src/assembler-arm.cc

// Copyright (c) 1994-2006 Sun Microsystems Inc.
// All Rights Reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
//
// - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// - Redistribution in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//
// - Neither the name of Sun Microsystems or the names of contributors may
// be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
// specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
// INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
// (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
// SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
// HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
// STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
// OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// The original source code covered by the above license above has been modified
// significantly by Google Inc.
// Copyright 2006-2008 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.

#include "v8.h"

#include "assembler-arm-inl.h"
#include "serialize.h"

namespace v8 { namespace internal {

DEFINE_bool(debug_code, false,
            "generate extra code (comments, assertions) for debugging");


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of Register and CRegister

Register no_reg = { -1 };

Register r0  = {  0 };
Register r1  = {  1 };
Register r2  = {  2 };
Register r3  = {  3 };
Register r4  = {  4 };
Register r5  = {  5 };
Register r6  = {  6 };
Register r7  = {  7 };
Register r8  = {  8 };
Register r9  = {  9 };
Register r10 = { 10 };
Register fp  = { 11 };
Register ip  = { 12 };
Register sp  = { 13 };
Register lr  = { 14 };
Register pc  = { 15 };


CRegister no_creg = { -1 };

CRegister cr0  = {  0 };
CRegister cr1  = {  1 };
CRegister cr2  = {  2 };
CRegister cr3  = {  3 };
CRegister cr4  = {  4 };
CRegister cr5  = {  5 };
CRegister cr6  = {  6 };
CRegister cr7  = {  7 };
CRegister cr8  = {  8 };
CRegister cr9  = {  9 };
CRegister cr10 = { 10 };
CRegister cr11 = { 11 };
CRegister cr12 = { 12 };
CRegister cr13 = { 13 };
CRegister cr14 = { 14 };
CRegister cr15 = { 15 };


// In order to determine the pc store offset, we execute a small code sequence.
// See ARM Architecture Reference Manual section A-2.4.3
// Note that 'str pc, [sp]' and 'stmia sp, {pc}' were using different offsets
// under the QEMU emulator (now fixed), so we are careful to test the actual
// instruction we are interested in (stmia).
int PcStoreOffset() {
#if !defined(__arm__)
  // Building an ARM emulator based target. The emulator is wired for 8 byte
  // pc offsets as is the default in the spec.
  static int pc_store_offset = 8;
#elif defined(__arm__) && !defined(__thumb__)
  // __arm__ may be defined in thumb mode.
  static int pc_store_offset = -1;
  asm volatile(
    "sub sp, sp, #4  \n\t"
    "sub r1, pc, #4  \n\t"
    "stmia sp, {pc}  \n\t"
    "ldr r0, [sp]    \n\t"
    "add sp, sp, #4  \n\t"
    "sub %0, r0, r1  \n\t"
    : "=r" (pc_store_offset) : : "r0", "r1", "memory");
#elif defined(__thumb__)
  static int pc_store_offset = -1;
  asm volatile(
  "@   Enter ARM Mode  \n\t"
      "adr r2, 1f      \n\t"
      "bx  r2          \n\t"
      ".ALIGN 4        \n\t"
      ".ARM            \n"
  "1:  sub sp, sp, #4  \n\t"
      "sub r1, pc, #4  \n\t"
      "stmia sp, {pc}  \n\t"
      "ldr r0, [sp]    \n\t"
      "add sp, sp, #4  \n\t"
      "sub %0, r0, r1  \n"
  "@   Enter THUMB Mode\n\t"
      "adr r2, 2f+1    \n\t"
      "bx  r2          \n\t"
      ".THUMB          \n"
  "2:                  \n\t"
      : "=r" (pc_store_offset) : : "r0", "r1", "r2", "memory");
#else
#error unsupported architecture
#endif
  ASSERT(pc_store_offset == 8 || pc_store_offset == 12);
  return pc_store_offset;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of RelocInfo

const int RelocInfo::kApplyMask = 0;


void RelocInfo::patch_code(byte* instructions, int instruction_count) {
  // Patch the code at the current address with the supplied instructions.
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
}


// Patch the code at the current PC with a call to the target address.
// Additional guard int3 instructions can be added if required.
void RelocInfo::patch_code_with_call(Address target, int guard_bytes) {
  // Patch the code at the current address with a call to the target.
  UNIMPLEMENTED();
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of Operand and MemOperand
// See assembler-arm-inl.h for inlined constructors

Operand::Operand(Handle<Object> handle) {
  rm_ = no_reg;
  // Verify all Objects referred by code are NOT in new space.
  Object* obj = *handle;
  ASSERT(!Heap::InNewSpace(obj));
  if (obj->IsHeapObject()) {
    imm32_ = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(handle.location());
    rmode_ = embedded_object;
  } else {
    // no relocation needed
    imm32_ =  reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(obj);
    rmode_ = no_reloc;
  }
}


Operand::Operand(Register rm, ShiftOp shift_op, int shift_imm) {
  ASSERT(is_uint5(shift_imm));
  ASSERT(shift_op != ROR || shift_imm != 0);  // use RRX if you mean it
  rm_ = rm;
  rs_ = no_reg;
  shift_op_ = shift_op;
  shift_imm_ = shift_imm & 31;
  if (shift_op == RRX) {
    // encoded as ROR with shift_imm == 0
    ASSERT(shift_imm == 0);
    shift_op_ = ROR;
    shift_imm_ = 0;
  }
}


Operand::Operand(Register rm, ShiftOp shift_op, Register rs) {
  ASSERT(shift_op != RRX);
  rm_ = rm;
  rs_ = no_reg;
  shift_op_ = shift_op;
  rs_ = rs;
}


MemOperand::MemOperand(Register rn, int32_t offset, AddrMode am) {
  rn_ = rn;
  rm_ = no_reg;
  offset_ = offset;
  am_ = am;
}

MemOperand::MemOperand(Register rn, Register rm, AddrMode am) {
  rn_ = rn;
  rm_ = rm;
  shift_op_ = LSL;
  shift_imm_ = 0;
  am_ = am;
}


MemOperand::MemOperand(Register rn, Register rm,
                       ShiftOp shift_op, int shift_imm, AddrMode am) {
  ASSERT(is_uint5(shift_imm));
  rn_ = rn;
  rm_ = rm;
  shift_op_ = shift_op;
  shift_imm_ = shift_imm & 31;
  am_ = am;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of Assembler

// Instruction encoding bits
enum {
  H   = 1 << 5,   // halfword (or byte)
  S6  = 1 << 6,   // signed (or unsigned)
  L   = 1 << 20,  // load (or store)
  S   = 1 << 20,  // set condition code (or leave unchanged)
  W   = 1 << 21,  // writeback base register (or leave unchanged)
  A   = 1 << 21,  // accumulate in multiply instruction (or not)
  B   = 1 << 22,  // unsigned byte (or word)
  N   = 1 << 22,  // long (or short)
  U   = 1 << 23,  // positive (or negative) offset/index
  P   = 1 << 24,  // offset/pre-indexed addressing (or post-indexed addressing)
  I   = 1 << 25,  // immediate shifter operand (or not)

  B4  = 1 << 4,
  B5  = 1 << 5,
  B7  = 1 << 7,
  B8  = 1 << 8,
  B12 = 1 << 12,
  B16 = 1 << 16,
  B20 = 1 << 20,
  B21 = 1 << 21,
  B22 = 1 << 22,
  B23 = 1 << 23,
  B24 = 1 << 24,
  B25 = 1 << 25,
  B26 = 1 << 26,
  B27 = 1 << 27,

  // Instruction bit masks
  RdMask     = 15 << 12,  // in str instruction
  CondMask   = 15 << 28,
  OpCodeMask = 15 << 21,  // in data-processing instructions
  Imm24Mask  = (1 << 24) - 1,
  Off12Mask  = (1 << 12) - 1,
  // Reserved condition
  nv = 15 << 28
};


DEFINE_bool(push_pop_elimination, true,
            "eliminate redundant push/pops in assembly code");
DEFINE_bool(print_push_pop_elimination, false,
            "print elimination of redundant push/pops in assembly code");

// add(sp, sp, 4) instruction (aka Pop())
static const Instr kPopInstruction =
    al | 4 * B21 | 4 | LeaveCC | I | sp.code() * B16 | sp.code() * B12;
// str(r, MemOperand(sp, 4, NegPreIndex), al) instruction (aka push(r))
// register r is not encoded.
static const Instr kPushRegPattern =
    al | B26 | 4 | NegPreIndex | sp.code() * B16;
// ldr(r, MemOperand(sp, 4, PostIndex), al) instruction (aka pop(r))
// register r is not encoded.
static const Instr kPopRegPattern =
    al | B26 | L | 4 | PostIndex | sp.code() * B16;

// spare_buffer_
static const int kMinimalBufferSize = 4*KB;
static byte* spare_buffer_ = NULL;

Assembler::Assembler(void* buffer, int buffer_size) {
  if (buffer == NULL) {
    // do our own buffer management
    if (buffer_size <= kMinimalBufferSize) {
      buffer_size = kMinimalBufferSize;

      if (spare_buffer_ != NULL) {
        buffer = spare_buffer_;
        spare_buffer_ = NULL;
      }
    }
    if (buffer == NULL) {
      buffer_ = NewArray<byte>(buffer_size);
    } else {
      buffer_ = static_cast<byte*>(buffer);
    }
    buffer_size_ = buffer_size;
    own_buffer_ = true;

  } else {
    // use externally provided buffer instead
    ASSERT(buffer_size > 0);
    buffer_ = static_cast<byte*>(buffer);
    buffer_size_ = buffer_size;
    own_buffer_ = false;
  }

  // setup buffer pointers
  ASSERT(buffer_ != NULL);
  pc_ = buffer_;
  reloc_info_writer.Reposition(buffer_ + buffer_size, pc_);
  num_prinfo_ = 0;
  next_buffer_check_ = 0;
  no_const_pool_before_ = 0;
  last_const_pool_end_ = 0;
  last_bound_pos_ = 0;
  last_position_ = kNoPosition;
  last_position_is_statement_ = false;
}


Assembler::~Assembler() {
  if (own_buffer_) {
    if (spare_buffer_ == NULL && buffer_size_ == kMinimalBufferSize) {
      spare_buffer_ = buffer_;
    } else {
      DeleteArray(buffer_);
    }
  }
}


void Assembler::GetCode(CodeDesc* desc) {
  // finalize code
  if (unbound_label_.is_linked())
    bind_to(&unbound_label_, binding_pos_);

  // emit constant pool if necessary
  CheckConstPool(true, false);
  ASSERT(num_prinfo_ == 0);

  // setup desc
  desc->buffer = buffer_;
  desc->buffer_size = buffer_size_;
  desc->instr_size = pc_offset();
  desc->reloc_size = (buffer_ + buffer_size_) - reloc_info_writer.pos();
}


void Assembler::Align(int m) {
  ASSERT(m >= 4 && IsPowerOf2(m));
  while ((pc_offset() & (m - 1)) != 0) {
    nop();
  }
}


// Labels refer to positions in the (to be) generated code.
// There are bound, linked, and unused labels.
//
// Bound labels refer to known positions in the already
// generated code. pos() is the position the label refers to.
//
// Linked labels refer to unknown positions in the code
// to be generated; pos() is the position of the last
// instruction using the label.


// The link chain is terminated by a negative code position (must be aligned)
const int kEndOfChain = -4;


int Assembler::target_at(int pos)  {
  Instr instr = instr_at(pos);
  ASSERT((instr & 7*B25) == 5*B25);  // b, bl, or blx imm24
  int imm26 = ((instr & Imm24Mask) << 8) >> 6;
  if ((instr & CondMask) == nv && (instr & B24) != 0)
    // blx uses bit 24 to encode bit 2 of imm26
    imm26 += 2;

  return pos + 8 + imm26;
}


void Assembler::target_at_put(int pos, int target_pos) {
  int imm26 = target_pos - pos - 8;
  Instr instr = instr_at(pos);
  ASSERT((instr & 7*B25) == 5*B25);  // b, bl, or blx imm24
  if ((instr & CondMask) == nv) {
    // blx uses bit 24 to encode bit 2 of imm26
    ASSERT((imm26 & 1) == 0);
    instr = (instr & ~(B24 | Imm24Mask)) | ((imm26 & 2) >> 1)*B24;
  } else {
    ASSERT((imm26 & 3) == 0);
    instr &= ~Imm24Mask;
  }
  int imm24 = imm26 >> 2;
  ASSERT(is_int24(imm24));
  instr_at_put(pos, instr | (imm24 & Imm24Mask));
}


void Assembler::print(Label* L) {
  if (L->is_unused()) {
    PrintF("unused label\n");
  } else if (L->is_bound()) {
    PrintF("bound label to %d\n", L->pos());
  } else if (L->is_linked()) {
    Label l = *L;
    PrintF("unbound label");
    while (l.is_linked()) {
      PrintF("@ %d ", l.pos());
      Instr instr = instr_at(l.pos());
      ASSERT((instr & 7*B25) == 5*B25);  // b, bl, or blx
      int cond = instr & CondMask;
      const char* b;
      const char* c;
      if (cond == nv) {
        b = "blx";
        c = "";
      } else {
        if ((instr & B24) != 0)
          b = "bl";
        else
          b = "b";

        switch (cond) {
          case eq: c = "eq"; break;
          case ne: c = "ne"; break;
          case hs: c = "hs"; break;
          case lo: c = "lo"; break;
          case mi: c = "mi"; break;
          case pl: c = "pl"; break;
          case vs: c = "vs"; break;
          case vc: c = "vc"; break;
          case hi: c = "hi"; break;
          case ls: c = "ls"; break;
          case ge: c = "ge"; break;
          case lt: c = "lt"; break;
          case gt: c = "gt"; break;
          case le: c = "le"; break;
          case al: c = ""; break;
          default:
            c = "";
            UNREACHABLE();
        }
      }
      PrintF("%s%s\n", b, c);
      next(&l);
    }
  } else {
    PrintF("label in inconsistent state (pos = %d)\n", L->pos_);
  }
}


DEFINE_bool(eliminate_jumps, true, "eliminate jumps to jumps in assembly code");
DEFINE_bool(print_jump_elimination, false,
            "print elimination of jumps to jumps in assembly code");

void Assembler::bind_to(Label* L, int pos) {
  ASSERT(0 <= pos && pos <= pc_offset());  // must have a valid binding position
  while (L->is_linked()) {
    int fixup_pos = L->pos();
    next(L);  // call next before overwriting link with target at fixup_pos
    target_at_put(fixup_pos, pos);
  }
  L->bind_to(pos);

  // do not eliminate jump instructions before the last bound position
  if (pos > last_bound_pos_)
    last_bound_pos_ = pos;
}


void Assembler::link_to(Label* L, Label* appendix) {
  if (appendix->is_linked()) {
    if (L->is_linked()) {
      // append appendix to L's list
      int fixup_pos;
      int link = L->pos();
      do {
        fixup_pos = link;
        link = target_at(fixup_pos);
      } while (link > 0);
      ASSERT(link == kEndOfChain);
      target_at_put(fixup_pos, appendix->pos());
    } else {
      // L is empty, simply use appendix
      *L = *appendix;
    }
  }
  appendix->Unuse();  // appendix should not be used anymore
}


void Assembler::bind(Label* L) {
  ASSERT(!L->is_bound());  // label can only be bound once
  if (FLAG_eliminate_jumps) {
    // Resolve unbound label.
    if (unbound_label_.is_linked()) {
      // Unbound label exists => link it with L if same binding
      // position, otherwise fix it.
      if (binding_pos_ == pc_offset()) {
        // Link it to L's list.
        link_to(L, &unbound_label_);
      } else {
        // Otherwise bind unbound label.
        ASSERT(binding_pos_ < pc_offset());
        bind_to(&unbound_label_, binding_pos_);
      }
    }
    ASSERT(!unbound_label_.is_linked());
    // Try to eliminate jumps to next instruction.
    Instr instr;
    // Do not remove an already bound jump target.
    while (last_bound_pos_ < pc_offset() &&
           reloc_info_writer.last_pc() <= pc_ - kInstrSize &&
           L->is_linked() && L->pos() == pc_offset() - kInstrSize &&
           (((instr = instr_at(L->pos())) & CondMask) != nv &&  // not blx
            (instr & 15*B24) == 10*B24)) {  // b<cond>, but not bl<cond>
      // Previous instruction is b<cond> jumping immediately after it
      // => eliminate it
      if (FLAG_print_jump_elimination)
        PrintF("@ %d jump to next eliminated\n", L->pos());
      // Remove first entry from label list.
      next(L);
      // Eliminate instruction (set code pointers back).
      pc_ -= kInstrSize;
      // Make sure not to skip relocation information when rewinding.
      ASSERT(reloc_info_writer.last_pc() <= pc_);
    }
    // delay fixup of L => store it as unbound label
    unbound_label_ = *L;
    binding_pos_ = pc_offset();
    L->Unuse();
  }
  bind_to(L, pc_offset());
}


void Assembler::next(Label* L) {
  ASSERT(L->is_linked());
  int link = target_at(L->pos());
  if (link > 0) {
    L->link_to(link);
  } else {
    ASSERT(link == kEndOfChain);
    L->Unuse();
  }
}


// Low-level code emission routines depending on the addressing mode
static bool fits_shifter(uint32_t imm32,
                         uint32_t* rotate_imm,
                         uint32_t* immed_8,
                         Instr* instr) {
  // imm32 must be unsigned
  for (int rot = 0; rot < 16; rot++) {
    uint32_t imm8 = (imm32 << 2*rot) | (imm32 >> (32 - 2*rot));
    if ((imm8 <= 0xff)) {
      *rotate_imm = rot;
      *immed_8 = imm8;
      return true;
    }
  }
  // if the opcode is mov or mvn and if ~imm32 fits, change the opcode
  if (instr != NULL && (*instr & 0xd*B21) == 0xd*B21) {
    if (fits_shifter(~imm32, rotate_imm, immed_8, NULL)) {
      *instr ^= 0x2*B21;
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}


void Assembler::addrmod1(Instr instr,
                         Register rn,
                         Register rd,
                         const Operand& x) {
  CheckBuffer();
  ASSERT((instr & ~(CondMask | OpCodeMask | S)) == 0);
  if (!x.rm_.is_valid()) {
    // immediate
    uint32_t rotate_imm;
    uint32_t immed_8;
    if ((x.rmode_ != no_reloc && x.rmode_ != external_reference) ||
        !fits_shifter(x.imm32_, &rotate_imm, &immed_8, &instr)) {
      // The immediate operand cannot be encoded as a shifter operand, so load
      // it first to register ip and change the original instruction to use ip.
      // However, if the original instruction is a 'mov rd, x' (not setting the
      // condition code), then replace it with a 'ldr rd, [pc]'
      RecordRelocInfo(x.rmode_, x.imm32_);
      ASSERT(!rn.is(ip));  // rn should never be ip, or will be trashed
      Condition cond = static_cast<Condition>(instr & CondMask);
      if ((instr & ~CondMask) == 13*B21) {  // mov, S not set
        ldr(rd, MemOperand(pc, 0), cond);
      } else {
        ldr(ip, MemOperand(pc, 0), cond);
        addrmod1(instr, rn, rd, Operand(ip));
      }
      return;
    }
    instr |= I | rotate_imm*B8 | immed_8;
  } else if (!x.rs_.is_valid()) {
    // immediate shift
    instr |= x.shift_imm_*B7 | x.shift_op_ | x.rm_.code();
  } else {
    // register shift
    ASSERT(!rn.is(pc) && !rd.is(pc) && !x.rm_.is(pc) && !x.rs_.is(pc));
    instr |= x.rs_.code()*B8 | x.shift_op_ | B4 | x.rm_.code();
  }
  emit(instr | rn.code()*B16 | rd.code()*B12);
  if (rn.is(pc) || x.rm_.is(pc))
    // block constant pool emission for one instruction after reading pc
    BlockConstPoolBefore(pc_offset() + kInstrSize);
}


void Assembler::addrmod2(Instr instr, Register rd, const MemOperand& x) {
  ASSERT((instr & ~(CondMask | B | L)) == B26);
  int am = x.am_;
  if (!x.rm_.is_valid()) {
    // immediate offset
    int offset_12 = x.offset_;
    if (offset_12 < 0) {
      offset_12 = -offset_12;
      am ^= U;
    }
    if (!is_uint12(offset_12)) {
      // immediate offset cannot be encoded, load it first to register ip
      // rn (and rd in a load) should never be ip, or will be trashed
      ASSERT(!x.rn_.is(ip) && ((instr & L) == L || !rd.is(ip)));
      mov(ip, Operand(x.offset_), LeaveCC,
          static_cast<Condition>(instr & CondMask));
      addrmod2(instr, rd, MemOperand(x.rn_, ip, x.am_));
      return;
    }
    ASSERT(offset_12 >= 0);  // no masking needed
    instr |= offset_12;
  } else {
    // register offset (shift_imm_ and shift_op_ are 0) or scaled
    // register offset the constructors make sure than both shift_imm_
    // and shift_op_ are initialized
    ASSERT(!x.rm_.is(pc));
    instr |= B25 | x.shift_imm_*B7 | x.shift_op_ | x.rm_.code();
  }
  ASSERT((am & (P|W)) == P || !x.rn_.is(pc));  // no pc base with writeback
  emit(instr | am | x.rn_.code()*B16 | rd.code()*B12);
}


void Assembler::addrmod3(Instr instr, Register rd, const MemOperand& x) {
  ASSERT((instr & ~(CondMask | L | S6 | H)) == (B4 | B7));
  ASSERT(x.rn_.is_valid());
  int am = x.am_;
  if (!x.rm_.is_valid()) {
    // immediate offset
    int offset_8 = x.offset_;
    if (offset_8 < 0) {
      offset_8 = -offset_8;
      am ^= U;
    }
    if (!is_uint8(offset_8)) {
      // immediate offset cannot be encoded, load it first to register ip
      // rn (and rd in a load) should never be ip, or will be trashed
      ASSERT(!x.rn_.is(ip) && ((instr & L) == L || !rd.is(ip)));
      mov(ip, Operand(x.offset_), LeaveCC,
          static_cast<Condition>(instr & CondMask));
      addrmod3(instr, rd, MemOperand(x.rn_, ip, x.am_));
      return;
    }
    ASSERT(offset_8 >= 0);  // no masking needed
    instr |= B | (offset_8 >> 4)*B8 | (offset_8 & 0xf);
  } else if (x.shift_imm_ != 0) {
    // scaled register offset not supported, load index first
    // rn (and rd in a load) should never be ip, or will be trashed
    ASSERT(!x.rn_.is(ip) && ((instr & L) == L || !rd.is(ip)));
    mov(ip, Operand(x.rm_, x.shift_op_, x.shift_imm_), LeaveCC,
        static_cast<Condition>(instr & CondMask));
    addrmod3(instr, rd, MemOperand(x.rn_, ip, x.am_));
    return;
  } else {
    // register offset
    ASSERT((am & (P|W)) == P || !x.rm_.is(pc));  // no pc index with writeback
    instr |= x.rm_.code();
  }
  ASSERT((am & (P|W)) == P || !x.rn_.is(pc));  // no pc base with writeback
  emit(instr | am | x.rn_.code()*B16 | rd.code()*B12);
}


void Assembler::addrmod4(Instr instr, Register rn, RegList rl) {
  ASSERT((instr & ~(CondMask | P | U | W | L)) == B27);
  ASSERT(rl != 0);
  ASSERT(!rn.is(pc));
  emit(instr | rn.code()*B16 | rl);
}


void Assembler::addrmod5(Instr instr, CRegister crd, const MemOperand& x) {
  // unindexed addressing is not encoded by this function
  ASSERT((instr & ~(CondMask | P | U | N | W | L)) == (B27 | B26));
  ASSERT(x.rn_.is_valid() && !x.rm_.is_valid());
  int am = x.am_;
  int offset_8 = x.offset_;
  ASSERT((offset_8 & 3) == 0);  // offset must be an aligned word offset
  offset_8 >>= 2;
  if (offset_8 < 0) {
    offset_8 = -offset_8;
    am ^= U;
  }
  ASSERT(is_uint8(offset_8));  // unsigned word offset must fit in a byte
  ASSERT((am & (P|W)) == P || !x.rn_.is(pc));  // no pc base with writeback

  // post-indexed addressing requires W == 1; different than in addrmod2/3
  if ((am & P) == 0)
    am |= W;

  ASSERT(offset_8 >= 0);  // no masking needed
  emit(instr | am | x.rn_.code()*B16 | crd.code()*B12 | offset_8);
}


int Assembler::branch_offset(Label* L, bool jump_elimination_allowed) {
  // if we emit an unconditional jump/call and if the current position is the
  // target of the unbound label, we can change the binding position of the
  // unbound label, thereby eliminating an unnecessary jump
  bool can_eliminate = false;
  if (jump_elimination_allowed && FLAG_eliminate_jumps &&
      unbound_label_.is_linked() && binding_pos_ == pc_offset()) {
    can_eliminate = true;
    if (FLAG_print_jump_elimination) {
      PrintF("eliminated jumps/calls to %d from ", binding_pos_);
      print(&unbound_label_);
    }
  }
  int target_pos;
  if (L->is_bound()) {
    target_pos = L->pos();
    if (can_eliminate)
      binding_pos_ = target_pos;
  } else {
    if (can_eliminate)
      link_to(L, &unbound_label_);  // may modify L's link
    if (L->is_linked())
      target_pos = L->pos();  // L's link
    else
      target_pos = kEndOfChain;
    L->link_to(pc_offset());
  }

  // Block the emission of the constant pool, since the branch instruction must
  // be emitted at the pc offset recorded by the label
  BlockConstPoolBefore(pc_offset() + kInstrSize);

  return target_pos - pc_offset() - 8;
}


// Branch instructions
void Assembler::b(int branch_offset, Condition cond) {
  ASSERT((branch_offset & 3) == 0);
  int imm24 = branch_offset >> 2;
  ASSERT(is_int24(imm24));
  emit(cond | B27 | B25 | (imm24 & Imm24Mask));

  if (cond == al)
    // dead code is a good location to emit the constant pool
    CheckConstPool(false, false);
}


void Assembler::bl(int branch_offset, Condition cond) {
  ASSERT((branch_offset & 3) == 0);
  int imm24 = branch_offset >> 2;
  ASSERT(is_int24(imm24));
  emit(cond | B27 | B25 | B24 | (imm24 & Imm24Mask));
}


void Assembler::blx(int branch_offset) {  // v5 and above
  ASSERT((branch_offset & 1) == 0);
  int h = ((branch_offset & 2) >> 1)*B24;
  int imm24 = branch_offset >> 2;
  ASSERT(is_int24(imm24));
  emit(15 << 28 | B27 | B25 | h | (imm24 & Imm24Mask));
}


void Assembler::blx(Register target, Condition cond) {  // v5 and above
  ASSERT(!target.is(pc));
  emit(cond | B24 | B21 | 15*B16 | 15*B12 | 15*B8 | 3*B4 | target.code());
}


void Assembler::bx(Register target, Condition cond) {  // v5 and above, plus v4t
  ASSERT(!target.is(pc));  // use of pc is actually allowed, but discouraged
  emit(cond | B24 | B21 | 15*B16 | 15*B12 | 15*B8 | B4 | target.code());
}


// Data-processing instructions
void Assembler::and_(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                     SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 0*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::eor(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 1*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::sub(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 2*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::rsb(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 3*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::add(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 4*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);

  // Eliminate pattern: push(r), pop()
  //   str(src, MemOperand(sp, 4, NegPreIndex), al);
  //   add(sp, sp, Operand(kPointerSize));
  // Both instructions can be eliminated.
  int pattern_size = 2 * kInstrSize;
  if (FLAG_push_pop_elimination &&
      last_bound_pos_ <= (pc_offset() - pattern_size) &&
      reloc_info_writer.last_pc() <= (pc_ - pattern_size) &&
      // pattern
      instr_at(pc_ - 1 * kInstrSize) == kPopInstruction &&
      (instr_at(pc_ - 2 * kInstrSize) & ~RdMask) == kPushRegPattern) {
    pc_ -= 2 * kInstrSize;
    if (FLAG_print_push_pop_elimination) {
      PrintF("%x push(reg)/pop() eliminated\n", pc_offset());
    }
  }
}


void Assembler::adc(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 5*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::sbc(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 6*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::rsc(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 7*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::tst(Register src1, const Operand& src2, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 8*B21 | S, src1, r0, src2);
}


void Assembler::teq(Register src1, const Operand& src2, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 9*B21 | S, src1, r0, src2);
}


void Assembler::cmp(Register src1, const Operand& src2, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 10*B21 | S, src1, r0, src2);
}


void Assembler::cmn(Register src1, const Operand& src2, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 11*B21 | S, src1, r0, src2);
}


void Assembler::orr(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 12*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::mov(Register dst, const Operand& src, SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 13*B21 | s, r0, dst, src);
}


void Assembler::bic(Register dst, Register src1, const Operand& src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 14*B21 | s, src1, dst, src2);
}


void Assembler::mvn(Register dst, const Operand& src, SBit s, Condition cond) {
  addrmod1(cond | 15*B21 | s, r0, dst, src);
}


// Multiply instructions
void Assembler::mla(Register dst, Register src1, Register src2, Register srcA,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dst.is(pc) && !src1.is(pc) && !src2.is(pc) && !srcA.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dst.is(src1));
  emit(cond | A | s | dst.code()*B16 | srcA.code()*B12 |
       src2.code()*B8 | B7 | B4 | src1.code());
}


void Assembler::mul(Register dst, Register src1, Register src2,
                    SBit s, Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dst.is(pc) && !src1.is(pc) && !src2.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dst.is(src1));
  emit(cond | s | dst.code()*B16 | src2.code()*B8 | B7 | B4 | src1.code());
}


void Assembler::smlal(Register dstL,
                      Register dstH,
                      Register src1,
                      Register src2,
                      SBit s,
                      Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(pc) && !dstH.is(pc) && !src1.is(pc) && !src2.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(dstH) && !dstH.is(src1) && !src1.is(dstL));
  emit(cond | B23 | B22 | A | s | dstH.code()*B16 | dstL.code()*B12 |
       src2.code()*B8 | B7 | B4 | src1.code());
}


void Assembler::smull(Register dstL,
                      Register dstH,
                      Register src1,
                      Register src2,
                      SBit s,
                      Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(pc) && !dstH.is(pc) && !src1.is(pc) && !src2.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(dstH) && !dstH.is(src1) && !src1.is(dstL));
  emit(cond | B23 | B22 | s | dstH.code()*B16 | dstL.code()*B12 |
       src2.code()*B8 | B7 | B4 | src1.code());
}


void Assembler::umlal(Register dstL,
                      Register dstH,
                      Register src1,
                      Register src2,
                      SBit s,
                      Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(pc) && !dstH.is(pc) && !src1.is(pc) && !src2.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(dstH) && !dstH.is(src1) && !src1.is(dstL));
  emit(cond | B23 | A | s | dstH.code()*B16 | dstL.code()*B12 |
       src2.code()*B8 | B7 | B4 | src1.code());
}


void Assembler::umull(Register dstL,
                      Register dstH,
                      Register src1,
                      Register src2,
                      SBit s,
                      Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(pc) && !dstH.is(pc) && !src1.is(pc) && !src2.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dstL.is(dstH) && !dstH.is(src1) && !src1.is(dstL));
  emit(cond | B23 | s | dstH.code()*B16 | dstL.code()*B12 |
       src2.code()*B8 | B7 | B4 | src1.code());
}


// Miscellaneous arithmetic instructions
void Assembler::clz(Register dst, Register src, Condition cond) {
  // v5 and above.
  ASSERT(!dst.is(pc) && !src.is(pc));
  emit(cond | B24 | B22 | B21 | 15*B16 | dst.code()*B12 |
       15*B8 | B4 | src.code());
}


// Status register access instructions
void Assembler::mrs(Register dst, SRegister s, Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dst.is(pc));
  emit(cond | B24 | s | 15*B16 | dst.code()*B12);
}


void Assembler::msr(SRegisterFieldMask fields, const Operand& src,
                    Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(fields >= B16 && fields < B20);  // at least one field set
  Instr instr;
  if (!src.rm_.is_valid()) {
    // immediate
    uint32_t rotate_imm;
    uint32_t immed_8;
    if ((src.rmode_ != no_reloc && src.rmode_ != external_reference)||
        !fits_shifter(src.imm32_, &rotate_imm, &immed_8, NULL)) {
      // immediate operand cannot be encoded, load it first to register ip
      RecordRelocInfo(src.rmode_, src.imm32_);
      ldr(ip, MemOperand(pc, 0), cond);
      msr(fields, Operand(ip), cond);
      return;
    }
    instr = I | rotate_imm*B8 | immed_8;
  } else {
    ASSERT(!src.rs_.is_valid() && src.shift_imm_ == 0);  // only rm allowed
    instr = src.rm_.code();
  }
  emit(cond | instr | B24 | B21 | fields | 15*B12);
}


// Load/Store instructions
void Assembler::ldr(Register dst, const MemOperand& src, Condition cond) {
  addrmod2(cond | B26 | L, dst, src);

  // Eliminate pattern: push(r), pop(r)
  //   str(r, MemOperand(sp, 4, NegPreIndex), al)
  //   ldr(r, MemOperand(sp, 4, PostIndex), al)
  // Both instructions can be eliminated.
  int pattern_size = 2 * kInstrSize;
  if (FLAG_push_pop_elimination &&
      last_bound_pos_ <= (pc_offset() - pattern_size) &&
      reloc_info_writer.last_pc() <= (pc_ - pattern_size) &&
      // pattern
      instr_at(pc_ - 1 * kInstrSize) == (kPopRegPattern | dst.code() * B12) &&
      instr_at(pc_ - 2 * kInstrSize) == (kPushRegPattern | dst.code() * B12)) {
    pc_ -= 2 * kInstrSize;
    if (FLAG_print_push_pop_elimination) {
      PrintF("%x push/pop (same reg) eliminated\n", pc_offset());
    }
  }
}


void Assembler::str(Register src, const MemOperand& dst, Condition cond) {
  addrmod2(cond | B26, src, dst);

  // Eliminate pattern: pop(), push(r)
  //     add sp, sp, #4 LeaveCC, al; str r, [sp, #-4], al
  // ->  str r, [sp, 0], al
  int pattern_size = 2 * kInstrSize;
  if (FLAG_push_pop_elimination &&
     last_bound_pos_ <= (pc_offset() - pattern_size) &&
     reloc_info_writer.last_pc() <= (pc_ - pattern_size) &&
     instr_at(pc_ - 1 * kInstrSize) == (kPushRegPattern | src.code() * B12) &&
     instr_at(pc_ - 2 * kInstrSize) == kPopInstruction) {
    pc_ -= 2 * kInstrSize;
    emit(al | B26 | 0 | Offset | sp.code() * B16 | src.code() * B12);
    if (FLAG_print_push_pop_elimination) {
      PrintF("%x pop()/push(reg) eliminated\n", pc_offset());
    }
  }
}


void Assembler::ldrb(Register dst, const MemOperand& src, Condition cond) {
  addrmod2(cond | B26 | B | L, dst, src);
}


void Assembler::strb(Register src, const MemOperand& dst, Condition cond) {
  addrmod2(cond | B26 | B, src, dst);
}


void Assembler::ldrh(Register dst, const MemOperand& src, Condition cond) {
  addrmod3(cond | L | B7 | H | B4, dst, src);
}


void Assembler::strh(Register src, const MemOperand& dst, Condition cond) {
  addrmod3(cond | B7 | H | B4, src, dst);
}


void Assembler::ldrsb(Register dst, const MemOperand& src, Condition cond) {
  addrmod3(cond | L | B7 | S6 | B4, dst, src);
}


void Assembler::ldrsh(Register dst, const MemOperand& src, Condition cond) {
  addrmod3(cond | L | B7 | S6 | H | B4, dst, src);
}


// Load/Store multiple instructions
void Assembler::ldm(BlockAddrMode am,
                    Register base,
                    RegList dst,
                    Condition cond) {
  // ABI stack constraint: ldmxx base, {..sp..}  base != sp  is not restartable
  ASSERT(base.is(sp) || (dst & sp.bit()) == 0);

  addrmod4(cond | B27 | am | L, base, dst);

  // emit the constant pool after a function return implemented by ldm ..{..pc}
  if (cond == al && (dst & pc.bit()) != 0) {
    // There is a slight chance that the ldm instruction was actually a call,
    // in which case it would be wrong to return into the constant pool; we
    // recognize this case by checking if the emission of the pool was blocked
    // at the pc of the ldm instruction by a mov lr, pc instruction; if this is
    // the case, we emit a jump over the pool.
    CheckConstPool(true, no_const_pool_before_ == pc_offset() - kInstrSize);
  }
}


void Assembler::stm(BlockAddrMode am,
                    Register base,
                    RegList src,
                    Condition cond) {
  addrmod4(cond | B27 | am, base, src);
}


// Semaphore instructions
void Assembler::swp(Register dst, Register src, Register base, Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dst.is(pc) && !src.is(pc) && !base.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dst.is(base) && !src.is(base));
  emit(cond | P | base.code()*B16 | dst.code()*B12 |
       B7 | B4 | src.code());
}


void Assembler::swpb(Register dst,
                     Register src,
                     Register base,
                     Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(!dst.is(pc) && !src.is(pc) && !base.is(pc));
  ASSERT(!dst.is(base) && !src.is(base));
  emit(cond | P | B | base.code()*B16 | dst.code()*B12 |
       B7 | B4 | src.code());
}


// Exception-generating instructions and debugging support
void Assembler::stop(const char* msg) {
#if !defined(__arm__)
  // The simulator handles these special instructions and stops execution.
  emit(15 << 28 | ((intptr_t) msg));
#else
  // Just issue a simple break instruction for now. Alternatively we could use
  // the swi(0x9f0001) instruction on Linux.
  bkpt(0);
#endif
}


void Assembler::bkpt(uint32_t imm16) {  // v5 and above
  ASSERT(is_uint16(imm16));
  emit(al | B24 | B21 | (imm16 >> 4)*B8 | 7*B4 | (imm16 & 0xf));
}


void Assembler::swi(uint32_t imm24, Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(is_uint24(imm24));
  emit(cond | 15*B24 | imm24);
}


// Coprocessor instructions
void Assembler::cdp(Coprocessor coproc,
                    int opcode_1,
                    CRegister crd,
                    CRegister crn,
                    CRegister crm,
                    int opcode_2,
                    Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(is_uint4(opcode_1) && is_uint3(opcode_2));
  emit(cond | B27 | B26 | B25 | (opcode_1 & 15)*B20 | crn.code()*B16 |
       crd.code()*B12 | coproc*B8 | (opcode_2 & 7)*B5 | crm.code());
}


void Assembler::cdp2(Coprocessor coproc,
                     int opcode_1,
                     CRegister crd,
                     CRegister crn,
                     CRegister crm,
                     int opcode_2) {  // v5 and above
  cdp(coproc, opcode_1, crd, crn, crm, opcode_2, static_cast<Condition>(nv));
}


void Assembler::mcr(Coprocessor coproc,
                    int opcode_1,
                    Register rd,
                    CRegister crn,
                    CRegister crm,
                    int opcode_2,
                    Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(is_uint3(opcode_1) && is_uint3(opcode_2));
  emit(cond | B27 | B26 | B25 | (opcode_1 & 7)*B21 | crn.code()*B16 |
       rd.code()*B12 | coproc*B8 | (opcode_2 & 7)*B5 | B4 | crm.code());
}


void Assembler::mcr2(Coprocessor coproc,
                     int opcode_1,
                     Register rd,
                     CRegister crn,
                     CRegister crm,
                     int opcode_2) {  // v5 and above
  mcr(coproc, opcode_1, rd, crn, crm, opcode_2, static_cast<Condition>(nv));
}


void Assembler::mrc(Coprocessor coproc,
                    int opcode_1,
                    Register rd,
                    CRegister crn,
                    CRegister crm,
                    int opcode_2,
                    Condition cond) {
  ASSERT(is_uint3(opcode_1) && is_uint3(opcode_2));
  emit(cond | B27 | B26 | B25 | (opcode_1 & 7)*B21 | L | crn.code()*B16 |
       rd.code()*B12 | coproc*B8 | (opcode_2 & 7)*B5 | B4 | crm.code());
}


void Assembler::mrc2(Coprocessor coproc,
                     int opcode_1,
                     Register rd,
                     CRegister crn,
                     CRegister crm,
                     int opcode_2) {  // v5 and above
  mrc(coproc, opcode_1, rd, crn, crm, opcode_2, static_cast<Condition>(nv));
}


void Assembler::ldc(Coprocessor coproc,
                    CRegister crd,
                    const MemOperand& src,
                    LFlag l,
                    Condition cond) {
  addrmod5(cond | B27 | B26 | l | L | coproc*B8, crd, src);
}


void Assembler::ldc(Coprocessor coproc,
                    CRegister crd,
                    Register rn,
                    int option,
                    LFlag l,
                    Condition cond) {
  // unindexed addressing
  ASSERT(is_uint8(option));
  emit(cond | B27 | B26 | U | l | L | rn.code()*B16 | crd.code()*B12 |
       coproc*B8 | (option & 255));
}


void Assembler::ldc2(Coprocessor coproc,
                     CRegister crd,
                     const MemOperand& src,
                     LFlag l) {  // v5 and above
  ldc(coproc, crd, src, l, static_cast<Condition>(nv));
}


void Assembler::ldc2(Coprocessor coproc,
                     CRegister crd,
                     Register rn,
                     int option,
                     LFlag l) {  // v5 and above
  ldc(coproc, crd, rn, option, l, static_cast<Condition>(nv));
}


void Assembler::stc(Coprocessor coproc,
                    CRegister crd,
                    const MemOperand& dst,
                    LFlag l,
                    Condition cond) {
  addrmod5(cond | B27 | B26 | l | coproc*B8, crd, dst);
}


void Assembler::stc(Coprocessor coproc,
                    CRegister crd,
                    Register rn,
                    int option,
                    LFlag l,
                    Condition cond) {
  // unindexed addressing
  ASSERT(is_uint8(option));
  emit(cond | B27 | B26 | U | l | rn.code()*B16 | crd.code()*B12 |
       coproc*B8 | (option & 255));
}


void Assembler::stc2(Coprocessor
                     coproc, CRegister crd,
                     const MemOperand& dst,
                     LFlag l) {  // v5 and above
  stc(coproc, crd, dst, l, static_cast<Condition>(nv));
}


void Assembler::stc2(Coprocessor coproc,
                     CRegister crd,
                     Register rn,
                     int option,
                     LFlag l) {  // v5 and above
  stc(coproc, crd, rn, option, l, static_cast<Condition>(nv));
}


// Pseudo instructions
void Assembler::lea(Register dst,
                    const MemOperand& x,
                    SBit s,
                    Condition cond) {
  int am = x.am_;
  if (!x.rm_.is_valid()) {
    // immediate offset
    if ((am & P) == 0)  // post indexing
      mov(dst, Operand(x.rn_), s, cond);
    else if ((am & U) == 0)  // negative indexing
      sub(dst, x.rn_, Operand(x.offset_), s, cond);
    else
      add(dst, x.rn_, Operand(x.offset_), s, cond);
  } else {
    // Register offset (shift_imm_ and shift_op_ are 0) or scaled
    // register offset the constructors make sure than both shift_imm_
    // and shift_op_ are initialized.
    ASSERT(!x.rm_.is(pc));
    if ((am & P) == 0)  // post indexing
      mov(dst, Operand(x.rn_), s, cond);
    else if ((am & U) == 0)  // negative indexing
      sub(dst, x.rn_, Operand(x.rm_, x.shift_op_, x.shift_imm_), s, cond);
    else
      add(dst, x.rn_, Operand(x.rm_, x.shift_op_, x.shift_imm_), s, cond);
  }
}


// Debugging
void Assembler::RecordComment(const char* msg) {
  if (FLAG_debug_code) {
    CheckBuffer();
    RecordRelocInfo(comment, reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(msg));
  }
}


void Assembler::RecordPosition(int pos) {
  if (pos == kNoPosition) return;
  ASSERT(position >= 0);
  if (pos == last_position_) return;
  CheckBuffer();
  RecordRelocInfo(position, pos);
  last_position_ = pos;
  last_position_is_statement_ = false;
}


void Assembler::RecordStatementPosition(int pos) {
  if (pos == last_position_) return;
  CheckBuffer();
  RecordRelocInfo(statement_position, pos);
  last_position_ = pos;
  last_position_is_statement_ = true;
}


void Assembler::GrowBuffer() {
  if (!own_buffer_) FATAL("external code buffer is too small");

  // compute new buffer size
  CodeDesc desc;  // the new buffer
  if (buffer_size_ < 4*KB) {
    desc.buffer_size = 4*KB;
  } else if (buffer_size_ < 1*MB) {
    desc.buffer_size = 2*buffer_size_;
  } else {
    desc.buffer_size = buffer_size_ + 1*MB;
  }
  CHECK_GT(desc.buffer_size, 0);  // no overflow

  // setup new buffer
  desc.buffer = NewArray<byte>(desc.buffer_size);

  desc.instr_size = pc_offset();
  desc.reloc_size = (buffer_ + buffer_size_) - reloc_info_writer.pos();

  // copy the data
  int pc_delta = desc.buffer - buffer_;
  int rc_delta = (desc.buffer + desc.buffer_size) - (buffer_ + buffer_size_);
  memmove(desc.buffer, buffer_, desc.instr_size);
  memmove(reloc_info_writer.pos() + rc_delta,
          reloc_info_writer.pos(), desc.reloc_size);

  // switch buffers
  DeleteArray(buffer_);
  buffer_ = desc.buffer;
  buffer_size_ = desc.buffer_size;
  pc_ += pc_delta;
  reloc_info_writer.Reposition(reloc_info_writer.pos() + rc_delta,
                               reloc_info_writer.last_pc() + pc_delta);

  // none of our relocation types are pc relative pointing outside the code
  // buffer nor pc absolute pointing inside the code buffer, so there is no need
  // to relocate any emitted relocation entries

  // relocate pending relocation entries
  for (int i = 0; i < num_prinfo_; i++) {
    RelocInfo& rinfo = prinfo_[i];
    ASSERT(rinfo.rmode() != comment && rinfo.rmode() != position);
    rinfo.set_pc(rinfo.pc() + pc_delta);
  }
}


void Assembler::RecordRelocInfo(RelocMode rmode, intptr_t data) {
  RelocInfo rinfo(pc_, rmode, data);  // we do not try to reuse pool constants
  if (rmode >= comment && rmode <= statement_position) {
    // adjust code for new modes
    ASSERT(is_comment(rmode) || is_position(rmode));
    // these modes do not need an entry in the constant pool
  } else {
    ASSERT(num_prinfo_ < kMaxNumPRInfo);
    prinfo_[num_prinfo_++] = rinfo;
    // Make sure the constant pool is not emitted in place of the next
    // instruction for which we just recorded relocation info
    BlockConstPoolBefore(pc_offset() + kInstrSize);
  }
  if (rinfo.rmode() != no_reloc) {
    // Don't record external references unless the heap will be serialized.
    if (rmode == external_reference &&
        !Serializer::enabled() &&
        !FLAG_debug_code) {
      return;
    }
    ASSERT(buffer_space() >= kMaxRelocSize);  // too late to grow buffer here
    reloc_info_writer.Write(&rinfo);
  }
}


void Assembler::CheckConstPool(bool force_emit, bool require_jump) {
  // Calculate the offset of the next check. It will be overwritten
  // when a const pool is generated or when const pools are being
  // blocked for a specific range.
  next_buffer_check_ = pc_offset() + kCheckConstInterval;

  // There is nothing to do if there are no pending relocation info entries
  if (num_prinfo_ == 0) return;

  // We emit a constant pool at regular intervals of about kDistBetweenPools
  // or when requested by parameter force_emit (e.g. after each function).
  // We prefer not to emit a jump unless the max distance is reached or if we
  // are running low on slots, which can happen if a lot of constants are being
  // emitted (e.g. --debug-code and many static references).
  int dist = pc_offset() - last_const_pool_end_;
  if (!force_emit && dist < kMaxDistBetweenPools &&
      (require_jump || dist < kDistBetweenPools) &&
      // TODO(1236125): Cleanup the "magic" number below. We know that
      // the code generation will test every kCheckConstIntervalInst.
      // Thus we are safe as long as we generate less than 7 constant
      // entries per instruction.
      (num_prinfo_ < (kMaxNumPRInfo - (7 * kCheckConstIntervalInst)))) {
    return;
  }

  // If we did not return by now, we need to emit the constant pool soon.

  // However, some small sequences of instructions must not be broken up by the
  // insertion of a constant pool; such sequences are protected by setting
  // no_const_pool_before_, which is checked here. Also, recursive calls to
  // CheckConstPool are blocked by no_const_pool_before_.
  if (pc_offset() < no_const_pool_before_) {
    // Emission is currently blocked; make sure we try again as soon as possible
    next_buffer_check_ = no_const_pool_before_;

    // Something is wrong if emission is forced and blocked at the same time
    ASSERT(!force_emit);
    return;
  }

  int jump_instr = require_jump ? kInstrSize : 0;

  // Check that the code buffer is large enough before emitting the constant
  // pool and relocation information (include the jump over the pool and the
  // constant pool marker).
  int max_needed_space =
      jump_instr + kInstrSize + num_prinfo_*(kInstrSize + kMaxRelocSize);
  while (buffer_space() <= (max_needed_space + kGap)) GrowBuffer();

  // Block recursive calls to CheckConstPool
  BlockConstPoolBefore(pc_offset() + jump_instr + kInstrSize +
                       num_prinfo_*kInstrSize);
  // Don't bother to check for the emit calls below.
  next_buffer_check_ = no_const_pool_before_;

  // Emit jump over constant pool if necessary
  Label after_pool;
  if (require_jump) b(&after_pool);

  RecordComment("[ Constant Pool");

  // Put down constant pool marker
  // "Undefined instruction" as specified by A3.1 Instruction set encoding
  emit(0x03000000 | num_prinfo_);

  // Emit constant pool entries
  for (int i = 0; i < num_prinfo_; i++) {
    RelocInfo& rinfo = prinfo_[i];
    ASSERT(rinfo.rmode() != comment && rinfo.rmode() != position &&
           rinfo.rmode() != statement_position);
    Instr instr = instr_at(rinfo.pc());
    // Instruction to patch must be a ldr/str [pc, #offset]
    // P and U set, B and W clear, Rn == pc, offset12 still 0
    ASSERT((instr & (7*B25 | P | U | B | W | 15*B16 | Off12Mask)) ==
           (2*B25 | P | U | pc.code()*B16));
    int delta = pc_ - rinfo.pc() - 8;
    ASSERT(delta >= -4);  // instr could be ldr pc, [pc, #-4] followed by targ32
    if (delta < 0) {
      instr &= ~U;
      delta = -delta;
    }
    ASSERT(is_uint12(delta));
    instr_at_put(rinfo.pc(), instr + delta);
    emit(rinfo.data());
  }
  num_prinfo_ = 0;
  last_const_pool_end_ = pc_offset();

  RecordComment("]");

  if (after_pool.is_linked()) {
    bind(&after_pool);
  }

  // Since a constant pool was just emitted, move the check offset forward by
  // the standard interval.
  next_buffer_check_ = pc_offset() + kCheckConstInterval;
}


} }  // namespace v8::internal