src/platform-linux.cc

// Copyright 2012 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
//       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
//       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
//       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
//       with the distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
//       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
//       from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// Platform specific code for Linux goes here. For the POSIX comaptible parts
// the implementation is in platform-posix.cc.

#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(__GLIBC__) && !defined(__UCLIBC__)
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <cxxabi.h>
#endif

// Ubuntu Dapper requires memory pages to be marked as
// executable. Otherwise, OS raises an exception when executing code
// in that page.
#include <sys/types.h>  // mmap & munmap
#include <sys/mman.h>   // mmap & munmap
#include <sys/stat.h>   // open
#include <fcntl.h>      // open
#include <unistd.h>     // sysconf
#include <strings.h>    // index
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

// GLibc on ARM defines mcontext_t has a typedef for 'struct sigcontext'.
// Old versions of the C library <signal.h> didn't define the type.
#if defined(__ANDROID__) && !defined(__BIONIC_HAVE_UCONTEXT_T) && \
    defined(__arm__) && !defined(__BIONIC_HAVE_STRUCT_SIGCONTEXT)
#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
#endif

#undef MAP_TYPE

#include "v8.h"

#include "platform-posix.h"
#include "platform.h"
#include "v8threads.h"
#include "vm-state-inl.h"


namespace v8 {
namespace internal {


static Mutex* limit_mutex = NULL;


#ifdef __arm__
static bool CPUInfoContainsString(const char * search_string) {
  const char* file_name = "/proc/cpuinfo";
  // This is written as a straight shot one pass parser
  // and not using STL string and ifstream because,
  // on Linux, it's reading from a (non-mmap-able)
  // character special device.
  FILE* f = NULL;
  const char* what = search_string;

  if (NULL == (f = fopen(file_name, "r"))) {
    OS::PrintError("Failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n");
    return false;
  }

  int k;
  while (EOF != (k = fgetc(f))) {
    if (k == *what) {
      ++what;
      while ((*what != '\0') && (*what == fgetc(f))) {
        ++what;
      }
      if (*what == '\0') {
        fclose(f);
        return true;
      } else {
        what = search_string;
      }
    }
  }
  fclose(f);

  // Did not find string in the proc file.
  return false;
}


bool OS::ArmCpuHasFeature(CpuFeature feature) {
  const char* search_string = NULL;
  // Simple detection of VFP at runtime for Linux.
  // It is based on /proc/cpuinfo, which reveals hardware configuration
  // to user-space applications.  According to ARM (mid 2009), no similar
  // facility is universally available on the ARM architectures,
  // so it's up to individual OSes to provide such.
  switch (feature) {
    case VFP3:
      search_string = "vfpv3";
      break;
    case NEON:
      search_string = "neon";
      break;
    case ARMv7:
      search_string = "ARMv7";
      break;
    case SUDIV:
      search_string = "idiva";
      break;
    case VFP32DREGS:
      // This case is handled specially below.
      break;
    default:
      UNREACHABLE();
  }

  if (feature == VFP32DREGS) {
    return ArmCpuHasFeature(VFP3) && !CPUInfoContainsString("d16");
  }

  if (CPUInfoContainsString(search_string)) {
    return true;
  }

  if (feature == VFP3) {
    // Some old kernels will report vfp not vfpv3. Here we make a last attempt
    // to detect vfpv3 by checking for vfp *and* neon, since neon is only
    // available on architectures with vfpv3.
    // Checking neon on its own is not enough as it is possible to have neon
    // without vfp.
    if (CPUInfoContainsString("vfp") && CPUInfoContainsString("neon")) {
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}


CpuImplementer OS::GetCpuImplementer() {
  static bool use_cached_value = false;
  static CpuImplementer cached_value = UNKNOWN_IMPLEMENTER;
  if (use_cached_value) {
    return cached_value;
  }
  if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU implementer\t: 0x41")) {
    cached_value = ARM_IMPLEMENTER;
  } else if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU implementer\t: 0x51")) {
    cached_value = QUALCOMM_IMPLEMENTER;
  } else {
    cached_value = UNKNOWN_IMPLEMENTER;
  }
  use_cached_value = true;
  return cached_value;
}


CpuPart OS::GetCpuPart(CpuImplementer implementer) {
  static bool use_cached_value = false;
  static CpuPart cached_value = CPU_UNKNOWN;
  if (use_cached_value) {
    return cached_value;
  }
  if (implementer == ARM_IMPLEMENTER) {
    if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU part\t: 0xc0f")) {
      cached_value = CORTEX_A15;
    } else if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU part\t: 0xc0c")) {
      cached_value = CORTEX_A12;
    } else if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU part\t: 0xc09")) {
      cached_value = CORTEX_A9;
    } else if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU part\t: 0xc08")) {
      cached_value = CORTEX_A8;
    } else if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU part\t: 0xc07")) {
      cached_value = CORTEX_A7;
    } else if (CPUInfoContainsString("CPU part\t: 0xc05")) {
      cached_value = CORTEX_A5;
    } else {
      cached_value = CPU_UNKNOWN;
    }
  } else {
    cached_value = CPU_UNKNOWN;
  }
  use_cached_value = true;
  return cached_value;
}


bool OS::ArmUsingHardFloat() {
  // GCC versions 4.6 and above define __ARM_PCS or __ARM_PCS_VFP to specify
  // the Floating Point ABI used (PCS stands for Procedure Call Standard).
  // We use these as well as a couple of other defines to statically determine
  // what FP ABI used.
  // GCC versions 4.4 and below don't support hard-fp.
  // GCC versions 4.5 may support hard-fp without defining __ARM_PCS or
  // __ARM_PCS_VFP.

#define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 10000                                          \
                     + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100                                    \
                     + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
#if GCC_VERSION >= 40600
#if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP)
  return true;
#else
  return false;
#endif

#elif GCC_VERSION < 40500
  return false;

#else
#if defined(__ARM_PCS_VFP)
  return true;
#elif defined(__ARM_PCS) || defined(__SOFTFP__) || defined(__SOFTFP) || \
      !defined(__VFP_FP__)
  return false;
#else
#error "Your version of GCC does not report the FP ABI compiled for."          \
       "Please report it on this issue"                                        \
       "http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2140"

#endif
#endif
#undef GCC_VERSION
}

#endif  // def __arm__


#ifdef __mips__
bool OS::MipsCpuHasFeature(CpuFeature feature) {
  const char* search_string = NULL;
  const char* file_name = "/proc/cpuinfo";
  // Simple detection of FPU at runtime for Linux.
  // It is based on /proc/cpuinfo, which reveals hardware configuration
  // to user-space applications.  According to MIPS (early 2010), no similar
  // facility is universally available on the MIPS architectures,
  // so it's up to individual OSes to provide such.
  //
  // This is written as a straight shot one pass parser
  // and not using STL string and ifstream because,
  // on Linux, it's reading from a (non-mmap-able)
  // character special device.

  switch (feature) {
    case FPU:
      search_string = "FPU";
      break;
    default:
      UNREACHABLE();
  }

  FILE* f = NULL;
  const char* what = search_string;

  if (NULL == (f = fopen(file_name, "r"))) {
    OS::PrintError("Failed to open /proc/cpuinfo\n");
    return false;
  }

  int k;
  while (EOF != (k = fgetc(f))) {
    if (k == *what) {
      ++what;
      while ((*what != '\0') && (*what == fgetc(f))) {
        ++what;
      }
      if (*what == '\0') {
        fclose(f);
        return true;
      } else {
        what = search_string;
      }
    }
  }
  fclose(f);

  // Did not find string in the proc file.
  return false;
}
#endif  // def __mips__


const char* OS::LocalTimezone(double time) {
  if (std::isnan(time)) return "";
  time_t tv = static_cast<time_t>(floor(time/msPerSecond));
  struct tm* t = localtime(&tv);
  if (NULL == t) return "";
  return t->tm_zone;
}


double OS::LocalTimeOffset() {
  time_t tv = time(NULL);
  struct tm* t = localtime(&tv);
  // tm_gmtoff includes any daylight savings offset, so subtract it.
  return static_cast<double>(t->tm_gmtoff * msPerSecond -
                             (t->tm_isdst > 0 ? 3600 * msPerSecond : 0));
}


// We keep the lowest and highest addresses mapped as a quick way of
// determining that pointers are outside the heap (used mostly in assertions
// and verification).  The estimate is conservative, i.e., not all addresses in
// 'allocated' space are actually allocated to our heap.  The range is
// [lowest, highest), inclusive on the low and and exclusive on the high end.
static void* lowest_ever_allocated = reinterpret_cast<void*>(-1);
static void* highest_ever_allocated = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0);


static void UpdateAllocatedSpaceLimits(void* address, int size) {
  ASSERT(limit_mutex != NULL);
  ScopedLock lock(limit_mutex);

  lowest_ever_allocated = Min(lowest_ever_allocated, address);
  highest_ever_allocated =
      Max(highest_ever_allocated,
          reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(address) + size));
}


bool OS::IsOutsideAllocatedSpace(void* address) {
  return address < lowest_ever_allocated || address >= highest_ever_allocated;
}


void* OS::Allocate(const size_t requested,
                   size_t* allocated,
                   bool is_executable) {
  const size_t msize = RoundUp(requested, AllocateAlignment());
  int prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | (is_executable ? PROT_EXEC : 0);
  void* addr = OS::GetRandomMmapAddr();
  void* mbase = mmap(addr, msize, prot, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
  if (mbase == MAP_FAILED) {
    LOG(i::Isolate::Current(),
        StringEvent("OS::Allocate", "mmap failed"));
    return NULL;
  }
  *allocated = msize;
  UpdateAllocatedSpaceLimits(mbase, msize);
  return mbase;
}


void OS::DumpBacktrace() {
  // backtrace is a glibc extension.
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && !defined(__UCLIBC__)
  POSIXBacktraceHelper<backtrace, backtrace_symbols>::DumpBacktrace();
#endif
}


class PosixMemoryMappedFile : public OS::MemoryMappedFile {
 public:
  PosixMemoryMappedFile(FILE* file, void* memory, int size)
    : file_(file), memory_(memory), size_(size) { }
  virtual ~PosixMemoryMappedFile();
  virtual void* memory() { return memory_; }
  virtual int size() { return size_; }
 private:
  FILE* file_;
  void* memory_;
  int size_;
};


OS::MemoryMappedFile* OS::MemoryMappedFile::open(const char* name) {
  FILE* file = fopen(name, "r+");
  if (file == NULL) return NULL;

  fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
  int size = ftell(file);

  void* memory =
      mmap(OS::GetRandomMmapAddr(),
           size,
           PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
           MAP_SHARED,
           fileno(file),
           0);
  return new PosixMemoryMappedFile(file, memory, size);
}


OS::MemoryMappedFile* OS::MemoryMappedFile::create(const char* name, int size,
    void* initial) {
  FILE* file = fopen(name, "w+");
  if (file == NULL) return NULL;
  int result = fwrite(initial, size, 1, file);
  if (result < 1) {
    fclose(file);
    return NULL;
  }
  void* memory =
      mmap(OS::GetRandomMmapAddr(),
           size,
           PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
           MAP_SHARED,
           fileno(file),
           0);
  return new PosixMemoryMappedFile(file, memory, size);
}


PosixMemoryMappedFile::~PosixMemoryMappedFile() {
  if (memory_) OS::Free(memory_, size_);
  fclose(file_);
}


void OS::LogSharedLibraryAddresses() {
  // This function assumes that the layout of the file is as follows:
  // hex_start_addr-hex_end_addr rwxp <unused data> [binary_file_name]
  // If we encounter an unexpected situation we abort scanning further entries.
  FILE* fp = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
  if (fp == NULL) return;

  // Allocate enough room to be able to store a full file name.
  const int kLibNameLen = FILENAME_MAX + 1;
  char* lib_name = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(kLibNameLen));

  i::Isolate* isolate = ISOLATE;
  // This loop will terminate once the scanning hits an EOF.
  while (true) {
    uintptr_t start, end;
    char attr_r, attr_w, attr_x, attr_p;
    // Parse the addresses and permission bits at the beginning of the line.
    if (fscanf(fp, "%" V8PRIxPTR "-%" V8PRIxPTR, &start, &end) != 2) break;
    if (fscanf(fp, " %c%c%c%c", &attr_r, &attr_w, &attr_x, &attr_p) != 4) break;

    int c;
    if (attr_r == 'r' && attr_w != 'w' && attr_x == 'x') {
      // Found a read-only executable entry. Skip characters until we reach
      // the beginning of the filename or the end of the line.
      do {
        c = getc(fp);
      } while ((c != EOF) && (c != '\n') && (c != '/') && (c != '['));
      if (c == EOF) break;  // EOF: Was unexpected, just exit.

      // Process the filename if found.
      if ((c == '/') || (c == '[')) {
        // Push the '/' or '[' back into the stream to be read below.
        ungetc(c, fp);

        // Read to the end of the line. Exit if the read fails.
        if (fgets(lib_name, kLibNameLen, fp) == NULL) break;

        // Drop the newline character read by fgets. We do not need to check
        // for a zero-length string because we know that we at least read the
        // '/' or '[' character.
        lib_name[strlen(lib_name) - 1] = '\0';
      } else {
        // No library name found, just record the raw address range.
        snprintf(lib_name, kLibNameLen,
                 "%08" V8PRIxPTR "-%08" V8PRIxPTR, start, end);
      }
      LOG(isolate, SharedLibraryEvent(lib_name, start, end));
    } else {
      // Entry not describing executable data. Skip to end of line to set up
      // reading the next entry.
      do {
        c = getc(fp);
      } while ((c != EOF) && (c != '\n'));
      if (c == EOF) break;
    }
  }
  free(lib_name);
  fclose(fp);
}


void OS::SignalCodeMovingGC() {
  // Support for ll_prof.py.
  //
  // The Linux profiler built into the kernel logs all mmap's with
  // PROT_EXEC so that analysis tools can properly attribute ticks. We
  // do a mmap with a name known by ll_prof.py and immediately munmap
  // it. This injects a GC marker into the stream of events generated
  // by the kernel and allows us to synchronize V8 code log and the
  // kernel log.
  int size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
  FILE* f = fopen(FLAG_gc_fake_mmap, "w+");
  if (f == NULL) {
    OS::PrintError("Failed to open %s\n", FLAG_gc_fake_mmap);
    OS::Abort();
  }
  void* addr = mmap(OS::GetRandomMmapAddr(),
                    size,
#if defined(__native_client__)
                    // The Native Client port of V8 uses an interpreter,
                    // so code pages don't need PROT_EXEC.
                    PROT_READ,
#else
                    PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC,
#endif
                    MAP_PRIVATE,
                    fileno(f),
                    0);
  ASSERT(addr != MAP_FAILED);
  OS::Free(addr, size);
  fclose(f);
}


int OS::StackWalk(Vector<OS::StackFrame> frames) {
  // backtrace is a glibc extension.
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && !defined(__UCLIBC__)
  return POSIXBacktraceHelper<backtrace, backtrace_symbols>::StackWalk(frames);
#else
  return 0;
#endif
}


// Constants used for mmap.
static const int kMmapFd = -1;
static const int kMmapFdOffset = 0;


VirtualMemory::VirtualMemory() : address_(NULL), size_(0) { }


VirtualMemory::VirtualMemory(size_t size)
    : address_(ReserveRegion(size)), size_(size) { }


VirtualMemory::VirtualMemory(size_t size, size_t alignment)
    : address_(NULL), size_(0) {
  ASSERT(IsAligned(alignment, static_cast<intptr_t>(OS::AllocateAlignment())));
  size_t request_size = RoundUp(size + alignment,
                                static_cast<intptr_t>(OS::AllocateAlignment()));
  void* reservation = mmap(OS::GetRandomMmapAddr(),
                           request_size,
                           PROT_NONE,
                           MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE,
                           kMmapFd,
                           kMmapFdOffset);
  if (reservation == MAP_FAILED) return;

  Address base = static_cast<Address>(reservation);
  Address aligned_base = RoundUp(base, alignment);
  ASSERT_LE(base, aligned_base);

  // Unmap extra memory reserved before and after the desired block.
  if (aligned_base != base) {
    size_t prefix_size = static_cast<size_t>(aligned_base - base);
    OS::Free(base, prefix_size);
    request_size -= prefix_size;
  }

  size_t aligned_size = RoundUp(size, OS::AllocateAlignment());
  ASSERT_LE(aligned_size, request_size);

  if (aligned_size != request_size) {
    size_t suffix_size = request_size - aligned_size;
    OS::Free(aligned_base + aligned_size, suffix_size);
    request_size -= suffix_size;
  }

  ASSERT(aligned_size == request_size);

  address_ = static_cast<void*>(aligned_base);
  size_ = aligned_size;
}


VirtualMemory::~VirtualMemory() {
  if (IsReserved()) {
    bool result = ReleaseRegion(address(), size());
    ASSERT(result);
    USE(result);
  }
}


bool VirtualMemory::IsReserved() {
  return address_ != NULL;
}


void VirtualMemory::Reset() {
  address_ = NULL;
  size_ = 0;
}


bool VirtualMemory::Commit(void* address, size_t size, bool is_executable) {
  return CommitRegion(address, size, is_executable);
}


bool VirtualMemory::Uncommit(void* address, size_t size) {
  return UncommitRegion(address, size);
}


bool VirtualMemory::Guard(void* address) {
  OS::Guard(address, OS::CommitPageSize());
  return true;
}


void* VirtualMemory::ReserveRegion(size_t size) {
  void* result = mmap(OS::GetRandomMmapAddr(),
                      size,
                      PROT_NONE,
                      MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE,
                      kMmapFd,
                      kMmapFdOffset);

  if (result == MAP_FAILED) return NULL;

  return result;
}


bool VirtualMemory::CommitRegion(void* base, size_t size, bool is_executable) {
#if defined(__native_client__)
  // The Native Client port of V8 uses an interpreter,
  // so code pages don't need PROT_EXEC.
  int prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
#else
  int prot = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | (is_executable ? PROT_EXEC : 0);
#endif
  if (MAP_FAILED == mmap(base,
                         size,
                         prot,
                         MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED,
                         kMmapFd,
                         kMmapFdOffset)) {
    return false;
  }

  UpdateAllocatedSpaceLimits(base, size);
  return true;
}


bool VirtualMemory::UncommitRegion(void* base, size_t size) {
  return mmap(base,
              size,
              PROT_NONE,
              MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_NORESERVE | MAP_FIXED,
              kMmapFd,
              kMmapFdOffset) != MAP_FAILED;
}


bool VirtualMemory::ReleaseRegion(void* base, size_t size) {
  return munmap(base, size) == 0;
}


bool VirtualMemory::HasLazyCommits() {
  return true;
}


class LinuxSemaphore : public Semaphore {
 public:
  explicit LinuxSemaphore(int count) {  sem_init(&sem_, 0, count); }
  virtual ~LinuxSemaphore() { sem_destroy(&sem_); }

  virtual void Wait();
  virtual bool Wait(int timeout);
  virtual void Signal() { sem_post(&sem_); }
 private:
  sem_t sem_;
};


void LinuxSemaphore::Wait() {
  while (true) {
    int result = sem_wait(&sem_);
    if (result == 0) return;  // Successfully got semaphore.
    CHECK(result == -1 && errno == EINTR);  // Signal caused spurious wakeup.
  }
}


#ifndef TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC
#define TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(tv, ts) do {                            \
    (ts)->tv_sec = (tv)->tv_sec;                                    \
    (ts)->tv_nsec = (tv)->tv_usec * 1000;                           \
} while (false)
#endif


bool LinuxSemaphore::Wait(int timeout) {
  const long kOneSecondMicros = 1000000;  // NOLINT

  // Split timeout into second and nanosecond parts.
  struct timeval delta;
  delta.tv_usec = timeout % kOneSecondMicros;
  delta.tv_sec = timeout / kOneSecondMicros;

  struct timeval current_time;
  // Get the current time.
  if (gettimeofday(&current_time, NULL) == -1) {
    return false;
  }

  // Calculate time for end of timeout.
  struct timeval end_time;
  timeradd(&current_time, &delta, &end_time);

  struct timespec ts;
  TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&end_time, &ts);
  // Wait for semaphore signalled or timeout.
  while (true) {
    int result = sem_timedwait(&sem_, &ts);
    if (result == 0) return true;  // Successfully got semaphore.
    if (result > 0) {
      // For glibc prior to 2.3.4 sem_timedwait returns the error instead of -1.
      errno = result;
      result = -1;
    }
    if (result == -1 && errno == ETIMEDOUT) return false;  // Timeout.
    CHECK(result == -1 && errno == EINTR);  // Signal caused spurious wakeup.
  }
}


Semaphore* OS::CreateSemaphore(int count) {
  return new LinuxSemaphore(count);
}


void OS::SetUp() {
  // Seed the random number generator. We preserve microsecond resolution.
  uint64_t seed = Ticks() ^ (getpid() << 16);
  srandom(static_cast<unsigned int>(seed));
  limit_mutex = CreateMutex();
}


void OS::TearDown() {
  delete limit_mutex;
}


} }  // namespace v8::internal