blob: 9cea9a281074c30aadb34329133c9739d813e201 [file] [log] [blame]
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +00001//===--- MemoryBuffer.cpp - Memory Buffer implementation ------------------===//
2//
3// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
4//
5// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
7//
8//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9//
10// This file implements the MemoryBuffer interface.
11//
12//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13
14#include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
15#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
16#include "llvm/Config/config.h"
17#include "llvm/Support/Errc.h"
18#include "llvm/Support/Errno.h"
19#include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
20#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
21#include "llvm/Support/Path.h"
22#include "llvm/Support/Process.h"
23#include "llvm/Support/Program.h"
24#include <cassert>
25#include <cerrno>
26#include <cstring>
27#include <new>
28#include <sys/types.h>
29#include <system_error>
30#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
31#include <unistd.h>
32#else
33#include <io.h>
34#endif
35using namespace llvm;
36
37//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
38// MemoryBuffer implementation itself.
39//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
40
41MemoryBuffer::~MemoryBuffer() { }
42
43/// init - Initialize this MemoryBuffer as a reference to externally allocated
44/// memory, memory that we know is already null terminated.
45void MemoryBuffer::init(const char *BufStart, const char *BufEnd,
46 bool RequiresNullTerminator) {
47 assert((!RequiresNullTerminator || BufEnd[0] == 0) &&
48 "Buffer is not null terminated!");
49 BufferStart = BufStart;
50 BufferEnd = BufEnd;
51}
52
53//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
54// MemoryBufferMem implementation.
55//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
56
57/// CopyStringRef - Copies contents of a StringRef into a block of memory and
58/// null-terminates it.
59static void CopyStringRef(char *Memory, StringRef Data) {
60 if (!Data.empty())
61 memcpy(Memory, Data.data(), Data.size());
62 Memory[Data.size()] = 0; // Null terminate string.
63}
64
65namespace {
66struct NamedBufferAlloc {
67 const Twine &Name;
68 NamedBufferAlloc(const Twine &Name) : Name(Name) {}
69};
70}
71
72void *operator new(size_t N, const NamedBufferAlloc &Alloc) {
73 SmallString<256> NameBuf;
74 StringRef NameRef = Alloc.Name.toStringRef(NameBuf);
75
76 char *Mem = static_cast<char *>(operator new(N + NameRef.size() + 1));
77 CopyStringRef(Mem + N, NameRef);
78 return Mem;
79}
80
81namespace {
82/// MemoryBufferMem - Named MemoryBuffer pointing to a block of memory.
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +000083template<typename MB>
84class MemoryBufferMem : public MB {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +000085public:
86 MemoryBufferMem(StringRef InputData, bool RequiresNullTerminator) {
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +000087 MemoryBuffer::init(InputData.begin(), InputData.end(),
88 RequiresNullTerminator);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +000089 }
90
91 /// Disable sized deallocation for MemoryBufferMem, because it has
92 /// tail-allocated data.
93 void operator delete(void *p) { ::operator delete(p); }
94
95 StringRef getBufferIdentifier() const override {
96 // The name is stored after the class itself.
97 return StringRef(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this + 1));
98 }
99
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000100 MemoryBuffer::BufferKind getBufferKind() const override {
101 return MemoryBuffer::MemoryBuffer_Malloc;
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000102 }
103};
104}
105
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000106template <typename MB>
107static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
108getFileAux(const Twine &Filename, int64_t FileSize, uint64_t MapSize,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000109 uint64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000110
111std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>
112MemoryBuffer::getMemBuffer(StringRef InputData, StringRef BufferName,
113 bool RequiresNullTerminator) {
114 auto *Ret = new (NamedBufferAlloc(BufferName))
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000115 MemoryBufferMem<MemoryBuffer>(InputData, RequiresNullTerminator);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000116 return std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>(Ret);
117}
118
119std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>
120MemoryBuffer::getMemBuffer(MemoryBufferRef Ref, bool RequiresNullTerminator) {
121 return std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>(getMemBuffer(
122 Ref.getBuffer(), Ref.getBufferIdentifier(), RequiresNullTerminator));
123}
124
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000125static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<WritableMemoryBuffer>>
126getMemBufferCopyImpl(StringRef InputData, const Twine &BufferName) {
127 auto Buf = WritableMemoryBuffer::getNewUninitMemBuffer(InputData.size(), BufferName);
128 if (!Buf)
129 return make_error_code(errc::not_enough_memory);
130 memcpy(Buf->getBufferStart(), InputData.data(), InputData.size());
131 return std::move(Buf);
132}
133
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000134std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>
135MemoryBuffer::getMemBufferCopy(StringRef InputData, const Twine &BufferName) {
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000136 auto Buf = getMemBufferCopyImpl(InputData, BufferName);
137 if (Buf)
138 return std::move(*Buf);
139 return nullptr;
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000140}
141
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000142ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
143MemoryBuffer::getFileOrSTDIN(const Twine &Filename, int64_t FileSize,
144 bool RequiresNullTerminator) {
145 SmallString<256> NameBuf;
146 StringRef NameRef = Filename.toStringRef(NameBuf);
147
148 if (NameRef == "-")
149 return getSTDIN();
150 return getFile(Filename, FileSize, RequiresNullTerminator);
151}
152
153ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
154MemoryBuffer::getFileSlice(const Twine &FilePath, uint64_t MapSize,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000155 uint64_t Offset, bool IsVolatile) {
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000156 return getFileAux<MemoryBuffer>(FilePath, -1, MapSize, Offset, false,
157 IsVolatile);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000158}
159
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000160//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
161// MemoryBuffer::getFile implementation.
162//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
163
164namespace {
165/// \brief Memory maps a file descriptor using sys::fs::mapped_file_region.
166///
167/// This handles converting the offset into a legal offset on the platform.
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000168template<typename MB>
169class MemoryBufferMMapFile : public MB {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000170 sys::fs::mapped_file_region MFR;
171
172 static uint64_t getLegalMapOffset(uint64_t Offset) {
173 return Offset & ~(sys::fs::mapped_file_region::alignment() - 1);
174 }
175
176 static uint64_t getLegalMapSize(uint64_t Len, uint64_t Offset) {
177 return Len + (Offset - getLegalMapOffset(Offset));
178 }
179
180 const char *getStart(uint64_t Len, uint64_t Offset) {
181 return MFR.const_data() + (Offset - getLegalMapOffset(Offset));
182 }
183
184public:
185 MemoryBufferMMapFile(bool RequiresNullTerminator, int FD, uint64_t Len,
186 uint64_t Offset, std::error_code &EC)
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000187 : MFR(FD,
188 MB::Writable ? sys::fs::mapped_file_region::priv
189 : sys::fs::mapped_file_region::readonly,
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000190 getLegalMapSize(Len, Offset), getLegalMapOffset(Offset), EC) {
191 if (!EC) {
192 const char *Start = getStart(Len, Offset);
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000193 MemoryBuffer::init(Start, Start + Len, RequiresNullTerminator);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000194 }
195 }
196
197 /// Disable sized deallocation for MemoryBufferMMapFile, because it has
198 /// tail-allocated data.
199 void operator delete(void *p) { ::operator delete(p); }
200
201 StringRef getBufferIdentifier() const override {
202 // The name is stored after the class itself.
203 return StringRef(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this + 1));
204 }
205
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000206 MemoryBuffer::BufferKind getBufferKind() const override {
207 return MemoryBuffer::MemoryBuffer_MMap;
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000208 }
209};
210}
211
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000212static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<WritableMemoryBuffer>>
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000213getMemoryBufferForStream(int FD, const Twine &BufferName) {
214 const ssize_t ChunkSize = 4096*4;
215 SmallString<ChunkSize> Buffer;
216 ssize_t ReadBytes;
217 // Read into Buffer until we hit EOF.
218 do {
219 Buffer.reserve(Buffer.size() + ChunkSize);
Pavel Labathfe09f502017-06-29 13:15:31 +0000220 ReadBytes = sys::RetryAfterSignal(-1, read, FD, Buffer.end(), ChunkSize);
221 if (ReadBytes == -1)
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000222 return std::error_code(errno, std::generic_category());
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000223 Buffer.set_size(Buffer.size() + ReadBytes);
224 } while (ReadBytes != 0);
225
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000226 return getMemBufferCopyImpl(Buffer, BufferName);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000227}
228
229
230ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
231MemoryBuffer::getFile(const Twine &Filename, int64_t FileSize,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000232 bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile) {
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000233 return getFileAux<MemoryBuffer>(Filename, FileSize, FileSize, 0,
234 RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000235}
236
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000237template <typename MB>
238static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000239getOpenFileImpl(int FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
240 uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000241 bool IsVolatile);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000242
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000243template <typename MB>
244static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000245getFileAux(const Twine &Filename, int64_t FileSize, uint64_t MapSize,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000246 uint64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile) {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000247 int FD;
248 std::error_code EC = sys::fs::openFileForRead(Filename, FD);
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000249
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000250 if (EC)
251 return EC;
252
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000253 auto Ret = getOpenFileImpl<MB>(FD, Filename, FileSize, MapSize, Offset,
254 RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000255 close(FD);
256 return Ret;
257}
258
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000259ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<WritableMemoryBuffer>>
260WritableMemoryBuffer::getFile(const Twine &Filename, int64_t FileSize,
261 bool IsVolatile) {
262 return getFileAux<WritableMemoryBuffer>(Filename, FileSize, FileSize, 0,
263 /*RequiresNullTerminator*/ false,
264 IsVolatile);
265}
266
267ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<WritableMemoryBuffer>>
268WritableMemoryBuffer::getFileSlice(const Twine &Filename, uint64_t MapSize,
269 uint64_t Offset, bool IsVolatile) {
270 return getFileAux<WritableMemoryBuffer>(Filename, -1, MapSize, Offset, false,
271 IsVolatile);
272}
273
274std::unique_ptr<WritableMemoryBuffer>
275WritableMemoryBuffer::getNewUninitMemBuffer(size_t Size, const Twine &BufferName) {
276 using MemBuffer = MemoryBufferMem<WritableMemoryBuffer>;
277 // Allocate space for the MemoryBuffer, the data and the name. It is important
278 // that MemoryBuffer and data are aligned so PointerIntPair works with them.
279 // TODO: Is 16-byte alignment enough? We copy small object files with large
280 // alignment expectations into this buffer.
281 SmallString<256> NameBuf;
282 StringRef NameRef = BufferName.toStringRef(NameBuf);
283 size_t AlignedStringLen = alignTo(sizeof(MemBuffer) + NameRef.size() + 1, 16);
284 size_t RealLen = AlignedStringLen + Size + 1;
285 char *Mem = static_cast<char*>(operator new(RealLen, std::nothrow));
286 if (!Mem)
287 return nullptr;
288
289 // The name is stored after the class itself.
290 CopyStringRef(Mem + sizeof(MemBuffer), NameRef);
291
292 // The buffer begins after the name and must be aligned.
293 char *Buf = Mem + AlignedStringLen;
294 Buf[Size] = 0; // Null terminate buffer.
295
296 auto *Ret = new (Mem) MemBuffer(StringRef(Buf, Size), true);
297 return std::unique_ptr<WritableMemoryBuffer>(Ret);
298}
299
Pavel Labath9aaf5d32018-01-09 17:26:06 +0000300std::unique_ptr<WritableMemoryBuffer>
301WritableMemoryBuffer::getNewMemBuffer(size_t Size, const Twine &BufferName) {
302 auto SB = WritableMemoryBuffer::getNewUninitMemBuffer(Size, BufferName);
303 if (!SB)
304 return nullptr;
305 memset(SB->getBufferStart(), 0, Size);
306 return SB;
307}
308
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000309static bool shouldUseMmap(int FD,
310 size_t FileSize,
311 size_t MapSize,
312 off_t Offset,
313 bool RequiresNullTerminator,
314 int PageSize,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000315 bool IsVolatile) {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000316 // mmap may leave the buffer without null terminator if the file size changed
317 // by the time the last page is mapped in, so avoid it if the file size is
318 // likely to change.
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000319 if (IsVolatile)
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000320 return false;
321
322 // We don't use mmap for small files because this can severely fragment our
323 // address space.
324 if (MapSize < 4 * 4096 || MapSize < (unsigned)PageSize)
325 return false;
326
327 if (!RequiresNullTerminator)
328 return true;
329
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000330 // If we don't know the file size, use fstat to find out. fstat on an open
331 // file descriptor is cheaper than stat on a random path.
332 // FIXME: this chunk of code is duplicated, but it avoids a fstat when
333 // RequiresNullTerminator = false and MapSize != -1.
334 if (FileSize == size_t(-1)) {
335 sys::fs::file_status Status;
336 if (sys::fs::status(FD, Status))
337 return false;
338 FileSize = Status.getSize();
339 }
340
341 // If we need a null terminator and the end of the map is inside the file,
342 // we cannot use mmap.
343 size_t End = Offset + MapSize;
344 assert(End <= FileSize);
345 if (End != FileSize)
346 return false;
347
348 // Don't try to map files that are exactly a multiple of the system page size
349 // if we need a null terminator.
350 if ((FileSize & (PageSize -1)) == 0)
351 return false;
352
353#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
354 // Don't try to map files that are exactly a multiple of the physical page size
355 // if we need a null terminator.
356 // FIXME: We should reorganize again getPageSize() on Win32.
357 if ((FileSize & (4096 - 1)) == 0)
358 return false;
359#endif
360
361 return true;
362}
363
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000364template <typename MB>
365static ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MB>>
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000366getOpenFileImpl(int FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
367 uint64_t MapSize, int64_t Offset, bool RequiresNullTerminator,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000368 bool IsVolatile) {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000369 static int PageSize = sys::Process::getPageSize();
370
371 // Default is to map the full file.
372 if (MapSize == uint64_t(-1)) {
373 // If we don't know the file size, use fstat to find out. fstat on an open
374 // file descriptor is cheaper than stat on a random path.
375 if (FileSize == uint64_t(-1)) {
376 sys::fs::file_status Status;
377 std::error_code EC = sys::fs::status(FD, Status);
378 if (EC)
379 return EC;
380
381 // If this not a file or a block device (e.g. it's a named pipe
382 // or character device), we can't trust the size. Create the memory
383 // buffer by copying off the stream.
384 sys::fs::file_type Type = Status.type();
385 if (Type != sys::fs::file_type::regular_file &&
386 Type != sys::fs::file_type::block_file)
387 return getMemoryBufferForStream(FD, Filename);
388
389 FileSize = Status.getSize();
390 }
391 MapSize = FileSize;
392 }
393
394 if (shouldUseMmap(FD, FileSize, MapSize, Offset, RequiresNullTerminator,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000395 PageSize, IsVolatile)) {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000396 std::error_code EC;
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000397 std::unique_ptr<MB> Result(
398 new (NamedBufferAlloc(Filename)) MemoryBufferMMapFile<MB>(
399 RequiresNullTerminator, FD, MapSize, Offset, EC));
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000400 if (!EC)
401 return std::move(Result);
402 }
403
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000404 auto Buf = WritableMemoryBuffer::getNewUninitMemBuffer(MapSize, Filename);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000405 if (!Buf) {
406 // Failed to create a buffer. The only way it can fail is if
407 // new(std::nothrow) returns 0.
408 return make_error_code(errc::not_enough_memory);
409 }
410
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000411 char *BufPtr = Buf.get()->getBufferStart();
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000412
413 size_t BytesLeft = MapSize;
414#ifndef HAVE_PREAD
415 if (lseek(FD, Offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
416 return std::error_code(errno, std::generic_category());
417#endif
418
419 while (BytesLeft) {
420#ifdef HAVE_PREAD
Pavel Labathfe09f502017-06-29 13:15:31 +0000421 ssize_t NumRead = sys::RetryAfterSignal(-1, ::pread, FD, BufPtr, BytesLeft,
422 MapSize - BytesLeft + Offset);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000423#else
Pavel Labathfe09f502017-06-29 13:15:31 +0000424 ssize_t NumRead = sys::RetryAfterSignal(-1, ::read, FD, BufPtr, BytesLeft);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000425#endif
426 if (NumRead == -1) {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000427 // Error while reading.
428 return std::error_code(errno, std::generic_category());
429 }
430 if (NumRead == 0) {
431 memset(BufPtr, 0, BytesLeft); // zero-initialize rest of the buffer.
432 break;
433 }
434 BytesLeft -= NumRead;
435 BufPtr += NumRead;
436 }
437
438 return std::move(Buf);
439}
440
441ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
442MemoryBuffer::getOpenFile(int FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t FileSize,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000443 bool RequiresNullTerminator, bool IsVolatile) {
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000444 return getOpenFileImpl<MemoryBuffer>(FD, Filename, FileSize, FileSize, 0,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000445 RequiresNullTerminator, IsVolatile);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000446}
447
448ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
449MemoryBuffer::getOpenFileSlice(int FD, const Twine &Filename, uint64_t MapSize,
Zachary Turner392ed9d2017-02-21 20:55:47 +0000450 int64_t Offset, bool IsVolatile) {
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000451 assert(MapSize != uint64_t(-1));
Pavel Labath605636d2017-12-19 12:15:50 +0000452 return getOpenFileImpl<MemoryBuffer>(FD, Filename, -1, MapSize, Offset, false,
453 IsVolatile);
Zachary Turner43313b32017-02-21 19:52:57 +0000454}
455
456ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> MemoryBuffer::getSTDIN() {
457 // Read in all of the data from stdin, we cannot mmap stdin.
458 //
459 // FIXME: That isn't necessarily true, we should try to mmap stdin and
460 // fallback if it fails.
461 sys::ChangeStdinToBinary();
462
463 return getMemoryBufferForStream(0, "<stdin>");
464}
465
466ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>>
467MemoryBuffer::getFileAsStream(const Twine &Filename) {
468 int FD;
469 std::error_code EC = sys::fs::openFileForRead(Filename, FD);
470 if (EC)
471 return EC;
472 ErrorOr<std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer>> Ret =
473 getMemoryBufferForStream(FD, Filename);
474 close(FD);
475 return Ret;
476}
477
478MemoryBufferRef MemoryBuffer::getMemBufferRef() const {
479 StringRef Data = getBuffer();
480 StringRef Identifier = getBufferIdentifier();
481 return MemoryBufferRef(Data, Identifier);
482}