android-emu/android/base/fit/FunctionInternal.h

// Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Copyright 2017 The Fuchsia Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#pragma once

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <memory>

#include "Nullable.h"

#include <new>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>

namespace android::base {
namespace fit {
namespace internal {

template <typename Result, typename... Args>
struct target_ops final {
    const void* (*target_type_id)(void* bits, const void* impl_ops);
    void* (*get)(void* bits);
    Result (*invoke)(void* bits, Args... args);
    void (*move)(void* from_bits, void* to_bits);
    void (*destroy)(void* bits);
};

template <typename Callable, bool is_inline, bool is_shared, typename Result, typename... Args>
struct target;

inline const void* unshared_target_type_id(void* bits, const void* impl_ops) {
    return impl_ops;
}

// vtable for nullptr (empty target function)

template <typename Result, typename... Args>
struct target<decltype(nullptr),
              /*is_inline=*/true,
              /*is_shared=*/false,
              Result,
              Args...>
    final {
    static Result invoke(void* bits, Args... args) { __builtin_abort(); }

    static const target_ops<Result, Args...> ops;
};

inline void* null_target_get(void* bits) {
    return nullptr;
}
inline void null_target_move(void* from_bits, void* to_bits) {}
inline void null_target_destroy(void* bits) {}

template <typename Result, typename... Args>
constexpr target_ops<Result, Args...> target<decltype(nullptr),
                                             /*is_inline=*/true,
                                             /*is_shared=*/false,
                                             Result,
                                             Args...>::ops = {
    &unshared_target_type_id, &null_target_get, &target::invoke, &null_target_move,
    &null_target_destroy};

// vtable for inline target function

template <typename Callable, typename Result, typename... Args>
struct target<Callable,
              /*is_inline=*/true,
              /*is_shared=*/false,
              Result,
              Args...>
    final {
    template <typename Callable_>
    static void initialize(void* bits, Callable_&& target) {
        new (bits) Callable(std::forward<Callable_>(target));
    }
    static Result invoke(void* bits, Args... args) {
        auto& target = *static_cast<Callable*>(bits);
        return target(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
    static void move(void* from_bits, void* to_bits) {
        auto& from_target = *static_cast<Callable*>(from_bits);
        new (to_bits) Callable(std::move(from_target));
        from_target.~Callable();
    }
    static void destroy(void* bits) {
        auto& target = *static_cast<Callable*>(bits);
        target.~Callable();
    }

    static const target_ops<Result, Args...> ops;
};

inline void* inline_target_get(void* bits) {
    return bits;
}

template <typename Callable, typename Result, typename... Args>
constexpr target_ops<Result, Args...> target<Callable,
                                             /*is_inline=*/true,
                                             /*is_shared=*/false,
                                             Result,
                                             Args...>::ops = {
    &unshared_target_type_id, &inline_target_get, &target::invoke, &target::move, &target::destroy};

// vtable for pointer to target function

template <typename Callable, typename Result, typename... Args>
struct target<Callable,
              /*is_inline=*/false,
              /*is_shared=*/false,
              Result,
              Args...>
    final {
    template <typename Callable_>
    static void initialize(void* bits, Callable_&& target) {
        auto ptr = static_cast<Callable**>(bits);
        *ptr = new Callable(std::forward<Callable_>(target));
    }
    static Result invoke(void* bits, Args... args) {
        auto& target = **static_cast<Callable**>(bits);
        return target(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
    static void move(void* from_bits, void* to_bits) {
        auto from_ptr = static_cast<Callable**>(from_bits);
        auto to_ptr = static_cast<Callable**>(to_bits);
        *to_ptr = *from_ptr;
    }
    static void destroy(void* bits) {
        auto ptr = static_cast<Callable**>(bits);
        delete *ptr;
    }

    static const target_ops<Result, Args...> ops;
};

inline void* heap_target_get(void* bits) {
    return *static_cast<void**>(bits);
}

template <typename Callable, typename Result, typename... Args>
constexpr target_ops<Result, Args...> target<Callable,
                                             /*is_inline=*/false,
                                             /*is_shared=*/false,
                                             Result,
                                             Args...>::ops = {
    &unshared_target_type_id, &heap_target_get, &target::invoke, &target::move, &target::destroy};

// vtable for fit::function std::shared_ptr to target function

template <typename SharedFunction>
const void* get_target_type_id(const SharedFunction& function_or_callback) {
    return function_or_callback.target_type_id();
}

// For this vtable,
// Callable by definition will be either a fit::function or fit::callback
template <typename SharedFunction, typename Result, typename... Args>
struct target<SharedFunction,
              /*is_inline=*/false,
              /*is_shared=*/true,
              Result,
              Args...>
    final {
    static void initialize(void* bits, SharedFunction target) {
        new (bits) std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>(
            std::move(std::make_shared<SharedFunction>(std::move(target))));
    }
    static void copy_shared_ptr(void* from_bits, void* to_bits) {
        auto& from_shared_ptr = *static_cast<std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>*>(from_bits);
        new (to_bits) std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>(from_shared_ptr);
    }
    static const void* target_type_id(void* bits, const void* impl_ops) {
        auto& function_or_callback = **static_cast<std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>*>(bits);
        return ::android::base::fit::internal::get_target_type_id(function_or_callback);
    }
    static void* get(void* bits) {
        auto& function_or_callback = **static_cast<std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>*>(bits);
        return function_or_callback.template target<SharedFunction>(
            /*check=*/false);  // void* will fail the check
    }
    static Result invoke(void* bits, Args... args) {
        auto& function_or_callback = **static_cast<std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>*>(bits);
        return function_or_callback(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
    static void move(void* from_bits, void* to_bits) {
        auto from_shared_ptr = std::move(*static_cast<std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>*>(from_bits));
        new (to_bits) std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>(std::move(from_shared_ptr));
    }
    static void destroy(void* bits) {
        static_cast<std::shared_ptr<SharedFunction>*>(bits)->reset();
    }

    static const target_ops<Result, Args...> ops;
};

template <typename SharedFunction, typename Result, typename... Args>
constexpr target_ops<Result, Args...> target<SharedFunction,
                                             /*is_inline=*/false,
                                             /*is_shared=*/true,
                                             Result,
                                             Args...>::ops = {
    &target::target_type_id, &target::get, &target::invoke, &target::move, &target::destroy};

template <size_t inline_target_size, bool requireInline, typename Result, typename... Args>
class function_base;

// Function implementation details.
// See |fit::function| and |fit::callback| documentation for more information.
template <size_t inline_target_size, bool requireInline, typename Result, typename... Args>
class function_base<inline_target_size, requireInline, Result(Args...)> {
    using ops_type = const target_ops<Result, Args...>*;
    using storage_type = typename std::aligned_storage<(
        inline_target_size >= sizeof(void*) ? inline_target_size : sizeof(void*))>::
        type;  // avoid including <algorithm> for max
    template <typename Callable>
    using target_type = target<Callable,
                               (sizeof(Callable) <= sizeof(storage_type)),
                               /*is_shared=*/false,
                               Result,
                               Args...>;
    template <typename SharedFunction>
    using shared_target_type = target<SharedFunction,
                                      /*is_inline=*/false,
                                      /*is_shared=*/true,
                                      Result,
                                      Args...>;
    using null_target_type = target_type<decltype(nullptr)>;

protected:
    using result_type = Result;

    function_base() { initialize_null_target(); }

    function_base(decltype(nullptr)) { initialize_null_target(); }

    function_base(Result (*target)(Args...)) { initialize_target(target); }

    template <typename Callable,
              typename = std::enable_if_t<
                  std::is_convertible<decltype(std::declval<Callable&>()(std::declval<Args>()...)),
                                      result_type>::value>>
    function_base(Callable&& target) {
        initialize_target(std::forward<Callable>(target));
    }

    function_base(function_base&& other) { move_target_from(std::move(other)); }

    ~function_base() { destroy_target(); }

    // Returns true if the function has a non-empty target.
    explicit operator bool() const { return ops_->get(&bits_) != nullptr; }

    // Returns a pointer to the function's target.
    // If |check| is true (the default), the function _may_ abort if the
    // caller tries to assign the target to a varible of the wrong type. (This
    // check is currently skipped for share()d objects.)
    // Note the shared pointer vtable must set |check| to false to assign the
    // target to |void*|.
    template <typename Callable>
    Callable* target(bool check = true) {
        if (check)
            check_target_type<Callable>();
        return static_cast<Callable*>(ops_->get(&bits_));
    }

    // Returns a pointer to the function's target (const version).
    // If |check| is true (the default), the function _may_ abort if the
    // caller tries to assign the target to a varible of the wrong type. (This
    // check is currently skipped for share()d objects.)
    // Note the shared pointer vtable must set |check| to false to assign the
    // target to |void*|.
    template <typename Callable>
    const Callable* target(bool check = true) const {
        if (check)
            check_target_type<Callable>();
        return static_cast<Callable*>(ops_->get(&bits_));
    }

    // Used by the derived "impl" classes to implement share().
    //
    // The caller creates a new object of the same type as itself, and passes in
    // the empty object. This function first checks if |this| is already shared,
    // and if not, creates a new version of itself containing a
    // |std::shared_ptr| to its original self, and updates |ops_| to the vtable
    // for the shared version.
    //
    // Then it copies its |shared_ptr| to the |bits_| of the given |copy|,
    // and assigns the same shared pointer vtable to the copy's |ops_|.
    //
    // The target itself is not copied; it is moved to the heap and its
    // lifetime is extended until all references have been released.
    //
    // Note: This method is not supported on |fit::InlineFunction<>|
    //       because it may incur a heap allocation which is contrary to
    //       the stated purpose of |fit::InlineFunction<>|.
    template <typename SharedFunction>
    void share_with(SharedFunction& copy) {
        static_assert(!requireInline, "Inline functions cannot be shared.");
        if (ops_->get(&bits_) != nullptr) {
            if (ops_ != &shared_target_type<SharedFunction>::ops) {
                convert_to_shared_target<SharedFunction>();
            }
            copy_shared_target_to(copy);
        }
    }

    // Used by derived "impl" classes to implement operator()().
    // Invokes the function's target.
    // Note that fit::callback will release the target immediately after
    // invoke() (also affecting any share()d copies).
    // Aborts if the function's target is empty.
    Result invoke(Args... args) const { return ops_->invoke(&bits_, std::forward<Args>(args)...); }

    // Used by derived "impl" classes to implement operator=().
    // Assigns an empty target.
    void assign(decltype(nullptr)) {
        destroy_target();
        initialize_null_target();
    }

    // Used by derived "impl" classes to implement operator=().
    // Assigns the function's target.
    // If target == nullptr, assigns an empty target.
    template <typename Callable,
              typename = std::enable_if_t<
                  std::is_convertible<decltype(std::declval<Callable&>()(std::declval<Args>()...)),
                                      result_type>::value>>
    void assign(Callable&& target) {
        destroy_target();
        initialize_target(std::forward<Callable>(target));
    }

    // Used by derived "impl" classes to implement operator=().
    // Assigns the function with a target moved from another function,
    // leaving the other function with an empty target.
    void assign(function_base&& other) {
        destroy_target();
        move_target_from(std::move(other));
    }

    void swap(function_base& other) {
        if (&other == this)
            return;
        ops_type temp_ops = ops_;
        storage_type temp_bits;
        ops_->move(&bits_, &temp_bits);

        ops_ = other.ops_;
        other.ops_->move(&other.bits_, &bits_);

        other.ops_ = temp_ops;
        temp_ops->move(&temp_bits, &other.bits_);
    }

    // returns an opaque ID unique to the |Callable| type of the target.
    // Used by check_target_type.
    const void* target_type_id() const { return ops_->target_type_id(&bits_, ops_); }

    // Deleted copy constructor and assign. |function_base| implementations are
    // move-only.
    function_base(const function_base& other) = delete;
    function_base& operator=(const function_base& other) = delete;

    // Move assignment must be provided by subclasses.
    function_base& operator=(function_base&& other) = delete;

private:
    // Implements the move operation, used by move construction and move
    // assignment. Leaves other target initialized to null.
    void move_target_from(function_base&& other) {
        ops_ = other.ops_;
        other.ops_->move(&other.bits_, &bits_);
        other.initialize_null_target();
    }

    // fit::function and fit::callback are not directly copyable, but share()
    // will create shared references to the original object. This method
    // implements the copy operation for the |std::shared_ptr| wrapper.
    template <typename SharedFunction>
    void copy_shared_target_to(SharedFunction& copy) {
        copy.destroy_target();
        assert(ops_ == &shared_target_type<SharedFunction>::ops);
        shared_target_type<SharedFunction>::copy_shared_ptr(&bits_, &copy.bits_);
        copy.ops_ = ops_;
    }

    // assumes target is uninitialized
    void initialize_null_target() { ops_ = &null_target_type::ops; }

    // target may or may not be initialized.
    template <typename Callable>
    void initialize_target(Callable&& target) {
        // Convert function or function references to function pointer.
        using DecayedCallable = std::decay_t<Callable>;
        static_assert(
            std::alignment_of<DecayedCallable>::value <= std::alignment_of<storage_type>::value,
            "Alignment of Callable must be <= alignment of max_align_t.");
        static_assert(!requireInline || sizeof(DecayedCallable) <= inline_target_size,
                      "Callable too large to store inline as requested.");
        if (is_null(target)) {
            initialize_null_target();
        } else {
            ops_ = &target_type<DecayedCallable>::ops;
            target_type<DecayedCallable>::initialize(&bits_, std::forward<Callable>(target));
        }
    }

    // assumes target is uninitialized
    template <typename SharedFunction>
    void convert_to_shared_target() {
        shared_target_type<SharedFunction>::initialize(
            &bits_, std::move(*static_cast<SharedFunction*>(this)));
        ops_ = &shared_target_type<SharedFunction>::ops;
    }

    // leaves target uninitialized
    void destroy_target() { ops_->destroy(&bits_); }

    // Called by target() if |check| is true.
    // Checks the template parameter, usually inferred from the context of
    // the call to target(), and aborts the program if it can determine that
    // the Callable type is not compatible with the function's Result and Args.
    template <typename Callable>
    void check_target_type() const {
        if (target_type<Callable>::ops.target_type_id(nullptr, &target_type<Callable>::ops) !=
            target_type_id()) {
            __builtin_abort();
        }
    }

    ops_type ops_;
    mutable storage_type bits_;
};

}  // namespace internal

}  // namespace fit
}  // namespace android::base