llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/InstructionCombining.cpp

//===- InstructionCombining.cpp - Combine multiple instructions -----------===//
//
// InstructionCombining - Combine instructions to form fewer, simple
// instructions.  This pass does not modify the CFG This pass is where algebraic
// simplification happens.
//
// This pass combines things like:
//    %Y = add int 1, %X
//    %Z = add int 1, %Y
// into:
//    %Z = add int 2, %X
//
// This is a simple worklist driven algorithm.
//
// This pass guarantees that the following cannonicalizations are performed on
// the program:
//    1. If a binary operator has a constant operand, it is moved to the RHS
//    2. Logical operators with constant operands are always grouped so that
//       'or's are performed first, then 'and's, then 'xor's.
//    3. SetCC instructions are converted from <,>,<=,>= to ==,!= if possible
//    4. All SetCC instructions on boolean values are replaced with logical ops
//    N. This list is incomplete
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
#include "llvm/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/ConstantHandling.h"
#include "llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/GlobalVariable.h"
#include "llvm/Support/InstIterator.h"
#include "llvm/Support/InstVisitor.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CallSite.h"
#include "Support/Statistic.h"
#include <algorithm>

namespace {
  Statistic<> NumCombined ("instcombine", "Number of insts combined");
  Statistic<> NumConstProp("instcombine", "Number of constant folds");
  Statistic<> NumDeadInst ("instcombine", "Number of dead inst eliminated");

  class InstCombiner : public FunctionPass,
                       public InstVisitor<InstCombiner, Instruction*> {
    // Worklist of all of the instructions that need to be simplified.
    std::vector<Instruction*> WorkList;

    void AddUsesToWorkList(Instruction &I) {
      // The instruction was simplified, add all users of the instruction to
      // the work lists because they might get more simplified now...
      //
      for (Value::use_iterator UI = I.use_begin(), UE = I.use_end();
           UI != UE; ++UI)
        WorkList.push_back(cast<Instruction>(*UI));
    }

    // removeFromWorkList - remove all instances of I from the worklist.
    void removeFromWorkList(Instruction *I);
  public:
    virtual bool runOnFunction(Function &F);

    virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
      AU.setPreservesCFG();
    }

    // Visitation implementation - Implement instruction combining for different
    // instruction types.  The semantics are as follows:
    // Return Value:
    //    null        - No change was made
    //     I          - Change was made, I is still valid, I may be dead though
    //   otherwise    - Change was made, replace I with returned instruction
    //   
    Instruction *visitAdd(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitSub(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitMul(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitDiv(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitRem(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitAnd(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitOr (BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitXor(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitSetCondInst(BinaryOperator &I);
    Instruction *visitShiftInst(ShiftInst &I);
    Instruction *visitCastInst(CastInst &CI);
    Instruction *visitCallInst(CallInst &CI);
    Instruction *visitInvokeInst(InvokeInst &II);
    Instruction *visitPHINode(PHINode &PN);
    Instruction *visitGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst &GEP);
    Instruction *visitAllocationInst(AllocationInst &AI);
    Instruction *visitLoadInst(LoadInst &LI);
    Instruction *visitBranchInst(BranchInst &BI);

    // visitInstruction - Specify what to return for unhandled instructions...
    Instruction *visitInstruction(Instruction &I) { return 0; }

  private:
    bool transformConstExprCastCall(CallSite CS);

    // InsertNewInstBefore - insert an instruction New before instruction Old
    // in the program.  Add the new instruction to the worklist.
    //
    void InsertNewInstBefore(Instruction *New, Instruction &Old) {
      assert(New && New->getParent() == 0 &&
             "New instruction already inserted into a basic block!");
      BasicBlock *BB = Old.getParent();
      BB->getInstList().insert(&Old, New);  // Insert inst
      WorkList.push_back(New);              // Add to worklist
    }

    // ReplaceInstUsesWith - This method is to be used when an instruction is
    // found to be dead, replacable with another preexisting expression.  Here
    // we add all uses of I to the worklist, replace all uses of I with the new
    // value, then return I, so that the inst combiner will know that I was
    // modified.
    //
    Instruction *ReplaceInstUsesWith(Instruction &I, Value *V) {
      AddUsesToWorkList(I);         // Add all modified instrs to worklist
      I.replaceAllUsesWith(V);
      return &I;
    }

    /// InsertOperandCastBefore - This inserts a cast of V to DestTy before the
    /// InsertBefore instruction.  This is specialized a bit to avoid inserting
    /// casts that are known to not do anything...
    ///
    Value *InsertOperandCastBefore(Value *V, const Type *DestTy,
                                   Instruction *InsertBefore);

    // SimplifyCommutative - This performs a few simplifications for commutative
    // operators...
    bool SimplifyCommutative(BinaryOperator &I);
  };

  RegisterOpt<InstCombiner> X("instcombine", "Combine redundant instructions");
}

// getComplexity:  Assign a complexity or rank value to LLVM Values...
//   0 -> Constant, 1 -> Other, 2 -> Argument, 2 -> Unary, 3 -> OtherInst
static unsigned getComplexity(Value *V) {
  if (isa<Instruction>(V)) {
    if (BinaryOperator::isNeg(V) || BinaryOperator::isNot(V))
      return 2;
    return 3;
  }
  if (isa<Argument>(V)) return 2;
  return isa<Constant>(V) ? 0 : 1;
}

// isOnlyUse - Return true if this instruction will be deleted if we stop using
// it.
static bool isOnlyUse(Value *V) {
  return V->use_size() == 1 || isa<Constant>(V);
}

// SimplifyCommutative - This performs a few simplifications for commutative
// operators:
//
//  1. Order operands such that they are listed from right (least complex) to
//     left (most complex).  This puts constants before unary operators before
//     binary operators.
//
//  2. Transform: (op (op V, C1), C2) ==> (op V, (op C1, C2))
//  3. Transform: (op (op V1, C1), (op V2, C2)) ==> (op (op V1, V2), (op C1,C2))
//
bool InstCombiner::SimplifyCommutative(BinaryOperator &I) {
  bool Changed = false;
  if (getComplexity(I.getOperand(0)) < getComplexity(I.getOperand(1)))
    Changed = !I.swapOperands();
  
  if (!I.isAssociative()) return Changed;
  Instruction::BinaryOps Opcode = I.getOpcode();
  if (BinaryOperator *Op = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(I.getOperand(0)))
    if (Op->getOpcode() == Opcode && isa<Constant>(Op->getOperand(1))) {
      if (isa<Constant>(I.getOperand(1))) {
        Constant *Folded = ConstantExpr::get(I.getOpcode(),
                                             cast<Constant>(I.getOperand(1)),
                                             cast<Constant>(Op->getOperand(1)));
        I.setOperand(0, Op->getOperand(0));
        I.setOperand(1, Folded);
        return true;
      } else if (BinaryOperator *Op1=dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(I.getOperand(1)))
        if (Op1->getOpcode() == Opcode && isa<Constant>(Op1->getOperand(1)) &&
            isOnlyUse(Op) && isOnlyUse(Op1)) {
          Constant *C1 = cast<Constant>(Op->getOperand(1));
          Constant *C2 = cast<Constant>(Op1->getOperand(1));

          // Fold (op (op V1, C1), (op V2, C2)) ==> (op (op V1, V2), (op C1,C2))
          Constant *Folded = ConstantExpr::get(I.getOpcode(), C1, C2);
          Instruction *New = BinaryOperator::create(Opcode, Op->getOperand(0),
                                                    Op1->getOperand(0),
                                                    Op1->getName(), &I);
          WorkList.push_back(New);
          I.setOperand(0, New);
          I.setOperand(1, Folded);
          return true;
        }      
    }
  return Changed;
}

// dyn_castNegVal - Given a 'sub' instruction, return the RHS of the instruction
// if the LHS is a constant zero (which is the 'negate' form).
//
static inline Value *dyn_castNegVal(Value *V) {
  if (BinaryOperator::isNeg(V))
    return BinaryOperator::getNegArgument(cast<BinaryOperator>(V));

  // Constants can be considered to be negated values if they can be folded...
  if (Constant *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V))
    return ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Sub,
                             Constant::getNullValue(V->getType()), C);
  return 0;
}

static inline Value *dyn_castNotVal(Value *V) {
  if (BinaryOperator::isNot(V))
    return BinaryOperator::getNotArgument(cast<BinaryOperator>(V));

  // Constants can be considered to be not'ed values...
  if (ConstantIntegral *C = dyn_cast<ConstantIntegral>(V))
    return ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Xor,
                             ConstantIntegral::getAllOnesValue(C->getType()),C);
  return 0;
}

// dyn_castFoldableMul - If this value is a multiply that can be folded into
// other computations (because it has a constant operand), return the
// non-constant operand of the multiply.
//
static inline Value *dyn_castFoldableMul(Value *V) {
  if (V->use_size() == 1 && V->getType()->isInteger())
    if (Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V))
      if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul)
        if (isa<Constant>(I->getOperand(1)))
          return I->getOperand(0);
  return 0;
}

// dyn_castMaskingAnd - If this value is an And instruction masking a value with
// a constant, return the constant being anded with.
//
static inline Constant *dyn_castMaskingAnd(Value *V) {
  if (Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V))
    if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And)
      return dyn_cast<Constant>(I->getOperand(1));

  // If this is a constant, it acts just like we were masking with it.
  return dyn_cast<Constant>(V);
}

// Log2 - Calculate the log base 2 for the specified value if it is exactly a
// power of 2.
static unsigned Log2(uint64_t Val) {
  assert(Val > 1 && "Values 0 and 1 should be handled elsewhere!");
  unsigned Count = 0;
  while (Val != 1) {
    if (Val & 1) return 0;    // Multiple bits set?
    Val >>= 1;
    ++Count;
  }
  return Count;
}

Instruction *InstCombiner::visitAdd(BinaryOperator &I) {
  bool Changed = SimplifyCommutative(I);
  Value *LHS = I.getOperand(0), *RHS = I.getOperand(1);

  // Eliminate 'add int %X, 0'
  if (RHS == Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()))
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, LHS);

  // -A + B  -->  B - A
  if (Value *V = dyn_castNegVal(LHS))
    return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Sub, RHS, V);

  // A + -B  -->  A - B
  if (!isa<Constant>(RHS))
    if (Value *V = dyn_castNegVal(RHS))
      return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Sub, LHS, V);

  // X*C + X --> X * (C+1)
  if (dyn_castFoldableMul(LHS) == RHS) {
    Constant *CP1 =
      ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Add, 
                        cast<Constant>(cast<Instruction>(LHS)->getOperand(1)),
                        ConstantInt::get(I.getType(), 1));
    return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Mul, RHS, CP1);
  }

  // X + X*C --> X * (C+1)
  if (dyn_castFoldableMul(RHS) == LHS) {
    Constant *CP1 =
      ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Add,
                        cast<Constant>(cast<Instruction>(RHS)->getOperand(1)),
                        ConstantInt::get(I.getType(), 1));
    return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Mul, LHS, CP1);
  }

  // (A & C1)+(B & C2) -> (A & C1)|(B & C2) iff C1&C2 == 0
  if (Constant *C1 = dyn_castMaskingAnd(LHS))
    if (Constant *C2 = dyn_castMaskingAnd(RHS))
      if (ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::And, C1, C2)->isNullValue())
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or, LHS, RHS);

  return Changed ? &I : 0;
}

// isSignBit - Return true if the value represented by the constant only has the
// highest order bit set.
static bool isSignBit(ConstantInt *CI) {
  unsigned NumBits = CI->getType()->getPrimitiveSize()*8;
  return (CI->getRawValue() & ~(-1LL << NumBits)) == (1ULL << (NumBits-1));
}

static unsigned getTypeSizeInBits(const Type *Ty) {
  return Ty == Type::BoolTy ? 1 : Ty->getPrimitiveSize()*8;
}

Instruction *InstCombiner::visitSub(BinaryOperator &I) {
  Value *Op0 = I.getOperand(0), *Op1 = I.getOperand(1);

  if (Op0 == Op1)         // sub X, X  -> 0
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()));

  // If this is a 'B = x-(-A)', change to B = x+A...
  if (Value *V = dyn_castNegVal(Op1))
    return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Add, Op0, V);

  // Replace (-1 - A) with (~A)...
  if (ConstantInt *C = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op0))
    if (C->isAllOnesValue())
      return BinaryOperator::createNot(Op1);

  if (BinaryOperator *Op1I = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Op1))
    if (Op1I->use_size() == 1) {
      // Replace (x - (y - z)) with (x + (z - y)) if the (y - z) subexpression
      // is not used by anyone else...
      //
      if (Op1I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub) {
        // Swap the two operands of the subexpr...
        Value *IIOp0 = Op1I->getOperand(0), *IIOp1 = Op1I->getOperand(1);
        Op1I->setOperand(0, IIOp1);
        Op1I->setOperand(1, IIOp0);
        
        // Create the new top level add instruction...
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Add, Op0, Op1);
      }

      // Replace (A - (A & B)) with (A & ~B) if this is the only use of (A&B)...
      //
      if (Op1I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And &&
          (Op1I->getOperand(0) == Op0 || Op1I->getOperand(1) == Op0)) {
        Value *OtherOp = Op1I->getOperand(Op1I->getOperand(0) == Op0);

        Instruction *NewNot = BinaryOperator::createNot(OtherOp, "B.not", &I);
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, Op0, NewNot);
      }

      // X - X*C --> X * (1-C)
      if (dyn_castFoldableMul(Op1I) == Op0) {
        Constant *CP1 =
          ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Sub,
                            ConstantInt::get(I.getType(), 1),
                         cast<Constant>(cast<Instruction>(Op1)->getOperand(1)));
        assert(CP1 && "Couldn't constant fold 1-C?");
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Mul, Op0, CP1);
      }
    }

  // X*C - X --> X * (C-1)
  if (dyn_castFoldableMul(Op0) == Op1) {
    Constant *CP1 =
      ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Sub,
                        cast<Constant>(cast<Instruction>(Op0)->getOperand(1)),
                        ConstantInt::get(I.getType(), 1));
    assert(CP1 && "Couldn't constant fold C - 1?");
    return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Mul, Op1, CP1);
  }

  return 0;
}

Instruction *InstCombiner::visitMul(BinaryOperator &I) {
  bool Changed = SimplifyCommutative(I);
  Value *Op0 = I.getOperand(0);

  // Simplify mul instructions with a constant RHS...
  if (Constant *Op1 = dyn_cast<Constant>(I.getOperand(1))) {
    if (ConstantInt *CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op1)) {
      const Type *Ty = CI->getType();
      int64_t Val = (int64_t)cast<ConstantInt>(CI)->getRawValue();
      switch (Val) {
      case -1:                               // X * -1 -> -X
        return BinaryOperator::createNeg(Op0, I.getName());
      case 0:
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op1);  // Eliminate 'mul double %X, 0'
      case 1:
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op0);  // Eliminate 'mul int %X, 1'
      case 2:                     // Convert 'mul int %X, 2' to 'add int %X, %X'
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Add, Op0, Op0, I.getName());
      }

      if (uint64_t C = Log2(Val))            // Replace X*(2^C) with X << C
        return new ShiftInst(Instruction::Shl, Op0,
                             ConstantUInt::get(Type::UByteTy, C));
    } else {
      ConstantFP *Op1F = cast<ConstantFP>(Op1);
      if (Op1F->isNullValue())
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op1);

      // "In IEEE floating point, x*1 is not equivalent to x for nans.  However,
      // ANSI says we can drop signals, so we can do this anyway." (from GCC)
      if (Op1F->getValue() == 1.0)
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op0);  // Eliminate 'mul double %X, 1.0'
    }
  }

  if (Value *Op0v = dyn_castNegVal(Op0))     // -X * -Y = X*Y
    if (Value *Op1v = dyn_castNegVal(I.getOperand(1)))
      return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Mul, Op0v, Op1v);

  return Changed ? &I : 0;
}

Instruction *InstCombiner::visitDiv(BinaryOperator &I) {
  // div X, 1 == X
  if (ConstantInt *RHS = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(I.getOperand(1))) {
    if (RHS->equalsInt(1))
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, I.getOperand(0));

    // Check to see if this is an unsigned division with an exact power of 2,
    // if so, convert to a right shift.
    if (ConstantUInt *C = dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(RHS))
      if (uint64_t Val = C->getValue())    // Don't break X / 0
        if (uint64_t C = Log2(Val))
          return new ShiftInst(Instruction::Shr, I.getOperand(0),
                               ConstantUInt::get(Type::UByteTy, C));
  }

  // 0 / X == 0, we don't need to preserve faults!
  if (ConstantInt *LHS = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(I.getOperand(0)))
    if (LHS->equalsInt(0))
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()));

  return 0;
}


Instruction *InstCombiner::visitRem(BinaryOperator &I) {
  if (ConstantInt *RHS = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(I.getOperand(1))) {
    if (RHS->equalsInt(1))  // X % 1 == 0
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()));

    // Check to see if this is an unsigned remainder with an exact power of 2,
    // if so, convert to a bitwise and.
    if (ConstantUInt *C = dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(RHS))
      if (uint64_t Val = C->getValue())    // Don't break X % 0 (divide by zero)
        if (Log2(Val))
          return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, I.getOperand(0),
                                        ConstantUInt::get(I.getType(), Val-1));
  }

  // 0 % X == 0, we don't need to preserve faults!
  if (ConstantInt *LHS = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(I.getOperand(0)))
    if (LHS->equalsInt(0))
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()));

  return 0;
}

// isMaxValueMinusOne - return true if this is Max-1
static bool isMaxValueMinusOne(const ConstantInt *C) {
  if (const ConstantUInt *CU = dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(C)) {
    // Calculate -1 casted to the right type...
    unsigned TypeBits = C->getType()->getPrimitiveSize()*8;
    uint64_t Val = ~0ULL;                // All ones
    Val >>= 64-TypeBits;                 // Shift out unwanted 1 bits...
    return CU->getValue() == Val-1;
  }

  const ConstantSInt *CS = cast<ConstantSInt>(C);
  
  // Calculate 0111111111..11111
  unsigned TypeBits = C->getType()->getPrimitiveSize()*8;
  int64_t Val = INT64_MAX;             // All ones
  Val >>= 64-TypeBits;                 // Shift out unwanted 1 bits...
  return CS->getValue() == Val-1;
}

// isMinValuePlusOne - return true if this is Min+1
static bool isMinValuePlusOne(const ConstantInt *C) {
  if (const ConstantUInt *CU = dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(C))
    return CU->getValue() == 1;

  const ConstantSInt *CS = cast<ConstantSInt>(C);
  
  // Calculate 1111111111000000000000 
  unsigned TypeBits = C->getType()->getPrimitiveSize()*8;
  int64_t Val = -1;                    // All ones
  Val <<= TypeBits-1;                  // Shift over to the right spot
  return CS->getValue() == Val+1;
}


Instruction *InstCombiner::visitAnd(BinaryOperator &I) {
  bool Changed = SimplifyCommutative(I);
  Value *Op0 = I.getOperand(0), *Op1 = I.getOperand(1);

  // and X, X = X   and X, 0 == 0
  if (Op0 == Op1 || Op1 == Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()))
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op1);

  // and X, -1 == X
  if (ConstantIntegral *RHS = dyn_cast<ConstantIntegral>(Op1)) {
    if (RHS->isAllOnesValue())
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op0);

    if (BinaryOperator *Op0I = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Op0)) {
      Value *X = Op0I->getOperand(0);
      if (ConstantInt *Op0CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op0I->getOperand(1)))
        if (Op0I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Xor) {
          if ((*RHS & *Op0CI)->isNullValue()) {
            // (X ^ C1) & C2 --> (X & C2) iff (C1&C2) == 0
            return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, X, RHS);
          } else if (isOnlyUse(Op0)) {
            // (X ^ C1) & C2 --> (X & C2) ^ (C1&C2)
            std::string Op0Name = Op0I->getName(); Op0I->setName("");
            Instruction *And = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And,
                                                      X, RHS, Op0Name);
            InsertNewInstBefore(And, I);
            return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Xor, And, *RHS & *Op0CI);
          }
        } else if (Op0I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or) {
          // (X | C1) & C2 --> X & C2 iff C1 & C1 == 0
          if ((*RHS & *Op0CI)->isNullValue())
            return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, X, RHS);

          Constant *Together = *RHS & *Op0CI;
          if (Together == RHS) // (X | C) & C --> C
            return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, RHS);

          if (isOnlyUse(Op0)) {
            if (Together != Op0CI) {
              // (X | C1) & C2 --> (X | (C1&C2)) & C2
              std::string Op0Name = Op0I->getName(); Op0I->setName("");
              Instruction *Or = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or, X,
                                                       Together, Op0Name);
              InsertNewInstBefore(Or, I);
              return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, Or, RHS);
            }
          }
        }
    }
  }

  Value *Op0NotVal = dyn_castNotVal(Op0);
  Value *Op1NotVal = dyn_castNotVal(Op1);

  // (~A & ~B) == (~(A | B)) - Demorgan's Law
  if (Op0NotVal && Op1NotVal && isOnlyUse(Op0) && isOnlyUse(Op1)) {
    Instruction *Or = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or, Op0NotVal,
                                             Op1NotVal,I.getName()+".demorgan");
    InsertNewInstBefore(Or, I);
    return BinaryOperator::createNot(Or);
  }

  if (Op0NotVal == Op1 || Op1NotVal == Op0)  // A & ~A  == ~A & A == 0
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()));

  return Changed ? &I : 0;
}



Instruction *InstCombiner::visitOr(BinaryOperator &I) {
  bool Changed = SimplifyCommutative(I);
  Value *Op0 = I.getOperand(0), *Op1 = I.getOperand(1);

  // or X, X = X   or X, 0 == X
  if (Op0 == Op1 || Op1 == Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()))
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op0);

  // or X, -1 == -1
  if (ConstantIntegral *RHS = dyn_cast<ConstantIntegral>(Op1)) {
    if (RHS->isAllOnesValue())
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op1);

    if (Instruction *Op0I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op0)) {
      // (X & C1) | C2 --> (X | C2) & (C1|C2)
      if (Op0I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And && isOnlyUse(Op0))
        if (ConstantInt *Op0CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op0I->getOperand(1))) {
          std::string Op0Name = Op0I->getName(); Op0I->setName("");
          Instruction *Or = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or,
                                                   Op0I->getOperand(0), RHS,
                                                   Op0Name);
          InsertNewInstBefore(Or, I);
          return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, Or, *RHS | *Op0CI);
        }

      // (X ^ C1) | C2 --> (X | C2) ^ (C1&~C2)
      if (Op0I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Xor && isOnlyUse(Op0))
        if (ConstantInt *Op0CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op0I->getOperand(1))) {
          std::string Op0Name = Op0I->getName(); Op0I->setName("");
          Instruction *Or = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or,
                                                   Op0I->getOperand(0), RHS,
                                                   Op0Name);
          InsertNewInstBefore(Or, I);
          return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Xor, Or, *Op0CI & *~*RHS);
        }
    }
  }

  // (A & C1)|(A & C2) == A & (C1|C2)
  if (BinaryOperator *BO0 = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Op0))
    if (BinaryOperator *BO1 = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Op1))
      if (BO0->getOperand(0) == BO1->getOperand(0) &&
          BO0->getOpcode() == Instruction::And &&
          BO1->getOpcode() == Instruction::And)
        if (ConstantIntegral *C0 =
            dyn_cast<ConstantIntegral>(BO0->getOperand(1)))
          if (ConstantIntegral *C1 =
              dyn_cast<ConstantIntegral>(BO1->getOperand(1)))
            return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, BO0->getOperand(0),
                                          *C0 | *C1);            

  Value *Op0NotVal = dyn_castNotVal(Op0);
  Value *Op1NotVal = dyn_castNotVal(Op1);

  if (Op1 == Op0NotVal)   // ~A | A == -1
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, 
                               ConstantIntegral::getAllOnesValue(I.getType()));

  if (Op0 == Op1NotVal)   // A | ~A == -1
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, 
                               ConstantIntegral::getAllOnesValue(I.getType()));

  // (~A | ~B) == (~(A & B)) - Demorgan's Law
  if (Op0NotVal && Op1NotVal && isOnlyUse(Op0) && isOnlyUse(Op1)) {
    Instruction *And = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, Op0NotVal,
                                              Op1NotVal,I.getName()+".demorgan",
                                              &I);
    WorkList.push_back(And);
    return BinaryOperator::createNot(And);
  }

  return Changed ? &I : 0;
}



Instruction *InstCombiner::visitXor(BinaryOperator &I) {
  bool Changed = SimplifyCommutative(I);
  Value *Op0 = I.getOperand(0), *Op1 = I.getOperand(1);

  // xor X, X = 0
  if (Op0 == Op1)
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Constant::getNullValue(I.getType()));

  if (ConstantIntegral *RHS = dyn_cast<ConstantIntegral>(Op1)) {
    // xor X, 0 == X
    if (RHS->isNullValue())
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op0);

    if (BinaryOperator *Op0I = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Op0)) {
      // xor (setcc A, B), true = not (setcc A, B) = setncc A, B
      if (SetCondInst *SCI = dyn_cast<SetCondInst>(Op0I))
        if (RHS == ConstantBool::True && SCI->use_size() == 1)
          return new SetCondInst(SCI->getInverseCondition(),
                                 SCI->getOperand(0), SCI->getOperand(1));
          
      if (ConstantInt *Op0CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op0I->getOperand(1)))
        if (Op0I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And) {
          // (X & C1) ^ C2 --> (X & C1) | C2 iff (C1&C2) == 0
          if ((*RHS & *Op0CI)->isNullValue())
            return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or, Op0, RHS);
        } else if (Op0I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or) {
          // (X | C1) ^ C2 --> (X | C1) & ~C2 iff (C1&C2) == C2
          if ((*RHS & *Op0CI) == RHS)
            return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, Op0, ~*RHS);
        }
    }
  }

  if (Value *X = dyn_castNotVal(Op0))   // ~A ^ A == -1
    if (X == Op1)
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I,
                                ConstantIntegral::getAllOnesValue(I.getType()));

  if (Value *X = dyn_castNotVal(Op1))   // A ^ ~A == -1
    if (X == Op0)
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I,
                                ConstantIntegral::getAllOnesValue(I.getType()));

  if (Instruction *Op1I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op1))
    if (Op1I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or)
      if (Op1I->getOperand(0) == Op0) {              // B^(B|A) == (A|B)^B
        cast<BinaryOperator>(Op1I)->swapOperands();
        I.swapOperands();
        std::swap(Op0, Op1);
      } else if (Op1I->getOperand(1) == Op0) {       // B^(A|B) == (A|B)^B
        I.swapOperands();
        std::swap(Op0, Op1);
      }

  if (Instruction *Op0I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op0))
    if (Op0I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or && Op0I->use_size() == 1) {
      if (Op0I->getOperand(0) == Op1)                // (B|A)^B == (A|B)^B
        cast<BinaryOperator>(Op0I)->swapOperands();
      if (Op0I->getOperand(1) == Op1) {              // (A|B)^B == A & ~B
        Value *NotB = BinaryOperator::createNot(Op1, Op1->getName()+".not", &I);
        WorkList.push_back(cast<Instruction>(NotB));
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, Op0I->getOperand(0),
                                      NotB);
      }
    }

  // (A & C1)^(B & C2) -> (A & C1)|(B & C2) iff C1^C2 == 0
  if (Constant *C1 = dyn_castMaskingAnd(Op0))
    if (Constant *C2 = dyn_castMaskingAnd(Op1))
      if (ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::And, C1, C2)->isNullValue())
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or, Op0, Op1);

  return Changed ? &I : 0;
}

// AddOne, SubOne - Add or subtract a constant one from an integer constant...
static Constant *AddOne(ConstantInt *C) {
  Constant *Result = ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Add, C,
                                       ConstantInt::get(C->getType(), 1));
  assert(Result && "Constant folding integer addition failed!");
  return Result;
}
static Constant *SubOne(ConstantInt *C) {
  Constant *Result = ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Sub, C,
                                       ConstantInt::get(C->getType(), 1));
  assert(Result && "Constant folding integer addition failed!");
  return Result;
}

// isTrueWhenEqual - Return true if the specified setcondinst instruction is
// true when both operands are equal...
//
static bool isTrueWhenEqual(Instruction &I) {
  return I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetEQ ||
         I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGE ||
         I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLE;
}

Instruction *InstCombiner::visitSetCondInst(BinaryOperator &I) {
  bool Changed = SimplifyCommutative(I);
  Value *Op0 = I.getOperand(0), *Op1 = I.getOperand(1);
  const Type *Ty = Op0->getType();

  // setcc X, X
  if (Op0 == Op1)
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::get(isTrueWhenEqual(I)));

  // setcc <global*>, 0 - Global value addresses are never null!
  if (isa<GlobalValue>(Op0) && isa<ConstantPointerNull>(Op1))
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::get(!isTrueWhenEqual(I)));

  // setcc's with boolean values can always be turned into bitwise operations
  if (Ty == Type::BoolTy) {
    // If this is <, >, or !=, we can change this into a simple xor instruction
    if (!isTrueWhenEqual(I))
      return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Xor, Op0, Op1, I.getName());

    // Otherwise we need to make a temporary intermediate instruction and insert
    // it into the instruction stream.  This is what we are after:
    //
    //  seteq bool %A, %B -> ~(A^B)
    //  setle bool %A, %B -> ~A | B
    //  setge bool %A, %B -> A | ~B
    //
    if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetEQ) {  // seteq case
      Instruction *Xor = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Xor, Op0, Op1,
                                                I.getName()+"tmp");
      InsertNewInstBefore(Xor, I);
      return BinaryOperator::createNot(Xor, I.getName());
    }

    // Handle the setXe cases...
    assert(I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGE ||
           I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLE);

    if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGE)
      std::swap(Op0, Op1);                   // Change setge -> setle

    // Now we just have the SetLE case.
    Instruction *Not = BinaryOperator::createNot(Op0, I.getName()+"tmp");
    InsertNewInstBefore(Not, I);
    return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Or, Not, Op1, I.getName());
  }

  // Check to see if we are doing one of many comparisons against constant
  // integers at the end of their ranges...
  //
  if (ConstantInt *CI = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op1)) {
    // Simplify seteq and setne instructions...
    if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetEQ ||
        I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetNE) {
      bool isSetNE = I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetNE;

      if (CI->isNullValue()) {   // Simplify [seteq|setne] X, 0
        CastInst *Val = new CastInst(Op0, Type::BoolTy, I.getName()+".not");
        if (isSetNE) return Val;

        // seteq X, 0 -> not (cast X to bool)
        InsertNewInstBefore(Val, I);
        return BinaryOperator::createNot(Val, I.getName());
      }

      // If the first operand is (and|or|xor) with a constant, and the second
      // operand is a constant, simplify a bit.
      if (BinaryOperator *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Op0))
        if (ConstantInt *BOC = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(BO->getOperand(1)))
          if (BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or) {
            // If bits are being or'd in that are not present in the constant we
            // are comparing against, then the comparison could never succeed!
            if (!(*BOC & *~*CI)->isNullValue())
              return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::get(isSetNE));
          } else if (BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::And) {
            // If bits are being compared against that are and'd out, then the
            // comparison can never succeed!
            if (!(*CI & *~*BOC)->isNullValue())
              return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::get(isSetNE));
          } else if (BO->getOpcode() == Instruction::Xor) {
            // For the xor case, we can always just xor the two constants
            // together, potentially eliminating the explicit xor.
            return BinaryOperator::create(I.getOpcode(), BO->getOperand(0),
                                          *CI ^ *BOC);
          }
    }

    // Check to see if we are comparing against the minimum or maximum value...
    if (CI->isMinValue()) {
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLT)       // A < MIN -> FALSE
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::False);
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGE)       // A >= MIN -> TRUE
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::True);
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLE)       // A <= MIN -> A == MIN
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetEQ, Op0,Op1, I.getName());
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGT)       // A > MIN -> A != MIN
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetNE, Op0,Op1, I.getName());

    } else if (CI->isMaxValue()) {
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGT)       // A > MAX -> FALSE
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::False);
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLE)       // A <= MAX -> TRUE
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, ConstantBool::True);
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGE)       // A >= MAX -> A == MAX
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetEQ, Op0,Op1, I.getName());
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLT)       // A < MAX -> A != MAX
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetNE, Op0,Op1, I.getName());

      // Comparing against a value really close to min or max?
    } else if (isMinValuePlusOne(CI)) {
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLT)       // A < MIN+1 -> A == MIN
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetEQ, Op0,
                                      SubOne(CI), I.getName());
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGE)       // A >= MIN-1 -> A != MIN
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetNE, Op0,
                                      SubOne(CI), I.getName());

    } else if (isMaxValueMinusOne(CI)) {
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetGT)       // A > MAX-1 -> A == MAX
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetEQ, Op0,
                                      AddOne(CI), I.getName());
      if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::SetLE)       // A <= MAX-1 -> A != MAX
        return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::SetNE, Op0,
                                      AddOne(CI), I.getName());
    }
  }

  return Changed ? &I : 0;
}



Instruction *InstCombiner::visitShiftInst(ShiftInst &I) {
  assert(I.getOperand(1)->getType() == Type::UByteTy);
  Value *Op0 = I.getOperand(0), *Op1 = I.getOperand(1);

  // shl X, 0 == X and shr X, 0 == X
  // shl 0, X == 0 and shr 0, X == 0
  if (Op1 == Constant::getNullValue(Type::UByteTy) ||
      Op0 == Constant::getNullValue(Op0->getType()))
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Op0);

  if (ConstantUInt *CUI = dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(Op1)) {
    // shl uint X, 32 = 0 and shr ubyte Y, 9 = 0, ... just don't eliminate shr
    // of a signed value.
    //
    unsigned TypeBits = Op0->getType()->getPrimitiveSize()*8;
    if (CUI->getValue() >= TypeBits &&
        (!Op0->getType()->isSigned() || I.getOpcode() == Instruction::Shl))
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Constant::getNullValue(Op0->getType()));

    // If this is a shift of a shift, see if we can fold the two together...
    if (ShiftInst *Op0SI = dyn_cast<ShiftInst>(Op0)) {
      if (ConstantUInt *ShiftAmt1C =
                                 dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(Op0SI->getOperand(1))) {
        unsigned ShiftAmt1 = ShiftAmt1C->getValue();
        unsigned ShiftAmt2 = CUI->getValue();
        
        // Check for (A << c1) << c2   and   (A >> c1) >> c2
        if (I.getOpcode() == Op0SI->getOpcode()) {
          unsigned Amt = ShiftAmt1+ShiftAmt2;   // Fold into one big shift...
          return new ShiftInst(I.getOpcode(), Op0SI->getOperand(0),
                               ConstantUInt::get(Type::UByteTy, Amt));
        }
        
        // Check for (A << c1) >> c2 or visaversa.  If we are dealing with
        // signed types, we can only support the (A >> c1) << c2 configuration,
        // because it can not turn an arbitrary bit of A into a sign bit.
        if (I.getType()->isUnsigned() || I.getOpcode() == Instruction::Shl) {
          // Calculate bitmask for what gets shifted off the edge...
          Constant *C = ConstantIntegral::getAllOnesValue(I.getType());
          if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::Shr)
            C = ConstantExpr::getShift(Instruction::Shr, C, ShiftAmt1C);
          else
            C = ConstantExpr::getShift(Instruction::Shl, C, ShiftAmt1C);
          
          Instruction *Mask =
            BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, Op0SI->getOperand(0),
                                   C, Op0SI->getOperand(0)->getName()+".mask");
          InsertNewInstBefore(Mask, I);
          
          // Figure out what flavor of shift we should use...
          if (ShiftAmt1 == ShiftAmt2)
            return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, Mask);  // (A << c) >> c  === A & c2
          else if (ShiftAmt1 < ShiftAmt2) {
            return new ShiftInst(I.getOpcode(), Mask,
                         ConstantUInt::get(Type::UByteTy, ShiftAmt2-ShiftAmt1));
          } else {
            return new ShiftInst(Op0SI->getOpcode(), Mask,
                         ConstantUInt::get(Type::UByteTy, ShiftAmt1-ShiftAmt2));
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Check to see if we are shifting left by 1.  If so, turn it into an add
    // instruction.
    if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::Shl && CUI->equalsInt(1))
      // Convert 'shl int %X, 1' to 'add int %X, %X'
      return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Add, Op0, Op0, I.getName());
  }

  // shr int -1, X = -1   (for any arithmetic shift rights of ~0)
  if (I.getOpcode() == Instruction::Shr)
    if (ConstantSInt *CSI = dyn_cast<ConstantSInt>(Op0))
      if (CSI->isAllOnesValue())
        return ReplaceInstUsesWith(I, CSI);
  
  return 0;
}


// isEliminableCastOfCast - Return true if it is valid to eliminate the CI
// instruction.
//
static inline bool isEliminableCastOfCast(const Type *SrcTy, const Type *MidTy,
                                          const Type *DstTy) {

  // It is legal to eliminate the instruction if casting A->B->A if the sizes
  // are identical and the bits don't get reinterpreted (for example 
  // int->float->int would not be allowed)
  if (SrcTy == DstTy && SrcTy->isLosslesslyConvertibleTo(MidTy))
    return true;

  // Allow free casting and conversion of sizes as long as the sign doesn't
  // change...
  if (SrcTy->isIntegral() && MidTy->isIntegral() && DstTy->isIntegral()) {
    unsigned SrcSize = SrcTy->getPrimitiveSize();
    unsigned MidSize = MidTy->getPrimitiveSize();
    unsigned DstSize = DstTy->getPrimitiveSize();

    // Cases where we are monotonically decreasing the size of the type are
    // always ok, regardless of what sign changes are going on.
    //
    if (SrcSize >= MidSize && MidSize >= DstSize)
      return true;

    // Cases where the source and destination type are the same, but the middle
    // type is bigger are noops.
    //
    if (SrcSize == DstSize && MidSize > SrcSize)
      return true;

    // If we are monotonically growing, things are more complex.
    //
    if (SrcSize <= MidSize && MidSize <= DstSize) {
      // We have eight combinations of signedness to worry about. Here's the
      // table:
      static const int SignTable[8] = {
        // CODE, SrcSigned, MidSigned, DstSigned, Comment
        1,     //   U          U          U       Always ok
        1,     //   U          U          S       Always ok
        3,     //   U          S          U       Ok iff SrcSize != MidSize
        3,     //   U          S          S       Ok iff SrcSize != MidSize
        0,     //   S          U          U       Never ok
        2,     //   S          U          S       Ok iff MidSize == DstSize
        1,     //   S          S          U       Always ok
        1,     //   S          S          S       Always ok
      };

      // Choose an action based on the current entry of the signtable that this
      // cast of cast refers to...
      unsigned Row = SrcTy->isSigned()*4+MidTy->isSigned()*2+DstTy->isSigned();
      switch (SignTable[Row]) {
      case 0: return false;              // Never ok
      case 1: return true;               // Always ok
      case 2: return MidSize == DstSize; // Ok iff MidSize == DstSize
      case 3:                            // Ok iff SrcSize != MidSize
        return SrcSize != MidSize || SrcTy == Type::BoolTy;
      default: assert(0 && "Bad entry in sign table!");
      }
    }
  }

  // Otherwise, we cannot succeed.  Specifically we do not want to allow things
  // like:  short -> ushort -> uint, because this can create wrong results if
  // the input short is negative!
  //
  return false;
}

static bool ValueRequiresCast(const Value *V, const Type *Ty) {
  if (V->getType() == Ty || isa<Constant>(V)) return false;
  if (const CastInst *CI = dyn_cast<CastInst>(V))
    if (isEliminableCastOfCast(CI->getOperand(0)->getType(), CI->getType(), Ty))
      return false;
  return true;
}

/// InsertOperandCastBefore - This inserts a cast of V to DestTy before the
/// InsertBefore instruction.  This is specialized a bit to avoid inserting
/// casts that are known to not do anything...
///
Value *InstCombiner::InsertOperandCastBefore(Value *V, const Type *DestTy,
                                             Instruction *InsertBefore) {
  if (V->getType() == DestTy) return V;
  if (Constant *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(V))
    return ConstantExpr::getCast(C, DestTy);

  CastInst *CI = new CastInst(V, DestTy, V->getName());
  InsertNewInstBefore(CI, *InsertBefore);
  return CI;
}

// CastInst simplification
//
Instruction *InstCombiner::visitCastInst(CastInst &CI) {
  Value *Src = CI.getOperand(0);

  // If the user is casting a value to the same type, eliminate this cast
  // instruction...
  if (CI.getType() == Src->getType())
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(CI, Src);

  // If casting the result of another cast instruction, try to eliminate this
  // one!
  //
  if (CastInst *CSrc = dyn_cast<CastInst>(Src)) {
    if (isEliminableCastOfCast(CSrc->getOperand(0)->getType(),
                               CSrc->getType(), CI.getType())) {
      // This instruction now refers directly to the cast's src operand.  This
      // has a good chance of making CSrc dead.
      CI.setOperand(0, CSrc->getOperand(0));
      return &CI;
    }

    // If this is an A->B->A cast, and we are dealing with integral types, try
    // to convert this into a logical 'and' instruction.
    //
    if (CSrc->getOperand(0)->getType() == CI.getType() &&
        CI.getType()->isInteger() && CSrc->getType()->isInteger() &&
        CI.getType()->isUnsigned() && CSrc->getType()->isUnsigned() &&
        CSrc->getType()->getPrimitiveSize() < CI.getType()->getPrimitiveSize()){
      assert(CSrc->getType() != Type::ULongTy &&
             "Cannot have type bigger than ulong!");
      uint64_t AndValue = (1ULL << CSrc->getType()->getPrimitiveSize()*8)-1;
      Constant *AndOp = ConstantUInt::get(CI.getType(), AndValue);
      return BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::And, CSrc->getOperand(0),
                                    AndOp);
    }
  }

  // If casting the result of a getelementptr instruction with no offset, turn
  // this into a cast of the original pointer!
  //
  if (GetElementPtrInst *GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Src)) {
    bool AllZeroOperands = true;
    for (unsigned i = 1, e = GEP->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
      if (!isa<Constant>(GEP->getOperand(i)) ||
          !cast<Constant>(GEP->getOperand(i))->isNullValue()) {
        AllZeroOperands = false;
        break;
      }
    if (AllZeroOperands) {
      CI.setOperand(0, GEP->getOperand(0));
      return &CI;
    }
  }

  // If this is a cast to bool (which is effectively a "!=0" test), then we can
  // perform a few optimizations...
  //
  if (CI.getType() == Type::BoolTy) {
    if (BinaryOperator *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(Src)) {
      Value *Op0 = BO->getOperand(0), *Op1 = BO->getOperand(1);

      switch (BO->getOpcode()) {
      case Instruction::Sub:
      case Instruction::Xor:
        // Replace (cast ([sub|xor] A, B) to bool) with (setne A, B)
        return new SetCondInst(Instruction::SetNE, Op0, Op1);

      // Replace (cast (add A, B) to bool) with (setne A, -B) if B is
      // efficiently invertible, or if the add has just this one use.
      case Instruction::Add:
        if (Value *NegVal = dyn_castNegVal(Op1))
          return new SetCondInst(Instruction::SetNE, Op0, NegVal);
        else if (Value *NegVal = dyn_castNegVal(Op0))
          return new SetCondInst(Instruction::SetNE, NegVal, Op1);
        else if (BO->use_size() == 1) {
          Instruction *Neg = BinaryOperator::createNeg(Op1, BO->getName());
          BO->setName("");
          InsertNewInstBefore(Neg, CI);
          return new SetCondInst(Instruction::SetNE, Op0, Neg);
        }
        break;

      case Instruction::And:
        // Replace (cast (and X, (1 << size(X)-1)) to bool) with x < 0,
        // converting X to be a signed value as appropriate.  Don't worry about
        // bool values, as they will be optimized other ways if they occur in
        // this configuration.
        if (ConstantInt *CInt = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(Op1))
          if (isSignBit(CInt)) {
            // If 'X' is not signed, insert a cast now...
            if (!CInt->getType()->isSigned()) {
              const Type *DestTy;
              switch (CInt->getType()->getPrimitiveID()) {
              case Type::UByteTyID:  DestTy = Type::SByteTy; break;
              case Type::UShortTyID: DestTy = Type::ShortTy; break;
              case Type::UIntTyID:   DestTy = Type::IntTy;   break;
              case Type::ULongTyID:  DestTy = Type::LongTy;  break;
              default: assert(0 && "Invalid unsigned integer type!"); abort();
              }
              CastInst *NewCI = new CastInst(Op0, DestTy,
                                             Op0->getName()+".signed");
              InsertNewInstBefore(NewCI, CI);
              Op0 = NewCI;
            }
            return new SetCondInst(Instruction::SetLT, Op0,
                                   Constant::getNullValue(Op0->getType()));
          }
        break;
      default: break;
      }
    }
  }

  // If the source value is an instruction with only this use, we can attempt to
  // propagate the cast into the instruction.  Also, only handle integral types
  // for now.
  if (Instruction *SrcI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Src))
    if (SrcI->use_size() == 1 && Src->getType()->isIntegral() &&
        CI.getType()->isInteger()) {  // Don't mess with casts to bool here
      const Type *DestTy = CI.getType();
      unsigned SrcBitSize = getTypeSizeInBits(Src->getType());
      unsigned DestBitSize = getTypeSizeInBits(DestTy);

      Value *Op0 = SrcI->getNumOperands() > 0 ? SrcI->getOperand(0) : 0;
      Value *Op1 = SrcI->getNumOperands() > 1 ? SrcI->getOperand(1) : 0;

      switch (SrcI->getOpcode()) {
      case Instruction::Add:
      case Instruction::Mul:
      case Instruction::And:
      case Instruction::Or:
      case Instruction::Xor:
        // If we are discarding information, or just changing the sign, rewrite.
        if (DestBitSize <= SrcBitSize && DestBitSize != 1) {
          // Don't insert two casts if they cannot be eliminated.  We allow two
          // casts to be inserted if the sizes are the same.  This could only be
          // converting signedness, which is a noop.
          if (DestBitSize == SrcBitSize || !ValueRequiresCast(Op1, DestTy) ||
              !ValueRequiresCast(Op0, DestTy)) {
            Value *Op0c = InsertOperandCastBefore(Op0, DestTy, SrcI);
            Value *Op1c = InsertOperandCastBefore(Op1, DestTy, SrcI);
            return BinaryOperator::create(cast<BinaryOperator>(SrcI)
                             ->getOpcode(), Op0c, Op1c);
          }
        }
        break;
      case Instruction::Shl:
        // Allow changing the sign of the source operand.  Do not allow changing
        // the size of the shift, UNLESS the shift amount is a constant.  We
        // mush not change variable sized shifts to a smaller size, because it
        // is undefined to shift more bits out than exist in the value.
        if (DestBitSize == SrcBitSize ||
            (DestBitSize < SrcBitSize && isa<Constant>(Op1))) {
          Value *Op0c = InsertOperandCastBefore(Op0, DestTy, SrcI);
          return new ShiftInst(Instruction::Shl, Op0c, Op1);
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  
  return 0;
}

// CallInst simplification
//
Instruction *InstCombiner::visitCallInst(CallInst &CI) {
  if (transformConstExprCastCall(&CI)) return 0;
  return 0;
}

// InvokeInst simplification
//
Instruction *InstCombiner::visitInvokeInst(InvokeInst &II) {
  if (transformConstExprCastCall(&II)) return 0;
  return 0;
}

// getPromotedType - Return the specified type promoted as it would be to pass
// though a va_arg area...
static const Type *getPromotedType(const Type *Ty) {
  switch (Ty->getPrimitiveID()) {
  case Type::SByteTyID:
  case Type::ShortTyID:  return Type::IntTy;
  case Type::UByteTyID:
  case Type::UShortTyID: return Type::UIntTy;
  case Type::FloatTyID:  return Type::DoubleTy;
  default:               return Ty;
  }
}

// transformConstExprCastCall - If the callee is a constexpr cast of a function,
// attempt to move the cast to the arguments of the call/invoke.
//
bool InstCombiner::transformConstExprCastCall(CallSite CS) {
  if (!isa<ConstantExpr>(CS.getCalledValue())) return false;
  ConstantExpr *CE = cast<ConstantExpr>(CS.getCalledValue());
  if (CE->getOpcode() != Instruction::Cast ||
      !isa<ConstantPointerRef>(CE->getOperand(0)))
    return false;
  ConstantPointerRef *CPR = cast<ConstantPointerRef>(CE->getOperand(0));
  if (!isa<Function>(CPR->getValue())) return false;
  Function *Callee = cast<Function>(CPR->getValue());
  Instruction *Caller = CS.getInstruction();

  // Okay, this is a cast from a function to a different type.  Unless doing so
  // would cause a type conversion of one of our arguments, change this call to
  // be a direct call with arguments casted to the appropriate types.
  //
  const FunctionType *FT = Callee->getFunctionType();
  const Type *OldRetTy = Caller->getType();

  if (Callee->isExternal() &&
      !OldRetTy->isLosslesslyConvertibleTo(FT->getReturnType()))
    return false;   // Cannot transform this return value...

  unsigned NumActualArgs = unsigned(CS.arg_end()-CS.arg_begin());
  unsigned NumCommonArgs = std::min(FT->getNumParams(), NumActualArgs);
                                    
  CallSite::arg_iterator AI = CS.arg_begin();
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = NumCommonArgs; i != e; ++i, ++AI) {
    const Type *ParamTy = FT->getParamType(i);
    bool isConvertible = (*AI)->getType()->isLosslesslyConvertibleTo(ParamTy);
    if (Callee->isExternal() && !isConvertible) return false;    
  }

  if (FT->getNumParams() < NumActualArgs && !FT->isVarArg() &&
      Callee->isExternal())
    return false;   // Do not delete arguments unless we have a function body...

  // Okay, we decided that this is a safe thing to do: go ahead and start
  // inserting cast instructions as necessary...
  std::vector<Value*> Args;
  Args.reserve(NumActualArgs);

  AI = CS.arg_begin();
  for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumCommonArgs; ++i, ++AI) {
    const Type *ParamTy = FT->getParamType(i);
    if ((*AI)->getType() == ParamTy) {
      Args.push_back(*AI);
    } else {
      Instruction *Cast = new CastInst(*AI, ParamTy, "tmp");
      InsertNewInstBefore(Cast, *Caller);
      Args.push_back(Cast);
    }
  }

  // If the function takes more arguments than the call was taking, add them
  // now...
  for (unsigned i = NumCommonArgs; i != FT->getNumParams(); ++i)
    Args.push_back(Constant::getNullValue(FT->getParamType(i)));

  // If we are removing arguments to the function, emit an obnoxious warning...
  if (FT->getNumParams() < NumActualArgs)
    if (!FT->isVarArg()) {
      std::cerr << "WARNING: While resolving call to function '"
                << Callee->getName() << "' arguments were dropped!\n";
    } else {
      // Add all of the arguments in their promoted form to the arg list...
      for (unsigned i = FT->getNumParams(); i != NumActualArgs; ++i, ++AI) {
        const Type *PTy = getPromotedType((*AI)->getType());
        if (PTy != (*AI)->getType()) {
          // Must promote to pass through va_arg area!
          Instruction *Cast = new CastInst(*AI, PTy, "tmp");
          InsertNewInstBefore(Cast, *Caller);
          Args.push_back(Cast);
        } else {
          Args.push_back(*AI);
        }
      }
    }

  if (FT->getReturnType() == Type::VoidTy)
    Caller->setName("");   // Void type should not have a name...

  Instruction *NC;
  if (InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>(Caller)) {
    NC = new InvokeInst(Callee, II->getNormalDest(), II->getExceptionalDest(),
                        Args, Caller->getName(), Caller);
  } else {
    NC = new CallInst(Callee, Args, Caller->getName(), Caller);
  }

  // Insert a cast of the return type as necessary...
  Value *NV = NC;
  if (Caller->getType() != NV->getType() && !Caller->use_empty()) {
    if (NV->getType() != Type::VoidTy) {
      NV = NC = new CastInst(NC, Caller->getType(), "tmp");
      InsertNewInstBefore(NC, *Caller);
      AddUsesToWorkList(*Caller);
    } else {
      NV = Constant::getNullValue(Caller->getType());
    }
  }

  if (Caller->getType() != Type::VoidTy && !Caller->use_empty())
    Caller->replaceAllUsesWith(NV);
  Caller->getParent()->getInstList().erase(Caller);
  removeFromWorkList(Caller);
  return true;
}



// PHINode simplification
//
Instruction *InstCombiner::visitPHINode(PHINode &PN) {
  // If the PHI node only has one incoming value, eliminate the PHI node...
  if (PN.getNumIncomingValues() == 1)
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(PN, PN.getIncomingValue(0));
  
  // Otherwise if all of the incoming values are the same for the PHI, replace
  // the PHI node with the incoming value.
  //
  Value *InVal = 0;
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN.getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i)
    if (PN.getIncomingValue(i) != &PN)  // Not the PHI node itself...
      if (InVal && PN.getIncomingValue(i) != InVal)
        return 0;  // Not the same, bail out.
      else
        InVal = PN.getIncomingValue(i);

  // The only case that could cause InVal to be null is if we have a PHI node
  // that only has entries for itself.  In this case, there is no entry into the
  // loop, so kill the PHI.
  //
  if (InVal == 0) InVal = Constant::getNullValue(PN.getType());

  // All of the incoming values are the same, replace the PHI node now.
  return ReplaceInstUsesWith(PN, InVal);
}


Instruction *InstCombiner::visitGetElementPtrInst(GetElementPtrInst &GEP) {
  // Is it 'getelementptr %P, long 0'  or 'getelementptr %P'
  // If so, eliminate the noop.
  if ((GEP.getNumOperands() == 2 &&
       GEP.getOperand(1) == Constant::getNullValue(Type::LongTy)) ||
      GEP.getNumOperands() == 1)
    return ReplaceInstUsesWith(GEP, GEP.getOperand(0));

  // Combine Indices - If the source pointer to this getelementptr instruction
  // is a getelementptr instruction, combine the indices of the two
  // getelementptr instructions into a single instruction.
  //
  if (GetElementPtrInst *Src = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(GEP.getOperand(0))) {
    std::vector<Value *> Indices;
  
    // Can we combine the two pointer arithmetics offsets?
    if (Src->getNumOperands() == 2 && isa<Constant>(Src->getOperand(1)) &&
        isa<Constant>(GEP.getOperand(1))) {
      // Replace: gep (gep %P, long C1), long C2, ...
      // With:    gep %P, long (C1+C2), ...
      Value *Sum = ConstantExpr::get(Instruction::Add,
                                     cast<Constant>(Src->getOperand(1)),
                                     cast<Constant>(GEP.getOperand(1)));
      assert(Sum && "Constant folding of longs failed!?");
      GEP.setOperand(0, Src->getOperand(0));
      GEP.setOperand(1, Sum);
      AddUsesToWorkList(*Src);   // Reduce use count of Src
      return &GEP;
    } else if (Src->getNumOperands() == 2) {
      // Replace: gep (gep %P, long B), long A, ...
      // With:    T = long A+B; gep %P, T, ...
      //
      Value *Sum = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Add, Src->getOperand(1),
                                          GEP.getOperand(1),
                                          Src->getName()+".sum", &GEP);
      GEP.setOperand(0, Src->getOperand(0));
      GEP.setOperand(1, Sum);
      WorkList.push_back(cast<Instruction>(Sum));
      return &GEP;
    } else if (*GEP.idx_begin() == Constant::getNullValue(Type::LongTy) &&
               Src->getNumOperands() != 1) { 
      // Otherwise we can do the fold if the first index of the GEP is a zero
      Indices.insert(Indices.end(), Src->idx_begin(), Src->idx_end());
      Indices.insert(Indices.end(), GEP.idx_begin()+1, GEP.idx_end());
    } else if (Src->getOperand(Src->getNumOperands()-1) == 
               Constant::getNullValue(Type::LongTy)) {
      // If the src gep ends with a constant array index, merge this get into
      // it, even if we have a non-zero array index.
      Indices.insert(Indices.end(), Src->idx_begin(), Src->idx_end()-1);
      Indices.insert(Indices.end(), GEP.idx_begin(), GEP.idx_end());
    }

    if (!Indices.empty())
      return new GetElementPtrInst(Src->getOperand(0), Indices, GEP.getName());

  } else if (GlobalValue *GV = dyn_cast<GlobalValue>(GEP.getOperand(0))) {
    // GEP of global variable.  If all of the indices for this GEP are
    // constants, we can promote this to a constexpr instead of an instruction.

    // Scan for nonconstants...
    std::vector<Constant*> Indices;
    User::op_iterator I = GEP.idx_begin(), E = GEP.idx_end();
    for (; I != E && isa<Constant>(*I); ++I)
      Indices.push_back(cast<Constant>(*I));

    if (I == E) {  // If they are all constants...
      Constant *CE =
        ConstantExpr::getGetElementPtr(ConstantPointerRef::get(GV), Indices);

      // Replace all uses of the GEP with the new constexpr...
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(GEP, CE);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

Instruction *InstCombiner::visitAllocationInst(AllocationInst &AI) {
  // Convert: malloc Ty, C - where C is a constant != 1 into: malloc [C x Ty], 1
  if (AI.isArrayAllocation())    // Check C != 1
    if (const ConstantUInt *C = dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(AI.getArraySize())) {
      const Type *NewTy = ArrayType::get(AI.getAllocatedType(), C->getValue());
      AllocationInst *New = 0;

      // Create and insert the replacement instruction...
      if (isa<MallocInst>(AI))
        New = new MallocInst(NewTy, 0, AI.getName(), &AI);
      else {
        assert(isa<AllocaInst>(AI) && "Unknown type of allocation inst!");
        New = new AllocaInst(NewTy, 0, AI.getName(), &AI);
      }
      
      // Scan to the end of the allocation instructions, to skip over a block of
      // allocas if possible...
      //
      BasicBlock::iterator It = New;
      while (isa<AllocationInst>(*It)) ++It;

      // Now that I is pointing to the first non-allocation-inst in the block,
      // insert our getelementptr instruction...
      //
      std::vector<Value*> Idx(2, Constant::getNullValue(Type::LongTy));
      Value *V = new GetElementPtrInst(New, Idx, New->getName()+".sub", It);

      // Now make everything use the getelementptr instead of the original
      // allocation.
      ReplaceInstUsesWith(AI, V);
      return &AI;
    }
  return 0;
}

/// GetGEPGlobalInitializer - Given a constant, and a getelementptr
/// constantexpr, return the constant value being addressed by the constant
/// expression, or null if something is funny.
///
static Constant *GetGEPGlobalInitializer(Constant *C, ConstantExpr *CE) {
  if (CE->getOperand(1) != Constant::getNullValue(Type::LongTy))
    return 0;  // Do not allow stepping over the value!

  // Loop over all of the operands, tracking down which value we are
  // addressing...
  for (unsigned i = 2, e = CE->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
    if (ConstantUInt *CU = dyn_cast<ConstantUInt>(CE->getOperand(i))) {
      ConstantStruct *CS = cast<ConstantStruct>(C);
      if (CU->getValue() >= CS->getValues().size()) return 0;
      C = cast<Constant>(CS->getValues()[CU->getValue()]);
    } else if (ConstantSInt *CS = dyn_cast<ConstantSInt>(CE->getOperand(i))) {
      ConstantArray *CA = cast<ConstantArray>(C);
      if ((uint64_t)CS->getValue() >= CA->getValues().size()) return 0;
      C = cast<Constant>(CA->getValues()[CS->getValue()]);
    } else 
      return 0;
  return C;
}

Instruction *InstCombiner::visitLoadInst(LoadInst &LI) {
  Value *Op = LI.getOperand(0);
  if (ConstantPointerRef *CPR = dyn_cast<ConstantPointerRef>(Op))
    Op = CPR->getValue();

  // Instcombine load (constant global) into the value loaded...
  if (GlobalVariable *GV = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(Op))
    if (GV->isConstant() && !GV->isExternal())
      return ReplaceInstUsesWith(LI, GV->getInitializer());

  // Instcombine load (constantexpr_GEP global, 0, ...) into the value loaded...
  if (ConstantExpr *CE = dyn_cast<ConstantExpr>(Op))
    if (CE->getOpcode() == Instruction::GetElementPtr)
      if (ConstantPointerRef *G=dyn_cast<ConstantPointerRef>(CE->getOperand(0)))
        if (GlobalVariable *GV = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(G->getValue()))
          if (GV->isConstant() && !GV->isExternal())
            if (Constant *V = GetGEPGlobalInitializer(GV->getInitializer(), CE))
              return ReplaceInstUsesWith(LI, V);
  return 0;
}


Instruction *InstCombiner::visitBranchInst(BranchInst &BI) {
  // Change br (not X), label True, label False to: br X, label False, True
  if (BI.isConditional() && !isa<Constant>(BI.getCondition()))
    if (Value *V = dyn_castNotVal(BI.getCondition())) {
      BasicBlock *TrueDest = BI.getSuccessor(0);
      BasicBlock *FalseDest = BI.getSuccessor(1);
      // Swap Destinations and condition...
      BI.setCondition(V);
      BI.setSuccessor(0, FalseDest);
      BI.setSuccessor(1, TrueDest);
      return &BI;
    }
  return 0;
}


void InstCombiner::removeFromWorkList(Instruction *I) {
  WorkList.erase(std::remove(WorkList.begin(), WorkList.end(), I),
                 WorkList.end());
}

bool InstCombiner::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
  bool Changed = false;

  WorkList.insert(WorkList.end(), inst_begin(F), inst_end(F));

  while (!WorkList.empty()) {
    Instruction *I = WorkList.back();  // Get an instruction from the worklist
    WorkList.pop_back();

    // Check to see if we can DCE or ConstantPropagate the instruction...
    // Check to see if we can DIE the instruction...
    if (isInstructionTriviallyDead(I)) {
      // Add operands to the worklist...
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = I->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
        if (Instruction *Op = dyn_cast<Instruction>(I->getOperand(i)))
          WorkList.push_back(Op);

      ++NumDeadInst;
      BasicBlock::iterator BBI = I;
      if (dceInstruction(BBI)) {
        removeFromWorkList(I);
        continue;
      }
    } 

    // Instruction isn't dead, see if we can constant propagate it...
    if (Constant *C = ConstantFoldInstruction(I)) {
      // Add operands to the worklist...
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = I->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
        if (Instruction *Op = dyn_cast<Instruction>(I->getOperand(i)))
          WorkList.push_back(Op);
      ReplaceInstUsesWith(*I, C);

      ++NumConstProp;
      BasicBlock::iterator BBI = I;
      if (dceInstruction(BBI)) {
        removeFromWorkList(I);
        continue;
      }
    }
    
    // Now that we have an instruction, try combining it to simplify it...
    if (Instruction *Result = visit(*I)) {
      ++NumCombined;
      // Should we replace the old instruction with a new one?
      if (Result != I) {
        // Instructions can end up on the worklist more than once.  Make sure
        // we do not process an instruction that has been deleted.
        removeFromWorkList(I);
        ReplaceInstWithInst(I, Result);
      } else {
        BasicBlock::iterator II = I;

        // If the instruction was modified, it's possible that it is now dead.
        // if so, remove it.
        if (dceInstruction(II)) {
          // Instructions may end up in the worklist more than once.  Erase them
          // all.
          removeFromWorkList(I);
          Result = 0;
        }
      }

      if (Result) {
        WorkList.push_back(Result);
        AddUsesToWorkList(*Result);
      }
      Changed = true;
    }
  }

  return Changed;
}

Pass *createInstructionCombiningPass() {
  return new InstCombiner();
}