llvm/lib/Bitcode/Writer/BitcodeWriter.cpp

//===--- Bitcode/Writer/BitcodeWriter.cpp - Bitcode Writer ----------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Bitcode writer implementation.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/Bitcode/ReaderWriter.h"
#include "ValueEnumerator.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Triple.h"
#include "llvm/Bitcode/BitstreamWriter.h"
#include "llvm/Bitcode/LLVMBitCodes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DebugInfoMetadata.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InlineAsm.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
#include "llvm/IR/UseListOrder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/ValueSymbolTable.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Program.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <cctype>
#include <map>
using namespace llvm;

/// These are manifest constants used by the bitcode writer. They do not need to
/// be kept in sync with the reader, but need to be consistent within this file.
enum {
  // VALUE_SYMTAB_BLOCK abbrev id's.
  VST_ENTRY_8_ABBREV = bitc::FIRST_APPLICATION_ABBREV,
  VST_ENTRY_7_ABBREV,
  VST_ENTRY_6_ABBREV,
  VST_BBENTRY_6_ABBREV,

  // CONSTANTS_BLOCK abbrev id's.
  CONSTANTS_SETTYPE_ABBREV = bitc::FIRST_APPLICATION_ABBREV,
  CONSTANTS_INTEGER_ABBREV,
  CONSTANTS_CE_CAST_Abbrev,
  CONSTANTS_NULL_Abbrev,

  // FUNCTION_BLOCK abbrev id's.
  FUNCTION_INST_LOAD_ABBREV = bitc::FIRST_APPLICATION_ABBREV,
  FUNCTION_INST_BINOP_ABBREV,
  FUNCTION_INST_BINOP_FLAGS_ABBREV,
  FUNCTION_INST_CAST_ABBREV,
  FUNCTION_INST_RET_VOID_ABBREV,
  FUNCTION_INST_RET_VAL_ABBREV,
  FUNCTION_INST_UNREACHABLE_ABBREV
};

static unsigned GetEncodedCastOpcode(unsigned Opcode) {
  switch (Opcode) {
  default: llvm_unreachable("Unknown cast instruction!");
  case Instruction::Trunc   : return bitc::CAST_TRUNC;
  case Instruction::ZExt    : return bitc::CAST_ZEXT;
  case Instruction::SExt    : return bitc::CAST_SEXT;
  case Instruction::FPToUI  : return bitc::CAST_FPTOUI;
  case Instruction::FPToSI  : return bitc::CAST_FPTOSI;
  case Instruction::UIToFP  : return bitc::CAST_UITOFP;
  case Instruction::SIToFP  : return bitc::CAST_SITOFP;
  case Instruction::FPTrunc : return bitc::CAST_FPTRUNC;
  case Instruction::FPExt   : return bitc::CAST_FPEXT;
  case Instruction::PtrToInt: return bitc::CAST_PTRTOINT;
  case Instruction::IntToPtr: return bitc::CAST_INTTOPTR;
  case Instruction::BitCast : return bitc::CAST_BITCAST;
  case Instruction::AddrSpaceCast: return bitc::CAST_ADDRSPACECAST;
  }
}

static unsigned GetEncodedBinaryOpcode(unsigned Opcode) {
  switch (Opcode) {
  default: llvm_unreachable("Unknown binary instruction!");
  case Instruction::Add:
  case Instruction::FAdd: return bitc::BINOP_ADD;
  case Instruction::Sub:
  case Instruction::FSub: return bitc::BINOP_SUB;
  case Instruction::Mul:
  case Instruction::FMul: return bitc::BINOP_MUL;
  case Instruction::UDiv: return bitc::BINOP_UDIV;
  case Instruction::FDiv:
  case Instruction::SDiv: return bitc::BINOP_SDIV;
  case Instruction::URem: return bitc::BINOP_UREM;
  case Instruction::FRem:
  case Instruction::SRem: return bitc::BINOP_SREM;
  case Instruction::Shl:  return bitc::BINOP_SHL;
  case Instruction::LShr: return bitc::BINOP_LSHR;
  case Instruction::AShr: return bitc::BINOP_ASHR;
  case Instruction::And:  return bitc::BINOP_AND;
  case Instruction::Or:   return bitc::BINOP_OR;
  case Instruction::Xor:  return bitc::BINOP_XOR;
  }
}

static unsigned GetEncodedRMWOperation(AtomicRMWInst::BinOp Op) {
  switch (Op) {
  default: llvm_unreachable("Unknown RMW operation!");
  case AtomicRMWInst::Xchg: return bitc::RMW_XCHG;
  case AtomicRMWInst::Add: return bitc::RMW_ADD;
  case AtomicRMWInst::Sub: return bitc::RMW_SUB;
  case AtomicRMWInst::And: return bitc::RMW_AND;
  case AtomicRMWInst::Nand: return bitc::RMW_NAND;
  case AtomicRMWInst::Or: return bitc::RMW_OR;
  case AtomicRMWInst::Xor: return bitc::RMW_XOR;
  case AtomicRMWInst::Max: return bitc::RMW_MAX;
  case AtomicRMWInst::Min: return bitc::RMW_MIN;
  case AtomicRMWInst::UMax: return bitc::RMW_UMAX;
  case AtomicRMWInst::UMin: return bitc::RMW_UMIN;
  }
}

static unsigned GetEncodedOrdering(AtomicOrdering Ordering) {
  switch (Ordering) {
  case NotAtomic: return bitc::ORDERING_NOTATOMIC;
  case Unordered: return bitc::ORDERING_UNORDERED;
  case Monotonic: return bitc::ORDERING_MONOTONIC;
  case Acquire: return bitc::ORDERING_ACQUIRE;
  case Release: return bitc::ORDERING_RELEASE;
  case AcquireRelease: return bitc::ORDERING_ACQREL;
  case SequentiallyConsistent: return bitc::ORDERING_SEQCST;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid ordering");
}

static unsigned GetEncodedSynchScope(SynchronizationScope SynchScope) {
  switch (SynchScope) {
  case SingleThread: return bitc::SYNCHSCOPE_SINGLETHREAD;
  case CrossThread: return bitc::SYNCHSCOPE_CROSSTHREAD;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid synch scope");
}

static void WriteStringRecord(unsigned Code, StringRef Str,
                              unsigned AbbrevToUse, BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  SmallVector<unsigned, 64> Vals;

  // Code: [strchar x N]
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Str.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    if (AbbrevToUse && !BitCodeAbbrevOp::isChar6(Str[i]))
      AbbrevToUse = 0;
    Vals.push_back(Str[i]);
  }

  // Emit the finished record.
  Stream.EmitRecord(Code, Vals, AbbrevToUse);
}

static uint64_t getAttrKindEncoding(Attribute::AttrKind Kind) {
  switch (Kind) {
  case Attribute::Alignment:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_ALIGNMENT;
  case Attribute::AlwaysInline:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_ALWAYS_INLINE;
  case Attribute::Builtin:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_BUILTIN;
  case Attribute::ByVal:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_BY_VAL;
  case Attribute::InAlloca:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_IN_ALLOCA;
  case Attribute::Cold:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_COLD;
  case Attribute::InlineHint:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_INLINE_HINT;
  case Attribute::InReg:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_IN_REG;
  case Attribute::JumpTable:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_JUMP_TABLE;
  case Attribute::MinSize:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_MIN_SIZE;
  case Attribute::Naked:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NAKED;
  case Attribute::Nest:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NEST;
  case Attribute::NoAlias:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_ALIAS;
  case Attribute::NoBuiltin:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_BUILTIN;
  case Attribute::NoCapture:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_CAPTURE;
  case Attribute::NoDuplicate:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_DUPLICATE;
  case Attribute::NoImplicitFloat:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_IMPLICIT_FLOAT;
  case Attribute::NoInline:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_INLINE;
  case Attribute::NonLazyBind:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NON_LAZY_BIND;
  case Attribute::NonNull:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NON_NULL;
  case Attribute::Dereferenceable:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_DEREFERENCEABLE;
  case Attribute::NoRedZone:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_RED_ZONE;
  case Attribute::NoReturn:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_RETURN;
  case Attribute::NoUnwind:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_NO_UNWIND;
  case Attribute::OptimizeForSize:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE;
  case Attribute::OptimizeNone:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_OPTIMIZE_NONE;
  case Attribute::ReadNone:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_READ_NONE;
  case Attribute::ReadOnly:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_READ_ONLY;
  case Attribute::Returned:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_RETURNED;
  case Attribute::ReturnsTwice:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_RETURNS_TWICE;
  case Attribute::SExt:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_S_EXT;
  case Attribute::StackAlignment:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_STACK_ALIGNMENT;
  case Attribute::StackProtect:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_STACK_PROTECT;
  case Attribute::StackProtectReq:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_STACK_PROTECT_REQ;
  case Attribute::StackProtectStrong:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_STACK_PROTECT_STRONG;
  case Attribute::StructRet:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_STRUCT_RET;
  case Attribute::SanitizeAddress:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_SANITIZE_ADDRESS;
  case Attribute::SanitizeThread:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_SANITIZE_THREAD;
  case Attribute::SanitizeMemory:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_SANITIZE_MEMORY;
  case Attribute::UWTable:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_UW_TABLE;
  case Attribute::ZExt:
    return bitc::ATTR_KIND_Z_EXT;
  case Attribute::EndAttrKinds:
    llvm_unreachable("Can not encode end-attribute kinds marker.");
  case Attribute::None:
    llvm_unreachable("Can not encode none-attribute.");
  }

  llvm_unreachable("Trying to encode unknown attribute");
}

static void WriteAttributeGroupTable(const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                     BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  const std::vector<AttributeSet> &AttrGrps = VE.getAttributeGroups();
  if (AttrGrps.empty()) return;

  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::PARAMATTR_GROUP_BLOCK_ID, 3);

  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = AttrGrps.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    AttributeSet AS = AttrGrps[i];
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = AS.getNumSlots(); i != e; ++i) {
      AttributeSet A = AS.getSlotAttributes(i);

      Record.push_back(VE.getAttributeGroupID(A));
      Record.push_back(AS.getSlotIndex(i));

      for (AttributeSet::iterator I = AS.begin(0), E = AS.end(0);
           I != E; ++I) {
        Attribute Attr = *I;
        if (Attr.isEnumAttribute()) {
          Record.push_back(0);
          Record.push_back(getAttrKindEncoding(Attr.getKindAsEnum()));
        } else if (Attr.isIntAttribute()) {
          Record.push_back(1);
          Record.push_back(getAttrKindEncoding(Attr.getKindAsEnum()));
          Record.push_back(Attr.getValueAsInt());
        } else {
          StringRef Kind = Attr.getKindAsString();
          StringRef Val = Attr.getValueAsString();

          Record.push_back(Val.empty() ? 3 : 4);
          Record.append(Kind.begin(), Kind.end());
          Record.push_back(0);
          if (!Val.empty()) {
            Record.append(Val.begin(), Val.end());
            Record.push_back(0);
          }
        }
      }

      Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::PARAMATTR_GRP_CODE_ENTRY, Record);
      Record.clear();
    }
  }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static void WriteAttributeTable(const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  const std::vector<AttributeSet> &Attrs = VE.getAttributes();
  if (Attrs.empty()) return;

  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::PARAMATTR_BLOCK_ID, 3);

  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Attrs.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    const AttributeSet &A = Attrs[i];
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = A.getNumSlots(); i != e; ++i)
      Record.push_back(VE.getAttributeGroupID(A.getSlotAttributes(i)));

    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::PARAMATTR_CODE_ENTRY, Record);
    Record.clear();
  }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

/// WriteTypeTable - Write out the type table for a module.
static void WriteTypeTable(const ValueEnumerator &VE, BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  const ValueEnumerator::TypeList &TypeList = VE.getTypes();

  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::TYPE_BLOCK_ID_NEW, 4 /*count from # abbrevs */);
  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> TypeVals;

  uint64_t NumBits = Log2_32_Ceil(VE.getTypes().size()+1);

  // Abbrev for TYPE_CODE_POINTER.
  BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::TYPE_CODE_POINTER));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, NumBits));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(0));  // Addrspace = 0
  unsigned PtrAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);

  // Abbrev for TYPE_CODE_FUNCTION.
  Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::TYPE_CODE_FUNCTION));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1));  // isvararg
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, NumBits));

  unsigned FunctionAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);

  // Abbrev for TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_ANON.
  Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_ANON));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1));  // ispacked
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, NumBits));

  unsigned StructAnonAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);

  // Abbrev for TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_NAME.
  Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_NAME));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Char6));
  unsigned StructNameAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);

  // Abbrev for TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_NAMED.
  Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_NAMED));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1));  // ispacked
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, NumBits));

  unsigned StructNamedAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);

  // Abbrev for TYPE_CODE_ARRAY.
  Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::TYPE_CODE_ARRAY));
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));   // size
  Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, NumBits));

  unsigned ArrayAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);

  // Emit an entry count so the reader can reserve space.
  TypeVals.push_back(TypeList.size());
  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::TYPE_CODE_NUMENTRY, TypeVals);
  TypeVals.clear();

  // Loop over all of the types, emitting each in turn.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = TypeList.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    Type *T = TypeList[i];
    int AbbrevToUse = 0;
    unsigned Code = 0;

    switch (T->getTypeID()) {
    case Type::VoidTyID:      Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_VOID;      break;
    case Type::HalfTyID:      Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_HALF;      break;
    case Type::FloatTyID:     Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_FLOAT;     break;
    case Type::DoubleTyID:    Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_DOUBLE;    break;
    case Type::X86_FP80TyID:  Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_X86_FP80;  break;
    case Type::FP128TyID:     Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_FP128;     break;
    case Type::PPC_FP128TyID: Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_PPC_FP128; break;
    case Type::LabelTyID:     Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_LABEL;     break;
    case Type::MetadataTyID:  Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_METADATA;  break;
    case Type::X86_MMXTyID:   Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_X86_MMX;   break;
    case Type::IntegerTyID:
      // INTEGER: [width]
      Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_INTEGER;
      TypeVals.push_back(cast<IntegerType>(T)->getBitWidth());
      break;
    case Type::PointerTyID: {
      PointerType *PTy = cast<PointerType>(T);
      // POINTER: [pointee type, address space]
      Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_POINTER;
      TypeVals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(PTy->getElementType()));
      unsigned AddressSpace = PTy->getAddressSpace();
      TypeVals.push_back(AddressSpace);
      if (AddressSpace == 0) AbbrevToUse = PtrAbbrev;
      break;
    }
    case Type::FunctionTyID: {
      FunctionType *FT = cast<FunctionType>(T);
      // FUNCTION: [isvararg, retty, paramty x N]
      Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_FUNCTION;
      TypeVals.push_back(FT->isVarArg());
      TypeVals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(FT->getReturnType()));
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = FT->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i)
        TypeVals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(FT->getParamType(i)));
      AbbrevToUse = FunctionAbbrev;
      break;
    }
    case Type::StructTyID: {
      StructType *ST = cast<StructType>(T);
      // STRUCT: [ispacked, eltty x N]
      TypeVals.push_back(ST->isPacked());
      // Output all of the element types.
      for (StructType::element_iterator I = ST->element_begin(),
           E = ST->element_end(); I != E; ++I)
        TypeVals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(*I));

      if (ST->isLiteral()) {
        Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_ANON;
        AbbrevToUse = StructAnonAbbrev;
      } else {
        if (ST->isOpaque()) {
          Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_OPAQUE;
        } else {
          Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_NAMED;
          AbbrevToUse = StructNamedAbbrev;
        }

        // Emit the name if it is present.
        if (!ST->getName().empty())
          WriteStringRecord(bitc::TYPE_CODE_STRUCT_NAME, ST->getName(),
                            StructNameAbbrev, Stream);
      }
      break;
    }
    case Type::ArrayTyID: {
      ArrayType *AT = cast<ArrayType>(T);
      // ARRAY: [numelts, eltty]
      Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_ARRAY;
      TypeVals.push_back(AT->getNumElements());
      TypeVals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(AT->getElementType()));
      AbbrevToUse = ArrayAbbrev;
      break;
    }
    case Type::VectorTyID: {
      VectorType *VT = cast<VectorType>(T);
      // VECTOR [numelts, eltty]
      Code = bitc::TYPE_CODE_VECTOR;
      TypeVals.push_back(VT->getNumElements());
      TypeVals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(VT->getElementType()));
      break;
    }
    }

    // Emit the finished record.
    Stream.EmitRecord(Code, TypeVals, AbbrevToUse);
    TypeVals.clear();
  }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static unsigned getEncodedLinkage(const GlobalValue &GV) {
  switch (GV.getLinkage()) {
  case GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage:
    return 0;
  case GlobalValue::WeakAnyLinkage:
    return 16;
  case GlobalValue::AppendingLinkage:
    return 2;
  case GlobalValue::InternalLinkage:
    return 3;
  case GlobalValue::LinkOnceAnyLinkage:
    return 18;
  case GlobalValue::ExternalWeakLinkage:
    return 7;
  case GlobalValue::CommonLinkage:
    return 8;
  case GlobalValue::PrivateLinkage:
    return 9;
  case GlobalValue::WeakODRLinkage:
    return 17;
  case GlobalValue::LinkOnceODRLinkage:
    return 19;
  case GlobalValue::AvailableExternallyLinkage:
    return 12;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid linkage");
}

static unsigned getEncodedVisibility(const GlobalValue &GV) {
  switch (GV.getVisibility()) {
  case GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility:   return 0;
  case GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility:    return 1;
  case GlobalValue::ProtectedVisibility: return 2;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid visibility");
}

static unsigned getEncodedDLLStorageClass(const GlobalValue &GV) {
  switch (GV.getDLLStorageClass()) {
  case GlobalValue::DefaultStorageClass:   return 0;
  case GlobalValue::DLLImportStorageClass: return 1;
  case GlobalValue::DLLExportStorageClass: return 2;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid DLL storage class");
}

static unsigned getEncodedThreadLocalMode(const GlobalValue &GV) {
  switch (GV.getThreadLocalMode()) {
    case GlobalVariable::NotThreadLocal:         return 0;
    case GlobalVariable::GeneralDynamicTLSModel: return 1;
    case GlobalVariable::LocalDynamicTLSModel:   return 2;
    case GlobalVariable::InitialExecTLSModel:    return 3;
    case GlobalVariable::LocalExecTLSModel:      return 4;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid TLS model");
}

static unsigned getEncodedComdatSelectionKind(const Comdat &C) {
  switch (C.getSelectionKind()) {
  case Comdat::Any:
    return bitc::COMDAT_SELECTION_KIND_ANY;
  case Comdat::ExactMatch:
    return bitc::COMDAT_SELECTION_KIND_EXACT_MATCH;
  case Comdat::Largest:
    return bitc::COMDAT_SELECTION_KIND_LARGEST;
  case Comdat::NoDuplicates:
    return bitc::COMDAT_SELECTION_KIND_NO_DUPLICATES;
  case Comdat::SameSize:
    return bitc::COMDAT_SELECTION_KIND_SAME_SIZE;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid selection kind");
}

static void writeComdats(const ValueEnumerator &VE, BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  SmallVector<uint16_t, 64> Vals;
  for (const Comdat *C : VE.getComdats()) {
    // COMDAT: [selection_kind, name]
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedComdatSelectionKind(*C));
    size_t Size = C->getName().size();
    assert(isUInt<16>(Size));
    Vals.push_back(Size);
    for (char Chr : C->getName())
      Vals.push_back((unsigned char)Chr);
    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_COMDAT, Vals, /*AbbrevToUse=*/0);
    Vals.clear();
  }
}

// Emit top-level description of module, including target triple, inline asm,
// descriptors for global variables, and function prototype info.
static void WriteModuleInfo(const Module *M, const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                            BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  // Emit various pieces of data attached to a module.
  if (!M->getTargetTriple().empty())
    WriteStringRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_TRIPLE, M->getTargetTriple(),
                      0/*TODO*/, Stream);
  const std::string &DL = M->getDataLayoutStr();
  if (!DL.empty())
    WriteStringRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_DATALAYOUT, DL, 0 /*TODO*/, Stream);
  if (!M->getModuleInlineAsm().empty())
    WriteStringRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_ASM, M->getModuleInlineAsm(),
                      0/*TODO*/, Stream);

  // Emit information about sections and GC, computing how many there are. Also
  // compute the maximum alignment value.
  std::map<std::string, unsigned> SectionMap;
  std::map<std::string, unsigned> GCMap;
  unsigned MaxAlignment = 0;
  unsigned MaxGlobalType = 0;
  for (const GlobalValue &GV : M->globals()) {
    MaxAlignment = std::max(MaxAlignment, GV.getAlignment());
    MaxGlobalType = std::max(MaxGlobalType, VE.getTypeID(GV.getType()));
    if (GV.hasSection()) {
      // Give section names unique ID's.
      unsigned &Entry = SectionMap[GV.getSection()];
      if (!Entry) {
        WriteStringRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_SECTIONNAME, GV.getSection(),
                          0/*TODO*/, Stream);
        Entry = SectionMap.size();
      }
    }
  }
  for (const Function &F : *M) {
    MaxAlignment = std::max(MaxAlignment, F.getAlignment());
    if (F.hasSection()) {
      // Give section names unique ID's.
      unsigned &Entry = SectionMap[F.getSection()];
      if (!Entry) {
        WriteStringRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_SECTIONNAME, F.getSection(),
                          0/*TODO*/, Stream);
        Entry = SectionMap.size();
      }
    }
    if (F.hasGC()) {
      // Same for GC names.
      unsigned &Entry = GCMap[F.getGC()];
      if (!Entry) {
        WriteStringRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_GCNAME, F.getGC(),
                          0/*TODO*/, Stream);
        Entry = GCMap.size();
      }
    }
  }

  // Emit abbrev for globals, now that we know # sections and max alignment.
  unsigned SimpleGVarAbbrev = 0;
  if (!M->global_empty()) {
    // Add an abbrev for common globals with no visibility or thread localness.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::MODULE_CODE_GLOBALVAR));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed,
                              Log2_32_Ceil(MaxGlobalType+1)));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1));      // Constant.
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));        // Initializer.
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 5));      // Linkage.
    if (MaxAlignment == 0)                                      // Alignment.
      Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(0));
    else {
      unsigned MaxEncAlignment = Log2_32(MaxAlignment)+1;
      Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed,
                               Log2_32_Ceil(MaxEncAlignment+1)));
    }
    if (SectionMap.empty())                                    // Section.
      Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(0));
    else
      Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed,
                               Log2_32_Ceil(SectionMap.size()+1)));
    // Don't bother emitting vis + thread local.
    SimpleGVarAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
  }

  // Emit the global variable information.
  SmallVector<unsigned, 64> Vals;
  for (const GlobalVariable &GV : M->globals()) {
    unsigned AbbrevToUse = 0;

    // GLOBALVAR: [type, isconst, initid,
    //             linkage, alignment, section, visibility, threadlocal,
    //             unnamed_addr, externally_initialized, dllstorageclass,
    //             comdat]
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(GV.getType()));
    Vals.push_back(GV.isConstant());
    Vals.push_back(GV.isDeclaration() ? 0 :
                   (VE.getValueID(GV.getInitializer()) + 1));
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedLinkage(GV));
    Vals.push_back(Log2_32(GV.getAlignment())+1);
    Vals.push_back(GV.hasSection() ? SectionMap[GV.getSection()] : 0);
    if (GV.isThreadLocal() ||
        GV.getVisibility() != GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility ||
        GV.hasUnnamedAddr() || GV.isExternallyInitialized() ||
        GV.getDLLStorageClass() != GlobalValue::DefaultStorageClass ||
        GV.hasComdat()) {
      Vals.push_back(getEncodedVisibility(GV));
      Vals.push_back(getEncodedThreadLocalMode(GV));
      Vals.push_back(GV.hasUnnamedAddr());
      Vals.push_back(GV.isExternallyInitialized());
      Vals.push_back(getEncodedDLLStorageClass(GV));
      Vals.push_back(GV.hasComdat() ? VE.getComdatID(GV.getComdat()) : 0);
    } else {
      AbbrevToUse = SimpleGVarAbbrev;
    }

    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_GLOBALVAR, Vals, AbbrevToUse);
    Vals.clear();
  }

  // Emit the function proto information.
  for (const Function &F : *M) {
    // FUNCTION:  [type, callingconv, isproto, linkage, paramattrs, alignment,
    //             section, visibility, gc, unnamed_addr, prologuedata,
    //             dllstorageclass, comdat, prefixdata]
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(F.getType()));
    Vals.push_back(F.getCallingConv());
    Vals.push_back(F.isDeclaration());
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedLinkage(F));
    Vals.push_back(VE.getAttributeID(F.getAttributes()));
    Vals.push_back(Log2_32(F.getAlignment())+1);
    Vals.push_back(F.hasSection() ? SectionMap[F.getSection()] : 0);
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedVisibility(F));
    Vals.push_back(F.hasGC() ? GCMap[F.getGC()] : 0);
    Vals.push_back(F.hasUnnamedAddr());
    Vals.push_back(F.hasPrologueData() ? (VE.getValueID(F.getPrologueData()) + 1)
                                       : 0);
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedDLLStorageClass(F));
    Vals.push_back(F.hasComdat() ? VE.getComdatID(F.getComdat()) : 0);
    Vals.push_back(F.hasPrefixData() ? (VE.getValueID(F.getPrefixData()) + 1)
                                     : 0);

    unsigned AbbrevToUse = 0;
    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_FUNCTION, Vals, AbbrevToUse);
    Vals.clear();
  }

  // Emit the alias information.
  for (const GlobalAlias &A : M->aliases()) {
    // ALIAS: [alias type, aliasee val#, linkage, visibility]
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(A.getType()));
    Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(A.getAliasee()));
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedLinkage(A));
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedVisibility(A));
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedDLLStorageClass(A));
    Vals.push_back(getEncodedThreadLocalMode(A));
    Vals.push_back(A.hasUnnamedAddr());
    unsigned AbbrevToUse = 0;
    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_ALIAS, Vals, AbbrevToUse);
    Vals.clear();
  }
}

static uint64_t GetOptimizationFlags(const Value *V) {
  uint64_t Flags = 0;

  if (const auto *OBO = dyn_cast<OverflowingBinaryOperator>(V)) {
    if (OBO->hasNoSignedWrap())
      Flags |= 1 << bitc::OBO_NO_SIGNED_WRAP;
    if (OBO->hasNoUnsignedWrap())
      Flags |= 1 << bitc::OBO_NO_UNSIGNED_WRAP;
  } else if (const auto *PEO = dyn_cast<PossiblyExactOperator>(V)) {
    if (PEO->isExact())
      Flags |= 1 << bitc::PEO_EXACT;
  } else if (const auto *FPMO = dyn_cast<FPMathOperator>(V)) {
    if (FPMO->hasUnsafeAlgebra())
      Flags |= FastMathFlags::UnsafeAlgebra;
    if (FPMO->hasNoNaNs())
      Flags |= FastMathFlags::NoNaNs;
    if (FPMO->hasNoInfs())
      Flags |= FastMathFlags::NoInfs;
    if (FPMO->hasNoSignedZeros())
      Flags |= FastMathFlags::NoSignedZeros;
    if (FPMO->hasAllowReciprocal())
      Flags |= FastMathFlags::AllowReciprocal;
  }

  return Flags;
}

static void WriteValueAsMetadata(const ValueAsMetadata *MD,
                                 const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                 BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                                 SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record) {
  // Mimic an MDNode with a value as one operand.
  Value *V = MD->getValue();
  Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(V->getType()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(V));
  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_VALUE, Record, 0);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDTuple(const MDTuple *N, const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                         BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                         SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record, unsigned Abbrev) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = N->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
    Metadata *MD = N->getOperand(i);
    assert(!(MD && isa<LocalAsMetadata>(MD)) &&
           "Unexpected function-local metadata");
    Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(MD));
  }
  Stream.EmitRecord(N->isDistinct() ? bitc::METADATA_DISTINCT_NODE
                                    : bitc::METADATA_NODE,
                    Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDLocation(const MDLocation *N, const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                            BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                            SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                            unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getLine());
  Record.push_back(N->getColumn());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataID(N->getScope()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getInlinedAt()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_LOCATION, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteGenericDebugNode(const GenericDebugNode *N,
                                  const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                  BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                                  SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                                  unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getTag());
  Record.push_back(0); // Per-tag version field; unused for now.

  for (auto &I : N->operands())
    Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(I));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_GENERIC_DEBUG, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static uint64_t rotateSign(int64_t I) {
  uint64_t U = I;
  return I < 0 ? ~(U << 1) : U << 1;
}

static void WriteMDSubrange(const MDSubrange *N, const ValueEnumerator &,
                            BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                            SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                            unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getCount());
  Record.push_back(rotateSign(N->getLo()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_SUBRANGE, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDEnumerator(const MDEnumerator *N, const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                              BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                              SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                              unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(rotateSign(N->getValue()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawName()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_ENUMERATOR, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDBasicType(const MDBasicType *N, const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                             BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                             SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                             unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getTag());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawName()));
  Record.push_back(N->getSizeInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getAlignInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getEncoding());

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_BASIC_TYPE, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDDerivedType(const MDDerivedType *N,
                               const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                               BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                               SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                               unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getTag());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawName()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getFile()));
  Record.push_back(N->getLine());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getScope()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataID(N->getBaseType()));
  Record.push_back(N->getSizeInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getAlignInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getOffsetInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getFlags());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getExtraData()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_DERIVED_TYPE, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDCompositeType(const MDCompositeType *N,
                                 const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                 BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                                 SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                                 unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getTag());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawName()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getFile()));
  Record.push_back(N->getLine());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getScope()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getBaseType()));
  Record.push_back(N->getSizeInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getAlignInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getOffsetInBits());
  Record.push_back(N->getFlags());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getElements()));
  Record.push_back(N->getRuntimeLang());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getVTableHolder()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getTemplateParams()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawIdentifier()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_COMPOSITE_TYPE, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDSubroutineType(const MDSubroutineType *N,
                                  const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                  BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                                  SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                                  unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getFlags());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getTypeArray()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_SUBROUTINE_TYPE, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDFile(const MDFile *N, const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                        BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                        SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record, unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawFilename()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawDirectory()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_FILE, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDCompileUnit(const MDCompileUnit *N,
                               const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                               BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                               SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                               unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(N->getSourceLanguage());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataID(N->getFile()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawProducer()));
  Record.push_back(N->isOptimized());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawFlags()));
  Record.push_back(N->getRuntimeVersion());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawSplitDebugFilename()));
  Record.push_back(N->getEmissionKind());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getEnumTypes()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRetainedTypes()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getSubprograms()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getGlobalVariables()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getImportedEntities()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_COMPILE_UNIT, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDSubprogram(const MDSubprogram *N,
                               const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                               BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                               SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                               unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getScope()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawName()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getRawLinkageName()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getFile()));
  Record.push_back(N->getLine());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getType()));
  Record.push_back(N->isLocalToUnit());
  Record.push_back(N->isDefinition());
  Record.push_back(N->getScopeLine());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getContainingType()));
  Record.push_back(N->getVirtuality());
  Record.push_back(N->getVirtualIndex());
  Record.push_back(N->getFlags());
  Record.push_back(N->isOptimized());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getFunction()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getTemplateParams()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getDeclaration()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getVariables()));

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_SUBPROGRAM, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDLexicalBlock(const MDLexicalBlock *N,
                               const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                               BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                               SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Record,
                               unsigned Abbrev) {
  Record.push_back(N->isDistinct());
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getScope()));
  Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(N->getFile()));
  Record.push_back(N->getLine());
  Record.push_back(N->getColumn());

  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_LEXICAL_BLOCK, Record, Abbrev);
  Record.clear();
}

static void WriteMDLexicalBlockFile(const MDLexicalBlockFile *,
                                    const ValueEnumerator &, BitstreamWriter &,
                                    SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &, unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDNamespace(const MDNamespace *, const ValueEnumerator &,
                             BitstreamWriter &, SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &,
                             unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDTemplateTypeParameter(const MDTemplateTypeParameter *,
                                         const ValueEnumerator &,
                                         BitstreamWriter &,
                                         SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &,
                                         unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDTemplateValueParameter(const MDTemplateValueParameter *,
                                          const ValueEnumerator &,
                                          BitstreamWriter &,
                                          SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &,
                                          unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDGlobalVariable(const MDGlobalVariable *,
                                  const ValueEnumerator &, BitstreamWriter &,
                                  SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &, unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDLocalVariable(const MDLocalVariable *,
                                 const ValueEnumerator &, BitstreamWriter &,
                                 SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &, unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDExpression(const MDExpression *, const ValueEnumerator &,
                              BitstreamWriter &, SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &,
                              unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDObjCProperty(const MDObjCProperty *, const ValueEnumerator &,
                                BitstreamWriter &, SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &,
                                unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}
static void WriteMDImportedEntity(const MDImportedEntity *,
                                  const ValueEnumerator &, BitstreamWriter &,
                                  SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &, unsigned) {
  llvm_unreachable("write not implemented");
}

static void WriteModuleMetadata(const Module *M,
                                const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  const auto &MDs = VE.getMDs();
  if (MDs.empty() && M->named_metadata_empty())
    return;

  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::METADATA_BLOCK_ID, 3);

  unsigned MDSAbbrev = 0;
  if (VE.hasMDString()) {
    // Abbrev for METADATA_STRING.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::METADATA_STRING));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 8));
    MDSAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
  }

  // Initialize MDNode abbreviations.
#define HANDLE_MDNODE_LEAF(CLASS) unsigned CLASS##Abbrev = 0;
#include "llvm/IR/Metadata.def"

  if (VE.hasMDLocation()) {
    // Abbrev for METADATA_LOCATION.
    //
    // Assume the column is usually under 128, and always output the inlined-at
    // location (it's never more expensive than building an array size 1).
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::METADATA_LOCATION));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));
    MDLocationAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
  }

  if (VE.hasGenericDebugNode()) {
    // Abbrev for METADATA_GENERIC_DEBUG.
    //
    // Assume the column is usually under 128, and always output the inlined-at
    // location (it's never more expensive than building an array size 1).
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::METADATA_GENERIC_DEBUG));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));
    GenericDebugNodeAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
  }

  unsigned NameAbbrev = 0;
  if (!M->named_metadata_empty()) {
    // Abbrev for METADATA_NAME.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::METADATA_NAME));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 8));
    NameAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
  }

  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;
  for (const Metadata *MD : MDs) {
    if (const MDNode *N = dyn_cast<MDNode>(MD)) {
      switch (N->getMetadataID()) {
      default:
        llvm_unreachable("Invalid MDNode subclass");
#define HANDLE_MDNODE_LEAF(CLASS)                                              \
  case Metadata::CLASS##Kind:                                                  \
    Write##CLASS(cast<CLASS>(N), VE, Stream, Record, CLASS##Abbrev);           \
    continue;
#include "llvm/IR/Metadata.def"
      }
    }
    if (const auto *MDC = dyn_cast<ConstantAsMetadata>(MD)) {
      WriteValueAsMetadata(MDC, VE, Stream, Record);
      continue;
    }
    const MDString *MDS = cast<MDString>(MD);
    // Code: [strchar x N]
    Record.append(MDS->bytes_begin(), MDS->bytes_end());

    // Emit the finished record.
    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_STRING, Record, MDSAbbrev);
    Record.clear();
  }

  // Write named metadata.
  for (const NamedMDNode &NMD : M->named_metadata()) {
    // Write name.
    StringRef Str = NMD.getName();
    Record.append(Str.bytes_begin(), Str.bytes_end());
    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_NAME, Record, NameAbbrev);
    Record.clear();

    // Write named metadata operands.
    for (const MDNode *N : NMD.operands())
      Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataID(N));
    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_NAMED_NODE, Record, 0);
    Record.clear();
  }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static void WriteFunctionLocalMetadata(const Function &F,
                                       const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                       BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  bool StartedMetadataBlock = false;
  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;
  const SmallVectorImpl<const LocalAsMetadata *> &MDs =
      VE.getFunctionLocalMDs();
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = MDs.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    assert(MDs[i] && "Expected valid function-local metadata");
    if (!StartedMetadataBlock) {
      Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::METADATA_BLOCK_ID, 3);
      StartedMetadataBlock = true;
    }
    WriteValueAsMetadata(MDs[i], VE, Stream, Record);
  }

  if (StartedMetadataBlock)
    Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static void WriteMetadataAttachment(const Function &F,
                                    const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                    BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::METADATA_ATTACHMENT_ID, 3);

  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;

  // Write metadata attachments
  // METADATA_ATTACHMENT - [m x [value, [n x [id, mdnode]]]
  SmallVector<std::pair<unsigned, MDNode *>, 4> MDs;

  for (Function::const_iterator BB = F.begin(), E = F.end(); BB != E; ++BB)
    for (BasicBlock::const_iterator I = BB->begin(), E = BB->end();
         I != E; ++I) {
      MDs.clear();
      I->getAllMetadataOtherThanDebugLoc(MDs);

      // If no metadata, ignore instruction.
      if (MDs.empty()) continue;

      Record.push_back(VE.getInstructionID(I));

      for (unsigned i = 0, e = MDs.size(); i != e; ++i) {
        Record.push_back(MDs[i].first);
        Record.push_back(VE.getMetadataID(MDs[i].second));
      }
      Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_ATTACHMENT, Record, 0);
      Record.clear();
    }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static void WriteModuleMetadataStore(const Module *M, BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;

  // Write metadata kinds
  // METADATA_KIND - [n x [id, name]]
  SmallVector<StringRef, 8> Names;
  M->getMDKindNames(Names);

  if (Names.empty()) return;

  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::METADATA_BLOCK_ID, 3);

  for (unsigned MDKindID = 0, e = Names.size(); MDKindID != e; ++MDKindID) {
    Record.push_back(MDKindID);
    StringRef KName = Names[MDKindID];
    Record.append(KName.begin(), KName.end());

    Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::METADATA_KIND, Record, 0);
    Record.clear();
  }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static void emitSignedInt64(SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Vals, uint64_t V) {
  if ((int64_t)V >= 0)
    Vals.push_back(V << 1);
  else
    Vals.push_back((-V << 1) | 1);
}

static void WriteConstants(unsigned FirstVal, unsigned LastVal,
                           const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                           BitstreamWriter &Stream, bool isGlobal) {
  if (FirstVal == LastVal) return;

  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::CONSTANTS_BLOCK_ID, 4);

  unsigned AggregateAbbrev = 0;
  unsigned String8Abbrev = 0;
  unsigned CString7Abbrev = 0;
  unsigned CString6Abbrev = 0;
  // If this is a constant pool for the module, emit module-specific abbrevs.
  if (isGlobal) {
    // Abbrev for CST_CODE_AGGREGATE.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_AGGREGATE));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, Log2_32_Ceil(LastVal+1)));
    AggregateAbbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);

    // Abbrev for CST_CODE_STRING.
    Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_STRING));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 8));
    String8Abbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
    // Abbrev for CST_CODE_CSTRING.
    Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_CSTRING));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 7));
    CString7Abbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
    // Abbrev for CST_CODE_CSTRING.
    Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_CSTRING));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Char6));
    CString6Abbrev = Stream.EmitAbbrev(Abbv);
  }

  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;

  const ValueEnumerator::ValueList &Vals = VE.getValues();
  Type *LastTy = nullptr;
  for (unsigned i = FirstVal; i != LastVal; ++i) {
    const Value *V = Vals[i].first;
    // If we need to switch types, do so now.
    if (V->getType() != LastTy) {
      LastTy = V->getType();
      Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(LastTy));
      Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::CST_CODE_SETTYPE, Record,
                        CONSTANTS_SETTYPE_ABBREV);
      Record.clear();
    }

    if (const InlineAsm *IA = dyn_cast<InlineAsm>(V)) {
      Record.push_back(unsigned(IA->hasSideEffects()) |
                       unsigned(IA->isAlignStack()) << 1 |
                       unsigned(IA->getDialect()&1) << 2);

      // Add the asm string.
      const std::string &AsmStr = IA->getAsmString();
      Record.push_back(AsmStr.size());
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = AsmStr.size(); i != e; ++i)
        Record.push_back(AsmStr[i]);

      // Add the constraint string.
      const std::string &ConstraintStr = IA->getConstraintString();
      Record.push_back(ConstraintStr.size());
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = ConstraintStr.size(); i != e; ++i)
        Record.push_back(ConstraintStr[i]);
      Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::CST_CODE_INLINEASM, Record);
      Record.clear();
      continue;
    }
    const Constant *C = cast<Constant>(V);
    unsigned Code = -1U;
    unsigned AbbrevToUse = 0;
    if (C->isNullValue()) {
      Code = bitc::CST_CODE_NULL;
    } else if (isa<UndefValue>(C)) {
      Code = bitc::CST_CODE_UNDEF;
    } else if (const ConstantInt *IV = dyn_cast<ConstantInt>(C)) {
      if (IV->getBitWidth() <= 64) {
        uint64_t V = IV->getSExtValue();
        emitSignedInt64(Record, V);
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_INTEGER;
        AbbrevToUse = CONSTANTS_INTEGER_ABBREV;
      } else {                             // Wide integers, > 64 bits in size.
        // We have an arbitrary precision integer value to write whose
        // bit width is > 64. However, in canonical unsigned integer
        // format it is likely that the high bits are going to be zero.
        // So, we only write the number of active words.
        unsigned NWords = IV->getValue().getActiveWords();
        const uint64_t *RawWords = IV->getValue().getRawData();
        for (unsigned i = 0; i != NWords; ++i) {
          emitSignedInt64(Record, RawWords[i]);
        }
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_WIDE_INTEGER;
      }
    } else if (const ConstantFP *CFP = dyn_cast<ConstantFP>(C)) {
      Code = bitc::CST_CODE_FLOAT;
      Type *Ty = CFP->getType();
      if (Ty->isHalfTy() || Ty->isFloatTy() || Ty->isDoubleTy()) {
        Record.push_back(CFP->getValueAPF().bitcastToAPInt().getZExtValue());
      } else if (Ty->isX86_FP80Ty()) {
        // api needed to prevent premature destruction
        // bits are not in the same order as a normal i80 APInt, compensate.
        APInt api = CFP->getValueAPF().bitcastToAPInt();
        const uint64_t *p = api.getRawData();
        Record.push_back((p[1] << 48) | (p[0] >> 16));
        Record.push_back(p[0] & 0xffffLL);
      } else if (Ty->isFP128Ty() || Ty->isPPC_FP128Ty()) {
        APInt api = CFP->getValueAPF().bitcastToAPInt();
        const uint64_t *p = api.getRawData();
        Record.push_back(p[0]);
        Record.push_back(p[1]);
      } else {
        assert (0 && "Unknown FP type!");
      }
    } else if (isa<ConstantDataSequential>(C) &&
               cast<ConstantDataSequential>(C)->isString()) {
      const ConstantDataSequential *Str = cast<ConstantDataSequential>(C);
      // Emit constant strings specially.
      unsigned NumElts = Str->getNumElements();
      // If this is a null-terminated string, use the denser CSTRING encoding.
      if (Str->isCString()) {
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CSTRING;
        --NumElts;  // Don't encode the null, which isn't allowed by char6.
      } else {
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_STRING;
        AbbrevToUse = String8Abbrev;
      }
      bool isCStr7 = Code == bitc::CST_CODE_CSTRING;
      bool isCStrChar6 = Code == bitc::CST_CODE_CSTRING;
      for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumElts; ++i) {
        unsigned char V = Str->getElementAsInteger(i);
        Record.push_back(V);
        isCStr7 &= (V & 128) == 0;
        if (isCStrChar6)
          isCStrChar6 = BitCodeAbbrevOp::isChar6(V);
      }

      if (isCStrChar6)
        AbbrevToUse = CString6Abbrev;
      else if (isCStr7)
        AbbrevToUse = CString7Abbrev;
    } else if (const ConstantDataSequential *CDS =
                  dyn_cast<ConstantDataSequential>(C)) {
      Code = bitc::CST_CODE_DATA;
      Type *EltTy = CDS->getType()->getElementType();
      if (isa<IntegerType>(EltTy)) {
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = CDS->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i)
          Record.push_back(CDS->getElementAsInteger(i));
      } else if (EltTy->isFloatTy()) {
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = CDS->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i) {
          union { float F; uint32_t I; };
          F = CDS->getElementAsFloat(i);
          Record.push_back(I);
        }
      } else {
        assert(EltTy->isDoubleTy() && "Unknown ConstantData element type");
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = CDS->getNumElements(); i != e; ++i) {
          union { double F; uint64_t I; };
          F = CDS->getElementAsDouble(i);
          Record.push_back(I);
        }
      }
    } else if (isa<ConstantArray>(C) || isa<ConstantStruct>(C) ||
               isa<ConstantVector>(C)) {
      Code = bitc::CST_CODE_AGGREGATE;
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = C->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(i)));
      AbbrevToUse = AggregateAbbrev;
    } else if (const ConstantExpr *CE = dyn_cast<ConstantExpr>(C)) {
      switch (CE->getOpcode()) {
      default:
        if (Instruction::isCast(CE->getOpcode())) {
          Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_CAST;
          Record.push_back(GetEncodedCastOpcode(CE->getOpcode()));
          Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(C->getOperand(0)->getType()));
          Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(0)));
          AbbrevToUse = CONSTANTS_CE_CAST_Abbrev;
        } else {
          assert(CE->getNumOperands() == 2 && "Unknown constant expr!");
          Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_BINOP;
          Record.push_back(GetEncodedBinaryOpcode(CE->getOpcode()));
          Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(0)));
          Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(1)));
          uint64_t Flags = GetOptimizationFlags(CE);
          if (Flags != 0)
            Record.push_back(Flags);
        }
        break;
      case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_GEP;
        if (cast<GEPOperator>(C)->isInBounds())
          Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_INBOUNDS_GEP;
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = CE->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
          Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(C->getOperand(i)->getType()));
          Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(i)));
        }
        break;
      case Instruction::Select:
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_SELECT;
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(0)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(1)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(2)));
        break;
      case Instruction::ExtractElement:
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_EXTRACTELT;
        Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(C->getOperand(0)->getType()));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(0)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(C->getOperand(1)->getType()));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(1)));
        break;
      case Instruction::InsertElement:
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_INSERTELT;
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(0)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(1)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(C->getOperand(2)->getType()));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(2)));
        break;
      case Instruction::ShuffleVector:
        // If the return type and argument types are the same, this is a
        // standard shufflevector instruction.  If the types are different,
        // then the shuffle is widening or truncating the input vectors, and
        // the argument type must also be encoded.
        if (C->getType() == C->getOperand(0)->getType()) {
          Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_SHUFFLEVEC;
        } else {
          Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_SHUFVEC_EX;
          Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(C->getOperand(0)->getType()));
        }
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(0)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(1)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(2)));
        break;
      case Instruction::ICmp:
      case Instruction::FCmp:
        Code = bitc::CST_CODE_CE_CMP;
        Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(C->getOperand(0)->getType()));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(0)));
        Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(C->getOperand(1)));
        Record.push_back(CE->getPredicate());
        break;
      }
    } else if (const BlockAddress *BA = dyn_cast<BlockAddress>(C)) {
      Code = bitc::CST_CODE_BLOCKADDRESS;
      Record.push_back(VE.getTypeID(BA->getFunction()->getType()));
      Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(BA->getFunction()));
      Record.push_back(VE.getGlobalBasicBlockID(BA->getBasicBlock()));
    } else {
#ifndef NDEBUG
      C->dump();
#endif
      llvm_unreachable("Unknown constant!");
    }
    Stream.EmitRecord(Code, Record, AbbrevToUse);
    Record.clear();
  }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static void WriteModuleConstants(const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                 BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  const ValueEnumerator::ValueList &Vals = VE.getValues();

  // Find the first constant to emit, which is the first non-globalvalue value.
  // We know globalvalues have been emitted by WriteModuleInfo.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = Vals.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    if (!isa<GlobalValue>(Vals[i].first)) {
      WriteConstants(i, Vals.size(), VE, Stream, true);
      return;
    }
  }
}

/// PushValueAndType - The file has to encode both the value and type id for
/// many values, because we need to know what type to create for forward
/// references.  However, most operands are not forward references, so this type
/// field is not needed.
///
/// This function adds V's value ID to Vals.  If the value ID is higher than the
/// instruction ID, then it is a forward reference, and it also includes the
/// type ID.  The value ID that is written is encoded relative to the InstID.
static bool PushValueAndType(const Value *V, unsigned InstID,
                             SmallVectorImpl<unsigned> &Vals,
                             ValueEnumerator &VE) {
  unsigned ValID = VE.getValueID(V);
  // Make encoding relative to the InstID.
  Vals.push_back(InstID - ValID);
  if (ValID >= InstID) {
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(V->getType()));
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/// pushValue - Like PushValueAndType, but where the type of the value is
/// omitted (perhaps it was already encoded in an earlier operand).
static void pushValue(const Value *V, unsigned InstID,
                      SmallVectorImpl<unsigned> &Vals,
                      ValueEnumerator &VE) {
  unsigned ValID = VE.getValueID(V);
  Vals.push_back(InstID - ValID);
}

static void pushValueSigned(const Value *V, unsigned InstID,
                            SmallVectorImpl<uint64_t> &Vals,
                            ValueEnumerator &VE) {
  unsigned ValID = VE.getValueID(V);
  int64_t diff = ((int32_t)InstID - (int32_t)ValID);
  emitSignedInt64(Vals, diff);
}

/// WriteInstruction - Emit an instruction to the specified stream.
static void WriteInstruction(const Instruction &I, unsigned InstID,
                             ValueEnumerator &VE, BitstreamWriter &Stream,
                             SmallVectorImpl<unsigned> &Vals) {
  unsigned Code = 0;
  unsigned AbbrevToUse = 0;
  VE.setInstructionID(&I);
  switch (I.getOpcode()) {
  default:
    if (Instruction::isCast(I.getOpcode())) {
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_CAST;
      if (!PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE))
        AbbrevToUse = FUNCTION_INST_CAST_ABBREV;
      Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(I.getType()));
      Vals.push_back(GetEncodedCastOpcode(I.getOpcode()));
    } else {
      assert(isa<BinaryOperator>(I) && "Unknown instruction!");
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_BINOP;
      if (!PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE))
        AbbrevToUse = FUNCTION_INST_BINOP_ABBREV;
      pushValue(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);
      Vals.push_back(GetEncodedBinaryOpcode(I.getOpcode()));
      uint64_t Flags = GetOptimizationFlags(&I);
      if (Flags != 0) {
        if (AbbrevToUse == FUNCTION_INST_BINOP_ABBREV)
          AbbrevToUse = FUNCTION_INST_BINOP_FLAGS_ABBREV;
        Vals.push_back(Flags);
      }
    }
    break;

  case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_GEP;
    if (cast<GEPOperator>(&I)->isInBounds())
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_INBOUNDS_GEP;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = I.getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
      PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(i), InstID, Vals, VE);
    break;
  case Instruction::ExtractValue: {
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_EXTRACTVAL;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    const ExtractValueInst *EVI = cast<ExtractValueInst>(&I);
    for (const unsigned *i = EVI->idx_begin(), *e = EVI->idx_end(); i != e; ++i)
      Vals.push_back(*i);
    break;
  }
  case Instruction::InsertValue: {
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_INSERTVAL;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);
    const InsertValueInst *IVI = cast<InsertValueInst>(&I);
    for (const unsigned *i = IVI->idx_begin(), *e = IVI->idx_end(); i != e; ++i)
      Vals.push_back(*i);
    break;
  }
  case Instruction::Select:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_VSELECT;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);
    pushValue(I.getOperand(2), InstID, Vals, VE);
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    break;
  case Instruction::ExtractElement:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_EXTRACTELT;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);
    break;
  case Instruction::InsertElement:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_INSERTELT;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    pushValue(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(2), InstID, Vals, VE);
    break;
  case Instruction::ShuffleVector:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_SHUFFLEVEC;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    pushValue(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);
    pushValue(I.getOperand(2), InstID, Vals, VE);
    break;
  case Instruction::ICmp:
  case Instruction::FCmp:
    // compare returning Int1Ty or vector of Int1Ty
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_CMP2;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    pushValue(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);
    Vals.push_back(cast<CmpInst>(I).getPredicate());
    break;

  case Instruction::Ret:
    {
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_RET;
      unsigned NumOperands = I.getNumOperands();
      if (NumOperands == 0)
        AbbrevToUse = FUNCTION_INST_RET_VOID_ABBREV;
      else if (NumOperands == 1) {
        if (!PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE))
          AbbrevToUse = FUNCTION_INST_RET_VAL_ABBREV;
      } else {
        for (unsigned i = 0, e = NumOperands; i != e; ++i)
          PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(i), InstID, Vals, VE);
      }
    }
    break;
  case Instruction::Br:
    {
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_BR;
      const BranchInst &II = cast<BranchInst>(I);
      Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(II.getSuccessor(0)));
      if (II.isConditional()) {
        Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(II.getSuccessor(1)));
        pushValue(II.getCondition(), InstID, Vals, VE);
      }
    }
    break;
  case Instruction::Switch:
    {
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_SWITCH;
      const SwitchInst &SI = cast<SwitchInst>(I);
      Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(SI.getCondition()->getType()));
      pushValue(SI.getCondition(), InstID, Vals, VE);
      Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(SI.getDefaultDest()));
      for (SwitchInst::ConstCaseIt i = SI.case_begin(), e = SI.case_end();
           i != e; ++i) {
        Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(i.getCaseValue()));
        Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(i.getCaseSuccessor()));
      }
    }
    break;
  case Instruction::IndirectBr:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_INDIRECTBR;
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(I.getOperand(0)->getType()));
    // Encode the address operand as relative, but not the basic blocks.
    pushValue(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    for (unsigned i = 1, e = I.getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
      Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(I.getOperand(i)));
    break;

  case Instruction::Invoke: {
    const InvokeInst *II = cast<InvokeInst>(&I);
    const Value *Callee(II->getCalledValue());
    PointerType *PTy = cast<PointerType>(Callee->getType());
    FunctionType *FTy = cast<FunctionType>(PTy->getElementType());
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_INVOKE;

    Vals.push_back(VE.getAttributeID(II->getAttributes()));
    Vals.push_back(II->getCallingConv());
    Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(II->getNormalDest()));
    Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(II->getUnwindDest()));
    PushValueAndType(Callee, InstID, Vals, VE);

    // Emit value #'s for the fixed parameters.
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = FTy->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i)
      pushValue(I.getOperand(i), InstID, Vals, VE);  // fixed param.

    // Emit type/value pairs for varargs params.
    if (FTy->isVarArg()) {
      for (unsigned i = FTy->getNumParams(), e = I.getNumOperands()-3;
           i != e; ++i)
        PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(i), InstID, Vals, VE); // vararg
    }
    break;
  }
  case Instruction::Resume:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_RESUME;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    break;
  case Instruction::Unreachable:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_UNREACHABLE;
    AbbrevToUse = FUNCTION_INST_UNREACHABLE_ABBREV;
    break;

  case Instruction::PHI: {
    const PHINode &PN = cast<PHINode>(I);
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_PHI;
    // With the newer instruction encoding, forward references could give
    // negative valued IDs.  This is most common for PHIs, so we use
    // signed VBRs.
    SmallVector<uint64_t, 128> Vals64;
    Vals64.push_back(VE.getTypeID(PN.getType()));
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN.getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i) {
      pushValueSigned(PN.getIncomingValue(i), InstID, Vals64, VE);
      Vals64.push_back(VE.getValueID(PN.getIncomingBlock(i)));
    }
    // Emit a Vals64 vector and exit.
    Stream.EmitRecord(Code, Vals64, AbbrevToUse);
    Vals64.clear();
    return;
  }

  case Instruction::LandingPad: {
    const LandingPadInst &LP = cast<LandingPadInst>(I);
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_LANDINGPAD;
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(LP.getType()));
    PushValueAndType(LP.getPersonalityFn(), InstID, Vals, VE);
    Vals.push_back(LP.isCleanup());
    Vals.push_back(LP.getNumClauses());
    for (unsigned I = 0, E = LP.getNumClauses(); I != E; ++I) {
      if (LP.isCatch(I))
        Vals.push_back(LandingPadInst::Catch);
      else
        Vals.push_back(LandingPadInst::Filter);
      PushValueAndType(LP.getClause(I), InstID, Vals, VE);
    }
    break;
  }

  case Instruction::Alloca: {
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_ALLOCA;
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(I.getType()));
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(I.getOperand(0)->getType()));
    Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(I.getOperand(0))); // size.
    const AllocaInst &AI = cast<AllocaInst>(I);
    unsigned AlignRecord = Log2_32(AI.getAlignment()) + 1;
    assert(Log2_32(Value::MaximumAlignment) + 1 < 1 << 5 &&
           "not enough bits for maximum alignment");
    assert(AlignRecord < 1 << 5 && "alignment greater than 1 << 64");
    AlignRecord |= AI.isUsedWithInAlloca() << 5;
    Vals.push_back(AlignRecord);
    break;
  }

  case Instruction::Load:
    if (cast<LoadInst>(I).isAtomic()) {
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_LOADATOMIC;
      PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);
    } else {
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_LOAD;
      if (!PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE))  // ptr
        AbbrevToUse = FUNCTION_INST_LOAD_ABBREV;
    }
    Vals.push_back(Log2_32(cast<LoadInst>(I).getAlignment())+1);
    Vals.push_back(cast<LoadInst>(I).isVolatile());
    if (cast<LoadInst>(I).isAtomic()) {
      Vals.push_back(GetEncodedOrdering(cast<LoadInst>(I).getOrdering()));
      Vals.push_back(GetEncodedSynchScope(cast<LoadInst>(I).getSynchScope()));
    }
    break;
  case Instruction::Store:
    if (cast<StoreInst>(I).isAtomic())
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_STOREATOMIC;
    else
      Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_STORE;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);  // ptrty + ptr
    pushValue(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);         // val.
    Vals.push_back(Log2_32(cast<StoreInst>(I).getAlignment())+1);
    Vals.push_back(cast<StoreInst>(I).isVolatile());
    if (cast<StoreInst>(I).isAtomic()) {
      Vals.push_back(GetEncodedOrdering(cast<StoreInst>(I).getOrdering()));
      Vals.push_back(GetEncodedSynchScope(cast<StoreInst>(I).getSynchScope()));
    }
    break;
  case Instruction::AtomicCmpXchg:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_CMPXCHG;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);  // ptrty + ptr
    pushValue(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);         // cmp.
    pushValue(I.getOperand(2), InstID, Vals, VE);         // newval.
    Vals.push_back(cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(I).isVolatile());
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedOrdering(
                     cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(I).getSuccessOrdering()));
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedSynchScope(
                     cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(I).getSynchScope()));
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedOrdering(
                     cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(I).getFailureOrdering()));
    Vals.push_back(cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(I).isWeak());
    break;
  case Instruction::AtomicRMW:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_ATOMICRMW;
    PushValueAndType(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE);  // ptrty + ptr
    pushValue(I.getOperand(1), InstID, Vals, VE);         // val.
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedRMWOperation(
                     cast<AtomicRMWInst>(I).getOperation()));
    Vals.push_back(cast<AtomicRMWInst>(I).isVolatile());
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedOrdering(cast<AtomicRMWInst>(I).getOrdering()));
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedSynchScope(
                     cast<AtomicRMWInst>(I).getSynchScope()));
    break;
  case Instruction::Fence:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_FENCE;
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedOrdering(cast<FenceInst>(I).getOrdering()));
    Vals.push_back(GetEncodedSynchScope(cast<FenceInst>(I).getSynchScope()));
    break;
  case Instruction::Call: {
    const CallInst &CI = cast<CallInst>(I);
    PointerType *PTy = cast<PointerType>(CI.getCalledValue()->getType());
    FunctionType *FTy = cast<FunctionType>(PTy->getElementType());

    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_CALL;

    Vals.push_back(VE.getAttributeID(CI.getAttributes()));
    Vals.push_back((CI.getCallingConv() << 1) | unsigned(CI.isTailCall()) |
                   unsigned(CI.isMustTailCall()) << 14);
    PushValueAndType(CI.getCalledValue(), InstID, Vals, VE);  // Callee

    // Emit value #'s for the fixed parameters.
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = FTy->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i) {
      // Check for labels (can happen with asm labels).
      if (FTy->getParamType(i)->isLabelTy())
        Vals.push_back(VE.getValueID(CI.getArgOperand(i)));
      else
        pushValue(CI.getArgOperand(i), InstID, Vals, VE);  // fixed param.
    }

    // Emit type/value pairs for varargs params.
    if (FTy->isVarArg()) {
      for (unsigned i = FTy->getNumParams(), e = CI.getNumArgOperands();
           i != e; ++i)
        PushValueAndType(CI.getArgOperand(i), InstID, Vals, VE);  // varargs
    }
    break;
  }
  case Instruction::VAArg:
    Code = bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_VAARG;
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(I.getOperand(0)->getType()));   // valistty
    pushValue(I.getOperand(0), InstID, Vals, VE); // valist.
    Vals.push_back(VE.getTypeID(I.getType())); // restype.
    break;
  }

  Stream.EmitRecord(Code, Vals, AbbrevToUse);
  Vals.clear();
}

// Emit names for globals/functions etc.
static void WriteValueSymbolTable(const ValueSymbolTable &VST,
                                  const ValueEnumerator &VE,
                                  BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  if (VST.empty()) return;
  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::VALUE_SYMTAB_BLOCK_ID, 4);

  // FIXME: Set up the abbrev, we know how many values there are!
  // FIXME: We know if the type names can use 7-bit ascii.
  SmallVector<unsigned, 64> NameVals;

  for (ValueSymbolTable::const_iterator SI = VST.begin(), SE = VST.end();
       SI != SE; ++SI) {

    const ValueName &Name = *SI;

    // Figure out the encoding to use for the name.
    bool is7Bit = true;
    bool isChar6 = true;
    for (const char *C = Name.getKeyData(), *E = C+Name.getKeyLength();
         C != E; ++C) {
      if (isChar6)
        isChar6 = BitCodeAbbrevOp::isChar6(*C);
      if ((unsigned char)*C & 128) {
        is7Bit = false;
        break;  // don't bother scanning the rest.
      }
    }

    unsigned AbbrevToUse = VST_ENTRY_8_ABBREV;

    // VST_ENTRY:   [valueid, namechar x N]
    // VST_BBENTRY: [bbid, namechar x N]
    unsigned Code;
    if (isa<BasicBlock>(SI->getValue())) {
      Code = bitc::VST_CODE_BBENTRY;
      if (isChar6)
        AbbrevToUse = VST_BBENTRY_6_ABBREV;
    } else {
      Code = bitc::VST_CODE_ENTRY;
      if (isChar6)
        AbbrevToUse = VST_ENTRY_6_ABBREV;
      else if (is7Bit)
        AbbrevToUse = VST_ENTRY_7_ABBREV;
    }

    NameVals.push_back(VE.getValueID(SI->getValue()));
    for (const char *P = Name.getKeyData(),
         *E = Name.getKeyData()+Name.getKeyLength(); P != E; ++P)
      NameVals.push_back((unsigned char)*P);

    // Emit the finished record.
    Stream.EmitRecord(Code, NameVals, AbbrevToUse);
    NameVals.clear();
  }
  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

static void WriteUseList(ValueEnumerator &VE, UseListOrder &&Order,
                         BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  assert(Order.Shuffle.size() >= 2 && "Shuffle too small");
  unsigned Code;
  if (isa<BasicBlock>(Order.V))
    Code = bitc::USELIST_CODE_BB;
  else
    Code = bitc::USELIST_CODE_DEFAULT;

  SmallVector<uint64_t, 64> Record;
  for (unsigned I : Order.Shuffle)
    Record.push_back(I);
  Record.push_back(VE.getValueID(Order.V));
  Stream.EmitRecord(Code, Record);
}

static void WriteUseListBlock(const Function *F, ValueEnumerator &VE,
                              BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  auto hasMore = [&]() {
    return !VE.UseListOrders.empty() && VE.UseListOrders.back().F == F;
  };
  if (!hasMore())
    // Nothing to do.
    return;

  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::USELIST_BLOCK_ID, 3);
  while (hasMore()) {
    WriteUseList(VE, std::move(VE.UseListOrders.back()), Stream);
    VE.UseListOrders.pop_back();
  }
  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

/// WriteFunction - Emit a function body to the module stream.
static void WriteFunction(const Function &F, ValueEnumerator &VE,
                          BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID, 4);
  VE.incorporateFunction(F);

  SmallVector<unsigned, 64> Vals;

  // Emit the number of basic blocks, so the reader can create them ahead of
  // time.
  Vals.push_back(VE.getBasicBlocks().size());
  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::FUNC_CODE_DECLAREBLOCKS, Vals);
  Vals.clear();

  // If there are function-local constants, emit them now.
  unsigned CstStart, CstEnd;
  VE.getFunctionConstantRange(CstStart, CstEnd);
  WriteConstants(CstStart, CstEnd, VE, Stream, false);

  // If there is function-local metadata, emit it now.
  WriteFunctionLocalMetadata(F, VE, Stream);

  // Keep a running idea of what the instruction ID is.
  unsigned InstID = CstEnd;

  bool NeedsMetadataAttachment = false;

  DebugLoc LastDL;

  // Finally, emit all the instructions, in order.
  for (Function::const_iterator BB = F.begin(), E = F.end(); BB != E; ++BB)
    for (BasicBlock::const_iterator I = BB->begin(), E = BB->end();
         I != E; ++I) {
      WriteInstruction(*I, InstID, VE, Stream, Vals);

      if (!I->getType()->isVoidTy())
        ++InstID;

      // If the instruction has metadata, write a metadata attachment later.
      NeedsMetadataAttachment |= I->hasMetadataOtherThanDebugLoc();

      // If the instruction has a debug location, emit it.
      DebugLoc DL = I->getDebugLoc();
      if (DL.isUnknown()) {
        // nothing todo.
      } else if (DL == LastDL) {
        // Just repeat the same debug loc as last time.
        Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::FUNC_CODE_DEBUG_LOC_AGAIN, Vals);
      } else {
        MDNode *Scope, *IA;
        DL.getScopeAndInlinedAt(Scope, IA, I->getContext());
        assert(Scope && "Expected valid scope");

        Vals.push_back(DL.getLine());
        Vals.push_back(DL.getCol());
        Vals.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(Scope));
        Vals.push_back(VE.getMetadataOrNullID(IA));
        Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::FUNC_CODE_DEBUG_LOC, Vals);
        Vals.clear();

        LastDL = DL;
      }
    }

  // Emit names for all the instructions etc.
  WriteValueSymbolTable(F.getValueSymbolTable(), VE, Stream);

  if (NeedsMetadataAttachment)
    WriteMetadataAttachment(F, VE, Stream);
  if (shouldPreserveBitcodeUseListOrder())
    WriteUseListBlock(&F, VE, Stream);
  VE.purgeFunction();
  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

// Emit blockinfo, which defines the standard abbreviations etc.
static void WriteBlockInfo(const ValueEnumerator &VE, BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  // We only want to emit block info records for blocks that have multiple
  // instances: CONSTANTS_BLOCK, FUNCTION_BLOCK and VALUE_SYMTAB_BLOCK.
  // Other blocks can define their abbrevs inline.
  Stream.EnterBlockInfoBlock(2);

  { // 8-bit fixed-width VST_ENTRY/VST_BBENTRY strings.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 3));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 8));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::VALUE_SYMTAB_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != VST_ENTRY_8_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }

  { // 7-bit fixed width VST_ENTRY strings.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::VST_CODE_ENTRY));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 7));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::VALUE_SYMTAB_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != VST_ENTRY_7_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // 6-bit char6 VST_ENTRY strings.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::VST_CODE_ENTRY));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Char6));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::VALUE_SYMTAB_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != VST_ENTRY_6_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // 6-bit char6 VST_BBENTRY strings.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::VST_CODE_BBENTRY));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Array));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Char6));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::VALUE_SYMTAB_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != VST_BBENTRY_6_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }



  { // SETTYPE abbrev for CONSTANTS_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_SETTYPE));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed,
                              Log2_32_Ceil(VE.getTypes().size()+1)));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::CONSTANTS_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != CONSTANTS_SETTYPE_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }

  { // INTEGER abbrev for CONSTANTS_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_INTEGER));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::CONSTANTS_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != CONSTANTS_INTEGER_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }

  { // CE_CAST abbrev for CONSTANTS_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_CE_CAST));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 4));  // cast opc
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed,       // typeid
                              Log2_32_Ceil(VE.getTypes().size()+1)));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 8));    // value id

    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::CONSTANTS_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != CONSTANTS_CE_CAST_Abbrev)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // NULL abbrev for CONSTANTS_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::CST_CODE_NULL));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::CONSTANTS_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != CONSTANTS_NULL_Abbrev)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }

  // FIXME: This should only use space for first class types!

  { // INST_LOAD abbrev for FUNCTION_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_LOAD));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6)); // Ptr
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 4)); // Align
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 1)); // volatile
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != FUNCTION_INST_LOAD_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // INST_BINOP abbrev for FUNCTION_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_BINOP));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6)); // LHS
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6)); // RHS
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 4)); // opc
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != FUNCTION_INST_BINOP_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // INST_BINOP_FLAGS abbrev for FUNCTION_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_BINOP));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6)); // LHS
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6)); // RHS
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 4)); // opc
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 7)); // flags
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != FUNCTION_INST_BINOP_FLAGS_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // INST_CAST abbrev for FUNCTION_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_CAST));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6));    // OpVal
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed,       // dest ty
                              Log2_32_Ceil(VE.getTypes().size()+1)));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::Fixed, 4));  // opc
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != FUNCTION_INST_CAST_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }

  { // INST_RET abbrev for FUNCTION_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_RET));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != FUNCTION_INST_RET_VOID_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // INST_RET abbrev for FUNCTION_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_RET));
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(BitCodeAbbrevOp::VBR, 6)); // ValID
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != FUNCTION_INST_RET_VAL_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }
  { // INST_UNREACHABLE abbrev for FUNCTION_BLOCK.
    BitCodeAbbrev *Abbv = new BitCodeAbbrev();
    Abbv->Add(BitCodeAbbrevOp(bitc::FUNC_CODE_INST_UNREACHABLE));
    if (Stream.EmitBlockInfoAbbrev(bitc::FUNCTION_BLOCK_ID,
                                   Abbv) != FUNCTION_INST_UNREACHABLE_ABBREV)
      llvm_unreachable("Unexpected abbrev ordering!");
  }

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

/// WriteModule - Emit the specified module to the bitstream.
static void WriteModule(const Module *M, BitstreamWriter &Stream) {
  Stream.EnterSubblock(bitc::MODULE_BLOCK_ID, 3);

  SmallVector<unsigned, 1> Vals;
  unsigned CurVersion = 1;
  Vals.push_back(CurVersion);
  Stream.EmitRecord(bitc::MODULE_CODE_VERSION, Vals);

  // Analyze the module, enumerating globals, functions, etc.
  ValueEnumerator VE(*M);

  // Emit blockinfo, which defines the standard abbreviations etc.
  WriteBlockInfo(VE, Stream);

  // Emit information about attribute groups.
  WriteAttributeGroupTable(VE, Stream);

  // Emit information about parameter attributes.
  WriteAttributeTable(VE, Stream);

  // Emit information describing all of the types in the module.
  WriteTypeTable(VE, Stream);

  writeComdats(VE, Stream);

  // Emit top-level description of module, including target triple, inline asm,
  // descriptors for global variables, and function prototype info.
  WriteModuleInfo(M, VE, Stream);

  // Emit constants.
  WriteModuleConstants(VE, Stream);

  // Emit metadata.
  WriteModuleMetadata(M, VE, Stream);

  // Emit metadata.
  WriteModuleMetadataStore(M, Stream);

  // Emit names for globals/functions etc.
  WriteValueSymbolTable(M->getValueSymbolTable(), VE, Stream);

  // Emit module-level use-lists.
  if (shouldPreserveBitcodeUseListOrder())
    WriteUseListBlock(nullptr, VE, Stream);

  // Emit function bodies.
  for (Module::const_iterator F = M->begin(), E = M->end(); F != E; ++F)
    if (!F->isDeclaration())
      WriteFunction(*F, VE, Stream);

  Stream.ExitBlock();
}

/// EmitDarwinBCHeader - If generating a bc file on darwin, we have to emit a
/// header and trailer to make it compatible with the system archiver.  To do
/// this we emit the following header, and then emit a trailer that pads the
/// file out to be a multiple of 16 bytes.
///
/// struct bc_header {
///   uint32_t Magic;         // 0x0B17C0DE
///   uint32_t Version;       // Version, currently always 0.
///   uint32_t BitcodeOffset; // Offset to traditional bitcode file.
///   uint32_t BitcodeSize;   // Size of traditional bitcode file.
///   uint32_t CPUType;       // CPU specifier.
///   ... potentially more later ...
/// };
enum {
  DarwinBCSizeFieldOffset = 3*4, // Offset to bitcode_size.
  DarwinBCHeaderSize = 5*4
};

static void WriteInt32ToBuffer(uint32_t Value, SmallVectorImpl<char> &Buffer,
                               uint32_t &Position) {
  Buffer[Position + 0] = (unsigned char) (Value >>  0);
  Buffer[Position + 1] = (unsigned char) (Value >>  8);
  Buffer[Position + 2] = (unsigned char) (Value >> 16);
  Buffer[Position + 3] = (unsigned char) (Value >> 24);
  Position += 4;
}

static void EmitDarwinBCHeaderAndTrailer(SmallVectorImpl<char> &Buffer,
                                         const Triple &TT) {
  unsigned CPUType = ~0U;

  // Match x86_64-*, i[3-9]86-*, powerpc-*, powerpc64-*, arm-*, thumb-*,
  // armv[0-9]-*, thumbv[0-9]-*, armv5te-*, or armv6t2-*. The CPUType is a magic
  // number from /usr/include/mach/machine.h.  It is ok to reproduce the
  // specific constants here because they are implicitly part of the Darwin ABI.
  enum {
    DARWIN_CPU_ARCH_ABI64      = 0x01000000,
    DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_X86        = 7,
    DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_ARM        = 12,
    DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_POWERPC    = 18
  };

  Triple::ArchType Arch = TT.getArch();
  if (Arch == Triple::x86_64)
    CPUType = DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_X86 | DARWIN_CPU_ARCH_ABI64;
  else if (Arch == Triple::x86)
    CPUType = DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_X86;
  else if (Arch == Triple::ppc)
    CPUType = DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_POWERPC;
  else if (Arch == Triple::ppc64)
    CPUType = DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_POWERPC | DARWIN_CPU_ARCH_ABI64;
  else if (Arch == Triple::arm || Arch == Triple::thumb)
    CPUType = DARWIN_CPU_TYPE_ARM;

  // Traditional Bitcode starts after header.
  assert(Buffer.size() >= DarwinBCHeaderSize &&
         "Expected header size to be reserved");
  unsigned BCOffset = DarwinBCHeaderSize;
  unsigned BCSize = Buffer.size()-DarwinBCHeaderSize;

  // Write the magic and version.
  unsigned Position = 0;
  WriteInt32ToBuffer(0x0B17C0DE , Buffer, Position);
  WriteInt32ToBuffer(0          , Buffer, Position); // Version.
  WriteInt32ToBuffer(BCOffset   , Buffer, Position);
  WriteInt32ToBuffer(BCSize     , Buffer, Position);
  WriteInt32ToBuffer(CPUType    , Buffer, Position);

  // If the file is not a multiple of 16 bytes, insert dummy padding.
  while (Buffer.size() & 15)
    Buffer.push_back(0);
}

/// WriteBitcodeToFile - Write the specified module to the specified output
/// stream.
void llvm::WriteBitcodeToFile(const Module *M, raw_ostream &Out) {
  SmallVector<char, 0> Buffer;
  Buffer.reserve(256*1024);

  // If this is darwin or another generic macho target, reserve space for the
  // header.
  Triple TT(M->getTargetTriple());
  if (TT.isOSDarwin())
    Buffer.insert(Buffer.begin(), DarwinBCHeaderSize, 0);

  // Emit the module into the buffer.
  {
    BitstreamWriter Stream(Buffer);

    // Emit the file header.
    Stream.Emit((unsigned)'B', 8);
    Stream.Emit((unsigned)'C', 8);
    Stream.Emit(0x0, 4);
    Stream.Emit(0xC, 4);
    Stream.Emit(0xE, 4);
    Stream.Emit(0xD, 4);

    // Emit the module.
    WriteModule(M, Stream);
  }

  if (TT.isOSDarwin())
    EmitDarwinBCHeaderAndTrailer(Buffer, TT);

  // Write the generated bitstream to "Out".
  Out.write((char*)&Buffer.front(), Buffer.size());
}