lld/lib/Core/Resolver.cpp

//===- Core/Resolver.cpp - Resolves Atom References -----------------------===//
//
//                             The LLVM Linker
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "lld/Core/Atom.h"
#include "lld/Core/ArchiveLibraryFile.h"
#include "lld/Core/File.h"
#include "lld/Core/Instrumentation.h"
#include "lld/Core/LLVM.h"
#include "lld/Core/LinkingContext.h"
#include "lld/Core/Resolver.h"
#include "lld/Core/SharedLibraryFile.h"
#include "lld/Core/SymbolTable.h"
#include "lld/Core/UndefinedAtom.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/iterator_range.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Format.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

namespace lld {

bool Resolver::handleFile(File &file) {
  bool undefAdded = false;
  for (const DefinedAtom *atom : file.defined())
    doDefinedAtom(*atom);
  for (const UndefinedAtom *atom : file.undefined()) {
    if (doUndefinedAtom(*atom)) {
      undefAdded = true;
      maybePreloadArchiveMember(atom->name());
    }
  }
  for (const SharedLibraryAtom *atom : file.sharedLibrary())
    doSharedLibraryAtom(*atom);
  for (const AbsoluteAtom *atom : file.absolute())
    doAbsoluteAtom(*atom);
  return undefAdded;
}

void Resolver::forEachUndefines(File &file, bool searchForOverrides,
                                UndefCallback callback) {
  size_t i = _undefineIndex[&file];
  do {
    for (; i < _undefines.size(); ++i) {
      StringRef undefName = _undefines[i];
      if (undefName.empty())
        continue;
      if (_symbolTable.isDefined(undefName)) {
        // The symbol was resolved by some other file. Cache the result.
        _undefines[i] = "";
        continue;
      }
      callback(undefName, false);
    }
    if (!searchForOverrides)
      continue;
    for (StringRef tentDefName : _symbolTable.tentativeDefinitions()) {
      // Load for previous tentative may also have loaded
      // something that overrode this tentative, so always check.
      const Atom *curAtom = _symbolTable.findByName(tentDefName);
      assert(curAtom != nullptr);
      if (const DefinedAtom *curDefAtom = dyn_cast<DefinedAtom>(curAtom))
        if (curDefAtom->merge() == DefinedAtom::mergeAsTentative)
          callback(tentDefName, true);
    }
  } while (i < _undefines.size());
  _undefineIndex[&file] = i;
}

bool Resolver::handleArchiveFile(File &file) {
  ArchiveLibraryFile *archiveFile = cast<ArchiveLibraryFile>(&file);
  bool searchForOverrides =
      _ctx.searchArchivesToOverrideTentativeDefinitions();
  bool undefAdded = false;
  forEachUndefines(file, searchForOverrides,
                   [&](StringRef undefName, bool dataSymbolOnly) {
    if (File *member = archiveFile->find(undefName, dataSymbolOnly)) {
      member->setOrdinal(_ctx.getNextOrdinalAndIncrement());
      member->beforeLink();
      updatePreloadArchiveMap();
      undefAdded = handleFile(*member) || undefAdded;
    }
  });
  return undefAdded;
}

void Resolver::handleSharedLibrary(File &file) {
  // Add all the atoms from the shared library
  SharedLibraryFile *sharedLibrary = cast<SharedLibraryFile>(&file);
  handleFile(*sharedLibrary);
  bool searchForOverrides =
      _ctx.searchSharedLibrariesToOverrideTentativeDefinitions();
  forEachUndefines(file, searchForOverrides,
                   [&](StringRef undefName, bool dataSymbolOnly) {
    if (const SharedLibraryAtom *atom =
            sharedLibrary->exports(undefName, dataSymbolOnly))
      doSharedLibraryAtom(*atom);
  });
}

bool Resolver::doUndefinedAtom(const UndefinedAtom &atom) {
  DEBUG_WITH_TYPE("resolver", llvm::dbgs()
                    << "       UndefinedAtom: "
                    << llvm::format("0x%09lX", &atom)
                    << ", name=" << atom.name() << "\n");

  // add to list of known atoms
  _atoms.push_back(&atom);

  // tell symbol table
  bool newUndefAdded = _symbolTable.add(atom);

  // If the undefined symbol has an alternative name, try to resolve the
  // symbol with the name to give it a second chance. This feature is used
  // for COFF "weak external" symbol.
  if (newUndefAdded || !_symbolTable.isDefined(atom.name())) {
    if (const UndefinedAtom *fallbackAtom = atom.fallback()) {
      _symbolTable.addReplacement(&atom, fallbackAtom);
      return doUndefinedAtom(*fallbackAtom);
    }
  }
  if (newUndefAdded)
    _undefines.push_back(atom.name());
  return newUndefAdded;
}

/// \brief Add the section group and the group-child reference members.
void Resolver::maybeAddSectionGroupOrGnuLinkOnce(const DefinedAtom &atom) {
  // First time adding a group?
  bool isFirstTime = _symbolTable.addGroup(atom);

  if (!isFirstTime) {
    // If duplicate symbols are allowed, select the first group.
    if (_ctx.getAllowDuplicates())
      return;
    auto *prevGroup = dyn_cast<DefinedAtom>(_symbolTable.findGroup(atom.name()));
    assert(prevGroup &&
           "Internal Error: The group atom could only be a defined atom");
    // The atoms should be of the same content type, reject invalid group
    // resolution behaviors.
    if (atom.contentType() == prevGroup->contentType())
      return;
    llvm::errs() << "SymbolTable: error while merging " << atom.name()
                 << "\n";
    llvm::report_fatal_error("duplicate symbol error");
    return;
  }

  for (const Reference *r : atom) {
    if (r->kindNamespace() == lld::Reference::KindNamespace::all &&
        r->kindValue() == lld::Reference::kindGroupChild) {
      const DefinedAtom *target = dyn_cast<DefinedAtom>(r->target());
      assert(target && "Internal Error: kindGroupChild references need to "
                       "be associated with Defined Atoms only");
      _atoms.push_back(target);
      _symbolTable.add(*target);
    }
  }
}

// Called on each atom when a file is added. Returns true if a given
// atom is added to the symbol table.
void Resolver::doDefinedAtom(const DefinedAtom &atom) {
  DEBUG_WITH_TYPE("resolver", llvm::dbgs()
                    << "         DefinedAtom: "
                    << llvm::format("0x%09lX", &atom)
                    << ", file=#"
                    << atom.file().ordinal()
                    << ", atom=#"
                    << atom.ordinal()
                    << ", name="
                    << atom.name()
                    << "\n");

  // Verify on zero-size atoms are pinned to start or end of section.
  assert((atom.sectionPosition() != DefinedAtom::sectionPositionStart &&
          atom.sectionPosition() != DefinedAtom::sectionPositionEnd) ||
         atom.size() == 0);

  // add to list of known atoms
  _atoms.push_back(&atom);

  if (atom.isGroupParent()) {
    maybeAddSectionGroupOrGnuLinkOnce(atom);
  } else {
    _symbolTable.add(atom);
  }

  // An atom that should never be dead-stripped is a dead-strip root.
  if (_ctx.deadStrip() && atom.deadStrip() == DefinedAtom::deadStripNever) {
    _deadStripRoots.insert(&atom);
  }
}

void Resolver::doSharedLibraryAtom(const SharedLibraryAtom &atom) {
  DEBUG_WITH_TYPE("resolver", llvm::dbgs()
                    << "   SharedLibraryAtom: "
                    << llvm::format("0x%09lX", &atom)
                    << ", name="
                    << atom.name()
                    << "\n");

  // add to list of known atoms
  _atoms.push_back(&atom);

  // tell symbol table
  _symbolTable.add(atom);
}

void Resolver::doAbsoluteAtom(const AbsoluteAtom &atom) {
  DEBUG_WITH_TYPE("resolver", llvm::dbgs()
                    << "       AbsoluteAtom: "
                    << llvm::format("0x%09lX", &atom)
                    << ", name="
                    << atom.name()
                    << "\n");

  // add to list of known atoms
  _atoms.push_back(&atom);

  // tell symbol table
  if (atom.scope() != Atom::scopeTranslationUnit)
    _symbolTable.add(atom);
}

// utility to add a vector of atoms
void Resolver::addAtoms(const std::vector<const DefinedAtom *> &newAtoms) {
  for (const DefinedAtom *newAtom : newAtoms)
    doDefinedAtom(*newAtom);
}

// Instantiate an archive file member if there's a file containing a
// defined symbol for a given symbol name. Instantiation is done in a
// different worker thread and has no visible side effect.
void Resolver::maybePreloadArchiveMember(StringRef sym) {
  auto it = _archiveMap.find(sym);
  if (it == _archiveMap.end())
    return;
  ArchiveLibraryFile *archive = it->second;
  archive->preload(_ctx.getTaskGroup(), sym);
}

// Returns true if at least one of N previous files has created an
// undefined symbol.
bool Resolver::undefinesAdded(int begin, int end) {
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Node>> &inputs = _ctx.getNodes();
  for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i)
    if (FileNode *node = dyn_cast<FileNode>(inputs[i].get()))
      if (_newUndefinesAdded[node->getFile()])
        return true;
  return false;
}

File *Resolver::getFile(int &index) {
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Node>> &inputs = _ctx.getNodes();
  if ((size_t)index >= inputs.size())
    return nullptr;
  if (GroupEnd *group = dyn_cast<GroupEnd>(inputs[index].get())) {
    // We are at the end of the current group. If one or more new
    // undefined atom has been added in the last groupSize files, we
    // reiterate over the files.
    int size = group->getSize();
    if (undefinesAdded(index - size, index)) {
      index -= size;
      return getFile(index);
    }
    ++index;
    return getFile(index);
  }
  return cast<FileNode>(inputs[index++].get())->getFile();
}

// Update a map of Symbol -> ArchiveFile. The map is used for speculative
// file loading.
void Resolver::updatePreloadArchiveMap() {
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Node>> &nodes = _ctx.getNodes();
  for (int i = nodes.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
    auto *fnode = dyn_cast<FileNode>(nodes[i].get());
    if (!fnode)
      continue;
    auto *archive = dyn_cast<ArchiveLibraryFile>(fnode->getFile());
    if (!archive || _archiveSeen.count(archive))
      continue;
    _archiveSeen.insert(archive);
    for (StringRef sym : archive->getDefinedSymbols())
      _archiveMap[sym] = archive;
  }
}

// Keep adding atoms until _ctx.getNextFile() returns an error. This
// function is where undefined atoms are resolved.
bool Resolver::resolveUndefines() {
  ScopedTask task(getDefaultDomain(), "resolveUndefines");
  int index = 0;
  std::set<File *> seen;
  for (;;) {
    bool undefAdded = false;
    File *file = getFile(index);
    if (!file)
      return true;
    if (std::error_code ec = file->parse()) {
      llvm::errs() << "Cannot open " + file->path()
                   << ": " << ec.message() << "\n";
      return false;
    }
    file->beforeLink();
    updatePreloadArchiveMap();
    switch (file->kind()) {
    case File::kindObject:
      // The same file may be visited more than once if the file is
      // in --start-group and --end-group. Only library files should
      // be processed more than once.
      if (seen.count(file))
        break;
      seen.insert(file);
      assert(!file->hasOrdinal());
      file->setOrdinal(_ctx.getNextOrdinalAndIncrement());
      undefAdded = handleFile(*file);
      break;
    case File::kindArchiveLibrary:
      if (!file->hasOrdinal())
        file->setOrdinal(_ctx.getNextOrdinalAndIncrement());
      undefAdded = handleArchiveFile(*file);
      break;
    case File::kindSharedLibrary:
      if (!file->hasOrdinal())
        file->setOrdinal(_ctx.getNextOrdinalAndIncrement());
      handleSharedLibrary(*file);
      break;
    }
    _newUndefinesAdded[file] = undefAdded;
  }
}

// switch all references to undefined or coalesced away atoms
// to the new defined atom
void Resolver::updateReferences() {
  ScopedTask task(getDefaultDomain(), "updateReferences");
  for (const Atom *atom : _atoms) {
    if (const DefinedAtom *defAtom = dyn_cast<DefinedAtom>(atom)) {
      for (const Reference *ref : *defAtom) {
        // A reference of type kindAssociate should't be updated.
        // Instead, an atom having such reference will be removed
        // if the target atom is coalesced away, so that they will
        // go away as a group.
        if (ref->kindNamespace() == lld::Reference::KindNamespace::all &&
            ref->kindValue() == lld::Reference::kindAssociate) {
          if (_symbolTable.isCoalescedAway(atom))
            _deadAtoms.insert(ref->target());
          continue;
        }
        const Atom *newTarget = _symbolTable.replacement(ref->target());
        const_cast<Reference *>(ref)->setTarget(newTarget);
      }
    }
  }
}

// For dead code stripping, recursively mark atoms "live"
void Resolver::markLive(const Atom *atom) {
  // Mark the atom is live. If it's already marked live, then stop recursion.
  auto exists = _liveAtoms.insert(atom);
  if (!exists.second)
    return;

  // Mark all atoms it references as live
  if (const DefinedAtom *defAtom = dyn_cast<DefinedAtom>(atom)) {
    for (const Reference *ref : *defAtom)
      markLive(ref->target());
    for (auto &p : llvm::make_range(_reverseRef.equal_range(defAtom))) {
      const Atom *target = p.second;
      markLive(target);
    }
  }
}

static bool isBackref(const Reference *ref) {
  if (ref->kindNamespace() != lld::Reference::KindNamespace::all)
    return false;
  return (ref->kindValue() == lld::Reference::kindLayoutBefore ||
          ref->kindValue() == lld::Reference::kindGroupChild);
}

// remove all atoms not actually used
void Resolver::deadStripOptimize() {
  ScopedTask task(getDefaultDomain(), "deadStripOptimize");
  // only do this optimization with -dead_strip
  if (!_ctx.deadStrip())
    return;

  // Some type of references prevent referring atoms to be dead-striped.
  // Make a reverse map of such references before traversing the graph.
  // While traversing the list of atoms, mark AbsoluteAtoms as live
  // in order to avoid reclaim.
  for (const Atom *atom : _atoms) {
    if (const DefinedAtom *defAtom = dyn_cast<DefinedAtom>(atom))
      for (const Reference *ref : *defAtom)
        if (isBackref(ref))
          _reverseRef.insert(std::make_pair(ref->target(), atom));
    if (const AbsoluteAtom *absAtom = dyn_cast<AbsoluteAtom>(atom))
      markLive(absAtom);
  }

  // By default, shared libraries are built with all globals as dead strip roots
  if (_ctx.globalsAreDeadStripRoots())
    for (const Atom *atom : _atoms)
      if (const DefinedAtom *defAtom = dyn_cast<DefinedAtom>(atom))
        if (defAtom->scope() == DefinedAtom::scopeGlobal)
          _deadStripRoots.insert(defAtom);

  // Or, use list of names that are dead strip roots.
  for (const StringRef &name : _ctx.deadStripRoots()) {
    const Atom *symAtom = _symbolTable.findByName(name);
    assert(symAtom);
    _deadStripRoots.insert(symAtom);
  }

  // mark all roots as live, and recursively all atoms they reference
  for (const Atom *dsrAtom : _deadStripRoots)
    markLive(dsrAtom);

  // now remove all non-live atoms from _atoms
  _atoms.erase(std::remove_if(_atoms.begin(), _atoms.end(), [&](const Atom *a) {
                 return _liveAtoms.count(a) == 0;
               }),
               _atoms.end());
}

// error out if some undefines remain
bool Resolver::checkUndefines() {
  // build vector of remaining undefined symbols
  std::vector<const UndefinedAtom *> undefinedAtoms = _symbolTable.undefines();
  if (_ctx.deadStrip()) {
    // When dead code stripping, we don't care if dead atoms are undefined.
    undefinedAtoms.erase(
        std::remove_if(undefinedAtoms.begin(), undefinedAtoms.end(),
                       [&](const Atom *a) { return _liveAtoms.count(a) == 0; }),
        undefinedAtoms.end());
  }

  if (undefinedAtoms.empty())
    return false;

  // Warn about unresolved symbols.
  bool foundUndefines = false;
  for (const UndefinedAtom *undef : undefinedAtoms) {
    // Skip over a weak symbol.
    if (undef->canBeNull() != UndefinedAtom::canBeNullNever)
      continue;

    // If this is a library and undefined symbols are allowed on the
    // target platform, skip over it.
    if (isa<SharedLibraryFile>(undef->file()) && _ctx.allowShlibUndefines())
      continue;

    // If the undefine is coalesced away, skip over it.
    if (_symbolTable.isCoalescedAway(undef))
      continue;

    // Seems like this symbol is undefined. Warn that.
    foundUndefines = true;
    if (_ctx.printRemainingUndefines()) {
      llvm::errs() << "Undefined symbol: " << undef->file().path()
                   << ": " << _ctx.demangle(undef->name())
                   << "\n";
    }
  }
  if (!foundUndefines)
    return false;
  if (_ctx.printRemainingUndefines())
    llvm::errs() << "symbol(s) not found\n";
  return true;
}

// remove from _atoms all coaleseced away atoms
void Resolver::removeCoalescedAwayAtoms() {
  ScopedTask task(getDefaultDomain(), "removeCoalescedAwayAtoms");
  _atoms.erase(std::remove_if(_atoms.begin(), _atoms.end(), [&](const Atom *a) {
                 return _symbolTable.isCoalescedAway(a) || _deadAtoms.count(a);
               }),
               _atoms.end());
}

bool Resolver::resolve() {
  updatePreloadArchiveMap();
  if (!resolveUndefines())
    return false;
  updateReferences();
  deadStripOptimize();
  if (checkUndefines())
    if (!_ctx.allowRemainingUndefines())
      return false;
  removeCoalescedAwayAtoms();
  _result->addAtoms(_atoms);
  return true;
}

void Resolver::MergedFile::addAtoms(std::vector<const Atom *> &all) {
  ScopedTask task(getDefaultDomain(), "addAtoms");
  DEBUG_WITH_TYPE("resolver", llvm::dbgs() << "Resolver final atom list:\n");
  for (const Atom *atom : all) {
    DEBUG_WITH_TYPE("resolver", llvm::dbgs()
                    << llvm::format("    0x%09lX", atom)
                    << ", name="
                    << atom->name()
                    << "\n");
    addAtom(*atom);
  }
}

} // namespace lld