llvm/lib/Analysis/MemoryDependenceAnalysis.cpp

//===- MemoryDependenceAnalysis.cpp - Mem Deps Implementation -------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements an analysis that determines, for a given memory
// operation, what preceding memory operations it depends on.  It builds on
// alias analysis information, and tries to provide a lazy, caching interface to
// a common kind of alias information query.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/Analysis/MemoryDependenceAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/AssumptionCache.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/InstructionSimplify.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/MemoryBuiltins.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/PHITransAddr.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/OrderedBasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/PredIteratorCache.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
using namespace llvm;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "memdep"

STATISTIC(NumCacheNonLocal, "Number of fully cached non-local responses");
STATISTIC(NumCacheDirtyNonLocal, "Number of dirty cached non-local responses");
STATISTIC(NumUncacheNonLocal, "Number of uncached non-local responses");

STATISTIC(NumCacheNonLocalPtr,
          "Number of fully cached non-local ptr responses");
STATISTIC(NumCacheDirtyNonLocalPtr,
          "Number of cached, but dirty, non-local ptr responses");
STATISTIC(NumUncacheNonLocalPtr,
          "Number of uncached non-local ptr responses");
STATISTIC(NumCacheCompleteNonLocalPtr,
          "Number of block queries that were completely cached");

// Limit for the number of instructions to scan in a block.

static cl::opt<unsigned> BlockScanLimit(
    "memdep-block-scan-limit", cl::Hidden, cl::init(100),
    cl::desc("The number of instructions to scan in a block in memory "
             "dependency analysis (default = 100)"));

// Limit on the number of memdep results to process.
static const unsigned int NumResultsLimit = 100;

char MemoryDependenceAnalysis::ID = 0;

// Register this pass...
INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(MemoryDependenceAnalysis, "memdep",
                "Memory Dependence Analysis", false, true)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(AssumptionCacheTracker)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(AAResultsWrapperPass)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass)
INITIALIZE_PASS_END(MemoryDependenceAnalysis, "memdep",
                      "Memory Dependence Analysis", false, true)

MemoryDependenceAnalysis::MemoryDependenceAnalysis()
    : FunctionPass(ID) {
  initializeMemoryDependenceAnalysisPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
}
MemoryDependenceAnalysis::~MemoryDependenceAnalysis() {
}

/// Clean up memory in between runs
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::releaseMemory() {
  LocalDeps.clear();
  NonLocalDeps.clear();
  NonLocalPointerDeps.clear();
  ReverseLocalDeps.clear();
  ReverseNonLocalDeps.clear();
  ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps.clear();
  PredCache.clear();
}

/// getAnalysisUsage - Does not modify anything.  It uses Alias Analysis.
///
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
  AU.setPreservesAll();
  AU.addRequired<AssumptionCacheTracker>();
  AU.addRequiredTransitive<AAResultsWrapperPass>();
  AU.addRequiredTransitive<TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass>();
}

bool MemoryDependenceAnalysis::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
  AA = &getAnalysis<AAResultsWrapperPass>().getAAResults();
  AC = &getAnalysis<AssumptionCacheTracker>().getAssumptionCache(F);
  DominatorTreeWrapperPass *DTWP =
      getAnalysisIfAvailable<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>();
  DT = DTWP ? &DTWP->getDomTree() : nullptr;
  TLI = &getAnalysis<TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass>().getTLI();
  return false;
}

/// RemoveFromReverseMap - This is a helper function that removes Val from
/// 'Inst's set in ReverseMap.  If the set becomes empty, remove Inst's entry.
template <typename KeyTy>
static void RemoveFromReverseMap(DenseMap<Instruction*,
                                 SmallPtrSet<KeyTy, 4> > &ReverseMap,
                                 Instruction *Inst, KeyTy Val) {
  typename DenseMap<Instruction*, SmallPtrSet<KeyTy, 4> >::iterator
  InstIt = ReverseMap.find(Inst);
  assert(InstIt != ReverseMap.end() && "Reverse map out of sync?");
  bool Found = InstIt->second.erase(Val);
  assert(Found && "Invalid reverse map!"); (void)Found;
  if (InstIt->second.empty())
    ReverseMap.erase(InstIt);
}

/// GetLocation - If the given instruction references a specific memory
/// location, fill in Loc with the details, otherwise set Loc.Ptr to null.
/// Return a ModRefInfo value describing the general behavior of the
/// instruction.
static ModRefInfo GetLocation(const Instruction *Inst, MemoryLocation &Loc,
                              const TargetLibraryInfo &TLI) {
  if (const LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst)) {
    if (LI->isUnordered()) {
      Loc = MemoryLocation::get(LI);
      return MRI_Ref;
    }
    if (LI->getOrdering() == Monotonic) {
      Loc = MemoryLocation::get(LI);
      return MRI_ModRef;
    }
    Loc = MemoryLocation();
    return MRI_ModRef;
  }

  if (const StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst)) {
    if (SI->isUnordered()) {
      Loc = MemoryLocation::get(SI);
      return MRI_Mod;
    }
    if (SI->getOrdering() == Monotonic) {
      Loc = MemoryLocation::get(SI);
      return MRI_ModRef;
    }
    Loc = MemoryLocation();
    return MRI_ModRef;
  }

  if (const VAArgInst *V = dyn_cast<VAArgInst>(Inst)) {
    Loc = MemoryLocation::get(V);
    return MRI_ModRef;
  }

  if (const CallInst *CI = isFreeCall(Inst, &TLI)) {
    // calls to free() deallocate the entire structure
    Loc = MemoryLocation(CI->getArgOperand(0));
    return MRI_Mod;
  }

  if (const IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(Inst)) {
    AAMDNodes AAInfo;

    switch (II->getIntrinsicID()) {
    case Intrinsic::lifetime_start:
    case Intrinsic::lifetime_end:
    case Intrinsic::invariant_start:
      II->getAAMetadata(AAInfo);
      Loc = MemoryLocation(
          II->getArgOperand(1),
          cast<ConstantInt>(II->getArgOperand(0))->getZExtValue(), AAInfo);
      // These intrinsics don't really modify the memory, but returning Mod
      // will allow them to be handled conservatively.
      return MRI_Mod;
    case Intrinsic::invariant_end:
      II->getAAMetadata(AAInfo);
      Loc = MemoryLocation(
          II->getArgOperand(2),
          cast<ConstantInt>(II->getArgOperand(1))->getZExtValue(), AAInfo);
      // These intrinsics don't really modify the memory, but returning Mod
      // will allow them to be handled conservatively.
      return MRI_Mod;
    default:
      break;
    }
  }

  // Otherwise, just do the coarse-grained thing that always works.
  if (Inst->mayWriteToMemory())
    return MRI_ModRef;
  if (Inst->mayReadFromMemory())
    return MRI_Ref;
  return MRI_NoModRef;
}

/// getCallSiteDependencyFrom - Private helper for finding the local
/// dependencies of a call site.
MemDepResult MemoryDependenceAnalysis::
getCallSiteDependencyFrom(CallSite CS, bool isReadOnlyCall,
                          BasicBlock::iterator ScanIt, BasicBlock *BB) {
  unsigned Limit = BlockScanLimit;

  // Walk backwards through the block, looking for dependencies
  while (ScanIt != BB->begin()) {
    // Limit the amount of scanning we do so we don't end up with quadratic
    // running time on extreme testcases.
    --Limit;
    if (!Limit)
      return MemDepResult::getUnknown();

    Instruction *Inst = &*--ScanIt;

    // If this inst is a memory op, get the pointer it accessed
    MemoryLocation Loc;
    ModRefInfo MR = GetLocation(Inst, Loc, *TLI);
    if (Loc.Ptr) {
      // A simple instruction.
      if (AA->getModRefInfo(CS, Loc) != MRI_NoModRef)
        return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
      continue;
    }

    if (auto InstCS = CallSite(Inst)) {
      // Debug intrinsics don't cause dependences.
      if (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(Inst)) continue;
      // If these two calls do not interfere, look past it.
      switch (AA->getModRefInfo(CS, InstCS)) {
      case MRI_NoModRef:
        // If the two calls are the same, return InstCS as a Def, so that
        // CS can be found redundant and eliminated.
        if (isReadOnlyCall && !(MR & MRI_Mod) &&
            CS.getInstruction()->isIdenticalToWhenDefined(Inst))
          return MemDepResult::getDef(Inst);

        // Otherwise if the two calls don't interact (e.g. InstCS is readnone)
        // keep scanning.
        continue;
      default:
        return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
      }
    }

    // If we could not obtain a pointer for the instruction and the instruction
    // touches memory then assume that this is a dependency.
    if (MR != MRI_NoModRef)
      return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
  }

  // No dependence found.  If this is the entry block of the function, it is
  // unknown, otherwise it is non-local.
  if (BB != &BB->getParent()->getEntryBlock())
    return MemDepResult::getNonLocal();
  return MemDepResult::getNonFuncLocal();
}

/// isLoadLoadClobberIfExtendedToFullWidth - Return true if LI is a load that
/// would fully overlap MemLoc if done as a wider legal integer load.
///
/// MemLocBase, MemLocOffset are lazily computed here the first time the
/// base/offs of memloc is needed.
static bool isLoadLoadClobberIfExtendedToFullWidth(const MemoryLocation &MemLoc,
                                                   const Value *&MemLocBase,
                                                   int64_t &MemLocOffs,
                                                   const LoadInst *LI) {
  const DataLayout &DL = LI->getModule()->getDataLayout();

  // If we haven't already computed the base/offset of MemLoc, do so now.
  if (!MemLocBase)
    MemLocBase = GetPointerBaseWithConstantOffset(MemLoc.Ptr, MemLocOffs, DL);

  unsigned Size = MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getLoadLoadClobberFullWidthSize(
      MemLocBase, MemLocOffs, MemLoc.Size, LI);
  return Size != 0;
}

/// getLoadLoadClobberFullWidthSize - This is a little bit of analysis that
/// looks at a memory location for a load (specified by MemLocBase, Offs,
/// and Size) and compares it against a load.  If the specified load could
/// be safely widened to a larger integer load that is 1) still efficient,
/// 2) safe for the target, and 3) would provide the specified memory
/// location value, then this function returns the size in bytes of the
/// load width to use.  If not, this returns zero.
unsigned MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getLoadLoadClobberFullWidthSize(
    const Value *MemLocBase, int64_t MemLocOffs, unsigned MemLocSize,
    const LoadInst *LI) {
  // We can only extend simple integer loads.
  if (!isa<IntegerType>(LI->getType()) || !LI->isSimple()) return 0;

  // Load widening is hostile to ThreadSanitizer: it may cause false positives
  // or make the reports more cryptic (access sizes are wrong).
  if (LI->getParent()->getParent()->hasFnAttribute(Attribute::SanitizeThread))
    return 0;

  const DataLayout &DL = LI->getModule()->getDataLayout();

  // Get the base of this load.
  int64_t LIOffs = 0;
  const Value *LIBase =
      GetPointerBaseWithConstantOffset(LI->getPointerOperand(), LIOffs, DL);

  // If the two pointers are not based on the same pointer, we can't tell that
  // they are related.
  if (LIBase != MemLocBase) return 0;

  // Okay, the two values are based on the same pointer, but returned as
  // no-alias.  This happens when we have things like two byte loads at "P+1"
  // and "P+3".  Check to see if increasing the size of the "LI" load up to its
  // alignment (or the largest native integer type) will allow us to load all
  // the bits required by MemLoc.

  // If MemLoc is before LI, then no widening of LI will help us out.
  if (MemLocOffs < LIOffs) return 0;

  // Get the alignment of the load in bytes.  We assume that it is safe to load
  // any legal integer up to this size without a problem.  For example, if we're
  // looking at an i8 load on x86-32 that is known 1024 byte aligned, we can
  // widen it up to an i32 load.  If it is known 2-byte aligned, we can widen it
  // to i16.
  unsigned LoadAlign = LI->getAlignment();

  int64_t MemLocEnd = MemLocOffs+MemLocSize;

  // If no amount of rounding up will let MemLoc fit into LI, then bail out.
  if (LIOffs+LoadAlign < MemLocEnd) return 0;

  // This is the size of the load to try.  Start with the next larger power of
  // two.
  unsigned NewLoadByteSize = LI->getType()->getPrimitiveSizeInBits()/8U;
  NewLoadByteSize = NextPowerOf2(NewLoadByteSize);

  while (1) {
    // If this load size is bigger than our known alignment or would not fit
    // into a native integer register, then we fail.
    if (NewLoadByteSize > LoadAlign ||
        !DL.fitsInLegalInteger(NewLoadByteSize*8))
      return 0;

    if (LIOffs + NewLoadByteSize > MemLocEnd &&
        LI->getParent()->getParent()->hasFnAttribute(
            Attribute::SanitizeAddress))
      // We will be reading past the location accessed by the original program.
      // While this is safe in a regular build, Address Safety analysis tools
      // may start reporting false warnings. So, don't do widening.
      return 0;

    // If a load of this width would include all of MemLoc, then we succeed.
    if (LIOffs+NewLoadByteSize >= MemLocEnd)
      return NewLoadByteSize;

    NewLoadByteSize <<= 1;
  }
}

static bool isVolatile(Instruction *Inst) {
  if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst))
    return LI->isVolatile();
  else if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst))
    return SI->isVolatile();
  else if (AtomicCmpXchgInst *AI = dyn_cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(Inst))
    return AI->isVolatile();
  return false;
}


/// getPointerDependencyFrom - Return the instruction on which a memory
/// location depends.  If isLoad is true, this routine ignores may-aliases with
/// read-only operations.  If isLoad is false, this routine ignores may-aliases
/// with reads from read-only locations.  If possible, pass the query
/// instruction as well; this function may take advantage of the metadata
/// annotated to the query instruction to refine the result.
MemDepResult MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getPointerDependencyFrom(
    const MemoryLocation &MemLoc, bool isLoad, BasicBlock::iterator ScanIt,
    BasicBlock *BB, Instruction *QueryInst) {

  if (QueryInst != nullptr) {
    if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(QueryInst)) {
      MemDepResult invariantGroupDependency =
          getInvariantGroupPointerDependency(LI, BB);

      if (invariantGroupDependency.isDef())
        return invariantGroupDependency;
    }
  }
  return getSimplePointerDependencyFrom(MemLoc, isLoad, ScanIt, BB, QueryInst);
}

MemDepResult
MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getInvariantGroupPointerDependency(LoadInst *LI,
                                                             BasicBlock *BB) {
  Value *LoadOperand = LI->getPointerOperand();
  // It's is not safe to walk the use list of global value, because function
  // passes aren't allowed to look outside their functions.
  if (isa<GlobalValue>(LoadOperand))
    return MemDepResult::getUnknown();

  auto *InvariantGroupMD = LI->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_invariant_group);
  if (!InvariantGroupMD)
    return MemDepResult::getUnknown();

  MemDepResult Result = MemDepResult::getUnknown();
  llvm::SmallSet<Value *, 14> Seen;
  // Queue to process all pointers that are equivalent to load operand.
  llvm::SmallVector<Value *, 8> LoadOperandsQueue;
  LoadOperandsQueue.push_back(LoadOperand);
  while (!LoadOperandsQueue.empty()) {
    Value *Ptr = LoadOperandsQueue.pop_back_val();
    if (isa<GlobalValue>(Ptr))
      continue;

    if (auto *BCI = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(Ptr)) {
      if (!Seen.count(BCI->getOperand(0))) {
        LoadOperandsQueue.push_back(BCI->getOperand(0));
        Seen.insert(BCI->getOperand(0));
      }
    }

    for (Use &Us : Ptr->uses()) {
      auto *U = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Us.getUser());
      if (!U || U == LI || !DT->dominates(U, LI))
        continue;

      if (auto *BCI = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(U)) {
        if (!Seen.count(BCI)) {
          LoadOperandsQueue.push_back(BCI);
          Seen.insert(BCI);
        }
        continue;
      }
      // If we hit load/store with the same invariant.group metadata (and the
      // same pointer operand) we can assume that value pointed by pointer
      // operand didn't change.
      if ((isa<LoadInst>(U) || isa<StoreInst>(U)) && U->getParent() == BB &&
          U->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_invariant_group) == InvariantGroupMD)
        return MemDepResult::getDef(U);
    }
  }
  return Result;
}

MemDepResult MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getSimplePointerDependencyFrom(
    const MemoryLocation &MemLoc, bool isLoad, BasicBlock::iterator ScanIt,
    BasicBlock *BB, Instruction *QueryInst) {

  const Value *MemLocBase = nullptr;
  int64_t MemLocOffset = 0;
  unsigned Limit = BlockScanLimit;
  bool isInvariantLoad = false;

  // We must be careful with atomic accesses, as they may allow another thread
  //   to touch this location, cloberring it. We are conservative: if the
  //   QueryInst is not a simple (non-atomic) memory access, we automatically
  //   return getClobber.
  // If it is simple, we know based on the results of
  // "Compiler testing via a theory of sound optimisations in the C11/C++11
  //   memory model" in PLDI 2013, that a non-atomic location can only be
  //   clobbered between a pair of a release and an acquire action, with no
  //   access to the location in between.
  // Here is an example for giving the general intuition behind this rule.
  // In the following code:
  //   store x 0;
  //   release action; [1]
  //   acquire action; [4]
  //   %val = load x;
  // It is unsafe to replace %val by 0 because another thread may be running:
  //   acquire action; [2]
  //   store x 42;
  //   release action; [3]
  // with synchronization from 1 to 2 and from 3 to 4, resulting in %val
  // being 42. A key property of this program however is that if either
  // 1 or 4 were missing, there would be a race between the store of 42
  // either the store of 0 or the load (making the whole progam racy).
  // The paper mentioned above shows that the same property is respected
  // by every program that can detect any optimisation of that kind: either
  // it is racy (undefined) or there is a release followed by an acquire
  // between the pair of accesses under consideration.

  // If the load is invariant, we "know" that it doesn't alias *any* write. We
  // do want to respect mustalias results since defs are useful for value
  // forwarding, but any mayalias write can be assumed to be noalias.
  // Arguably, this logic should be pushed inside AliasAnalysis itself.
  if (isLoad && QueryInst) {
    LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(QueryInst);
    if (LI && LI->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_invariant_load) != nullptr)
      isInvariantLoad = true;
  }

  const DataLayout &DL = BB->getModule()->getDataLayout();

  // Create a numbered basic block to lazily compute and cache instruction
  // positions inside a BB. This is used to provide fast queries for relative
  // position between two instructions in a BB and can be used by
  // AliasAnalysis::callCapturesBefore.
  OrderedBasicBlock OBB(BB);

  // Walk backwards through the basic block, looking for dependencies.
  while (ScanIt != BB->begin()) {
    Instruction *Inst = &*--ScanIt;

    if (IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(Inst))
      // Debug intrinsics don't (and can't) cause dependencies.
      if (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(II)) continue;

    // Limit the amount of scanning we do so we don't end up with quadratic
    // running time on extreme testcases.
    --Limit;
    if (!Limit)
      return MemDepResult::getUnknown();

    if (IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(Inst)) {
      // If we reach a lifetime begin or end marker, then the query ends here
      // because the value is undefined.
      if (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::lifetime_start) {
        // FIXME: This only considers queries directly on the invariant-tagged
        // pointer, not on query pointers that are indexed off of them.  It'd
        // be nice to handle that at some point (the right approach is to use
        // GetPointerBaseWithConstantOffset).
        if (AA->isMustAlias(MemoryLocation(II->getArgOperand(1)), MemLoc))
          return MemDepResult::getDef(II);
        continue;
      }
    }

    // Values depend on loads if the pointers are must aliased.  This means that
    // a load depends on another must aliased load from the same value.
    // One exception is atomic loads: a value can depend on an atomic load that it
    // does not alias with when this atomic load indicates that another thread may
    // be accessing the location.
    if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst)) {

      // While volatile access cannot be eliminated, they do not have to clobber
      // non-aliasing locations, as normal accesses, for example, can be safely
      // reordered with volatile accesses.
      if (LI->isVolatile()) {
        if (!QueryInst)
          // Original QueryInst *may* be volatile
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(LI);
        if (isVolatile(QueryInst))
          // Ordering required if QueryInst is itself volatile
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(LI);
        // Otherwise, volatile doesn't imply any special ordering
      }
      
      // Atomic loads have complications involved.
      // A Monotonic (or higher) load is OK if the query inst is itself not atomic.
      // FIXME: This is overly conservative.
      if (LI->isAtomic() && LI->getOrdering() > Unordered) {
        if (!QueryInst)
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(LI);
        if (LI->getOrdering() != Monotonic)
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(LI);
        if (auto *QueryLI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(QueryInst)) {
          if (!QueryLI->isSimple())
            return MemDepResult::getClobber(LI);
        } else if (auto *QuerySI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(QueryInst)) {
          if (!QuerySI->isSimple())
            return MemDepResult::getClobber(LI);
        } else if (QueryInst->mayReadOrWriteMemory()) {
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(LI);
        }
      }

      MemoryLocation LoadLoc = MemoryLocation::get(LI);

      // If we found a pointer, check if it could be the same as our pointer.
      AliasResult R = AA->alias(LoadLoc, MemLoc);

      if (isLoad) {
        if (R == NoAlias) {
          // If this is an over-aligned integer load (for example,
          // "load i8* %P, align 4") see if it would obviously overlap with the
          // queried location if widened to a larger load (e.g. if the queried
          // location is 1 byte at P+1).  If so, return it as a load/load
          // clobber result, allowing the client to decide to widen the load if
          // it wants to.
          if (IntegerType *ITy = dyn_cast<IntegerType>(LI->getType())) {
            if (LI->getAlignment() * 8 > ITy->getPrimitiveSizeInBits() &&
                isLoadLoadClobberIfExtendedToFullWidth(MemLoc, MemLocBase,
                                                       MemLocOffset, LI))
              return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
          }
          continue;
        }

        // Must aliased loads are defs of each other.
        if (R == MustAlias)
          return MemDepResult::getDef(Inst);

#if 0 // FIXME: Temporarily disabled. GVN is cleverly rewriting loads
      // in terms of clobbering loads, but since it does this by looking
      // at the clobbering load directly, it doesn't know about any
      // phi translation that may have happened along the way.

        // If we have a partial alias, then return this as a clobber for the
        // client to handle.
        if (R == PartialAlias)
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
#endif

        // Random may-alias loads don't depend on each other without a
        // dependence.
        continue;
      }

      // Stores don't depend on other no-aliased accesses.
      if (R == NoAlias)
        continue;

      // Stores don't alias loads from read-only memory.
      if (AA->pointsToConstantMemory(LoadLoc))
        continue;

      // Stores depend on may/must aliased loads.
      return MemDepResult::getDef(Inst);
    }

    if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst)) {
      // Atomic stores have complications involved.
      // A Monotonic store is OK if the query inst is itself not atomic.
      // FIXME: This is overly conservative.
      if (!SI->isUnordered()) {
        if (!QueryInst)
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(SI);
        if (SI->getOrdering() != Monotonic)
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(SI);
        if (auto *QueryLI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(QueryInst)) {
          if (!QueryLI->isSimple())
            return MemDepResult::getClobber(SI);
        } else if (auto *QuerySI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(QueryInst)) {
          if (!QuerySI->isSimple())
            return MemDepResult::getClobber(SI);
        } else if (QueryInst->mayReadOrWriteMemory()) {
          return MemDepResult::getClobber(SI);
        }
      }

      // FIXME: this is overly conservative.
      // While volatile access cannot be eliminated, they do not have to clobber
      // non-aliasing locations, as normal accesses can for example be reordered
      // with volatile accesses.
      if (SI->isVolatile())
        return MemDepResult::getClobber(SI);

      // If alias analysis can tell that this store is guaranteed to not modify
      // the query pointer, ignore it.  Use getModRefInfo to handle cases where
      // the query pointer points to constant memory etc.
      if (AA->getModRefInfo(SI, MemLoc) == MRI_NoModRef)
        continue;

      // Ok, this store might clobber the query pointer.  Check to see if it is
      // a must alias: in this case, we want to return this as a def.
      MemoryLocation StoreLoc = MemoryLocation::get(SI);

      // If we found a pointer, check if it could be the same as our pointer.
      AliasResult R = AA->alias(StoreLoc, MemLoc);

      if (R == NoAlias)
        continue;
      if (R == MustAlias)
        return MemDepResult::getDef(Inst);
      if (isInvariantLoad)
       continue;
      return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
    }

    // If this is an allocation, and if we know that the accessed pointer is to
    // the allocation, return Def.  This means that there is no dependence and
    // the access can be optimized based on that.  For example, a load could
    // turn into undef.
    // Note: Only determine this to be a malloc if Inst is the malloc call, not
    // a subsequent bitcast of the malloc call result.  There can be stores to
    // the malloced memory between the malloc call and its bitcast uses, and we
    // need to continue scanning until the malloc call.
    if (isa<AllocaInst>(Inst) || isNoAliasFn(Inst, TLI)) {
      const Value *AccessPtr = GetUnderlyingObject(MemLoc.Ptr, DL);

      if (AccessPtr == Inst || AA->isMustAlias(Inst, AccessPtr))
        return MemDepResult::getDef(Inst);
      if (isInvariantLoad)
        continue;
      // Be conservative if the accessed pointer may alias the allocation.
      if (AA->alias(Inst, AccessPtr) != NoAlias)
        return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
      // If the allocation is not aliased and does not read memory (like
      // strdup), it is safe to ignore.
      if (isa<AllocaInst>(Inst) ||
          isMallocLikeFn(Inst, TLI) || isCallocLikeFn(Inst, TLI))
        continue;
    }

    if (isInvariantLoad)
       continue;

    // See if this instruction (e.g. a call or vaarg) mod/ref's the pointer.
    ModRefInfo MR = AA->getModRefInfo(Inst, MemLoc);
    // If necessary, perform additional analysis.
    if (MR == MRI_ModRef)
      MR = AA->callCapturesBefore(Inst, MemLoc, DT, &OBB);
    switch (MR) {
    case MRI_NoModRef:
      // If the call has no effect on the queried pointer, just ignore it.
      continue;
    case MRI_Mod:
      return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
    case MRI_Ref:
      // If the call is known to never store to the pointer, and if this is a
      // load query, we can safely ignore it (scan past it).
      if (isLoad)
        continue;
    default:
      // Otherwise, there is a potential dependence.  Return a clobber.
      return MemDepResult::getClobber(Inst);
    }
  }

  // No dependence found.  If this is the entry block of the function, it is
  // unknown, otherwise it is non-local.
  if (BB != &BB->getParent()->getEntryBlock())
    return MemDepResult::getNonLocal();
  return MemDepResult::getNonFuncLocal();
}

/// getDependency - Return the instruction on which a memory operation
/// depends.
MemDepResult MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getDependency(Instruction *QueryInst) {
  Instruction *ScanPos = QueryInst;

  // Check for a cached result
  MemDepResult &LocalCache = LocalDeps[QueryInst];

  // If the cached entry is non-dirty, just return it.  Note that this depends
  // on MemDepResult's default constructing to 'dirty'.
  if (!LocalCache.isDirty())
    return LocalCache;

  // Otherwise, if we have a dirty entry, we know we can start the scan at that
  // instruction, which may save us some work.
  if (Instruction *Inst = LocalCache.getInst()) {
    ScanPos = Inst;

    RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseLocalDeps, Inst, QueryInst);
  }

  BasicBlock *QueryParent = QueryInst->getParent();

  // Do the scan.
  if (BasicBlock::iterator(QueryInst) == QueryParent->begin()) {
    // No dependence found.  If this is the entry block of the function, it is
    // unknown, otherwise it is non-local.
    if (QueryParent != &QueryParent->getParent()->getEntryBlock())
      LocalCache = MemDepResult::getNonLocal();
    else
      LocalCache = MemDepResult::getNonFuncLocal();
  } else {
    MemoryLocation MemLoc;
    ModRefInfo MR = GetLocation(QueryInst, MemLoc, *TLI);
    if (MemLoc.Ptr) {
      // If we can do a pointer scan, make it happen.
      bool isLoad = !(MR & MRI_Mod);
      if (IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(QueryInst))
        isLoad |= II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::lifetime_start;

      LocalCache = getPointerDependencyFrom(
          MemLoc, isLoad, ScanPos->getIterator(), QueryParent, QueryInst);
    } else if (isa<CallInst>(QueryInst) || isa<InvokeInst>(QueryInst)) {
      CallSite QueryCS(QueryInst);
      bool isReadOnly = AA->onlyReadsMemory(QueryCS);
      LocalCache = getCallSiteDependencyFrom(
          QueryCS, isReadOnly, ScanPos->getIterator(), QueryParent);
    } else
      // Non-memory instruction.
      LocalCache = MemDepResult::getUnknown();
  }

  // Remember the result!
  if (Instruction *I = LocalCache.getInst())
    ReverseLocalDeps[I].insert(QueryInst);

  return LocalCache;
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
/// AssertSorted - This method is used when -debug is specified to verify that
/// cache arrays are properly kept sorted.
static void AssertSorted(MemoryDependenceAnalysis::NonLocalDepInfo &Cache,
                         int Count = -1) {
  if (Count == -1) Count = Cache.size();
  assert(std::is_sorted(Cache.begin(), Cache.begin() + Count) &&
         "Cache isn't sorted!");
}
#endif

/// getNonLocalCallDependency - Perform a full dependency query for the
/// specified call, returning the set of blocks that the value is
/// potentially live across.  The returned set of results will include a
/// "NonLocal" result for all blocks where the value is live across.
///
/// This method assumes the instruction returns a "NonLocal" dependency
/// within its own block.
///
/// This returns a reference to an internal data structure that may be
/// invalidated on the next non-local query or when an instruction is
/// removed.  Clients must copy this data if they want it around longer than
/// that.
const MemoryDependenceAnalysis::NonLocalDepInfo &
MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getNonLocalCallDependency(CallSite QueryCS) {
  assert(getDependency(QueryCS.getInstruction()).isNonLocal() &&
 "getNonLocalCallDependency should only be used on calls with non-local deps!");
  PerInstNLInfo &CacheP = NonLocalDeps[QueryCS.getInstruction()];
  NonLocalDepInfo &Cache = CacheP.first;

  /// DirtyBlocks - This is the set of blocks that need to be recomputed.  In
  /// the cached case, this can happen due to instructions being deleted etc. In
  /// the uncached case, this starts out as the set of predecessors we care
  /// about.
  SmallVector<BasicBlock*, 32> DirtyBlocks;

  if (!Cache.empty()) {
    // Okay, we have a cache entry.  If we know it is not dirty, just return it
    // with no computation.
    if (!CacheP.second) {
      ++NumCacheNonLocal;
      return Cache;
    }

    // If we already have a partially computed set of results, scan them to
    // determine what is dirty, seeding our initial DirtyBlocks worklist.
    for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator I = Cache.begin(), E = Cache.end();
       I != E; ++I)
      if (I->getResult().isDirty())
        DirtyBlocks.push_back(I->getBB());

    // Sort the cache so that we can do fast binary search lookups below.
    std::sort(Cache.begin(), Cache.end());

    ++NumCacheDirtyNonLocal;
    //cerr << "CACHED CASE: " << DirtyBlocks.size() << " dirty: "
    //     << Cache.size() << " cached: " << *QueryInst;
  } else {
    // Seed DirtyBlocks with each of the preds of QueryInst's block.
    BasicBlock *QueryBB = QueryCS.getInstruction()->getParent();
    for (BasicBlock *Pred : PredCache.get(QueryBB))
      DirtyBlocks.push_back(Pred);
    ++NumUncacheNonLocal;
  }

  // isReadonlyCall - If this is a read-only call, we can be more aggressive.
  bool isReadonlyCall = AA->onlyReadsMemory(QueryCS);

  SmallPtrSet<BasicBlock*, 64> Visited;

  unsigned NumSortedEntries = Cache.size();
  DEBUG(AssertSorted(Cache));

  // Iterate while we still have blocks to update.
  while (!DirtyBlocks.empty()) {
    BasicBlock *DirtyBB = DirtyBlocks.back();
    DirtyBlocks.pop_back();

    // Already processed this block?
    if (!Visited.insert(DirtyBB).second)
      continue;

    // Do a binary search to see if we already have an entry for this block in
    // the cache set.  If so, find it.
    DEBUG(AssertSorted(Cache, NumSortedEntries));
    NonLocalDepInfo::iterator Entry =
      std::upper_bound(Cache.begin(), Cache.begin()+NumSortedEntries,
                       NonLocalDepEntry(DirtyBB));
    if (Entry != Cache.begin() && std::prev(Entry)->getBB() == DirtyBB)
      --Entry;

    NonLocalDepEntry *ExistingResult = nullptr;
    if (Entry != Cache.begin()+NumSortedEntries &&
        Entry->getBB() == DirtyBB) {
      // If we already have an entry, and if it isn't already dirty, the block
      // is done.
      if (!Entry->getResult().isDirty())
        continue;

      // Otherwise, remember this slot so we can update the value.
      ExistingResult = &*Entry;
    }

    // If the dirty entry has a pointer, start scanning from it so we don't have
    // to rescan the entire block.
    BasicBlock::iterator ScanPos = DirtyBB->end();
    if (ExistingResult) {
      if (Instruction *Inst = ExistingResult->getResult().getInst()) {
        ScanPos = Inst->getIterator();
        // We're removing QueryInst's use of Inst.
        RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseNonLocalDeps, Inst,
                             QueryCS.getInstruction());
      }
    }

    // Find out if this block has a local dependency for QueryInst.
    MemDepResult Dep;

    if (ScanPos != DirtyBB->begin()) {
      Dep = getCallSiteDependencyFrom(QueryCS, isReadonlyCall,ScanPos, DirtyBB);
    } else if (DirtyBB != &DirtyBB->getParent()->getEntryBlock()) {
      // No dependence found.  If this is the entry block of the function, it is
      // a clobber, otherwise it is unknown.
      Dep = MemDepResult::getNonLocal();
    } else {
      Dep = MemDepResult::getNonFuncLocal();
    }

    // If we had a dirty entry for the block, update it.  Otherwise, just add
    // a new entry.
    if (ExistingResult)
      ExistingResult->setResult(Dep);
    else
      Cache.push_back(NonLocalDepEntry(DirtyBB, Dep));

    // If the block has a dependency (i.e. it isn't completely transparent to
    // the value), remember the association!
    if (!Dep.isNonLocal()) {
      // Keep the ReverseNonLocalDeps map up to date so we can efficiently
      // update this when we remove instructions.
      if (Instruction *Inst = Dep.getInst())
        ReverseNonLocalDeps[Inst].insert(QueryCS.getInstruction());
    } else {

      // If the block *is* completely transparent to the load, we need to check
      // the predecessors of this block.  Add them to our worklist.
      for (BasicBlock *Pred : PredCache.get(DirtyBB))
        DirtyBlocks.push_back(Pred);
    }
  }

  return Cache;
}

/// getNonLocalPointerDependency - Perform a full dependency query for an
/// access to the specified (non-volatile) memory location, returning the
/// set of instructions that either define or clobber the value.
///
/// This method assumes the pointer has a "NonLocal" dependency within its
/// own block.
///
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::
getNonLocalPointerDependency(Instruction *QueryInst,
                             SmallVectorImpl<NonLocalDepResult> &Result) {
  const MemoryLocation Loc = MemoryLocation::get(QueryInst);
  bool isLoad = isa<LoadInst>(QueryInst);
  BasicBlock *FromBB = QueryInst->getParent();
  assert(FromBB);

  assert(Loc.Ptr->getType()->isPointerTy() &&
         "Can't get pointer deps of a non-pointer!");
  Result.clear();
  
  // This routine does not expect to deal with volatile instructions.
  // Doing so would require piping through the QueryInst all the way through.
  // TODO: volatiles can't be elided, but they can be reordered with other
  // non-volatile accesses.

  // We currently give up on any instruction which is ordered, but we do handle
  // atomic instructions which are unordered.
  // TODO: Handle ordered instructions
  auto isOrdered = [](Instruction *Inst) {
    if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst)) {
      return !LI->isUnordered();
    } else if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst)) {
      return !SI->isUnordered();
    }
    return false;
  };
  if (isVolatile(QueryInst) || isOrdered(QueryInst)) {
    Result.push_back(NonLocalDepResult(FromBB,
                                       MemDepResult::getUnknown(),
                                       const_cast<Value *>(Loc.Ptr)));
    return;
  }
  const DataLayout &DL = FromBB->getModule()->getDataLayout();
  PHITransAddr Address(const_cast<Value *>(Loc.Ptr), DL, AC);

  // This is the set of blocks we've inspected, and the pointer we consider in
  // each block.  Because of critical edges, we currently bail out if querying
  // a block with multiple different pointers.  This can happen during PHI
  // translation.
  DenseMap<BasicBlock*, Value*> Visited;
  if (!getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB(QueryInst, Address, Loc, isLoad, FromBB,
                                   Result, Visited, true))
    return;
  Result.clear();
  Result.push_back(NonLocalDepResult(FromBB,
                                     MemDepResult::getUnknown(),
                                     const_cast<Value *>(Loc.Ptr)));
}

/// GetNonLocalInfoForBlock - Compute the memdep value for BB with
/// Pointer/PointeeSize using either cached information in Cache or by doing a
/// lookup (which may use dirty cache info if available).  If we do a lookup,
/// add the result to the cache.
MemDepResult MemoryDependenceAnalysis::GetNonLocalInfoForBlock(
    Instruction *QueryInst, const MemoryLocation &Loc, bool isLoad,
    BasicBlock *BB, NonLocalDepInfo *Cache, unsigned NumSortedEntries) {

  // Do a binary search to see if we already have an entry for this block in
  // the cache set.  If so, find it.
  NonLocalDepInfo::iterator Entry =
    std::upper_bound(Cache->begin(), Cache->begin()+NumSortedEntries,
                     NonLocalDepEntry(BB));
  if (Entry != Cache->begin() && (Entry-1)->getBB() == BB)
    --Entry;

  NonLocalDepEntry *ExistingResult = nullptr;
  if (Entry != Cache->begin()+NumSortedEntries && Entry->getBB() == BB)
    ExistingResult = &*Entry;

  // If we have a cached entry, and it is non-dirty, use it as the value for
  // this dependency.
  if (ExistingResult && !ExistingResult->getResult().isDirty()) {
    ++NumCacheNonLocalPtr;
    return ExistingResult->getResult();
  }

  // Otherwise, we have to scan for the value.  If we have a dirty cache
  // entry, start scanning from its position, otherwise we scan from the end
  // of the block.
  BasicBlock::iterator ScanPos = BB->end();
  if (ExistingResult && ExistingResult->getResult().getInst()) {
    assert(ExistingResult->getResult().getInst()->getParent() == BB &&
           "Instruction invalidated?");
    ++NumCacheDirtyNonLocalPtr;
    ScanPos = ExistingResult->getResult().getInst()->getIterator();

    // Eliminating the dirty entry from 'Cache', so update the reverse info.
    ValueIsLoadPair CacheKey(Loc.Ptr, isLoad);
    RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps, &*ScanPos, CacheKey);
  } else {
    ++NumUncacheNonLocalPtr;
  }

  // Scan the block for the dependency.
  MemDepResult Dep = getPointerDependencyFrom(Loc, isLoad, ScanPos, BB,
                                              QueryInst);

  // If we had a dirty entry for the block, update it.  Otherwise, just add
  // a new entry.
  if (ExistingResult)
    ExistingResult->setResult(Dep);
  else
    Cache->push_back(NonLocalDepEntry(BB, Dep));

  // If the block has a dependency (i.e. it isn't completely transparent to
  // the value), remember the reverse association because we just added it
  // to Cache!
  if (!Dep.isDef() && !Dep.isClobber())
    return Dep;

  // Keep the ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps map up to date so we can efficiently
  // update MemDep when we remove instructions.
  Instruction *Inst = Dep.getInst();
  assert(Inst && "Didn't depend on anything?");
  ValueIsLoadPair CacheKey(Loc.Ptr, isLoad);
  ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps[Inst].insert(CacheKey);
  return Dep;
}

/// SortNonLocalDepInfoCache - Sort the NonLocalDepInfo cache, given a certain
/// number of elements in the array that are already properly ordered.  This is
/// optimized for the case when only a few entries are added.
static void
SortNonLocalDepInfoCache(MemoryDependenceAnalysis::NonLocalDepInfo &Cache,
                         unsigned NumSortedEntries) {
  switch (Cache.size() - NumSortedEntries) {
  case 0:
    // done, no new entries.
    break;
  case 2: {
    // Two new entries, insert the last one into place.
    NonLocalDepEntry Val = Cache.back();
    Cache.pop_back();
    MemoryDependenceAnalysis::NonLocalDepInfo::iterator Entry =
      std::upper_bound(Cache.begin(), Cache.end()-1, Val);
    Cache.insert(Entry, Val);
    // FALL THROUGH.
  }
  case 1:
    // One new entry, Just insert the new value at the appropriate position.
    if (Cache.size() != 1) {
      NonLocalDepEntry Val = Cache.back();
      Cache.pop_back();
      MemoryDependenceAnalysis::NonLocalDepInfo::iterator Entry =
        std::upper_bound(Cache.begin(), Cache.end(), Val);
      Cache.insert(Entry, Val);
    }
    break;
  default:
    // Added many values, do a full scale sort.
    std::sort(Cache.begin(), Cache.end());
    break;
  }
}

/// getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB - Perform a dependency query based on
/// pointer/pointeesize starting at the end of StartBB.  Add any clobber/def
/// results to the results vector and keep track of which blocks are visited in
/// 'Visited'.
///
/// This has special behavior for the first block queries (when SkipFirstBlock
/// is true).  In this special case, it ignores the contents of the specified
/// block and starts returning dependence info for its predecessors.
///
/// This function returns false on success, or true to indicate that it could
/// not compute dependence information for some reason.  This should be treated
/// as a clobber dependence on the first instruction in the predecessor block.
bool MemoryDependenceAnalysis::getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB(
    Instruction *QueryInst, const PHITransAddr &Pointer,
    const MemoryLocation &Loc, bool isLoad, BasicBlock *StartBB,
    SmallVectorImpl<NonLocalDepResult> &Result,
    DenseMap<BasicBlock *, Value *> &Visited, bool SkipFirstBlock) {
  // Look up the cached info for Pointer.
  ValueIsLoadPair CacheKey(Pointer.getAddr(), isLoad);

  // Set up a temporary NLPI value. If the map doesn't yet have an entry for
  // CacheKey, this value will be inserted as the associated value. Otherwise,
  // it'll be ignored, and we'll have to check to see if the cached size and
  // aa tags are consistent with the current query.
  NonLocalPointerInfo InitialNLPI;
  InitialNLPI.Size = Loc.Size;
  InitialNLPI.AATags = Loc.AATags;

  // Get the NLPI for CacheKey, inserting one into the map if it doesn't
  // already have one.
  std::pair<CachedNonLocalPointerInfo::iterator, bool> Pair =
    NonLocalPointerDeps.insert(std::make_pair(CacheKey, InitialNLPI));
  NonLocalPointerInfo *CacheInfo = &Pair.first->second;

  // If we already have a cache entry for this CacheKey, we may need to do some
  // work to reconcile the cache entry and the current query.
  if (!Pair.second) {
    if (CacheInfo->Size < Loc.Size) {
      // The query's Size is greater than the cached one. Throw out the
      // cached data and proceed with the query at the greater size.
      CacheInfo->Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();
      CacheInfo->Size = Loc.Size;
      for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator DI = CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps.begin(),
           DE = CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps.end(); DI != DE; ++DI)
        if (Instruction *Inst = DI->getResult().getInst())
          RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps, Inst, CacheKey);
      CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps.clear();
    } else if (CacheInfo->Size > Loc.Size) {
      // This query's Size is less than the cached one. Conservatively restart
      // the query using the greater size.
      return getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB(QueryInst, Pointer,
                                         Loc.getWithNewSize(CacheInfo->Size),
                                         isLoad, StartBB, Result, Visited,
                                         SkipFirstBlock);
    }

    // If the query's AATags are inconsistent with the cached one,
    // conservatively throw out the cached data and restart the query with
    // no tag if needed.
    if (CacheInfo->AATags != Loc.AATags) {
      if (CacheInfo->AATags) {
        CacheInfo->Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();
        CacheInfo->AATags = AAMDNodes();
        for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator DI = CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps.begin(),
             DE = CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps.end(); DI != DE; ++DI)
          if (Instruction *Inst = DI->getResult().getInst())
            RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps, Inst, CacheKey);
        CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps.clear();
      }
      if (Loc.AATags)
        return getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB(QueryInst,
                                           Pointer, Loc.getWithoutAATags(),
                                           isLoad, StartBB, Result, Visited,
                                           SkipFirstBlock);
    }
  }

  NonLocalDepInfo *Cache = &CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps;

  // If we have valid cached information for exactly the block we are
  // investigating, just return it with no recomputation.
  if (CacheInfo->Pair == BBSkipFirstBlockPair(StartBB, SkipFirstBlock)) {
    // We have a fully cached result for this query then we can just return the
    // cached results and populate the visited set.  However, we have to verify
    // that we don't already have conflicting results for these blocks.  Check
    // to ensure that if a block in the results set is in the visited set that
    // it was for the same pointer query.
    if (!Visited.empty()) {
      for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator I = Cache->begin(), E = Cache->end();
           I != E; ++I) {
        DenseMap<BasicBlock*, Value*>::iterator VI = Visited.find(I->getBB());
        if (VI == Visited.end() || VI->second == Pointer.getAddr())
          continue;

        // We have a pointer mismatch in a block.  Just return clobber, saying
        // that something was clobbered in this result.  We could also do a
        // non-fully cached query, but there is little point in doing this.
        return true;
      }
    }

    Value *Addr = Pointer.getAddr();
    for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator I = Cache->begin(), E = Cache->end();
         I != E; ++I) {
      Visited.insert(std::make_pair(I->getBB(), Addr));
      if (I->getResult().isNonLocal()) {
        continue;
      }

      if (!DT) {
        Result.push_back(NonLocalDepResult(I->getBB(),
                                           MemDepResult::getUnknown(),
                                           Addr));
      } else if (DT->isReachableFromEntry(I->getBB())) {
        Result.push_back(NonLocalDepResult(I->getBB(), I->getResult(), Addr));
      }
    }
    ++NumCacheCompleteNonLocalPtr;
    return false;
  }

  // Otherwise, either this is a new block, a block with an invalid cache
  // pointer or one that we're about to invalidate by putting more info into it
  // than its valid cache info.  If empty, the result will be valid cache info,
  // otherwise it isn't.
  if (Cache->empty())
    CacheInfo->Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair(StartBB, SkipFirstBlock);
  else
    CacheInfo->Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();

  SmallVector<BasicBlock*, 32> Worklist;
  Worklist.push_back(StartBB);

  // PredList used inside loop.
  SmallVector<std::pair<BasicBlock*, PHITransAddr>, 16> PredList;

  // Keep track of the entries that we know are sorted.  Previously cached
  // entries will all be sorted.  The entries we add we only sort on demand (we
  // don't insert every element into its sorted position).  We know that we
  // won't get any reuse from currently inserted values, because we don't
  // revisit blocks after we insert info for them.
  unsigned NumSortedEntries = Cache->size();
  DEBUG(AssertSorted(*Cache));

  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
    BasicBlock *BB = Worklist.pop_back_val();

    // If we do process a large number of blocks it becomes very expensive and
    // likely it isn't worth worrying about
    if (Result.size() > NumResultsLimit) {
      Worklist.clear();
      // Sort it now (if needed) so that recursive invocations of
      // getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB and other routines that could reuse the
      // cache value will only see properly sorted cache arrays.
      if (Cache && NumSortedEntries != Cache->size()) {
        SortNonLocalDepInfoCache(*Cache, NumSortedEntries);
      }
      // Since we bail out, the "Cache" set won't contain all of the
      // results for the query.  This is ok (we can still use it to accelerate
      // specific block queries) but we can't do the fastpath "return all
      // results from the set".  Clear out the indicator for this.
      CacheInfo->Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();
      return true;
    }

    // Skip the first block if we have it.
    if (!SkipFirstBlock) {
      // Analyze the dependency of *Pointer in FromBB.  See if we already have
      // been here.
      assert(Visited.count(BB) && "Should check 'visited' before adding to WL");

      // Get the dependency info for Pointer in BB.  If we have cached
      // information, we will use it, otherwise we compute it.
      DEBUG(AssertSorted(*Cache, NumSortedEntries));
      MemDepResult Dep = GetNonLocalInfoForBlock(QueryInst,
                                                 Loc, isLoad, BB, Cache,
                                                 NumSortedEntries);

      // If we got a Def or Clobber, add this to the list of results.
      if (!Dep.isNonLocal()) {
        if (!DT) {
          Result.push_back(NonLocalDepResult(BB,
                                             MemDepResult::getUnknown(),
                                             Pointer.getAddr()));
          continue;
        } else if (DT->isReachableFromEntry(BB)) {
          Result.push_back(NonLocalDepResult(BB, Dep, Pointer.getAddr()));
          continue;
        }
      }
    }

    // If 'Pointer' is an instruction defined in this block, then we need to do
    // phi translation to change it into a value live in the predecessor block.
    // If not, we just add the predecessors to the worklist and scan them with
    // the same Pointer.
    if (!Pointer.NeedsPHITranslationFromBlock(BB)) {
      SkipFirstBlock = false;
      SmallVector<BasicBlock*, 16> NewBlocks;
      for (BasicBlock *Pred : PredCache.get(BB)) {
        // Verify that we haven't looked at this block yet.
        std::pair<DenseMap<BasicBlock*,Value*>::iterator, bool>
          InsertRes = Visited.insert(std::make_pair(Pred, Pointer.getAddr()));
        if (InsertRes.second) {
          // First time we've looked at *PI.
          NewBlocks.push_back(Pred);
          continue;
        }

        // If we have seen this block before, but it was with a different
        // pointer then we have a phi translation failure and we have to treat
        // this as a clobber.
        if (InsertRes.first->second != Pointer.getAddr()) {
          // Make sure to clean up the Visited map before continuing on to
          // PredTranslationFailure.
          for (unsigned i = 0; i < NewBlocks.size(); i++)
            Visited.erase(NewBlocks[i]);
          goto PredTranslationFailure;
        }
      }
      Worklist.append(NewBlocks.begin(), NewBlocks.end());
      continue;
    }

    // We do need to do phi translation, if we know ahead of time we can't phi
    // translate this value, don't even try.
    if (!Pointer.IsPotentiallyPHITranslatable())
      goto PredTranslationFailure;

    // We may have added values to the cache list before this PHI translation.
    // If so, we haven't done anything to ensure that the cache remains sorted.
    // Sort it now (if needed) so that recursive invocations of
    // getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB and other routines that could reuse the cache
    // value will only see properly sorted cache arrays.
    if (Cache && NumSortedEntries != Cache->size()) {
      SortNonLocalDepInfoCache(*Cache, NumSortedEntries);
      NumSortedEntries = Cache->size();
    }
    Cache = nullptr;

    PredList.clear();
    for (BasicBlock *Pred : PredCache.get(BB)) {
      PredList.push_back(std::make_pair(Pred, Pointer));

      // Get the PHI translated pointer in this predecessor.  This can fail if
      // not translatable, in which case the getAddr() returns null.
      PHITransAddr &PredPointer = PredList.back().second;
      PredPointer.PHITranslateValue(BB, Pred, DT, /*MustDominate=*/false);
      Value *PredPtrVal = PredPointer.getAddr();

      // Check to see if we have already visited this pred block with another
      // pointer.  If so, we can't do this lookup.  This failure can occur
      // with PHI translation when a critical edge exists and the PHI node in
      // the successor translates to a pointer value different than the
      // pointer the block was first analyzed with.
      std::pair<DenseMap<BasicBlock*,Value*>::iterator, bool>
        InsertRes = Visited.insert(std::make_pair(Pred, PredPtrVal));

      if (!InsertRes.second) {
        // We found the pred; take it off the list of preds to visit.
        PredList.pop_back();

        // If the predecessor was visited with PredPtr, then we already did
        // the analysis and can ignore it.
        if (InsertRes.first->second == PredPtrVal)
          continue;

        // Otherwise, the block was previously analyzed with a different
        // pointer.  We can't represent the result of this case, so we just
        // treat this as a phi translation failure.

        // Make sure to clean up the Visited map before continuing on to
        // PredTranslationFailure.
        for (unsigned i = 0, n = PredList.size(); i < n; ++i)
          Visited.erase(PredList[i].first);

        goto PredTranslationFailure;
      }
    }

    // Actually process results here; this need to be a separate loop to avoid
    // calling getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB for blocks we don't want to return
    // any results for.  (getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB will modify our
    // datastructures in ways the code after the PredTranslationFailure label
    // doesn't expect.)
    for (unsigned i = 0, n = PredList.size(); i < n; ++i) {
      BasicBlock *Pred = PredList[i].first;
      PHITransAddr &PredPointer = PredList[i].second;
      Value *PredPtrVal = PredPointer.getAddr();

      bool CanTranslate = true;
      // If PHI translation was unable to find an available pointer in this
      // predecessor, then we have to assume that the pointer is clobbered in
      // that predecessor.  We can still do PRE of the load, which would insert
      // a computation of the pointer in this predecessor.
      if (!PredPtrVal)
        CanTranslate = false;

      // FIXME: it is entirely possible that PHI translating will end up with
      // the same value.  Consider PHI translating something like:
      // X = phi [x, bb1], [y, bb2].  PHI translating for bb1 doesn't *need*
      // to recurse here, pedantically speaking.

      // If getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB fails here, that means the cached
      // result conflicted with the Visited list; we have to conservatively
      // assume it is unknown, but this also does not block PRE of the load.
      if (!CanTranslate ||
          getNonLocalPointerDepFromBB(QueryInst, PredPointer,
                                      Loc.getWithNewPtr(PredPtrVal),
                                      isLoad, Pred,
                                      Result, Visited)) {
        // Add the entry to the Result list.
        NonLocalDepResult Entry(Pred, MemDepResult::getUnknown(), PredPtrVal);
        Result.push_back(Entry);

        // Since we had a phi translation failure, the cache for CacheKey won't
        // include all of the entries that we need to immediately satisfy future
        // queries.  Mark this in NonLocalPointerDeps by setting the
        // BBSkipFirstBlockPair pointer to null.  This requires reuse of the
        // cached value to do more work but not miss the phi trans failure.
        NonLocalPointerInfo &NLPI = NonLocalPointerDeps[CacheKey];
        NLPI.Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();
        continue;
      }
    }

    // Refresh the CacheInfo/Cache pointer so that it isn't invalidated.
    CacheInfo = &NonLocalPointerDeps[CacheKey];
    Cache = &CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps;
    NumSortedEntries = Cache->size();

    // Since we did phi translation, the "Cache" set won't contain all of the
    // results for the query.  This is ok (we can still use it to accelerate
    // specific block queries) but we can't do the fastpath "return all
    // results from the set"  Clear out the indicator for this.
    CacheInfo->Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();
    SkipFirstBlock = false;
    continue;

  PredTranslationFailure:
    // The following code is "failure"; we can't produce a sane translation
    // for the given block.  It assumes that we haven't modified any of
    // our datastructures while processing the current block.

    if (!Cache) {
      // Refresh the CacheInfo/Cache pointer if it got invalidated.
      CacheInfo = &NonLocalPointerDeps[CacheKey];
      Cache = &CacheInfo->NonLocalDeps;
      NumSortedEntries = Cache->size();
    }

    // Since we failed phi translation, the "Cache" set won't contain all of the
    // results for the query.  This is ok (we can still use it to accelerate
    // specific block queries) but we can't do the fastpath "return all
    // results from the set".  Clear out the indicator for this.
    CacheInfo->Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();

    // If *nothing* works, mark the pointer as unknown.
    //
    // If this is the magic first block, return this as a clobber of the whole
    // incoming value.  Since we can't phi translate to one of the predecessors,
    // we have to bail out.
    if (SkipFirstBlock)
      return true;

    for (NonLocalDepInfo::reverse_iterator I = Cache->rbegin(); ; ++I) {
      assert(I != Cache->rend() && "Didn't find current block??");
      if (I->getBB() != BB)
        continue;

      assert((I->getResult().isNonLocal() || !DT->isReachableFromEntry(BB)) &&
             "Should only be here with transparent block");
      I->setResult(MemDepResult::getUnknown());
      Result.push_back(NonLocalDepResult(I->getBB(), I->getResult(),
                                         Pointer.getAddr()));
      break;
    }
  }

  // Okay, we're done now.  If we added new values to the cache, re-sort it.
  SortNonLocalDepInfoCache(*Cache, NumSortedEntries);
  DEBUG(AssertSorted(*Cache));
  return false;
}

/// RemoveCachedNonLocalPointerDependencies - If P exists in
/// CachedNonLocalPointerInfo, remove it.
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::
RemoveCachedNonLocalPointerDependencies(ValueIsLoadPair P) {
  CachedNonLocalPointerInfo::iterator It =
    NonLocalPointerDeps.find(P);
  if (It == NonLocalPointerDeps.end()) return;

  // Remove all of the entries in the BB->val map.  This involves removing
  // instructions from the reverse map.
  NonLocalDepInfo &PInfo = It->second.NonLocalDeps;

  for (unsigned i = 0, e = PInfo.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    Instruction *Target = PInfo[i].getResult().getInst();
    if (!Target) continue;  // Ignore non-local dep results.
    assert(Target->getParent() == PInfo[i].getBB());

    // Eliminating the dirty entry from 'Cache', so update the reverse info.
    RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps, Target, P);
  }

  // Remove P from NonLocalPointerDeps (which deletes NonLocalDepInfo).
  NonLocalPointerDeps.erase(It);
}


/// invalidateCachedPointerInfo - This method is used to invalidate cached
/// information about the specified pointer, because it may be too
/// conservative in memdep.  This is an optional call that can be used when
/// the client detects an equivalence between the pointer and some other
/// value and replaces the other value with ptr. This can make Ptr available
/// in more places that cached info does not necessarily keep.
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::invalidateCachedPointerInfo(Value *Ptr) {
  // If Ptr isn't really a pointer, just ignore it.
  if (!Ptr->getType()->isPointerTy()) return;
  // Flush store info for the pointer.
  RemoveCachedNonLocalPointerDependencies(ValueIsLoadPair(Ptr, false));
  // Flush load info for the pointer.
  RemoveCachedNonLocalPointerDependencies(ValueIsLoadPair(Ptr, true));
}

/// invalidateCachedPredecessors - Clear the PredIteratorCache info.
/// This needs to be done when the CFG changes, e.g., due to splitting
/// critical edges.
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::invalidateCachedPredecessors() {
  PredCache.clear();
}

/// removeInstruction - Remove an instruction from the dependence analysis,
/// updating the dependence of instructions that previously depended on it.
/// This method attempts to keep the cache coherent using the reverse map.
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::removeInstruction(Instruction *RemInst) {
  // Walk through the Non-local dependencies, removing this one as the value
  // for any cached queries.
  NonLocalDepMapType::iterator NLDI = NonLocalDeps.find(RemInst);
  if (NLDI != NonLocalDeps.end()) {
    NonLocalDepInfo &BlockMap = NLDI->second.first;
    for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator DI = BlockMap.begin(), DE = BlockMap.end();
         DI != DE; ++DI)
      if (Instruction *Inst = DI->getResult().getInst())
        RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseNonLocalDeps, Inst, RemInst);
    NonLocalDeps.erase(NLDI);
  }

  // If we have a cached local dependence query for this instruction, remove it.
  //
  LocalDepMapType::iterator LocalDepEntry = LocalDeps.find(RemInst);
  if (LocalDepEntry != LocalDeps.end()) {
    // Remove us from DepInst's reverse set now that the local dep info is gone.
    if (Instruction *Inst = LocalDepEntry->second.getInst())
      RemoveFromReverseMap(ReverseLocalDeps, Inst, RemInst);

    // Remove this local dependency info.
    LocalDeps.erase(LocalDepEntry);
  }

  // If we have any cached pointer dependencies on this instruction, remove
  // them.  If the instruction has non-pointer type, then it can't be a pointer
  // base.

  // Remove it from both the load info and the store info.  The instruction
  // can't be in either of these maps if it is non-pointer.
  if (RemInst->getType()->isPointerTy()) {
    RemoveCachedNonLocalPointerDependencies(ValueIsLoadPair(RemInst, false));
    RemoveCachedNonLocalPointerDependencies(ValueIsLoadPair(RemInst, true));
  }

  // Loop over all of the things that depend on the instruction we're removing.
  //
  SmallVector<std::pair<Instruction*, Instruction*>, 8> ReverseDepsToAdd;

  // If we find RemInst as a clobber or Def in any of the maps for other values,
  // we need to replace its entry with a dirty version of the instruction after
  // it.  If RemInst is a terminator, we use a null dirty value.
  //
  // Using a dirty version of the instruction after RemInst saves having to scan
  // the entire block to get to this point.
  MemDepResult NewDirtyVal;
  if (!RemInst->isTerminator())
    NewDirtyVal = MemDepResult::getDirty(&*++RemInst->getIterator());

  ReverseDepMapType::iterator ReverseDepIt = ReverseLocalDeps.find(RemInst);
  if (ReverseDepIt != ReverseLocalDeps.end()) {
    // RemInst can't be the terminator if it has local stuff depending on it.
    assert(!ReverseDepIt->second.empty() && !isa<TerminatorInst>(RemInst) &&
           "Nothing can locally depend on a terminator");

    for (Instruction *InstDependingOnRemInst : ReverseDepIt->second) {
      assert(InstDependingOnRemInst != RemInst &&
             "Already removed our local dep info");

      LocalDeps[InstDependingOnRemInst] = NewDirtyVal;

      // Make sure to remember that new things depend on NewDepInst.
      assert(NewDirtyVal.getInst() && "There is no way something else can have "
             "a local dep on this if it is a terminator!");
      ReverseDepsToAdd.push_back(std::make_pair(NewDirtyVal.getInst(),
                                                InstDependingOnRemInst));
    }

    ReverseLocalDeps.erase(ReverseDepIt);

    // Add new reverse deps after scanning the set, to avoid invalidating the
    // 'ReverseDeps' reference.
    while (!ReverseDepsToAdd.empty()) {
      ReverseLocalDeps[ReverseDepsToAdd.back().first]
        .insert(ReverseDepsToAdd.back().second);
      ReverseDepsToAdd.pop_back();
    }
  }

  ReverseDepIt = ReverseNonLocalDeps.find(RemInst);
  if (ReverseDepIt != ReverseNonLocalDeps.end()) {
    for (Instruction *I : ReverseDepIt->second) {
      assert(I != RemInst && "Already removed NonLocalDep info for RemInst");

      PerInstNLInfo &INLD = NonLocalDeps[I];
      // The information is now dirty!
      INLD.second = true;

      for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator DI = INLD.first.begin(),
           DE = INLD.first.end(); DI != DE; ++DI) {
        if (DI->getResult().getInst() != RemInst) continue;

        // Convert to a dirty entry for the subsequent instruction.
        DI->setResult(NewDirtyVal);

        if (Instruction *NextI = NewDirtyVal.getInst())
          ReverseDepsToAdd.push_back(std::make_pair(NextI, I));
      }
    }

    ReverseNonLocalDeps.erase(ReverseDepIt);

    // Add new reverse deps after scanning the set, to avoid invalidating 'Set'
    while (!ReverseDepsToAdd.empty()) {
      ReverseNonLocalDeps[ReverseDepsToAdd.back().first]
        .insert(ReverseDepsToAdd.back().second);
      ReverseDepsToAdd.pop_back();
    }
  }

  // If the instruction is in ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps then it appears as a
  // value in the NonLocalPointerDeps info.
  ReverseNonLocalPtrDepTy::iterator ReversePtrDepIt =
    ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps.find(RemInst);
  if (ReversePtrDepIt != ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps.end()) {
    SmallVector<std::pair<Instruction*, ValueIsLoadPair>,8> ReversePtrDepsToAdd;

    for (ValueIsLoadPair P : ReversePtrDepIt->second) {
      assert(P.getPointer() != RemInst &&
             "Already removed NonLocalPointerDeps info for RemInst");

      NonLocalDepInfo &NLPDI = NonLocalPointerDeps[P].NonLocalDeps;

      // The cache is not valid for any specific block anymore.
      NonLocalPointerDeps[P].Pair = BBSkipFirstBlockPair();

      // Update any entries for RemInst to use the instruction after it.
      for (NonLocalDepInfo::iterator DI = NLPDI.begin(), DE = NLPDI.end();
           DI != DE; ++DI) {
        if (DI->getResult().getInst() != RemInst) continue;

        // Convert to a dirty entry for the subsequent instruction.
        DI->setResult(NewDirtyVal);

        if (Instruction *NewDirtyInst = NewDirtyVal.getInst())
          ReversePtrDepsToAdd.push_back(std::make_pair(NewDirtyInst, P));
      }

      // Re-sort the NonLocalDepInfo.  Changing the dirty entry to its
      // subsequent value may invalidate the sortedness.
      std::sort(NLPDI.begin(), NLPDI.end());
    }

    ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps.erase(ReversePtrDepIt);

    while (!ReversePtrDepsToAdd.empty()) {
      ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps[ReversePtrDepsToAdd.back().first]
        .insert(ReversePtrDepsToAdd.back().second);
      ReversePtrDepsToAdd.pop_back();
    }
  }


  assert(!NonLocalDeps.count(RemInst) && "RemInst got reinserted?");
  DEBUG(verifyRemoved(RemInst));
}
/// verifyRemoved - Verify that the specified instruction does not occur
/// in our internal data structures. This function verifies by asserting in
/// debug builds.
void MemoryDependenceAnalysis::verifyRemoved(Instruction *D) const {
#ifndef NDEBUG
  for (LocalDepMapType::const_iterator I = LocalDeps.begin(),
       E = LocalDeps.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    assert(I->first != D && "Inst occurs in data structures");
    assert(I->second.getInst() != D &&
           "Inst occurs in data structures");
  }

  for (CachedNonLocalPointerInfo::const_iterator I =NonLocalPointerDeps.begin(),
       E = NonLocalPointerDeps.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    assert(I->first.getPointer() != D && "Inst occurs in NLPD map key");
    const NonLocalDepInfo &Val = I->second.NonLocalDeps;
    for (NonLocalDepInfo::const_iterator II = Val.begin(), E = Val.end();
         II != E; ++II)
      assert(II->getResult().getInst() != D && "Inst occurs as NLPD value");
  }

  for (NonLocalDepMapType::const_iterator I = NonLocalDeps.begin(),
       E = NonLocalDeps.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    assert(I->first != D && "Inst occurs in data structures");
    const PerInstNLInfo &INLD = I->second;
    for (NonLocalDepInfo::const_iterator II = INLD.first.begin(),
         EE = INLD.first.end(); II  != EE; ++II)
      assert(II->getResult().getInst() != D && "Inst occurs in data structures");
  }

  for (ReverseDepMapType::const_iterator I = ReverseLocalDeps.begin(),
       E = ReverseLocalDeps.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    assert(I->first != D && "Inst occurs in data structures");
    for (Instruction *Inst : I->second)
      assert(Inst != D && "Inst occurs in data structures");
  }

  for (ReverseDepMapType::const_iterator I = ReverseNonLocalDeps.begin(),
       E = ReverseNonLocalDeps.end();
       I != E; ++I) {
    assert(I->first != D && "Inst occurs in data structures");
    for (Instruction *Inst : I->second)
      assert(Inst != D && "Inst occurs in data structures");
  }

  for (ReverseNonLocalPtrDepTy::const_iterator
       I = ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps.begin(),
       E = ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    assert(I->first != D && "Inst occurs in rev NLPD map");

    for (ValueIsLoadPair P : I->second)
      assert(P != ValueIsLoadPair(D, false) &&
             P != ValueIsLoadPair(D, true) &&
             "Inst occurs in ReverseNonLocalPtrDeps map");
  }
#endif
}