629<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4630<pre>
Anton Korobeynikov640bbe02007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]4631define i32 @test(i32 %X, ...) {
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4632 ; Initialize variable argument processing
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4633 %ap = alloca i8*
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4634 %ap2 = bitcast i8** %ap to i8*
Anton Korobeynikov640bbe02007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]4635 call void @llvm.va_start(i8* %ap2)
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4636
4637 ; Read a single integer argument
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4638 %tmp = va_arg i8** %ap, i32
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4639
4640 ; Demonstrate usage of llvm.va_copy and llvm.va_end
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4641 %aq = alloca i8*
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4642 %aq2 = bitcast i8** %aq to i8*
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4643 call void @llvm.va_copy(i8* %aq2, i8* %ap2)
Anton Korobeynikov640bbe02007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]4644 call void @llvm.va_end(i8* %aq2)
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4645
4646 ; Stop processing of arguments.
Anton Korobeynikov640bbe02007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]4647 call void @llvm.va_end(i8* %ap2)
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4648 ret i32 %tmp
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4649}
Anton Korobeynikov640bbe02007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]4650
4651declare void @llvm.va_start(i8*)
4652declare void @llvm.va_copy(i8*, i8*)
4653declare void @llvm.va_end(i8*)
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4654</pre>
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4655</div>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4656
Bill Wendling3716c5d2007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]4657</div>
4658
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4659<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4660<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4661 <a name="int_va_start">'<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4662</div>
4663
4664
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4665<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4666<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4667<pre> declare void %llvm.va_start(i8* &lt;arglist&gt;)<br></pre>
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4668<h5>Overview:</h5>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4669<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' intrinsic initializes
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4670<tt>*&lt;arglist&gt;</tt> for subsequent use by <tt><a
4671href="#i_va_arg">va_arg</a></tt>.</p>
4672
4673<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4674
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4675<p>The argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> element to initialize.</p>
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4676
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4677<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4678
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4679<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' intrinsic works just like the <tt>va_start</tt>
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4680macro available in C. In a target-dependent way, it initializes the
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4681<tt>va_list</tt> element to which the argument points, so that the next call to
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4682<tt>va_arg</tt> will produce the first variable argument passed to the function.
4683Unlike the C <tt>va_start</tt> macro, this intrinsic does not need to know the
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4684last argument of the function as the compiler can figure that out.</p>
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4685
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4686</div>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4687
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4688<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4689<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4690 <a name="int_va_end">'<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4691</div>
4692
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4693<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4694<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4695<pre> declare void @llvm.va_end(i8* &lt;arglist&gt;)<br></pre>
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4696<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4697
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4698<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' intrinsic destroys <tt>*&lt;arglist&gt;</tt>,
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4699which has been initialized previously with <tt><a href="#int_va_start">llvm.va_start</a></tt>
Chris Lattner48b383b02003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4700or <tt><a href="#i_va_copy">llvm.va_copy</a></tt>.</p>
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4701
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4702<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4703
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4704<p>The argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> to destroy.</p>
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4705
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4706<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4707
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4708<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' intrinsic works just like the <tt>va_end</tt>
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4709macro available in C. In a target-dependent way, it destroys the
4710<tt>va_list</tt> element to which the argument points. Calls to <a
4711href="#int_va_start"><tt>llvm.va_start</tt></a> and <a href="#int_va_copy">
4712<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt></a> must be matched exactly with calls to
4713<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>.</p>
Chris Lattnerdb0790c2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4714
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4715</div>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4716
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4717<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4718<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4719 <a name="int_va_copy">'<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4720</div>
4721
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4722<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4723
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4724<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4725
4726<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4727 declare void @llvm.va_copy(i8* &lt;destarglist&gt;, i8* &lt;srcarglist&gt;)
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4728</pre>
4729
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4730<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4731
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4732<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' intrinsic copies the current argument position
4733from the source argument list to the destination argument list.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4734
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4735<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4736
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4737<p>The first argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> element to initialize.
Andrew Lenharth5305ea52005-06-22 20:38:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4738The second argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> element to copy from.</p>
Andrew Lenharth5fb787c2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4739
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4740
Chris Lattnerbd64b4e2003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]4741<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4742
Jeff Cohen222a8a42007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]4743<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' intrinsic works just like the <tt>va_copy</tt>
4744macro available in C. In a target-dependent way, it copies the source
4745<tt>va_list</tt> element into the destination <tt>va_list</tt> element. This
4746intrinsic is necessary because the <tt><a href="#int_va_start">
4747llvm.va_start</a></tt> intrinsic may be arbitrarily complex and require, for
4748example, memory allocation.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4749
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4750</div>
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4751
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4752<!-- ======================================================================= -->
4753<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4754 <a name="int_gc">Accurate Garbage Collection Intrinsics</a>
4755</div>
4756
4757<div class="doc_text">
4758
4759<p>
4760LLVM support for <a href="GarbageCollection.html">Accurate Garbage
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4761Collection</a> (GC) requires the implementation and generation of these
4762intrinsics.
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4763These intrinsics allow identification of <a href="#int_gcroot">GC roots on the
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4764stack</a>, as well as garbage collector implementations that require <a
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4765href="#int_gcread">read</a> and <a href="#int_gcwrite">write</a> barriers.
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4766Front-ends for type-safe garbage collected languages should generate these
4767intrinsics to make use of the LLVM garbage collectors. For more details, see <a
4768href="GarbageCollection.html">Accurate Garbage Collection with LLVM</a>.
4769</p>
Christopher Lamb55c6d4f2007-12-17 01:00:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4770
4771<p>The garbage collection intrinsics only operate on objects in the generic
4772 address space (address space zero).</p>
4773
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4774</div>
4775
4776<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4777<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4778 <a name="int_gcroot">'<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4779</div>
4780
4781<div class="doc_text">
4782
4783<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4784
4785<pre>
Chris Lattner12477732007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4786 declare void @llvm.gcroot(i8** %ptrloc, i8* %metadata)
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4787</pre>
4788
4789<h5>Overview:</h5>
4790
John Criswelldfe6a862004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4791<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>' intrinsic declares the existence of a GC root to
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4792the code generator, and allows some metadata to be associated with it.</p>
4793
4794<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4795
4796<p>The first argument specifies the address of a stack object that contains the
4797root pointer. The second pointer (which must be either a constant or a global
4798value address) contains the meta-data to be associated with the root.</p>
4799
4800<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4801
Chris Lattner851b7712008-04-24 05:59:56 +0000[diff] [blame]4802<p>At runtime, a call to this intrinsic stores a null pointer into the "ptrloc"
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4803location. At compile-time, the code generator generates information to allow
Gordon Henriksenfb56bde2007-12-25 02:31:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4804the runtime to find the pointer at GC safe points. The '<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>'
4805intrinsic may only be used in a function which <a href="#gc">specifies a GC
4806algorithm</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4807
4808</div>
4809
4810
4811<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4812<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4813 <a name="int_gcread">'<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4814</div>
4815
4816<div class="doc_text">
4817
4818<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4819
4820<pre>
Chris Lattner12477732007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4821 declare i8* @llvm.gcread(i8* %ObjPtr, i8** %Ptr)
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4822</pre>
4823
4824<h5>Overview:</h5>
4825
4826<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' intrinsic identifies reads of references from heap
4827locations, allowing garbage collector implementations that require read
4828barriers.</p>
4829
4830<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4831
Chris Lattnerf9228072006-03-14 20:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4832<p>The second argument is the address to read from, which should be an address
4833allocated from the garbage collector. The first object is a pointer to the
4834start of the referenced object, if needed by the language runtime (otherwise
4835null).</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4836
4837<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4838
4839<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' intrinsic has the same semantics as a load
4840instruction, but may be replaced with substantially more complex code by the
Gordon Henriksenfb56bde2007-12-25 02:31:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4841garbage collector runtime, as needed. The '<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' intrinsic
4842may only be used in a function which <a href="#gc">specifies a GC
4843algorithm</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4844
4845</div>
4846
4847
4848<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4849<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4850 <a name="int_gcwrite">'<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4851</div>
4852
4853<div class="doc_text">
4854
4855<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4856
4857<pre>
Chris Lattner12477732007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4858 declare void @llvm.gcwrite(i8* %P1, i8* %Obj, i8** %P2)
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4859</pre>
4860
4861<h5>Overview:</h5>
4862
4863<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' intrinsic identifies writes of references to heap
4864locations, allowing garbage collector implementations that require write
4865barriers (such as generational or reference counting collectors).</p>
4866
4867<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4868
Chris Lattnerf9228072006-03-14 20:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4869<p>The first argument is the reference to store, the second is the start of the
4870object to store it to, and the third is the address of the field of Obj to
4871store to. If the runtime does not require a pointer to the object, Obj may be
4872null.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4873
4874<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4875
4876<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' intrinsic has the same semantics as a store
4877instruction, but may be replaced with substantially more complex code by the
Gordon Henriksenfb56bde2007-12-25 02:31:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4878garbage collector runtime, as needed. The '<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' intrinsic
4879may only be used in a function which <a href="#gc">specifies a GC
4880algorithm</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner757528b0b2004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4881
4882</div>
4883
4884
4885
4886<!-- ======================================================================= -->
4887<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4888 <a name="int_codegen">Code Generator Intrinsics</a>
4889</div>
4890
4891<div class="doc_text">
4892<p>
4893These intrinsics are provided by LLVM to expose special features that may only
4894be implemented with code generator support.
4895</p>
4896
4897</div>
4898
4899<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4900<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4901 <a name="int_returnaddress">'<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4902</div>
4903
4904<div class="doc_text">
4905
4906<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4907<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4908 declare i8 *@llvm.returnaddress(i32 &lt;level&gt;)
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4909</pre>
4910
4911<h5>Overview:</h5>
4912
4913<p>
Chris Lattnerc1fb4262006-10-15 20:05:59 +0000[diff] [blame]4914The '<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' intrinsic attempts to compute a
4915target-specific value indicating the return address of the current function
4916or one of its callers.
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4917</p>
4918
4919<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4920
4921<p>
4922The argument to this intrinsic indicates which function to return the address
4923for. Zero indicates the calling function, one indicates its caller, etc. The
4924argument is <b>required</b> to be a constant integer value.
4925</p>
4926
4927<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4928
4929<p>
4930The '<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' intrinsic either returns a pointer indicating
4931the return address of the specified call frame, or zero if it cannot be
4932identified. The value returned by this intrinsic is likely to be incorrect or 0
4933for arguments other than zero, so it should only be used for debugging purposes.
4934</p>
4935
4936<p>
4937Note that calling this intrinsic does not prevent function inlining or other
Chris Lattner2e6eb5f2005-03-07 20:30:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4938aggressive transformations, so the value returned may not be that of the obvious
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4939source-language caller.
4940</p>
4941</div>
4942
4943
4944<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4945<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4946 <a name="int_frameaddress">'<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4947</div>
4948
4949<div class="doc_text">
4950
4951<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4952<pre>
Chris Lattner12477732007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4953 declare i8 *@llvm.frameaddress(i32 &lt;level&gt;)
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4954</pre>
4955
4956<h5>Overview:</h5>
4957
4958<p>
Chris Lattnerc1fb4262006-10-15 20:05:59 +0000[diff] [blame]4959The '<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' intrinsic attempts to return the
4960target-specific frame pointer value for the specified stack frame.
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4961</p>
4962
4963<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4964
4965<p>
4966The argument to this intrinsic indicates which function to return the frame
4967pointer for. Zero indicates the calling function, one indicates its caller,
4968etc. The argument is <b>required</b> to be a constant integer value.
4969</p>
4970
4971<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4972
4973<p>
4974The '<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' intrinsic either returns a pointer indicating
4975the frame address of the specified call frame, or zero if it cannot be
4976identified. The value returned by this intrinsic is likely to be incorrect or 0
4977for arguments other than zero, so it should only be used for debugging purposes.
4978</p>
4979
4980<p>
4981Note that calling this intrinsic does not prevent function inlining or other
Chris Lattner2e6eb5f2005-03-07 20:30:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4982aggressive transformations, so the value returned may not be that of the obvious
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4983source-language caller.
4984</p>
4985</div>
4986
Chris Lattnerc8a2c222005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]4987<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4988<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4989 <a name="int_stacksave">'<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4990</div>
4991
4992<div class="doc_text">
4993
4994<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4995<pre>
Chris Lattner12477732007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4996 declare i8 *@llvm.stacksave()
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4997</pre>
4998
4999<h5>Overview:</h5>
5000
5001<p>
5002The '<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>' intrinsic is used to remember the current state of
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5003the function stack, for use with <a href="#int_stackrestore">
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5004<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt></a>. This is useful for implementing language
5005features like scoped automatic variable sized arrays in C99.
5006</p>
5007
5008<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5009
5010<p>
5011This intrinsic returns a opaque pointer value that can be passed to <a
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5012href="#int_stackrestore"><tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt></a>. When an
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5013<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt> intrinsic is executed with a value saved from
5014<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>, it effectively restores the state of the stack to the
5015state it was in when the <tt>llvm.stacksave</tt> intrinsic executed. In
5016practice, this pops any <a href="#i_alloca">alloca</a> blocks from the stack
5017that were allocated after the <tt>llvm.stacksave</tt> was executed.
5018</p>
5019
5020</div>
5021
5022<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5023<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5024 <a name="int_stackrestore">'<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5025</div>
5026
5027<div class="doc_text">
5028
5029<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5030<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5031 declare void @llvm.stackrestore(i8 * %ptr)
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5032</pre>
5033
5034<h5>Overview:</h5>
5035
5036<p>
5037The '<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt>' intrinsic is used to restore the state of
5038the function stack to the state it was in when the corresponding <a
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5039href="#int_stacksave"><tt>llvm.stacksave</tt></a> intrinsic executed. This is
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5040useful for implementing language features like scoped automatic variable sized
5041arrays in C99.
5042</p>
5043
5044<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5045
5046<p>
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5047See the description for <a href="#int_stacksave"><tt>llvm.stacksave</tt></a>.
Chris Lattner2f0f0012006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5048</p>
5049
5050</div>
5051
5052
5053<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5054<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5055 <a name="int_prefetch">'<tt>llvm.prefetch</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerc8a2c222005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5056</div>
5057
5058<div class="doc_text">
5059
5060<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5061<pre>
Chris Lattner12477732007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]5062 declare void @llvm.prefetch(i8* &lt;address&gt;, i32 &lt;rw&gt;, i32 &lt;locality&gt;)
Chris Lattnerc8a2c222005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5063</pre>
5064
5065<h5>Overview:</h5>
5066
5067
5068<p>
5069The '<tt>llvm.prefetch</tt>' intrinsic is a hint to the code generator to insert
John Criswell88190562005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5070a prefetch instruction if supported; otherwise, it is a noop. Prefetches have
5071no
5072effect on the behavior of the program but can change its performance
Chris Lattnerff851072005-02-28 19:47:14 +0000[diff] [blame]5073characteristics.
Chris Lattnerc8a2c222005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5074</p>
5075
5076<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5077
5078<p>
5079<tt>address</tt> is the address to be prefetched, <tt>rw</tt> is the specifier
5080determining if the fetch should be for a read (0) or write (1), and
5081<tt>locality</tt> is a temporal locality specifier ranging from (0) - no
Chris Lattnerd3e641c2005-03-07 20:31:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5082locality, to (3) - extremely local keep in cache. The <tt>rw</tt> and
Chris Lattnerc8a2c222005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5083<tt>locality</tt> arguments must be constant integers.
5084</p>
5085
5086<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5087
5088<p>
5089This intrinsic does not modify the behavior of the program. In particular,
5090prefetches cannot trap and do not produce a value. On targets that support this
5091intrinsic, the prefetch can provide hints to the processor cache for better
5092performance.
5093</p>
5094
5095</div>
5096
Andrew Lenharthb4427912005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5097<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5098<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5099 <a name="int_pcmarker">'<tt>llvm.pcmarker</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharthb4427912005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5100</div>
5101
5102<div class="doc_text">
5103
5104<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5105<pre>
Chris Lattner12477732007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]5106 declare void @llvm.pcmarker(i32 &lt;id&gt;)
Andrew Lenharthb4427912005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5107</pre>
5108
5109<h5>Overview:</h5>
5110
5111
5112<p>
John Criswell88190562005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5113The '<tt>llvm.pcmarker</tt>' intrinsic is a method to export a Program Counter
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5114(PC) in a region of
5115code to simulators and other tools. The method is target specific, but it is
5116expected that the marker will use exported symbols to transmit the PC of the
5117marker.
5118The marker makes no guarantees that it will remain with any specific instruction
5119after optimizations. It is possible that the presence of a marker will inhibit
Chris Lattnerb40261e2006-03-24 07:16:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5120optimizations. The intended use is to be inserted after optimizations to allow
John Criswell88190562005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5121correlations of simulation runs.
Andrew Lenharthb4427912005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5122</p>
5123
5124<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5125
5126<p>
5127<tt>id</tt> is a numerical id identifying the marker.
5128</p>
5129
5130<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5131
5132<p>
5133This intrinsic does not modify the behavior of the program. Backends that do not
5134support this intrinisic may ignore it.
5135</p>
5136
5137</div>
5138
Andrew Lenharth01aa5632005-11-11 16:47:30 +0000[diff] [blame]5139<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5140<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5141 <a name="int_readcyclecounter">'<tt>llvm.readcyclecounter</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharth01aa5632005-11-11 16:47:30 +0000[diff] [blame]5142</div>
5143
5144<div class="doc_text">
5145
5146<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5147<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5148 declare i64 @llvm.readcyclecounter( )
Andrew Lenharth01aa5632005-11-11 16:47:30 +0000[diff] [blame]5149</pre>
5150
5151<h5>Overview:</h5>
5152
5153
5154<p>
5155The '<tt>llvm.readcyclecounter</tt>' intrinsic provides access to the cycle
5156counter register (or similar low latency, high accuracy clocks) on those targets
5157that support it. On X86, it should map to RDTSC. On Alpha, it should map to RPCC.
5158As the backing counters overflow quickly (on the order of 9 seconds on alpha), this
5159should only be used for small timings.
5160</p>
5161
5162<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5163
5164<p>
5165When directly supported, reading the cycle counter should not modify any memory.
5166Implementations are allowed to either return a application specific value or a
5167system wide value. On backends without support, this is lowered to a constant 0.
5168</p>
5169
5170</div>
5171
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5172<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5173<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5174 <a name="int_libc">Standard C Library Intrinsics</a>
5175</div>
5176
5177<div class="doc_text">
5178<p>
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5179LLVM provides intrinsics for a few important standard C library functions.
5180These intrinsics allow source-language front-ends to pass information about the
5181alignment of the pointer arguments to the code generator, providing opportunity
5182for more efficient code generation.
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5183</p>
5184
5185</div>
5186
5187<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5188<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5189 <a name="int_memcpy">'<tt>llvm.memcpy</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5190</div>
5191
5192<div class="doc_text">
5193
5194<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerdd708342008-11-21 16:42:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5195<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use llvm.memcpy on any integer bit
5196width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5197<pre>
Chris Lattnerdd708342008-11-21 16:42:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5198 declare void @llvm.memcpy.i8(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
5199 i8 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
5200 declare void @llvm.memcpy.i16(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
5201 i16 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5202 declare void @llvm.memcpy.i32(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5203 i32 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5204 declare void @llvm.memcpy.i64(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5205 i64 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5206</pre>
5207
5208<h5>Overview:</h5>
5209
5210<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5211The '<tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>' intrinsics copy a block of memory from the source
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5212location to the destination location.
5213</p>
5214
5215<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5216Note that, unlike the standard libc function, the <tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>
5217intrinsics do not return a value, and takes an extra alignment argument.
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5218</p>
5219
5220<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5221
5222<p>
5223The first argument is a pointer to the destination, the second is a pointer to
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5224the source. The third argument is an integer argument
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5225specifying the number of bytes to copy, and the fourth argument is the alignment
5226of the source and destination locations.
5227</p>
5228
Chris Lattner4c67c482004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]5229<p>
5230If the call to this intrinisic has an alignment value that is not 0 or 1, then
Chris Lattner5316e5d2006-03-04 00:02:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5231the caller guarantees that both the source and destination pointers are aligned
5232to that boundary.
Chris Lattner4c67c482004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]5233</p>
5234
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5235<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5236
5237<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5238The '<tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>' intrinsics copy a block of memory from the source
Chris Lattnerfee11462004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5239location to the destination location, which are not allowed to overlap. It
5240copies "len" bytes of memory over. If the argument is known to be aligned to
5241some boundary, this can be specified as the fourth argument, otherwise it should
5242be set to 0 or 1.
5243</p>
5244</div>
5245
5246
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5247<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5248<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5249 <a name="int_memmove">'<tt>llvm.memmove</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5250</div>
5251
5252<div class="doc_text">
5253
5254<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerdd708342008-11-21 16:42:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5255<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use llvm.memmove on any integer bit
5256width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5257<pre>
Chris Lattnerdd708342008-11-21 16:42:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5258 declare void @llvm.memmove.i8(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
5259 i8 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
5260 declare void @llvm.memmove.i16(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
5261 i16 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5262 declare void @llvm.memmove.i32(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5263 i32 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5264 declare void @llvm.memmove.i64(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5265 i64 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5266</pre>
5267
5268<h5>Overview:</h5>
5269
5270<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5271The '<tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>' intrinsics move a block of memory from the source
5272location to the destination location. It is similar to the
Chris Lattnerec564022008-01-06 19:51:52 +0000[diff] [blame]5273'<tt>llvm.memcpy</tt>' intrinsic but allows the two memory locations to overlap.
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5274</p>
5275
5276<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5277Note that, unlike the standard libc function, the <tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>
5278intrinsics do not return a value, and takes an extra alignment argument.
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5279</p>
5280
5281<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5282
5283<p>
5284The first argument is a pointer to the destination, the second is a pointer to
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5285the source. The third argument is an integer argument
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5286specifying the number of bytes to copy, and the fourth argument is the alignment
5287of the source and destination locations.
5288</p>
5289
Chris Lattner4c67c482004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]5290<p>
5291If the call to this intrinisic has an alignment value that is not 0 or 1, then
Chris Lattner5316e5d2006-03-04 00:02:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5292the caller guarantees that the source and destination pointers are aligned to
5293that boundary.
Chris Lattner4c67c482004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]5294</p>
5295
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5296<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5297
5298<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5299The '<tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>' intrinsics copy a block of memory from the source
Chris Lattnerf30152e2004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5300location to the destination location, which may overlap. It
5301copies "len" bytes of memory over. If the argument is known to be aligned to
5302some boundary, this can be specified as the fourth argument, otherwise it should
5303be set to 0 or 1.
5304</p>
5305</div>
5306
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5307
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5308<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5309<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5310 <a name="int_memset">'<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' Intrinsics</a>
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5311</div>
5312
5313<div class="doc_text">
5314
5315<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerdd708342008-11-21 16:42:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5316<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use llvm.memset on any integer bit
5317width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5318<pre>
Chris Lattnerdd708342008-11-21 16:42:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5319 declare void @llvm.memset.i8(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt;,
5320 i8 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
5321 declare void @llvm.memset.i16(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt;,
5322 i16 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5323 declare void @llvm.memset.i32(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt;,
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5324 i32 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5325 declare void @llvm.memset.i64(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt;,
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5326 i64 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5327</pre>
5328
5329<h5>Overview:</h5>
5330
5331<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5332The '<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' intrinsics fill a block of memory with a particular
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5333byte value.
5334</p>
5335
5336<p>
5337Note that, unlike the standard libc function, the <tt>llvm.memset</tt> intrinsic
5338does not return a value, and takes an extra alignment argument.
5339</p>
5340
5341<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5342
5343<p>
5344The first argument is a pointer to the destination to fill, the second is the
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5345byte value to fill it with, the third argument is an integer
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5346argument specifying the number of bytes to fill, and the fourth argument is the
5347known alignment of destination location.
5348</p>
5349
5350<p>
5351If the call to this intrinisic has an alignment value that is not 0 or 1, then
Chris Lattner5316e5d2006-03-04 00:02:10 +0000[diff] [blame]5352the caller guarantees that the destination pointer is aligned to that boundary.
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5353</p>
5354
5355<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5356
5357<p>
Chris Lattner0c8b2592006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5358The '<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' intrinsics fill "len" bytes of memory starting at
5359the
Chris Lattner3649c3a2004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5360destination location. If the argument is known to be aligned to some boundary,
5361this can be specified as the fourth argument, otherwise it should be set to 0 or
53621.
5363</p>
5364</div>
5365
5366
Chris Lattner3b4f4372004-06-11 02:28:03 +0000[diff] [blame]5367<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5368<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5369 <a name="int_sqrt">'<tt>llvm.sqrt.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner8a8f2e52005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5370</div>
5371
5372<div class="doc_text">
5373
5374<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Dale Johannesendd89d272007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5375<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.sqrt</tt> on any
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5376floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5377types however.</p>
Chris Lattner8a8f2e52005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5378<pre>
Dale Johannesendd89d272007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5379 declare float @llvm.sqrt.f32(float %Val)
5380 declare double @llvm.sqrt.f64(double %Val)
5381 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.sqrt.f80(x86_fp80 %Val)
5382 declare fp128 @llvm.sqrt.f128(fp128 %Val)
5383 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.sqrt.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val)
Chris Lattner8a8f2e52005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5384</pre>
5385
5386<h5>Overview:</h5>
5387
5388<p>
Reid Spencerb4f9a6f2006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5389The '<tt>llvm.sqrt</tt>' intrinsics return the sqrt of the specified operand,
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5390returning the same value as the libm '<tt>sqrt</tt>' functions would. Unlike
Chris Lattner8a8f2e52005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5391<tt>sqrt</tt> in libm, however, <tt>llvm.sqrt</tt> has undefined behavior for
Chris Lattner00d7cb92008-01-29 07:00:44 +0000[diff] [blame]5392negative numbers other than -0.0 (which allows for better optimization, because
5393there is no need to worry about errno being set). <tt>llvm.sqrt(-0.0)</tt> is
5394defined to return -0.0 like IEEE sqrt.
Chris Lattner8a8f2e52005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5395</p>
5396
5397<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5398
5399<p>
5400The argument and return value are floating point numbers of the same type.
5401</p>
5402
5403<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5404
5405<p>
Dan Gohman33988db2007-07-16 14:37:41 +0000[diff] [blame]5406This function returns the sqrt of the specified operand if it is a nonnegative
Chris Lattner8a8f2e52005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5407floating point number.
5408</p>
5409</div>
5410
Chris Lattner33b73f92006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]5411<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5412<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5413 <a name="int_powi">'<tt>llvm.powi.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner33b73f92006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]5414</div>
5415
5416<div class="doc_text">
5417
5418<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Dale Johannesendd89d272007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5419<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.powi</tt> on any
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5420floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5421types however.</p>
Chris Lattner33b73f92006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]5422<pre>
Dale Johannesendd89d272007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5423 declare float @llvm.powi.f32(float %Val, i32 %power)
5424 declare double @llvm.powi.f64(double %Val, i32 %power)
5425 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.powi.f80(x86_fp80 %Val, i32 %power)
5426 declare fp128 @llvm.powi.f128(fp128 %Val, i32 %power)
5427 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.powi.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val, i32 %power)
Chris Lattner33b73f92006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]5428</pre>
5429
5430<h5>Overview:</h5>
5431
5432<p>
5433The '<tt>llvm.powi.*</tt>' intrinsics return the first operand raised to the
5434specified (positive or negative) power. The order of evaluation of
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5435multiplications is not defined. When a vector of floating point type is
5436used, the second argument remains a scalar integer value.
Chris Lattner33b73f92006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]5437</p>
5438
5439<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5440
5441<p>
5442The second argument is an integer power, and the first is a value to raise to
5443that power.
5444</p>
5445
5446<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5447
5448<p>
5449This function returns the first value raised to the second power with an
5450unspecified sequence of rounding operations.</p>
5451</div>
5452
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5453<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5454<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5455 <a name="int_sin">'<tt>llvm.sin.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5456</div>
5457
5458<div class="doc_text">
5459
5460<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5461<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.sin</tt> on any
5462floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5463types however.</p>
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5464<pre>
5465 declare float @llvm.sin.f32(float %Val)
5466 declare double @llvm.sin.f64(double %Val)
5467 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.sin.f80(x86_fp80 %Val)
5468 declare fp128 @llvm.sin.f128(fp128 %Val)
5469 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.sin.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val)
5470</pre>
5471
5472<h5>Overview:</h5>
5473
5474<p>
5475The '<tt>llvm.sin.*</tt>' intrinsics return the sine of the operand.
5476</p>
5477
5478<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5479
5480<p>
5481The argument and return value are floating point numbers of the same type.
5482</p>
5483
5484<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5485
5486<p>
5487This function returns the sine of the specified operand, returning the
5488same values as the libm <tt>sin</tt> functions would, and handles error
Dan Gohmand0806a02007-10-17 18:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5489conditions in the same way.</p>
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5490</div>
5491
5492<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5493<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5494 <a name="int_cos">'<tt>llvm.cos.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5495</div>
5496
5497<div class="doc_text">
5498
5499<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5500<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.cos</tt> on any
5501floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5502types however.</p>
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5503<pre>
5504 declare float @llvm.cos.f32(float %Val)
5505 declare double @llvm.cos.f64(double %Val)
5506 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.cos.f80(x86_fp80 %Val)
5507 declare fp128 @llvm.cos.f128(fp128 %Val)
5508 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.cos.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val)
5509</pre>
5510
5511<h5>Overview:</h5>
5512
5513<p>
5514The '<tt>llvm.cos.*</tt>' intrinsics return the cosine of the operand.
5515</p>
5516
5517<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5518
5519<p>
5520The argument and return value are floating point numbers of the same type.
5521</p>
5522
5523<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5524
5525<p>
5526This function returns the cosine of the specified operand, returning the
5527same values as the libm <tt>cos</tt> functions would, and handles error
Dan Gohmand0806a02007-10-17 18:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5528conditions in the same way.</p>
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5529</div>
5530
5531<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5532<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5533 <a name="int_pow">'<tt>llvm.pow.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5534</div>
5535
5536<div class="doc_text">
5537
5538<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5539<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.pow</tt> on any
5540floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5541types however.</p>
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5542<pre>
5543 declare float @llvm.pow.f32(float %Val, float %Power)
5544 declare double @llvm.pow.f64(double %Val, double %Power)
5545 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.pow.f80(x86_fp80 %Val, x86_fp80 %Power)
5546 declare fp128 @llvm.pow.f128(fp128 %Val, fp128 %Power)
5547 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.pow.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val, ppc_fp128 Power)
5548</pre>
5549
5550<h5>Overview:</h5>
5551
5552<p>
5553The '<tt>llvm.pow.*</tt>' intrinsics return the first operand raised to the
5554specified (positive or negative) power.
5555</p>
5556
5557<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5558
5559<p>
5560The second argument is a floating point power, and the first is a value to
5561raise to that power.
5562</p>
5563
5564<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5565
5566<p>
5567This function returns the first value raised to the second power,
5568returning the
5569same values as the libm <tt>pow</tt> functions would, and handles error
Dan Gohmand0806a02007-10-17 18:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]5570conditions in the same way.</p>
Dan Gohmanb6324c12007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]5571</div>
5572
Chris Lattner33b73f92006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]5573
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5574<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5575<div class="doc_subsection">
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5576 <a name="int_manip">Bit Manipulation Intrinsics</a>
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5577</div>
5578
5579<div class="doc_text">
5580<p>
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5581LLVM provides intrinsics for a few important bit manipulation operations.
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5582These allow efficient code generation for some algorithms.
5583</p>
5584
5585</div>
5586
5587<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5588<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5589 <a name="int_bswap">'<tt>llvm.bswap.*</tt>' Intrinsics</a>
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5590</div>
5591
5592<div class="doc_text">
5593
5594<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5595<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic function. You can use bswap on any integer
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5596type that is an even number of bytes (i.e. BitWidth % 16 == 0).</p>
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5597<pre>
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5598 declare i16 @llvm.bswap.i16(i16 &lt;id&gt;)
5599 declare i32 @llvm.bswap.i32(i32 &lt;id&gt;)
5600 declare i64 @llvm.bswap.i64(i64 &lt;id&gt;)
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5601</pre>
5602
5603<h5>Overview:</h5>
5604
5605<p>
Reid Spencerf361c4f2007-04-02 02:25:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5606The '<tt>llvm.bswap</tt>' family of intrinsics is used to byte swap integer
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5607values with an even number of bytes (positive multiple of 16 bits). These are
5608useful for performing operations on data that is not in the target's native
5609byte order.
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5610</p>
5611
5612<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5613
5614<p>
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5615The <tt>llvm.bswap.i16</tt> intrinsic returns an i16 value that has the high
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5616and low byte of the input i16 swapped. Similarly, the <tt>llvm.bswap.i32</tt>
5617intrinsic returns an i32 value that has the four bytes of the input i32
5618swapped, so that if the input bytes are numbered 0, 1, 2, 3 then the returned
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5619i32 will have its bytes in 3, 2, 1, 0 order. The <tt>llvm.bswap.i48</tt>,
5620<tt>llvm.bswap.i64</tt> and other intrinsics extend this concept to
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5621additional even-byte lengths (6 bytes, 8 bytes and more, respectively).
Nate Begeman0f223bb2006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5622</p>
5623
5624</div>
5625
5626<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5627<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencerb4f9a6f2006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5628 <a name="int_ctpop">'<tt>llvm.ctpop.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5629</div>
5630
5631<div class="doc_text">
5632
5633<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5634<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use llvm.ctpop on any integer bit
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5635width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5636<pre>
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5637 declare i8 @llvm.ctpop.i8 (i8 &lt;src&gt;)
5638 declare i16 @llvm.ctpop.i16(i16 &lt;src&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5639 declare i32 @llvm.ctpop.i32(i32 &lt;src&gt;)
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5640 declare i64 @llvm.ctpop.i64(i64 &lt;src&gt;)
5641 declare i256 @llvm.ctpop.i256(i256 &lt;src&gt;)
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5642</pre>
5643
5644<h5>Overview:</h5>
5645
5646<p>
Chris Lattner069b5bd2006-01-16 22:38:59 +0000[diff] [blame]5647The '<tt>llvm.ctpop</tt>' family of intrinsics counts the number of bits set in a
5648value.
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5649</p>
5650
5651<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5652
5653<p>
Chris Lattner573f64e2005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]5654The only argument is the value to be counted. The argument may be of any
Reid Spencer3e628eb92007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5655integer type. The return type must match the argument type.
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5656</p>
5657
5658<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5659
5660<p>
5661The '<tt>llvm.ctpop</tt>' intrinsic counts the 1's in a variable.
5662</p>
5663</div>
5664
5665<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5666<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattnerb748c672006-01-16 22:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]5667 <a name="int_ctlz">'<tt>llvm.ctlz.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5668</div>
5669
5670<div class="doc_text">
5671
5672<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5673<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.ctlz</tt> on any
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5674integer bit width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5675<pre>
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5676 declare i8 @llvm.ctlz.i8 (i8 &lt;src&gt;)
5677 declare i16 @llvm.ctlz.i16(i16 &lt;src&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5678 declare i32 @llvm.ctlz.i32(i32 &lt;src&gt;)
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5679 declare i64 @llvm.ctlz.i64(i64 &lt;src&gt;)
5680 declare i256 @llvm.ctlz.i256(i256 &lt;src&gt;)
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5681</pre>
5682
5683<h5>Overview:</h5>
5684
5685<p>
Reid Spencerb4f9a6f2006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5686The '<tt>llvm.ctlz</tt>' family of intrinsic functions counts the number of
5687leading zeros in a variable.
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5688</p>
5689
5690<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5691
5692<p>
Chris Lattner573f64e2005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]5693The only argument is the value to be counted. The argument may be of any
Reid Spencer3e628eb92007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5694integer type. The return type must match the argument type.
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5695</p>
5696
5697<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5698
5699<p>
Chris Lattnerefa20fa2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]5700The '<tt>llvm.ctlz</tt>' intrinsic counts the leading (most significant) zeros
5701in a variable. If the src == 0 then the result is the size in bits of the type
Reid Spencerb5ebf3d2006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]5702of src. For example, <tt>llvm.ctlz(i32 2) = 30</tt>.
Andrew Lenharth1d463522005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]5703</p>
5704</div>
Chris Lattner3b4f4372004-06-11 02:28:03 +0000[diff] [blame]5705
5706
Chris Lattnerefa20fa2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]5707
5708<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5709<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattnerb748c672006-01-16 22:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]5710 <a name="int_cttz">'<tt>llvm.cttz.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerefa20fa2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]5711</div>
5712
5713<div class="doc_text">
5714
5715<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer4eefaab2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5716<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.cttz</tt> on any
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5717integer bit width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
Chris Lattnerefa20fa2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]5718<pre>
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5719 declare i8 @llvm.cttz.i8 (i8 &lt;src&gt;)
5720 declare i16 @llvm.cttz.i16(i16 &lt;src&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovbe9c93c2007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]5721 declare i32 @llvm.cttz.i32(i32 &lt;src&gt;)
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5722 declare i64 @llvm.cttz.i64(i64 &lt;src&gt;)
5723 declare i256 @llvm.cttz.i256(i256 &lt;src&gt;)
Chris Lattnerefa20fa2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]5724</pre>
5725
5726<h5>Overview:</h5>
5727
5728<p>
Reid Spencerb4f9a6f2006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5729The '<tt>llvm.cttz</tt>' family of intrinsic functions counts the number of
5730trailing zeros.
Chris Lattnerefa20fa2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]5731</p>
5732
5733<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5734
5735<p>
5736The only argument is the value to be counted. The argument may be of any
Reid Spencer3e628eb92007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5737integer type. The return type must match the argument type.
Chris Lattnerefa20fa2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]5738</p>
5739
5740<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5741
5742<p>
5743The '<tt>llvm.cttz</tt>' intrinsic counts the trailing (least significant) zeros
5744in a variable. If the src == 0 then the result is the size in bits of the type
5745of src. For example, <tt>llvm.cttz(2) = 1</tt>.
5746</p>
5747</div>
5748
Reid Spencer8a5799f2007-04-01 08:27:01 +0000[diff] [blame]5749<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5750<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencerea2945e2007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]5751 <a name="int_part_select">'<tt>llvm.part.select.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5752</div>
5753
5754<div class="doc_text">
5755
5756<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencerea2945e2007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]5757<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.part.select</tt>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5758on any integer bit width.</p>
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5759<pre>
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5760 declare i17 @llvm.part.select.i17 (i17 %val, i32 %loBit, i32 %hiBit)
5761 declare i29 @llvm.part.select.i29 (i29 %val, i32 %loBit, i32 %hiBit)
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5762</pre>
5763
5764<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencerea2945e2007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]5765<p>The '<tt>llvm.part.select</tt>' family of intrinsic functions selects a
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5766range of bits from an integer value and returns them in the same bit width as
5767the original value.</p>
5768
5769<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5770<p>The first argument, <tt>%val</tt> and the result may be integer types of
5771any bit width but they must have the same bit width. The second and third
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5772arguments must be <tt>i32</tt> type since they specify only a bit index.</p>
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5773
5774<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerea2945e2007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]5775<p>The operation of the '<tt>llvm.part.select</tt>' intrinsic has two modes
Reid Spencer96a5f022007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]5776of operation: forwards and reverse. If <tt>%loBit</tt> is greater than
5777<tt>%hiBits</tt> then the intrinsic operates in reverse mode. Otherwise it
5778operates in forward mode.</p>
5779<p>In forward mode, this intrinsic is the equivalent of shifting <tt>%val</tt>
5780right by <tt>%loBit</tt> bits and then ANDing it with a mask with
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5781only the <tt>%hiBit - %loBit</tt> bits set, as follows:</p>
5782<ol>
5783 <li>The <tt>%val</tt> is shifted right (LSHR) by the number of bits specified
5784 by <tt>%loBits</tt>. This normalizes the value to the low order bits.</li>
5785 <li>The <tt>%loBits</tt> value is subtracted from the <tt>%hiBits</tt> value
5786 to determine the number of bits to retain.</li>
5787 <li>A mask of the retained bits is created by shifting a -1 value.</li>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5788 <li>The mask is ANDed with <tt>%val</tt> to produce the result.</li>
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5789</ol>
Reid Spencer70845c02007-05-14 16:14:57 +0000[diff] [blame]5790<p>In reverse mode, a similar computation is made except that the bits are
5791returned in the reverse order. So, for example, if <tt>X</tt> has the value
5792<tt>i16 0x0ACF (101011001111)</tt> and we apply
5793<tt>part.select(i16 X, 8, 3)</tt> to it, we get back the value
5794<tt>i16 0x0026 (000000100110)</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer8bc7d952007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5795</div>
5796
Reid Spencer5bf54c82007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5797<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5798 <a name="int_part_set">'<tt>llvm.part.set.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5799</div>
5800
5801<div class="doc_text">
5802
5803<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5804<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.part.set</tt>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5805on any integer bit width.</p>
Reid Spencer5bf54c82007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5806<pre>
Chandler Carruth7132e002007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5807 declare i17 @llvm.part.set.i17.i9 (i17 %val, i9 %repl, i32 %lo, i32 %hi)
5808 declare i29 @llvm.part.set.i29.i9 (i29 %val, i9 %repl, i32 %lo, i32 %hi)
Reid Spencer5bf54c82007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5809</pre>
5810
5811<h5>Overview:</h5>
5812<p>The '<tt>llvm.part.set</tt>' family of intrinsic functions replaces a range
5813of bits in an integer value with another integer value. It returns the integer
5814with the replaced bits.</p>
5815
5816<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5817<p>The first argument, <tt>%val</tt> and the result may be integer types of
5818any bit width but they must have the same bit width. <tt>%val</tt> is the value
5819whose bits will be replaced. The second argument, <tt>%repl</tt> may be an
5820integer of any bit width. The third and fourth arguments must be <tt>i32</tt>
5821type since they specify only a bit index.</p>
5822
5823<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5824<p>The operation of the '<tt>llvm.part.set</tt>' intrinsic has two modes
5825of operation: forwards and reverse. If <tt>%lo</tt> is greater than
5826<tt>%hi</tt> then the intrinsic operates in reverse mode. Otherwise it
5827operates in forward mode.</p>
5828<p>For both modes, the <tt>%repl</tt> value is prepared for use by either
5829truncating it down to the size of the replacement area or zero extending it
5830up to that size.</p>
5831<p>In forward mode, the bits between <tt>%lo</tt> and <tt>%hi</tt> (inclusive)
5832are replaced with corresponding bits from <tt>%repl</tt>. That is the 0th bit
5833in <tt>%repl</tt> replaces the <tt>%lo</tt>th bit in <tt>%val</tt> and etc. up
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5834to the <tt>%hi</tt>th bit.</p>
Reid Spencer146281c2007-05-14 16:50:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5835<p>In reverse mode, a similar computation is made except that the bits are
5836reversed. That is, the <tt>0</tt>th bit in <tt>%repl</tt> replaces the
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]5837<tt>%hi</tt> bit in <tt>%val</tt> and etc. down to the <tt>%lo</tt>th bit.</p>
Reid Spencer5bf54c82007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5838<h5>Examples:</h5>
5839<pre>
Reid Spencerc70afc32007-04-12 01:03:03 +0000[diff] [blame]5840 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 0, 4, 7) -&gt; 0xFF0F
Reid Spencer146281c2007-05-14 16:50:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5841 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 0, 7, 4) -&gt; 0xFF0F
5842 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 1, 7, 4) -&gt; 0xFF8F
5843 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, F, 8, 3) -&gt; 0xFFE7
Reid Spencerc70afc32007-04-12 01:03:03 +0000[diff] [blame]5844 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 0, 3, 8) -&gt; 0xFE07
Reid Spencer7972c472007-04-11 23:49:50 +0000[diff] [blame]5845</pre>
Reid Spencer5bf54c82007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5846</div>
5847
Chris Lattner941515c2004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5848<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5849<div class="doc_subsection">
5850 <a name="int_debugger">Debugger Intrinsics</a>
5851</div>
5852
5853<div class="doc_text">
5854<p>
5855The LLVM debugger intrinsics (which all start with <tt>llvm.dbg.</tt> prefix),
5856are described in the <a
5857href="SourceLevelDebugging.html#format_common_intrinsics">LLVM Source Level
5858Debugging</a> document.
5859</p>
5860</div>
5861
5862
Jim Laskey2211f492007-03-14 19:31:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5863<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5864<div class="doc_subsection">
5865 <a name="int_eh">Exception Handling Intrinsics</a>
5866</div>
5867
5868<div class="doc_text">
5869<p> The LLVM exception handling intrinsics (which all start with
5870<tt>llvm.eh.</tt> prefix), are described in the <a
5871href="ExceptionHandling.html#format_common_intrinsics">LLVM Exception
5872Handling</a> document. </p>
5873</div>
5874
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5875<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5876<div class="doc_subsection">
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5877 <a name="int_trampoline">Trampoline Intrinsic</a>
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5878</div>
5879
5880<div class="doc_text">
5881<p>
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5882 This intrinsic makes it possible to excise one parameter, marked with
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5883 the <tt>nest</tt> attribute, from a function. The result is a callable
5884 function pointer lacking the nest parameter - the caller does not need
5885 to provide a value for it. Instead, the value to use is stored in
5886 advance in a "trampoline", a block of memory usually allocated
5887 on the stack, which also contains code to splice the nest value into the
5888 argument list. This is used to implement the GCC nested function address
5889 extension.
5890</p>
5891<p>
5892 For example, if the function is
5893 <tt>i32 f(i8* nest %c, i32 %x, i32 %y)</tt> then the resulting function
Bill Wendling252570f2007-09-22 09:23:55 +0000[diff] [blame]5894 pointer has signature <tt>i32 (i32, i32)*</tt>. It can be created as follows:</p>
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5895<pre>
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5896 %tramp = alloca [10 x i8], align 4 ; size and alignment only correct for X86
5897 %tramp1 = getelementptr [10 x i8]* %tramp, i32 0, i32 0
5898 %p = call i8* @llvm.init.trampoline( i8* %tramp1, i8* bitcast (i32 (i8* nest , i32, i32)* @f to i8*), i8* %nval )
5899 %fp = bitcast i8* %p to i32 (i32, i32)*
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5900</pre>
Bill Wendling252570f2007-09-22 09:23:55 +0000[diff] [blame]5901 <p>The call <tt>%val = call i32 %fp( i32 %x, i32 %y )</tt> is then equivalent
5902 to <tt>%val = call i32 %f( i8* %nval, i32 %x, i32 %y )</tt>.</p>
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5903</div>
5904
5905<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5906<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5907 <a name="int_it">'<tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5908</div>
5909<div class="doc_text">
5910<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5911<pre>
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5912declare i8* @llvm.init.trampoline(i8* &lt;tramp&gt;, i8* &lt;func&gt;, i8* &lt;nval&gt;)
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5913</pre>
5914<h5>Overview:</h5>
5915<p>
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5916 This fills the memory pointed to by <tt>tramp</tt> with code
5917 and returns a function pointer suitable for executing it.
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5918</p>
5919<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5920<p>
5921 The <tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt> intrinsic takes three arguments, all
5922 pointers. The <tt>tramp</tt> argument must point to a sufficiently large
5923 and sufficiently aligned block of memory; this memory is written to by the
Duncan Sandsf2bcd372007-08-22 23:39:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5924 intrinsic. Note that the size and the alignment are target-specific - LLVM
5925 currently provides no portable way of determining them, so a front-end that
5926 generates this intrinsic needs to have some target-specific knowledge.
5927 The <tt>func</tt> argument must hold a function bitcast to an <tt>i8*</tt>.
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5928</p>
5929<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5930<p>
5931 The block of memory pointed to by <tt>tramp</tt> is filled with target
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5932 dependent code, turning it into a function. A pointer to this function is
5933 returned, but needs to be bitcast to an
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5934 <a href="#int_trampoline">appropriate function pointer type</a>
Duncan Sands86e01192007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5935 before being called. The new function's signature is the same as that of
5936 <tt>func</tt> with any arguments marked with the <tt>nest</tt> attribute
5937 removed. At most one such <tt>nest</tt> argument is allowed, and it must be
5938 of pointer type. Calling the new function is equivalent to calling
5939 <tt>func</tt> with the same argument list, but with <tt>nval</tt> used for the
5940 missing <tt>nest</tt> argument. If, after calling
5941 <tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt>, the memory pointed to by <tt>tramp</tt> is
5942 modified, then the effect of any later call to the returned function pointer is
5943 undefined.
Duncan Sands644f9172007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5944</p>
5945</div>
5946
5947<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5948<div class="doc_subsection">
Andrew Lenharth9b254ee2008-02-16 01:24:58 +0000[diff] [blame]5949 <a name="int_atomics">Atomic Operations and Synchronization Intrinsics</a>
5950</div>
5951
5952<div class="doc_text">
5953<p>
5954 These intrinsic functions expand the "universal IR" of LLVM to represent
5955 hardware constructs for atomic operations and memory synchronization. This
5956 provides an interface to the hardware, not an interface to the programmer. It
Chris Lattner67c37d12008-08-05 18:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]5957 is aimed at a low enough level to allow any programming models or APIs
5958 (Application Programming Interfaces) which
Andrew Lenharth9b254ee2008-02-16 01:24:58 +0000[diff] [blame]5959 need atomic behaviors to map cleanly onto it. It is also modeled primarily on
5960 hardware behavior. Just as hardware provides a "universal IR" for source
5961 languages, it also provides a starting point for developing a "universal"
5962 atomic operation and synchronization IR.
5963</p>
5964<p>
5965 These do <em>not</em> form an API such as high-level threading libraries,
5966 software transaction memory systems, atomic primitives, and intrinsic
5967 functions as found in BSD, GNU libc, atomic_ops, APR, and other system and
5968 application libraries. The hardware interface provided by LLVM should allow
5969 a clean implementation of all of these APIs and parallel programming models.
5970 No one model or paradigm should be selected above others unless the hardware
5971 itself ubiquitously does so.
5972
5973</p>
5974</div>
5975
5976<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5977<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5978 <a name="int_memory_barrier">'<tt>llvm.memory.barrier</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5979</div>
5980<div class="doc_text">
5981<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5982<pre>
5983declare void @llvm.memory.barrier( i1 &lt;ll&gt;, i1 &lt;ls&gt;, i1 &lt;sl&gt;, i1 &lt;ss&gt;,
5984i1 &lt;device&gt; )
5985
5986</pre>
5987<h5>Overview:</h5>
5988<p>
5989 The <tt>llvm.memory.barrier</tt> intrinsic guarantees ordering between
5990 specific pairs of memory access types.
5991</p>
5992<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5993<p>
5994 The <tt>llvm.memory.barrier</tt> intrinsic requires five boolean arguments.
5995 The first four arguments enables a specific barrier as listed below. The fith
5996 argument specifies that the barrier applies to io or device or uncached memory.
5997
5998</p>
5999 <ul>
6000 <li><tt>ll</tt>: load-load barrier</li>
6001 <li><tt>ls</tt>: load-store barrier</li>
6002 <li><tt>sl</tt>: store-load barrier</li>
6003 <li><tt>ss</tt>: store-store barrier</li>
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]6004 <li><tt>device</tt>: barrier applies to device and uncached memory also.</li>
Andrew Lenharth9b254ee2008-02-16 01:24:58 +0000[diff] [blame]6005 </ul>
6006<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6007<p>
6008 This intrinsic causes the system to enforce some ordering constraints upon
6009 the loads and stores of the program. This barrier does not indicate
6010 <em>when</em> any events will occur, it only enforces an <em>order</em> in
6011 which they occur. For any of the specified pairs of load and store operations
6012 (f.ex. load-load, or store-load), all of the first operations preceding the
6013 barrier will complete before any of the second operations succeeding the
6014 barrier begin. Specifically the semantics for each pairing is as follows:
6015</p>
6016 <ul>
6017 <li><tt>ll</tt>: All loads before the barrier must complete before any load
6018 after the barrier begins.</li>
6019
6020 <li><tt>ls</tt>: All loads before the barrier must complete before any
6021 store after the barrier begins.</li>
6022 <li><tt>ss</tt>: All stores before the barrier must complete before any
6023 store after the barrier begins.</li>
6024 <li><tt>sl</tt>: All stores before the barrier must complete before any
6025 load after the barrier begins.</li>
6026 </ul>
6027<p>
6028 These semantics are applied with a logical "and" behavior when more than one
6029 is enabled in a single memory barrier intrinsic.
6030</p>
6031<p>
6032 Backends may implement stronger barriers than those requested when they do not
6033 support as fine grained a barrier as requested. Some architectures do not
6034 need all types of barriers and on such architectures, these become noops.
6035</p>
6036<h5>Example:</h5>
6037<pre>
6038%ptr = malloc i32
6039 store i32 4, %ptr
6040
6041%result1 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:result1 = 4</i>
6042 call void @llvm.memory.barrier( i1 false, i1 true, i1 false, i1 false )
6043 <i>; guarantee the above finishes</i>
6044 store i32 8, %ptr <i>; before this begins</i>
6045</pre>
6046</div>
6047
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6048<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6049<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6050 <a name="int_atomic_cmp_swap">'<tt>llvm.atomic.cmp.swap.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6051</div>
6052<div class="doc_text">
6053<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6054<p>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6055 This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.atomic.cmp.swap</tt> on
6056 any integer bit width and for different address spaces. Not all targets
6057 support all bit widths however.</p>
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6058
6059<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6060declare i8 @llvm.atomic.cmp.swap.i8.p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;cmp&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt; )
6061declare i16 @llvm.atomic.cmp.swap.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;cmp&gt;, i16 &lt;val&gt; )
6062declare i32 @llvm.atomic.cmp.swap.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;cmp&gt;, i32 &lt;val&gt; )
6063declare i64 @llvm.atomic.cmp.swap.i64.p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;cmp&gt;, i64 &lt;val&gt; )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6064
6065</pre>
6066<h5>Overview:</h5>
6067<p>
6068 This loads a value in memory and compares it to a given value. If they are
6069 equal, it stores a new value into the memory.
6070</p>
6071<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6072<p>
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6073 The <tt>llvm.atomic.cmp.swap</tt> intrinsic takes three arguments. The result as
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6074 well as both <tt>cmp</tt> and <tt>val</tt> must be integer values with the
6075 same bit width. The <tt>ptr</tt> argument must be a pointer to a value of
6076 this integer type. While any bit width integer may be used, targets may only
6077 lower representations they support in hardware.
6078
6079</p>
6080<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6081<p>
6082 This entire intrinsic must be executed atomically. It first loads the value
6083 in memory pointed to by <tt>ptr</tt> and compares it with the value
6084 <tt>cmp</tt>. If they are equal, <tt>val</tt> is stored into the memory. The
6085 loaded value is yielded in all cases. This provides the equivalent of an
6086 atomic compare-and-swap operation within the SSA framework.
6087</p>
6088<h5>Examples:</h5>
6089
6090<pre>
6091%ptr = malloc i32
6092 store i32 4, %ptr
6093
6094%val1 = add i32 4, 4
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6095%result1 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.cmp.swap.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 4, %val1 )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6096 <i>; yields {i32}:result1 = 4</i>
6097%stored1 = icmp eq i32 %result1, 4 <i>; yields {i1}:stored1 = true</i>
6098%memval1 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval1 = 8</i>
6099
6100%val2 = add i32 1, 1
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6101%result2 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.cmp.swap.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 5, %val2 )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6102 <i>; yields {i32}:result2 = 8</i>
6103%stored2 = icmp eq i32 %result2, 5 <i>; yields {i1}:stored2 = false</i>
6104
6105%memval2 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval2 = 8</i>
6106</pre>
6107</div>
6108
6109<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6110<div class="doc_subsubsection">
6111 <a name="int_atomic_swap">'<tt>llvm.atomic.swap.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
6112</div>
6113<div class="doc_text">
6114<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6115
6116<p>
6117 This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.atomic.swap</tt> on any
6118 integer bit width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
6119<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6120declare i8 @llvm.atomic.swap.i8.p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt; )
6121declare i16 @llvm.atomic.swap.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;val&gt; )
6122declare i32 @llvm.atomic.swap.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;val&gt; )
6123declare i64 @llvm.atomic.swap.i64.p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;val&gt; )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6124
6125</pre>
6126<h5>Overview:</h5>
6127<p>
6128 This intrinsic loads the value stored in memory at <tt>ptr</tt> and yields
6129 the value from memory. It then stores the value in <tt>val</tt> in the memory
6130 at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6131</p>
6132<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6133
6134<p>
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6135 The <tt>llvm.atomic.swap</tt> intrinsic takes two arguments. Both the
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6136 <tt>val</tt> argument and the result must be integers of the same bit width.
6137 The first argument, <tt>ptr</tt>, must be a pointer to a value of this
6138 integer type. The targets may only lower integer representations they
6139 support.
6140</p>
6141<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6142<p>
6143 This intrinsic loads the value pointed to by <tt>ptr</tt>, yields it, and
6144 stores <tt>val</tt> back into <tt>ptr</tt> atomically. This provides the
6145 equivalent of an atomic swap operation within the SSA framework.
6146
6147</p>
6148<h5>Examples:</h5>
6149<pre>
6150%ptr = malloc i32
6151 store i32 4, %ptr
6152
6153%val1 = add i32 4, 4
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6154%result1 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.swap.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 %val1 )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6155 <i>; yields {i32}:result1 = 4</i>
6156%stored1 = icmp eq i32 %result1, 4 <i>; yields {i1}:stored1 = true</i>
6157%memval1 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval1 = 8</i>
6158
6159%val2 = add i32 1, 1
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6160%result2 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.swap.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 %val2 )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6161 <i>; yields {i32}:result2 = 8</i>
6162
6163%stored2 = icmp eq i32 %result2, 8 <i>; yields {i1}:stored2 = true</i>
6164%memval2 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval2 = 2</i>
6165</pre>
6166</div>
6167
6168<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6169<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6170 <a name="int_atomic_load_add">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.add.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6171
6172</div>
6173<div class="doc_text">
6174<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6175<p>
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6176 This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.atomic.load.add</tt> on any
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6177 integer bit width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
6178<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6179declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i8..p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6180declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i16..p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6181declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i32..p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6182declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i64..p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6183
6184</pre>
6185<h5>Overview:</h5>
6186<p>
6187 This intrinsic adds <tt>delta</tt> to the value stored in memory at
6188 <tt>ptr</tt>. It yields the original value at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6189</p>
6190<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6191<p>
6192
6193 The intrinsic takes two arguments, the first a pointer to an integer value
6194 and the second an integer value. The result is also an integer value. These
6195 integer types can have any bit width, but they must all have the same bit
6196 width. The targets may only lower integer representations they support.
6197</p>
6198<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6199<p>
6200 This intrinsic does a series of operations atomically. It first loads the
6201 value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>. It then adds <tt>delta</tt>, stores the result
6202 to <tt>ptr</tt>. It yields the original value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6203</p>
6204
6205<h5>Examples:</h5>
6206<pre>
6207%ptr = malloc i32
6208 store i32 4, %ptr
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6209%result1 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 4 )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6210 <i>; yields {i32}:result1 = 4</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6211%result2 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 2 )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6212 <i>; yields {i32}:result2 = 8</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6213%result3 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 5 )
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6214 <i>; yields {i32}:result3 = 10</i>
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6215%memval1 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval1 = 15</i>
Andrew Lenharth95528942008-02-21 06:45:13 +0000[diff] [blame]6216</pre>
6217</div>
6218
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6219<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6220<div class="doc_subsubsection">
6221 <a name="int_atomic_load_sub">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.sub.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
6222
6223</div>
6224<div class="doc_text">
6225<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6226<p>
6227 This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.atomic.load.sub</tt> on
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6228 any integer bit width and for different address spaces. Not all targets
6229 support all bit widths however.</p>
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6230<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6231declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i8.p0i32( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6232declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i16.p0i32( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6233declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6234declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i64.p0i32( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6235
6236</pre>
6237<h5>Overview:</h5>
6238<p>
6239 This intrinsic subtracts <tt>delta</tt> to the value stored in memory at
6240 <tt>ptr</tt>. It yields the original value at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6241</p>
6242<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6243<p>
6244
6245 The intrinsic takes two arguments, the first a pointer to an integer value
6246 and the second an integer value. The result is also an integer value. These
6247 integer types can have any bit width, but they must all have the same bit
6248 width. The targets may only lower integer representations they support.
6249</p>
6250<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6251<p>
6252 This intrinsic does a series of operations atomically. It first loads the
6253 value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>. It then subtracts <tt>delta</tt>, stores the
6254 result to <tt>ptr</tt>. It yields the original value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6255</p>
6256
6257<h5>Examples:</h5>
6258<pre>
6259%ptr = malloc i32
6260 store i32 8, %ptr
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6261%result1 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 4 )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6262 <i>; yields {i32}:result1 = 8</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6263%result2 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 2 )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6264 <i>; yields {i32}:result2 = 4</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6265%result3 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 5 )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6266 <i>; yields {i32}:result3 = 2</i>
6267%memval1 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval1 = -3</i>
6268</pre>
6269</div>
6270
6271<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6272<div class="doc_subsubsection">
6273 <a name="int_atomic_load_and">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.and.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6274 <a name="int_atomic_load_nand">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.nand.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6275 <a name="int_atomic_load_or">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.or.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6276 <a name="int_atomic_load_xor">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.xor.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6277
6278</div>
6279<div class="doc_text">
6280<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6281<p>
6282 These are overloaded intrinsics. You can use <tt>llvm.atomic.load_and</tt>,
6283 <tt>llvm.atomic.load_nand</tt>, <tt>llvm.atomic.load_or</tt>, and
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6284 <tt>llvm.atomic.load_xor</tt> on any integer bit width and for different
6285 address spaces. Not all targets support all bit widths however.</p>
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6286<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6287declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.and.i8.p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6288declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.and.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6289declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.and.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6290declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.and.i64.p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6291
6292</pre>
6293
6294<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6295declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.or.i8.p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6296declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.or.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6297declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.or.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6298declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.or.i64.p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6299
6300</pre>
6301
6302<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6303declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.nand.i8.p0i32( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6304declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.nand.i16.p0i32( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6305declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.nand.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6306declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.nand.i64.p0i32( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6307
6308</pre>
6309
6310<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6311declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.xor.i8.p0i32( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6312declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.xor.i16.p0i32( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6313declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.xor.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6314declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.xor.i64.p0i32( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6315
6316</pre>
6317<h5>Overview:</h5>
6318<p>
6319 These intrinsics bitwise the operation (and, nand, or, xor) <tt>delta</tt> to
6320 the value stored in memory at <tt>ptr</tt>. It yields the original value
6321 at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6322</p>
6323<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6324<p>
6325
6326 These intrinsics take two arguments, the first a pointer to an integer value
6327 and the second an integer value. The result is also an integer value. These
6328 integer types can have any bit width, but they must all have the same bit
6329 width. The targets may only lower integer representations they support.
6330</p>
6331<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6332<p>
6333 These intrinsics does a series of operations atomically. They first load the
6334 value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>. They then do the bitwise operation
6335 <tt>delta</tt>, store the result to <tt>ptr</tt>. They yield the original
6336 value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6337</p>
6338
6339<h5>Examples:</h5>
6340<pre>
6341%ptr = malloc i32
6342 store i32 0x0F0F, %ptr
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6343%result0 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.nand.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 0xFF )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6344 <i>; yields {i32}:result0 = 0x0F0F</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6345%result1 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.and.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 0xFF )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6346 <i>; yields {i32}:result1 = 0xFFFFFFF0</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6347%result2 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.or.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 0F )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6348 <i>; yields {i32}:result2 = 0xF0</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6349%result3 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.xor.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 0F )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6350 <i>; yields {i32}:result3 = FF</i>
6351%memval1 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval1 = F0</i>
6352</pre>
6353</div>
6354
6355
6356<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6357<div class="doc_subsubsection">
6358 <a name="int_atomic_load_max">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.max.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6359 <a name="int_atomic_load_min">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.min.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6360 <a name="int_atomic_load_umax">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.umax.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6361 <a name="int_atomic_load_umin">'<tt>llvm.atomic.load.umin.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a><br>
6362
6363</div>
6364<div class="doc_text">
6365<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6366<p>
6367 These are overloaded intrinsics. You can use <tt>llvm.atomic.load_max</tt>,
6368 <tt>llvm.atomic.load_min</tt>, <tt>llvm.atomic.load_umax</tt>, and
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6369 <tt>llvm.atomic.load_umin</tt> on any integer bit width and for different
6370 address spaces. Not all targets
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6371 support all bit widths however.</p>
6372<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6373declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.max.i8.p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6374declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.max.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6375declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.max.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6376declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.max.i64.p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6377
6378</pre>
6379
6380<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6381declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.min.i8.p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6382declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.min.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6383declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.min.i32..p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6384declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.min.i64..p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6385
6386</pre>
6387
6388<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6389declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.umax.i8.p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6390declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.umax.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6391declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.umax.i32.p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6392declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.umax.i64.p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6393
6394</pre>
6395
6396<pre>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6397declare i8 @llvm.atomic.load.umin.i8..p0i8( i8* &lt;ptr&gt;, i8 &lt;delta&gt; )
6398declare i16 @llvm.atomic.load.umin.i16.p0i16( i16* &lt;ptr&gt;, i16 &lt;delta&gt; )
6399declare i32 @llvm.atomic.load.umin.i32..p0i32( i32* &lt;ptr&gt;, i32 &lt;delta&gt; )
6400declare i64 @llvm.atomic.load.umin.i64..p0i64( i64* &lt;ptr&gt;, i64 &lt;delta&gt; )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6401
6402</pre>
6403<h5>Overview:</h5>
6404<p>
6405 These intrinsics takes the signed or unsigned minimum or maximum of
6406 <tt>delta</tt> and the value stored in memory at <tt>ptr</tt>. It yields the
6407 original value at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6408</p>
6409<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6410<p>
6411
6412 These intrinsics take two arguments, the first a pointer to an integer value
6413 and the second an integer value. The result is also an integer value. These
6414 integer types can have any bit width, but they must all have the same bit
6415 width. The targets may only lower integer representations they support.
6416</p>
6417<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6418<p>
6419 These intrinsics does a series of operations atomically. They first load the
6420 value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>. They then do the signed or unsigned min or max
6421 <tt>delta</tt> and the value, store the result to <tt>ptr</tt>. They yield
6422 the original value stored at <tt>ptr</tt>.
6423</p>
6424
6425<h5>Examples:</h5>
6426<pre>
6427%ptr = malloc i32
6428 store i32 7, %ptr
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6429%result0 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.min.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 -2 )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6430 <i>; yields {i32}:result0 = 7</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6431%result1 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.max.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 8 )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6432 <i>; yields {i32}:result1 = -2</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6433%result2 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.umin.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 10 )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6434 <i>; yields {i32}:result2 = 8</i>
Mon P Wang2c839d42008-07-30 04:36:53 +0000[diff] [blame]6435%result3 = call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.umax.i32.p0i32( i32* %ptr, i32 30 )
Mon P Wang6a490372008-06-25 08:15:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6436 <i>; yields {i32}:result3 = 8</i>
6437%memval1 = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:memval1 = 30</i>
6438</pre>
6439</div>
Andrew Lenharth9b254ee2008-02-16 01:24:58 +0000[diff] [blame]6440
6441<!-- ======================================================================= -->
6442<div class="doc_subsection">
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]6443 <a name="int_general">General Intrinsics</a>
6444</div>
6445
6446<div class="doc_text">
6447<p> This class of intrinsics is designed to be generic and has
6448no specific purpose. </p>
6449</div>
6450
6451<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6452<div class="doc_subsubsection">
6453 <a name="int_var_annotation">'<tt>llvm.var.annotation</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
6454</div>
6455
6456<div class="doc_text">
6457
6458<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6459<pre>
Tanya Lattnerbed1d4d2007-06-18 23:42:37 +0000[diff] [blame]6460 declare void @llvm.var.annotation(i8* &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]6461</pre>
6462
6463<h5>Overview:</h5>
6464
6465<p>
6466The '<tt>llvm.var.annotation</tt>' intrinsic
6467</p>
6468
6469<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6470
6471<p>
Tanya Lattnerbed1d4d2007-06-18 23:42:37 +0000[diff] [blame]6472The first argument is a pointer to a value, the second is a pointer to a
6473global string, the third is a pointer to a global string which is the source
6474file name, and the last argument is the line number.
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]6475</p>
6476
6477<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6478
6479<p>
Anton Korobeynikov06cbb652008-01-15 22:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]6480This intrinsic allows annotation of local variables with arbitrary strings.
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]6481This can be useful for special purpose optimizations that want to look for these
Anton Korobeynikov06cbb652008-01-15 22:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]6482annotations. These have no other defined use, they are ignored by code
6483generation and optimization.
6484</p>
Tanya Lattnercb1b9602007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]6485</div>
6486
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]6487<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6488<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Tanya Lattner0186a652007-09-21 23:57:59 +0000[diff] [blame]6489 <a name="int_annotation">'<tt>llvm.annotation.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]6490</div>
6491
6492<div class="doc_text">
6493
6494<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Tanya Lattner23dbd572007-09-21 23:56:27 +0000[diff] [blame]6495<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use '<tt>llvm.annotation</tt>' on
6496any integer bit width.
6497</p>
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]6498<pre>
Tanya Lattnercf3e26f2007-09-22 00:03:01 +0000[diff] [blame]6499 declare i8 @llvm.annotation.i8(i8 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
6500 declare i16 @llvm.annotation.i16(i16 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
6501 declare i32 @llvm.annotation.i32(i32 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
6502 declare i64 @llvm.annotation.i64(i64 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
6503 declare i256 @llvm.annotation.i256(i256 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]6504</pre>
6505
6506<h5>Overview:</h5>
Tanya Lattner23dbd572007-09-21 23:56:27 +0000[diff] [blame]6507
6508<p>
6509The '<tt>llvm.annotation</tt>' intrinsic.
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]6510</p>
6511
6512<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6513
6514<p>
6515The first argument is an integer value (result of some expression),
6516the second is a pointer to a global string, the third is a pointer to a global
6517string which is the source file name, and the last argument is the line number.
Tanya Lattner23dbd572007-09-21 23:56:27 +0000[diff] [blame]6518It returns the value of the first argument.
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]6519</p>
6520
6521<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6522
6523<p>
6524This intrinsic allows annotations to be put on arbitrary expressions
6525with arbitrary strings. This can be useful for special purpose optimizations
6526that want to look for these annotations. These have no other defined use, they
6527are ignored by code generation and optimization.
Dan Gohmanef9462f2008-10-14 16:51:45 +0000[diff] [blame]6528</p>
Tanya Lattner293c0372007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]6529</div>
Jim Laskey2211f492007-03-14 19:31:19 +0000[diff] [blame]6530
Anton Korobeynikov06cbb652008-01-15 22:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]6531<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6532<div class="doc_subsubsection">
6533 <a name="int_trap">'<tt>llvm.trap</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
6534</div>
6535
6536<div class="doc_text">
6537
6538<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6539<pre>
6540 declare void @llvm.trap()
6541</pre>
6542
6543<h5>Overview:</h5>
6544
6545<p>
6546The '<tt>llvm.trap</tt>' intrinsic
6547</p>
6548
6549<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6550
6551<p>
6552None
6553</p>
6554
6555<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6556
6557<p>
6558This intrinsics is lowered to the target dependent trap instruction. If the
6559target does not have a trap instruction, this intrinsic will be lowered to the
6560call of the abort() function.
6561</p>
6562</div>
6563
Bill Wendling14313312008-11-19 05:56:17 +0000[diff] [blame]6564<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
6565<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Misha Brukman50de2b22008-11-22 23:55:29 +0000[diff] [blame]6566 <a name="int_stackprotector">'<tt>llvm.stackprotector</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Bill Wendling14313312008-11-19 05:56:17 +0000[diff] [blame]6567</div>
6568<div class="doc_text">
6569<h5>Syntax:</h5>
6570<pre>
6571declare void @llvm.stackprotector( i8* &lt;guard&gt;, i8** &lt;slot&gt; )
6572
6573</pre>
6574<h5>Overview:</h5>
6575<p>
6576 The <tt>llvm.stackprotector</tt> intrinsic takes the <tt>guard</tt> and stores
6577 it onto the stack at <tt>slot</tt>. The stack slot is adjusted to ensure that
6578 it is placed on the stack before local variables.
6579</p>
6580<h5>Arguments:</h5>
6581<p>
6582 The <tt>llvm.stackprotector</tt> intrinsic requires two pointer arguments. The
6583 first argument is the value loaded from the stack guard
6584 <tt>@__stack_chk_guard</tt>. The second variable is an <tt>alloca</tt> that
6585 has enough space to hold the value of the guard.
6586</p>
6587<h5>Semantics:</h5>
6588<p>
6589 This intrinsic causes the prologue/epilogue inserter to force the position of
6590 the <tt>AllocaInst</tt> stack slot to be before local variables on the
6591 stack. This is to ensure that if a local variable on the stack is overwritten,
6592 it will destroy the value of the guard. When the function exits, the guard on
6593 the stack is checked against the original guard. If they're different, then
6594 the program aborts by calling the <tt>__stack_chk_fail()</tt> function.
6595</p>
6596</div>
6597
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]6598<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner2f7c9632001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]6599<hr>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]6600<address>
6601 <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer"><img
Misha Brukman86242e12008-12-11 17:34:48 +0000[diff] [blame]6602 src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss-blue" alt="Valid CSS"></a>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]6603 <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img
Misha Brukman86242e12008-12-11 17:34:48 +0000[diff] [blame]6604 src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401-blue" alt="Valid HTML 4.01"></a>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]6605
6606 <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a><br>
Reid Spencerca058542006-03-14 05:39:39 +0000[diff] [blame]6607 <a href="http://llvm.org">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a><br>
Misha Brukmanc501f552004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]6608 Last modified: $Date$
6609</address>
Chris Lattnerb8f816e2008-01-04 04:33:49 +0000[diff] [blame]6610
Misha Brukman76307852003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]6611</body>
6612</html>