arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c - kernel/msm-4.9 - Gitiles

 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/timer.h>
 #include <linux/acpi_pmtmr.h>
 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
 #include <linux/dmi.h>
 #include <linux/delay.h>
 #include <linux/clocksource.h>
 #include <linux/percpu.h>

 #include <asm/hpet.h>
 #include <asm/timer.h>
 #include <asm/vgtod.h>
 #include <asm/time.h>
 #include <asm/delay.h>

 unsigned int cpu_khz;           /* TSC clocks / usec, not used here */
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_khz);
 unsigned int tsc_khz;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(tsc_khz);

 /*
  * TSC can be unstable due to cpufreq or due to unsynced TSCs
  */
 static int tsc_unstable;

 /* native_sched_clock() is called before tsc_init(), so
    we must start with the TSC soft disabled to prevent
    erroneous rdtsc usage on !cpu_has_tsc processors */
 static int tsc_disabled = -1;

 /*
  * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
  */
 u64 native_sched_clock(void)
 {
 	u64 this_offset;

 	/*
 	 * Fall back to jiffies if there's no TSC available:
 	 * ( But note that we still use it if the TSC is marked
 	 *   unstable. We do this because unlike Time Of Day,
 	 *   the scheduler clock tolerates small errors and it's
 	 *   very important for it to be as fast as the platform
 	 *   can achive it. )
 	 */
 	if (unlikely(tsc_disabled)) {
 		/* No locking but a rare wrong value is not a big deal: */
 		return (jiffies_64 - INITIAL_JIFFIES) * (1000000000 / HZ);
 	}

 	/* read the Time Stamp Counter: */
 	rdtscll(this_offset);

 	/* return the value in ns */
 	return cycles_2_ns(this_offset);
 }

 /* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
    weak default version */
 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
 unsigned long long sched_clock(void)
 {
 	return paravirt_sched_clock();
 }
 #else
 unsigned long long
 sched_clock(void) __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
 #endif

 int check_tsc_unstable(void)
 {
 	return tsc_unstable;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);

 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
 int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
 {
 	printk(KERN_WARNING "notsc: Kernel compiled with CONFIG_X86_TSC, "
 			"cannot disable TSC completely.\n");
 	tsc_disabled = 1;
 	return 1;
 }
 #else
 /*
  * disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
  * in cpu/common.c
  */
 int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
 {
 	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
 	return 1;
 }
 #endif

 __setup("notsc", notsc_setup);

 #define MAX_RETRIES     5
 #define SMI_TRESHOLD    50000

 /*
  * Read TSC and the reference counters. Take care of SMI disturbance
  */
 static u64 __init tsc_read_refs(u64 *pm, u64 *hpet)
 {
 	u64 t1, t2;
 	int i;

 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
 		t1 = get_cycles();
 		if (hpet)
 			*hpet = hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
 		else
 			*pm = acpi_pm_read_early();
 		t2 = get_cycles();
 		if ((t2 - t1) < SMI_TRESHOLD)
 			return t2;
 	}
 	return ULLONG_MAX;
 }

 /**
  * native_calibrate_tsc - calibrate the tsc on boot
  */
 unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void)
 {
 	unsigned long flags;
 	u64 tsc1, tsc2, tr1, tr2, delta, pm1, pm2, hpet1, hpet2;
 	int hpet = is_hpet_enabled();
 	unsigned int tsc_khz_val = 0;

 	local_irq_save(flags);

 	tsc1 = tsc_read_refs(&pm1, hpet ? &hpet1 : NULL);

 	outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);

 	outb(0xb0, 0x43);
 	outb((CLOCK_TICK_RATE / (1000 / 50)) & 0xff, 0x42);
 	outb((CLOCK_TICK_RATE / (1000 / 50)) >> 8, 0x42);
 	tr1 = get_cycles();
 	while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0);
 	tr2 = get_cycles();

 	tsc2 = tsc_read_refs(&pm2, hpet ? &hpet2 : NULL);

 	local_irq_restore(flags);

 	/*
 	 * Preset the result with the raw and inaccurate PIT
 	 * calibration value
 	 */
 	delta = (tr2 - tr1);
 	do_div(delta, 50);
 	tsc_khz_val = delta;

 	/* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
 	if (!hpet && !pm1 && !pm2) {
 		printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against PIT\n");
 		goto out;
 	}

 	/* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed by an SMI */
 	if (tsc1 == ULLONG_MAX || tsc2 == ULLONG_MAX) {
 		printk(KERN_WARNING "TSC calibration disturbed by SMI, "
 				"using PIT calibration result\n");
 		goto out;
 	}

 	tsc2 = (tsc2 - tsc1) * 1000000LL;

 	if (hpet) {
 		printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against HPET\n");
 		if (hpet2 < hpet1)
 			hpet2 += 0x100000000ULL;
 		hpet2 -= hpet1;
 		tsc1 = ((u64)hpet2 * hpet_readl(HPET_PERIOD));
 		do_div(tsc1, 1000000);
 	} else {
 		printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against PM_TIMER\n");
 		if (pm2 < pm1)
 			pm2 += (u64)ACPI_PM_OVRRUN;
 		pm2 -= pm1;
 		tsc1 = pm2 * 1000000000LL;
 		do_div(tsc1, PMTMR_TICKS_PER_SEC);
 	}

 	do_div(tsc2, tsc1);
 	tsc_khz_val = tsc2;

 out:
 	return tsc_khz_val;
 }


 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
 /* Only called from the Powernow K7 cpu freq driver */
 int recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
 {
 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
 	unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;

 	if (cpu_has_tsc) {
 		tsc_khz = calibrate_tsc();
 		cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
 		cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy =
 			cpufreq_scale(cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy,
 					cpu_khz_old, cpu_khz);
 		return 0;
 	} else
 		return -ENODEV;
 #else
 	return -ENODEV;
 #endif
 }

 EXPORT_SYMBOL(recalibrate_cpu_khz);

 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */

 /* Accelerators for sched_clock()
  * convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
  *  basic equation:
  *              ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
  *              ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
  *              ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
  *              ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
  *
  *      Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
  *              ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
  *              ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
  *
  *      And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
  *  into a shift.
  *
  *  We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision, since
  *  cyc2ns_scale is limited to 10^6 * 2^10, which fits in 32 bits.
  *  (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
  *
  *                      -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
  */

 DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, cyc2ns);

 static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long cpu_khz, int cpu)
 {
 	unsigned long long tsc_now, ns_now;
 	unsigned long flags, *scale;

 	local_irq_save(flags);
 	sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();

 	scale = &per_cpu(cyc2ns, cpu);

 	rdtscll(tsc_now);
 	ns_now = __cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);

 	if (cpu_khz)
 		*scale = (NSEC_PER_MSEC << CYC2NS_SCALE_FACTOR)/cpu_khz;

 	sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event(0);
 	local_irq_restore(flags);
 }

 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ

 /* Frequency scaling support. Adjust the TSC based timer when the cpu frequency
  * changes.
  *
  * RED-PEN: On SMP we assume all CPUs run with the same frequency.  It's
  * not that important because current Opteron setups do not support
  * scaling on SMP anyroads.
  *
  * Should fix up last_tsc too. Currently gettimeofday in the
  * first tick after the change will be slightly wrong.
  */

 static unsigned int  ref_freq;
 static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref;
 static unsigned long tsc_khz_ref;

 static int time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
 				void *data)
 {
 	struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
 	unsigned long *lpj, dummy;

 	if (cpu_has(&cpu_data(freq->cpu), X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
 		return 0;

 	lpj = &dummy;
 	if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 		lpj = &cpu_data(freq->cpu).loops_per_jiffy;
 #else
 	lpj = &boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy;
 #endif

 	if (!ref_freq) {
 		ref_freq = freq->old;
 		loops_per_jiffy_ref = *lpj;
 		tsc_khz_ref = tsc_khz;
 	}
 	if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE  && freq->old < freq->new) ||
 			(val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new) ||
 			(val == CPUFREQ_RESUMECHANGE)) {
 		*lpj = 	cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);

 		tsc_khz = cpufreq_scale(tsc_khz_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
 		if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
 			mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
 	}

 	set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz_ref, freq->cpu);

 	return 0;
 }

 static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
 	.notifier_call  = time_cpufreq_notifier
 };

 static int __init cpufreq_tsc(void)
 {
 	cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
 				CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
 	return 0;
 }

 core_initcall(cpufreq_tsc);

 #endif /* CONFIG_CPU_FREQ */

 /* clocksource code */

 static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc;

 /*
  * We compare the TSC to the cycle_last value in the clocksource
  * structure to avoid a nasty time-warp. This can be observed in a
  * very small window right after one CPU updated cycle_last under
  * xtime/vsyscall_gtod lock and the other CPU reads a TSC value which
  * is smaller than the cycle_last reference value due to a TSC which
  * is slighty behind. This delta is nowhere else observable, but in
  * that case it results in a forward time jump in the range of hours
  * due to the unsigned delta calculation of the time keeping core
  * code, which is necessary to support wrapping clocksources like pm
  * timer.
  */
 static cycle_t read_tsc(void)
 {
 	cycle_t ret = (cycle_t)get_cycles();

 	return ret >= clocksource_tsc.cycle_last ?
 		ret : clocksource_tsc.cycle_last;
 }

 static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void)
 {
 	cycle_t ret = (cycle_t)vget_cycles();

 	return ret >= __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last ?
 		ret : __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last;
 }

 static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
 	.name                   = "tsc",
 	.rating                 = 300,
 	.read                   = read_tsc,
 	.mask                   = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
 	.shift                  = 22,
 	.flags                  = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
 				  CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 	.vread                  = vread_tsc,
 #endif
 };

 void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
 {
 	if (!tsc_unstable) {
 		tsc_unstable = 1;
 		printk("Marking TSC unstable due to %s\n", reason);
 		/* Change only the rating, when not registered */
 		if (clocksource_tsc.mult)
 			clocksource_change_rating(&clocksource_tsc, 0);
 		else
 			clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
 	}
 }

 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);

 static int __init dmi_mark_tsc_unstable(const struct dmi_system_id *d)
 {
 	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s detected: marking TSC unstable.\n",
 			d->ident);
 	tsc_unstable = 1;
 	return 0;
 }

 /* List of systems that have known TSC problems */
 static struct dmi_system_id __initdata bad_tsc_dmi_table[] = {
 	{
 		.callback = dmi_mark_tsc_unstable,
 		.ident = "IBM Thinkpad 380XD",
 		.matches = {
 			DMI_MATCH(DMI_BOARD_VENDOR, "IBM"),
 			DMI_MATCH(DMI_BOARD_NAME, "2635FA0"),
 		},
 	},
 	{}
 };

 /*
  * Geode_LX - the OLPC CPU has a possibly a very reliable TSC
  */
 #ifdef CONFIG_MGEODE_LX
 /* RTSC counts during suspend */
 #define RTSC_SUSP 0x100

 static void __init check_geode_tsc_reliable(void)
 {
 	unsigned long res_low, res_high;

 	rdmsr_safe(MSR_GEODE_BUSCONT_CONF0, &res_low, &res_high);
 	if (res_low & RTSC_SUSP)
 		clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
 }
 #else
 static inline void check_geode_tsc_reliable(void) { }
 #endif

 /*
  * Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
  * over all CPUs.
  */
 __cpuinit int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
 {
 	if (!cpu_has_tsc || tsc_unstable)
 		return 1;

 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 	if (apic_is_clustered_box())
 		return 1;
 #endif

 	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
 		return 0;
 	/*
 	 * Intel systems are normally all synchronized.
 	 * Exceptions must mark TSC as unstable:
 	 */
 	if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL) {
 		/* assume multi socket systems are not synchronized: */
 		if (num_possible_cpus() > 1)
 			tsc_unstable = 1;
 	}

 	return tsc_unstable;
 }

 static void __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
 {
 	clocksource_tsc.mult = clocksource_khz2mult(tsc_khz,
 			clocksource_tsc.shift);
 	/* lower the rating if we already know its unstable: */
 	if (check_tsc_unstable()) {
 		clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
 		clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS;
 	}
 	clocksource_register(&clocksource_tsc);
 }

 void __init tsc_init(void)
 {
 	u64 lpj;
 	int cpu;

 	if (!cpu_has_tsc)
 		return;

 	tsc_khz = calibrate_tsc();
 	cpu_khz = tsc_khz;

 	if (!tsc_khz) {
 		mark_tsc_unstable("could not calculate TSC khz");
 		return;
 	}

 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 	if (cpu_has(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC) &&
 			(boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD))
 		cpu_khz = calibrate_cpu();
 #endif

 	lpj = ((u64)tsc_khz * 1000);
 	do_div(lpj, HZ);
 	lpj_fine = lpj;

 	printk("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor.\n",
 			(unsigned long)cpu_khz / 1000,
 			(unsigned long)cpu_khz % 1000);

 	/*
 	 * Secondary CPUs do not run through tsc_init(), so set up
 	 * all the scale factors for all CPUs, assuming the same
 	 * speed as the bootup CPU. (cpufreq notifiers will fix this
 	 * up if their speed diverges)
 	 */
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
 		set_cyc2ns_scale(cpu_khz, cpu);

 	if (tsc_disabled > 0)
 		return;

 	/* now allow native_sched_clock() to use rdtsc */
 	tsc_disabled = 0;

 	use_tsc_delay();
 	/* Check and install the TSC clocksource */
 	dmi_check_system(bad_tsc_dmi_table);

 	if (unsynchronized_tsc())
 		mark_tsc_unstable("TSCs unsynchronized");

 	check_geode_tsc_reliable();
 	init_tsc_clocksource();
 }
	#include <linux/kernel.h>
	#include <linux/sched.h>
	#include <linux/init.h>
	#include <linux/module.h>
	#include <linux/timer.h>
	#include <linux/acpi_pmtmr.h>
	#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
	#include <linux/dmi.h>
	#include <linux/delay.h>
	#include <linux/clocksource.h>
	#include <linux/percpu.h>

	#include <asm/hpet.h>
	#include <asm/timer.h>
	#include <asm/vgtod.h>
	#include <asm/time.h>
	#include <asm/delay.h>

	unsigned int cpu_khz; /* TSC clocks / usec, not used here */
	EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_khz);
	unsigned int tsc_khz;
	EXPORT_SYMBOL(tsc_khz);

	/*
	* TSC can be unstable due to cpufreq or due to unsynced TSCs
	*/
	static int tsc_unstable;

	/* native_sched_clock() is called before tsc_init(), so
	we must start with the TSC soft disabled to prevent
	erroneous rdtsc usage on !cpu_has_tsc processors */
	static int tsc_disabled = -1;

	/*
	* Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
	*/
	u64 native_sched_clock(void)
	{
	u64 this_offset;

	/*
	* Fall back to jiffies if there's no TSC available:
	* ( But note that we still use it if the TSC is marked
	* unstable. We do this because unlike Time Of Day,
	* the scheduler clock tolerates small errors and it's
	* very important for it to be as fast as the platform
	* can achive it. )
	*/
	if (unlikely(tsc_disabled)) {
	/* No locking but a rare wrong value is not a big deal: */
	return (jiffies_64 - INITIAL_JIFFIES) * (1000000000 / HZ);
	}

	/* read the Time Stamp Counter: */
	rdtscll(this_offset);

	/* return the value in ns */
	return cycles_2_ns(this_offset);
	}

	/* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
	weak default version */
	#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
	unsigned long long sched_clock(void)
	{
	return paravirt_sched_clock();
	}
	#else
	unsigned long long
	sched_clock(void) __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
	#endif

	int check_tsc_unstable(void)
	{
	return tsc_unstable;
	}
	EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);

	#ifdef CONFIG_X86_TSC
	int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
	{
	printk(KERN_WARNING "notsc: Kernel compiled with CONFIG_X86_TSC, "
	"cannot disable TSC completely.\n");
	tsc_disabled = 1;
	return 1;
	}
	#else
	/*
	* disable flag for tsc. Takes effect by clearing the TSC cpu flag
	* in cpu/common.c
	*/
	int __init notsc_setup(char *str)
	{
	setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_TSC);
	return 1;
	}
	#endif

	__setup("notsc", notsc_setup);

	#define MAX_RETRIES 5
	#define SMI_TRESHOLD 50000

	/*
	* Read TSC and the reference counters. Take care of SMI disturbance
	*/
	static u64 __init tsc_read_refs(u64 pm, u64 hpet)
	{
	u64 t1, t2;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
	t1 = get_cycles();
	if (hpet)
	*hpet = hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
	else
	*pm = acpi_pm_read_early();
	t2 = get_cycles();
	if ((t2 - t1) < SMI_TRESHOLD)
	return t2;
	}
	return ULLONG_MAX;
	}

	/**
	* native_calibrate_tsc - calibrate the tsc on boot
	*/
	unsigned long native_calibrate_tsc(void)
	{
	unsigned long flags;
	u64 tsc1, tsc2, tr1, tr2, delta, pm1, pm2, hpet1, hpet2;
	int hpet = is_hpet_enabled();
	unsigned int tsc_khz_val = 0;

	local_irq_save(flags);

	tsc1 = tsc_read_refs(&pm1, hpet ? &hpet1 : NULL);

	outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) \| 0x01, 0x61);

	outb(0xb0, 0x43);
	outb((CLOCK_TICK_RATE / (1000 / 50)) & 0xff, 0x42);
	outb((CLOCK_TICK_RATE / (1000 / 50)) >> 8, 0x42);
	tr1 = get_cycles();
	while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0);
	tr2 = get_cycles();

	tsc2 = tsc_read_refs(&pm2, hpet ? &hpet2 : NULL);

	local_irq_restore(flags);

	/*
	* Preset the result with the raw and inaccurate PIT
	* calibration value
	*/
	delta = (tr2 - tr1);
	do_div(delta, 50);
	tsc_khz_val = delta;

	/* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
	if (!hpet && !pm1 && !pm2) {
	printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against PIT\n");
	goto out;
	}

	/* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed by an SMI */
	if (tsc1 == ULLONG_MAX \|\| tsc2 == ULLONG_MAX) {
	printk(KERN_WARNING "TSC calibration disturbed by SMI, "
	"using PIT calibration result\n");
	goto out;
	}

	tsc2 = (tsc2 - tsc1) * 1000000LL;

	if (hpet) {
	printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against HPET\n");
	if (hpet2 < hpet1)
	hpet2 += 0x100000000ULL;
	hpet2 -= hpet1;
	tsc1 = ((u64)hpet2 * hpet_readl(HPET_PERIOD));
	do_div(tsc1, 1000000);
	} else {
	printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against PM_TIMER\n");
	if (pm2 < pm1)
	pm2 += (u64)ACPI_PM_OVRRUN;
	pm2 -= pm1;
	tsc1 = pm2 * 1000000000LL;
	do_div(tsc1, PMTMR_TICKS_PER_SEC);
	}

	do_div(tsc2, tsc1);
	tsc_khz_val = tsc2;

	out:
	return tsc_khz_val;
	}


	#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
	/* Only called from the Powernow K7 cpu freq driver */
	int recalibrate_cpu_khz(void)
	{
	#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
	unsigned long cpu_khz_old = cpu_khz;

	if (cpu_has_tsc) {
	tsc_khz = calibrate_tsc();
	cpu_khz = tsc_khz;
	cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy =
	cpufreq_scale(cpu_data(0).loops_per_jiffy,
	cpu_khz_old, cpu_khz);
	return 0;
	} else
	return -ENODEV;
	#else
	return -ENODEV;
	#endif
	}

	EXPORT_SYMBOL(recalibrate_cpu_khz);

	#endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */

	/* Accelerators for sched_clock()
	* convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
	* basic equation:
	* ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
	* ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
	* ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
	* ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
	*
	* Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
	* ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
	* ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
	*
	* And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
	* into a shift.
	*
	* We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision, since
	* cyc2ns_scale is limited to 10^6 * 2^10, which fits in 32 bits.
	* (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
	*
	* -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
	*/

	DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, cyc2ns);

	static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long cpu_khz, int cpu)
	{
	unsigned long long tsc_now, ns_now;
	unsigned long flags, *scale;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();

	scale = &per_cpu(cyc2ns, cpu);

	rdtscll(tsc_now);
	ns_now = __cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);

	if (cpu_khz)
	*scale = (NSEC_PER_MSEC << CYC2NS_SCALE_FACTOR)/cpu_khz;

	sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event(0);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	}

	#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ

	/* Frequency scaling support. Adjust the TSC based timer when the cpu frequency
	* changes.
	*
	* RED-PEN: On SMP we assume all CPUs run with the same frequency. It's
	* not that important because current Opteron setups do not support
	* scaling on SMP anyroads.
	*
	* Should fix up last_tsc too. Currently gettimeofday in the
	* first tick after the change will be slightly wrong.
	*/

	static unsigned int ref_freq;
	static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref;
	static unsigned long tsc_khz_ref;

	static int time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
	void *data)
	{
	struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
	unsigned long *lpj, dummy;

	if (cpu_has(&cpu_data(freq->cpu), X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
	return 0;

	lpj = &dummy;
	if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
	#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	lpj = &cpu_data(freq->cpu).loops_per_jiffy;
	#else
	lpj = &boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy;
	#endif

	if (!ref_freq) {
	ref_freq = freq->old;
	loops_per_jiffy_ref = *lpj;
	tsc_khz_ref = tsc_khz;
	}
	if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE && freq->old < freq->new) \|\|
	(val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new) \|\|
	(val == CPUFREQ_RESUMECHANGE)) {
	*lpj = cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);

	tsc_khz = cpufreq_scale(tsc_khz_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
	if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
	mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
	}

	set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz_ref, freq->cpu);

	return 0;
	}

	static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
	.notifier_call = time_cpufreq_notifier
	};

	static int __init cpufreq_tsc(void)
	{
	cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
	CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
	return 0;
	}

	core_initcall(cpufreq_tsc);

	#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_FREQ */

	/* clocksource code */

	static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc;

	/*
	* We compare the TSC to the cycle_last value in the clocksource
	* structure to avoid a nasty time-warp. This can be observed in a
	* very small window right after one CPU updated cycle_last under
	* xtime/vsyscall_gtod lock and the other CPU reads a TSC value which
	* is smaller than the cycle_last reference value due to a TSC which
	* is slighty behind. This delta is nowhere else observable, but in
	* that case it results in a forward time jump in the range of hours
	* due to the unsigned delta calculation of the time keeping core
	* code, which is necessary to support wrapping clocksources like pm
	* timer.
	*/
	static cycle_t read_tsc(void)
	{
	cycle_t ret = (cycle_t)get_cycles();

	return ret >= clocksource_tsc.cycle_last ?
	ret : clocksource_tsc.cycle_last;
	}

	static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void)
	{
	cycle_t ret = (cycle_t)vget_cycles();

	return ret >= __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last ?
	ret : __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last;
	}

	static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
	.name = "tsc",
	.rating = 300,
	.read = read_tsc,
	.mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
	.shift = 22,
	.flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS \|
	CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
	#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	.vread = vread_tsc,
	#endif
	};

	void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
	{
	if (!tsc_unstable) {
	tsc_unstable = 1;
	printk("Marking TSC unstable due to %s\n", reason);
	/* Change only the rating, when not registered */
	if (clocksource_tsc.mult)
	clocksource_change_rating(&clocksource_tsc, 0);
	else
	clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
	}
	}

	EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);

	static int __init dmi_mark_tsc_unstable(const struct dmi_system_id *d)
	{
	printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s detected: marking TSC unstable.\n",
	d->ident);
	tsc_unstable = 1;
	return 0;
	}

	/* List of systems that have known TSC problems */
	static struct dmi_system_id __initdata bad_tsc_dmi_table[] = {
	{
	.callback = dmi_mark_tsc_unstable,
	.ident = "IBM Thinkpad 380XD",
	.matches = {
	DMI_MATCH(DMI_BOARD_VENDOR, "IBM"),
	DMI_MATCH(DMI_BOARD_NAME, "2635FA0"),
	},
	},
	{}
	};

	/*
	* Geode_LX - the OLPC CPU has a possibly a very reliable TSC
	*/
	#ifdef CONFIG_MGEODE_LX
	/* RTSC counts during suspend */
	#define RTSC_SUSP 0x100

	static void __init check_geode_tsc_reliable(void)
	{
	unsigned long res_low, res_high;

	rdmsr_safe(MSR_GEODE_BUSCONT_CONF0, &res_low, &res_high);
	if (res_low & RTSC_SUSP)
	clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY;
	}
	#else
	static inline void check_geode_tsc_reliable(void) { }
	#endif

	/*
	* Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
	* over all CPUs.
	*/
	__cpuinit int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
	{
	if (!cpu_has_tsc \|\| tsc_unstable)
	return 1;

	#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	if (apic_is_clustered_box())
	return 1;
	#endif

	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
	return 0;
	/*
	* Intel systems are normally all synchronized.
	* Exceptions must mark TSC as unstable:
	*/
	if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_INTEL) {
	/* assume multi socket systems are not synchronized: */
	if (num_possible_cpus() > 1)
	tsc_unstable = 1;
	}

	return tsc_unstable;
	}

	static void __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
	{
	clocksource_tsc.mult = clocksource_khz2mult(tsc_khz,
	clocksource_tsc.shift);
	/* lower the rating if we already know its unstable: */
	if (check_tsc_unstable()) {
	clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
	clocksource_tsc.flags &= ~CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS;
	}
	clocksource_register(&clocksource_tsc);
	}

	void __init tsc_init(void)
	{
	u64 lpj;
	int cpu;

	if (!cpu_has_tsc)
	return;

	tsc_khz = calibrate_tsc();
	cpu_khz = tsc_khz;

	if (!tsc_khz) {
	mark_tsc_unstable("could not calculate TSC khz");
	return;
	}

	#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	if (cpu_has(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC) &&
	(boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD))
	cpu_khz = calibrate_cpu();
	#endif

	lpj = ((u64)tsc_khz * 1000);
	do_div(lpj, HZ);
	lpj_fine = lpj;

	printk("Detected %lu.%03lu MHz processor.\n",
	(unsigned long)cpu_khz / 1000,
	(unsigned long)cpu_khz % 1000);

	/*
	* Secondary CPUs do not run through tsc_init(), so set up
	* all the scale factors for all CPUs, assuming the same
	* speed as the bootup CPU. (cpufreq notifiers will fix this
	* up if their speed diverges)
	*/
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
	set_cyc2ns_scale(cpu_khz, cpu);

	if (tsc_disabled > 0)
	return;

	/* now allow native_sched_clock() to use rdtsc */
	tsc_disabled = 0;

	use_tsc_delay();
	/* Check and install the TSC clocksource */
	dmi_check_system(bad_tsc_dmi_table);

	if (unsynchronized_tsc())
	mark_tsc_unstable("TSCs unsynchronized");

	check_geode_tsc_reliable();
	init_tsc_clocksource();
	}