kernel/exit.c

/*
 *  linux/kernel/exit.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/iocontext.h>
#include <linux/key.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/acct.h>
#include <linux/tsacct_kern.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/fdtable.h>
#include <linux/binfmts.h>
#include <linux/nsproxy.h>
#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/posix-timers.h>
#include <linux/cn_proc.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/futex.h>
#include <linux/pipe_fs_i.h>
#include <linux/audit.h> /* for audit_free() */
#include <linux/resource.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/tracehook.h>
#include <linux/fs_struct.h>
#include <linux/init_task.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <trace/events/sched.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include "cred-internals.h"

static void exit_mm(struct task_struct * tsk);

static void __unhash_process(struct task_struct *p)
{
	nr_threads--;
	detach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PID);
	if (thread_group_leader(p)) {
		detach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_PGID);
		detach_pid(p, PIDTYPE_SID);

		list_del_rcu(&p->tasks);
		__get_cpu_var(process_counts)--;
	}
	list_del_rcu(&p->thread_group);
	list_del_init(&p->sibling);
}

/*
 * This function expects the tasklist_lock write-locked.
 */
static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
	struct signal_struct *sig = tsk->signal;
	struct sighand_struct *sighand;

	BUG_ON(!sig);
	BUG_ON(!atomic_read(&sig->count));

	sighand = rcu_dereference(tsk->sighand);
	spin_lock(&sighand->siglock);

	posix_cpu_timers_exit(tsk);
	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sig->count))
		posix_cpu_timers_exit_group(tsk);
	else {
		/*
		 * If there is any task waiting for the group exit
		 * then notify it:
		 */
		if (sig->group_exit_task && atomic_read(&sig->count) == sig->notify_count)
			wake_up_process(sig->group_exit_task);

		if (tsk == sig->curr_target)
			sig->curr_target = next_thread(tsk);
		/*
		 * Accumulate here the counters for all threads but the
		 * group leader as they die, so they can be added into
		 * the process-wide totals when those are taken.
		 * The group leader stays around as a zombie as long
		 * as there are other threads.  When it gets reaped,
		 * the exit.c code will add its counts into these totals.
		 * We won't ever get here for the group leader, since it
		 * will have been the last reference on the signal_struct.
		 */
		sig->utime = cputime_add(sig->utime, task_utime(tsk));
		sig->stime = cputime_add(sig->stime, task_stime(tsk));
		sig->gtime = cputime_add(sig->gtime, task_gtime(tsk));
		sig->min_flt += tsk->min_flt;
		sig->maj_flt += tsk->maj_flt;
		sig->nvcsw += tsk->nvcsw;
		sig->nivcsw += tsk->nivcsw;
		sig->inblock += task_io_get_inblock(tsk);
		sig->oublock += task_io_get_oublock(tsk);
		task_io_accounting_add(&sig->ioac, &tsk->ioac);
		sig->sum_sched_runtime += tsk->se.sum_exec_runtime;
		sig = NULL; /* Marker for below. */
	}

	__unhash_process(tsk);

	/*
	 * Do this under ->siglock, we can race with another thread
	 * doing sigqueue_free() if we have SIGQUEUE_PREALLOC signals.
	 */
	flush_sigqueue(&tsk->pending);

	tsk->signal = NULL;
	tsk->sighand = NULL;
	spin_unlock(&sighand->siglock);

	__cleanup_sighand(sighand);
	clear_tsk_thread_flag(tsk,TIF_SIGPENDING);
	if (sig) {
		flush_sigqueue(&sig->shared_pending);
		taskstats_tgid_free(sig);
		/*
		 * Make sure ->signal can't go away under rq->lock,
		 * see account_group_exec_runtime().
		 */
		task_rq_unlock_wait(tsk);
		__cleanup_signal(sig);
	}
}

static void delayed_put_task_struct(struct rcu_head *rhp)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = container_of(rhp, struct task_struct, rcu);

#ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
	WARN_ON_ONCE(tsk->perf_event_ctxp);
#endif
	trace_sched_process_free(tsk);
	put_task_struct(tsk);
}


void release_task(struct task_struct * p)
{
	struct task_struct *leader;
	int zap_leader;
repeat:
	tracehook_prepare_release_task(p);
	/* don't need to get the RCU readlock here - the process is dead and
	 * can't be modifying its own credentials */
	atomic_dec(&__task_cred(p)->user->processes);

	proc_flush_task(p);

	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	tracehook_finish_release_task(p);
	__exit_signal(p);

	/*
	 * If we are the last non-leader member of the thread
	 * group, and the leader is zombie, then notify the
	 * group leader's parent process. (if it wants notification.)
	 */
	zap_leader = 0;
	leader = p->group_leader;
	if (leader != p && thread_group_empty(leader) && leader->exit_state == EXIT_ZOMBIE) {
		BUG_ON(task_detached(leader));
		do_notify_parent(leader, leader->exit_signal);
		/*
		 * If we were the last child thread and the leader has
		 * exited already, and the leader's parent ignores SIGCHLD,
		 * then we are the one who should release the leader.
		 *
		 * do_notify_parent() will have marked it self-reaping in
		 * that case.
		 */
		zap_leader = task_detached(leader);

		/*
		 * This maintains the invariant that release_task()
		 * only runs on a task in EXIT_DEAD, just for sanity.
		 */
		if (zap_leader)
			leader->exit_state = EXIT_DEAD;
	}

	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	release_thread(p);
	call_rcu(&p->rcu, delayed_put_task_struct);

	p = leader;
	if (unlikely(zap_leader))
		goto repeat;
}

/*
 * This checks not only the pgrp, but falls back on the pid if no
 * satisfactory pgrp is found. I dunno - gdb doesn't work correctly
 * without this...
 *
 * The caller must hold rcu lock or the tasklist lock.
 */
struct pid *session_of_pgrp(struct pid *pgrp)
{
	struct task_struct *p;
	struct pid *sid = NULL;

	p = pid_task(pgrp, PIDTYPE_PGID);
	if (p == NULL)
		p = pid_task(pgrp, PIDTYPE_PID);
	if (p != NULL)
		sid = task_session(p);

	return sid;
}

/*
 * Determine if a process group is "orphaned", according to the POSIX
 * definition in 2.2.2.52.  Orphaned process groups are not to be affected
 * by terminal-generated stop signals.  Newly orphaned process groups are
 * to receive a SIGHUP and a SIGCONT.
 *
 * "I ask you, have you ever known what it is to be an orphan?"
 */
static int will_become_orphaned_pgrp(struct pid *pgrp, struct task_struct *ignored_task)
{
	struct task_struct *p;

	do_each_pid_task(pgrp, PIDTYPE_PGID, p) {
		if ((p == ignored_task) ||
		    (p->exit_state && thread_group_empty(p)) ||
		    is_global_init(p->real_parent))
			continue;

		if (task_pgrp(p->real_parent) != pgrp &&
		    task_session(p->real_parent) == task_session(p))
			return 0;
	} while_each_pid_task(pgrp, PIDTYPE_PGID, p);

	return 1;
}

int is_current_pgrp_orphaned(void)
{
	int retval;

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	retval = will_become_orphaned_pgrp(task_pgrp(current), NULL);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	return retval;
}

static int has_stopped_jobs(struct pid *pgrp)
{
	int retval = 0;
	struct task_struct *p;

	do_each_pid_task(pgrp, PIDTYPE_PGID, p) {
		if (!task_is_stopped(p))
			continue;
		retval = 1;
		break;
	} while_each_pid_task(pgrp, PIDTYPE_PGID, p);
	return retval;
}

/*
 * Check to see if any process groups have become orphaned as
 * a result of our exiting, and if they have any stopped jobs,
 * send them a SIGHUP and then a SIGCONT. (POSIX 3.2.2.2)
 */
static void
kill_orphaned_pgrp(struct task_struct *tsk, struct task_struct *parent)
{
	struct pid *pgrp = task_pgrp(tsk);
	struct task_struct *ignored_task = tsk;

	if (!parent)
		 /* exit: our father is in a different pgrp than
		  * we are and we were the only connection outside.
		  */
		parent = tsk->real_parent;
	else
		/* reparent: our child is in a different pgrp than
		 * we are, and it was the only connection outside.
		 */
		ignored_task = NULL;

	if (task_pgrp(parent) != pgrp &&
	    task_session(parent) == task_session(tsk) &&
	    will_become_orphaned_pgrp(pgrp, ignored_task) &&
	    has_stopped_jobs(pgrp)) {
		__kill_pgrp_info(SIGHUP, SEND_SIG_PRIV, pgrp);
		__kill_pgrp_info(SIGCONT, SEND_SIG_PRIV, pgrp);
	}
}

/**
 * reparent_to_kthreadd - Reparent the calling kernel thread to kthreadd
 *
 * If a kernel thread is launched as a result of a system call, or if
 * it ever exits, it should generally reparent itself to kthreadd so it
 * isn't in the way of other processes and is correctly cleaned up on exit.
 *
 * The various task state such as scheduling policy and priority may have
 * been inherited from a user process, so we reset them to sane values here.
 *
 * NOTE that reparent_to_kthreadd() gives the caller full capabilities.
 */
static void reparent_to_kthreadd(void)
{
	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

	ptrace_unlink(current);
	/* Reparent to init */
	current->real_parent = current->parent = kthreadd_task;
	list_move_tail(&current->sibling, &current->real_parent->children);

	/* Set the exit signal to SIGCHLD so we signal init on exit */
	current->exit_signal = SIGCHLD;

	if (task_nice(current) < 0)
		set_user_nice(current, 0);
	/* cpus_allowed? */
	/* rt_priority? */
	/* signals? */
	memcpy(current->signal->rlim, init_task.signal->rlim,
	       sizeof(current->signal->rlim));

	atomic_inc(&init_cred.usage);
	commit_creds(&init_cred);
	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
}

void __set_special_pids(struct pid *pid)
{
	struct task_struct *curr = current->group_leader;

	if (task_session(curr) != pid) {
		change_pid(curr, PIDTYPE_SID, pid);
		proc_sid_connector(curr);
	}

	if (task_pgrp(curr) != pid)
		change_pid(curr, PIDTYPE_PGID, pid);
}

static void set_special_pids(struct pid *pid)
{
	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	__set_special_pids(pid);
	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
}

/*
 * Let kernel threads use this to say that they allow a certain signal.
 * Must not be used if kthread was cloned with CLONE_SIGHAND.
 */
int allow_signal(int sig)
{
	if (!valid_signal(sig) || sig < 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
	/* This is only needed for daemonize()'ed kthreads */
	sigdelset(&current->blocked, sig);
	/*
	 * Kernel threads handle their own signals. Let the signal code
	 * know it'll be handled, so that they don't get converted to
	 * SIGKILL or just silently dropped.
	 */
	current->sighand->action[(sig)-1].sa.sa_handler = (void __user *)2;
	recalc_sigpending();
	spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
	return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(allow_signal);

int disallow_signal(int sig)
{
	if (!valid_signal(sig) || sig < 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
	current->sighand->action[(sig)-1].sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
	recalc_sigpending();
	spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
	return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(disallow_signal);

/*
 *	Put all the gunge required to become a kernel thread without
 *	attached user resources in one place where it belongs.
 */

void daemonize(const char *name, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	sigset_t blocked;

	va_start(args, name);
	vsnprintf(current->comm, sizeof(current->comm), name, args);
	va_end(args);

	/*
	 * If we were started as result of loading a module, close all of the
	 * user space pages.  We don't need them, and if we didn't close them
	 * they would be locked into memory.
	 */
	exit_mm(current);
	/*
	 * We don't want to have TIF_FREEZE set if the system-wide hibernation
	 * or suspend transition begins right now.
	 */
	current->flags |= (PF_NOFREEZE | PF_KTHREAD);

	if (current->nsproxy != &init_nsproxy) {
		get_nsproxy(&init_nsproxy);
		switch_task_namespaces(current, &init_nsproxy);
	}
	set_special_pids(&init_struct_pid);
	proc_clear_tty(current);

	/* Block and flush all signals */
	sigfillset(&blocked);
	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked, NULL);
	flush_signals(current);

	/* Become as one with the init task */

	daemonize_fs_struct();
	exit_files(current);
	current->files = init_task.files;
	atomic_inc(&current->files->count);

	reparent_to_kthreadd();
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(daemonize);

static void close_files(struct files_struct * files)
{
	int i, j;
	struct fdtable *fdt;

	j = 0;

	/*
	 * It is safe to dereference the fd table without RCU or
	 * ->file_lock because this is the last reference to the
	 * files structure.
	 */
	fdt = files_fdtable(files);
	for (;;) {
		unsigned long set;
		i = j * __NFDBITS;
		if (i >= fdt->max_fds)
			break;
		set = fdt->open_fds->fds_bits[j++];
		while (set) {
			if (set & 1) {
				struct file * file = xchg(&fdt->fd[i], NULL);
				if (file) {
					filp_close(file, files);
					cond_resched();
				}
			}
			i++;
			set >>= 1;
		}
	}
}

struct files_struct *get_files_struct(struct task_struct *task)
{
	struct files_struct *files;

	task_lock(task);
	files = task->files;
	if (files)
		atomic_inc(&files->count);
	task_unlock(task);

	return files;
}

void put_files_struct(struct files_struct *files)
{
	struct fdtable *fdt;

	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&files->count)) {
		close_files(files);
		/*
		 * Free the fd and fdset arrays if we expanded them.
		 * If the fdtable was embedded, pass files for freeing
		 * at the end of the RCU grace period. Otherwise,
		 * you can free files immediately.
		 */
		fdt = files_fdtable(files);
		if (fdt != &files->fdtab)
			kmem_cache_free(files_cachep, files);
		free_fdtable(fdt);
	}
}

void reset_files_struct(struct files_struct *files)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
	struct files_struct *old;

	old = tsk->files;
	task_lock(tsk);
	tsk->files = files;
	task_unlock(tsk);
	put_files_struct(old);
}

void exit_files(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
	struct files_struct * files = tsk->files;

	if (files) {
		task_lock(tsk);
		tsk->files = NULL;
		task_unlock(tsk);
		put_files_struct(files);
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MM_OWNER
/*
 * Task p is exiting and it owned mm, lets find a new owner for it
 */
static inline int
mm_need_new_owner(struct mm_struct *mm, struct task_struct *p)
{
	/*
	 * If there are other users of the mm and the owner (us) is exiting
	 * we need to find a new owner to take on the responsibility.
	 */
	if (atomic_read(&mm->mm_users) <= 1)
		return 0;
	if (mm->owner != p)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

void mm_update_next_owner(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
	struct task_struct *c, *g, *p = current;

retry:
	if (!mm_need_new_owner(mm, p))
		return;

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	/*
	 * Search in the children
	 */
	list_for_each_entry(c, &p->children, sibling) {
		if (c->mm == mm)
			goto assign_new_owner;
	}

	/*
	 * Search in the siblings
	 */
	list_for_each_entry(c, &p->real_parent->children, sibling) {
		if (c->mm == mm)
			goto assign_new_owner;
	}

	/*
	 * Search through everything else. We should not get
	 * here often
	 */
	do_each_thread(g, c) {
		if (c->mm == mm)
			goto assign_new_owner;
	} while_each_thread(g, c);

	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	/*
	 * We found no owner yet mm_users > 1: this implies that we are
	 * most likely racing with swapoff (try_to_unuse()) or /proc or
	 * ptrace or page migration (get_task_mm()).  Mark owner as NULL.
	 */
	mm->owner = NULL;
	return;

assign_new_owner:
	BUG_ON(c == p);
	get_task_struct(c);
	/*
	 * The task_lock protects c->mm from changing.
	 * We always want mm->owner->mm == mm
	 */
	task_lock(c);
	/*
	 * Delay read_unlock() till we have the task_lock()
	 * to ensure that c does not slip away underneath us
	 */
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	if (c->mm != mm) {
		task_unlock(c);
		put_task_struct(c);
		goto retry;
	}
	mm->owner = c;
	task_unlock(c);
	put_task_struct(c);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MM_OWNER */

/*
 * Turn us into a lazy TLB process if we
 * aren't already..
 */
static void exit_mm(struct task_struct * tsk)
{
	struct mm_struct *mm = tsk->mm;
	struct core_state *core_state;

	mm_release(tsk, mm);
	if (!mm)
		return;
	/*
	 * Serialize with any possible pending coredump.
	 * We must hold mmap_sem around checking core_state
	 * and clearing tsk->mm.  The core-inducing thread
	 * will increment ->nr_threads for each thread in the
	 * group with ->mm != NULL.
	 */
	down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	core_state = mm->core_state;
	if (core_state) {
		struct core_thread self;
		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

		self.task = tsk;
		self.next = xchg(&core_state->dumper.next, &self);
		/*
		 * Implies mb(), the result of xchg() must be visible
		 * to core_state->dumper.
		 */
		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&core_state->nr_threads))
			complete(&core_state->startup);

		for (;;) {
			set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
			if (!self.task) /* see coredump_finish() */
				break;
			schedule();
		}
		__set_task_state(tsk, TASK_RUNNING);
		down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	}
	atomic_inc(&mm->mm_count);
	BUG_ON(mm != tsk->active_mm);
	/* more a memory barrier than a real lock */
	task_lock(tsk);
	tsk->mm = NULL;
	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
	enter_lazy_tlb(mm, current);
	/* We don't want this task to be frozen prematurely */
	clear_freeze_flag(tsk);
	task_unlock(tsk);
	mm_update_next_owner(mm);
	mmput(mm);
}

/*
 * When we die, we re-parent all our children.
 * Try to give them to another thread in our thread
 * group, and if no such member exists, give it to
 * the child reaper process (ie "init") in our pid
 * space.
 */
static struct task_struct *find_new_reaper(struct task_struct *father)
{
	struct pid_namespace *pid_ns = task_active_pid_ns(father);
	struct task_struct *thread;

	thread = father;
	while_each_thread(father, thread) {
		if (thread->flags & PF_EXITING)
			continue;
		if (unlikely(pid_ns->child_reaper == father))
			pid_ns->child_reaper = thread;
		return thread;
	}

	if (unlikely(pid_ns->child_reaper == father)) {
		write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
		if (unlikely(pid_ns == &init_pid_ns))
			panic("Attempted to kill init!");

		zap_pid_ns_processes(pid_ns);
		write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
		/*
		 * We can not clear ->child_reaper or leave it alone.
		 * There may by stealth EXIT_DEAD tasks on ->children,
		 * forget_original_parent() must move them somewhere.
		 */
		pid_ns->child_reaper = init_pid_ns.child_reaper;
	}

	return pid_ns->child_reaper;
}

/*
* Any that need to be release_task'd are put on the @dead list.
 */
static void reparent_thread(struct task_struct *father, struct task_struct *p,
				struct list_head *dead)
{
	if (p->pdeath_signal)
		group_send_sig_info(p->pdeath_signal, SEND_SIG_NOINFO, p);

	list_move_tail(&p->sibling, &p->real_parent->children);

	if (task_detached(p))
		return;
	/*
	 * If this is a threaded reparent there is no need to
	 * notify anyone anything has happened.
	 */
	if (same_thread_group(p->real_parent, father))
		return;

	/* We don't want people slaying init.  */
	p->exit_signal = SIGCHLD;

	/* If it has exited notify the new parent about this child's death. */
	if (!task_ptrace(p) &&
	    p->exit_state == EXIT_ZOMBIE && thread_group_empty(p)) {
		do_notify_parent(p, p->exit_signal);
		if (task_detached(p)) {
			p->exit_state = EXIT_DEAD;
			list_move_tail(&p->sibling, dead);
		}
	}

	kill_orphaned_pgrp(p, father);
}

static void forget_original_parent(struct task_struct *father)
{
	struct task_struct *p, *n, *reaper;
	LIST_HEAD(dead_children);

	exit_ptrace(father);

	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	reaper = find_new_reaper(father);

	list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, &father->children, sibling) {
		p->real_parent = reaper;
		if (p->parent == father) {
			BUG_ON(task_ptrace(p));
			p->parent = p->real_parent;
		}
		reparent_thread(father, p, &dead_children);
	}
	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&father->children));

	list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, &dead_children, sibling) {
		list_del_init(&p->sibling);
		release_task(p);
	}
}

/*
 * Send signals to all our closest relatives so that they know
 * to properly mourn us..
 */
static void exit_notify(struct task_struct *tsk, int group_dead)
{
	int signal;
	void *cookie;

	/*
	 * This does two things:
	 *
  	 * A.  Make init inherit all the child processes
	 * B.  Check to see if any process groups have become orphaned
	 *	as a result of our exiting, and if they have any stopped
	 *	jobs, send them a SIGHUP and then a SIGCONT.  (POSIX 3.2.2.2)
	 */
	forget_original_parent(tsk);
	exit_task_namespaces(tsk);

	write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	if (group_dead)
		kill_orphaned_pgrp(tsk->group_leader, NULL);

	/* Let father know we died
	 *
	 * Thread signals are configurable, but you aren't going to use
	 * that to send signals to arbitary processes.
	 * That stops right now.
	 *
	 * If the parent exec id doesn't match the exec id we saved
	 * when we started then we know the parent has changed security
	 * domain.
	 *
	 * If our self_exec id doesn't match our parent_exec_id then
	 * we have changed execution domain as these two values started
	 * the same after a fork.
	 */
	if (tsk->exit_signal != SIGCHLD && !task_detached(tsk) &&
	    (tsk->parent_exec_id != tsk->real_parent->self_exec_id ||
	     tsk->self_exec_id != tsk->parent_exec_id))
		tsk->exit_signal = SIGCHLD;

	signal = tracehook_notify_death(tsk, &cookie, group_dead);
	if (signal >= 0)
		signal = do_notify_parent(tsk, signal);

	tsk->exit_state = signal == DEATH_REAP ? EXIT_DEAD : EXIT_ZOMBIE;

	/* mt-exec, de_thread() is waiting for us */
	if (thread_group_leader(tsk) &&
	    tsk->signal->group_exit_task &&
	    tsk->signal->notify_count < 0)
		wake_up_process(tsk->signal->group_exit_task);

	write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);

	tracehook_report_death(tsk, signal, cookie, group_dead);

	/* If the process is dead, release it - nobody will wait for it */
	if (signal == DEATH_REAP)
		release_task(tsk);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE
static void check_stack_usage(void)
{
	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(low_water_lock);
	static int lowest_to_date = THREAD_SIZE;
	unsigned long free;

	free = stack_not_used(current);

	if (free >= lowest_to_date)
		return;

	spin_lock(&low_water_lock);
	if (free < lowest_to_date) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s used greatest stack depth: %lu bytes "
				"left\n",
				current->comm, free);
		lowest_to_date = free;
	}
	spin_unlock(&low_water_lock);
}
#else
static inline void check_stack_usage(void) {}
#endif

NORET_TYPE void do_exit(long code)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;
	int group_dead;

	profile_task_exit(tsk);

	WARN_ON(atomic_read(&tsk->fs_excl));

	if (unlikely(in_interrupt()))
		panic("Aiee, killing interrupt handler!");
	if (unlikely(!tsk->pid))
		panic("Attempted to kill the idle task!");

	tracehook_report_exit(&code);

	validate_creds_for_do_exit(tsk);

	/*
	 * We're taking recursive faults here in do_exit. Safest is to just
	 * leave this task alone and wait for reboot.
	 */
	if (unlikely(tsk->flags & PF_EXITING)) {
		printk(KERN_ALERT
			"Fixing recursive fault but reboot is needed!\n");
		/*
		 * We can do this unlocked here. The futex code uses
		 * this flag just to verify whether the pi state
		 * cleanup has been done or not. In the worst case it
		 * loops once more. We pretend that the cleanup was
		 * done as there is no way to return. Either the
		 * OWNER_DIED bit is set by now or we push the blocked
		 * task into the wait for ever nirwana as well.
		 */
		tsk->flags |= PF_EXITPIDONE;
		set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
		schedule();
	}

	exit_irq_thread();

	exit_signals(tsk);  /* sets PF_EXITING */
	/*
	 * tsk->flags are checked in the futex code to protect against
	 * an exiting task cleaning up the robust pi futexes.
	 */
	smp_mb();
	spin_unlock_wait(&tsk->pi_lock);

	if (unlikely(in_atomic()))
		printk(KERN_INFO "note: %s[%d] exited with preempt_count %d\n",
				current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
				preempt_count());

	acct_update_integrals(tsk);

	group_dead = atomic_dec_and_test(&tsk->signal->live);
	if (group_dead) {
		hrtimer_cancel(&tsk->signal->real_timer);
		exit_itimers(tsk->signal);
		if (tsk->mm)
			setmax_mm_hiwater_rss(&tsk->signal->maxrss, tsk->mm);
	}
	acct_collect(code, group_dead);
	if (group_dead)
		tty_audit_exit();
	if (unlikely(tsk->audit_context))
		audit_free(tsk);

	tsk->exit_code = code;
	taskstats_exit(tsk, group_dead);

	exit_mm(tsk);

	if (group_dead)
		acct_process();
	trace_sched_process_exit(tsk);

	exit_sem(tsk);
	exit_files(tsk);
	exit_fs(tsk);
	check_stack_usage();
	exit_thread();
	cgroup_exit(tsk, 1);

	if (group_dead && tsk->signal->leader)
		disassociate_ctty(1);

	module_put(task_thread_info(tsk)->exec_domain->module);

	proc_exit_connector(tsk);

	/*
	 * Flush inherited counters to the parent - before the parent
	 * gets woken up by child-exit notifications.
	 */
	perf_event_exit_task(tsk);

	exit_notify(tsk, group_dead);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	mpol_put(tsk->mempolicy);
	tsk->mempolicy = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX
	if (unlikely(current->pi_state_cache))
		kfree(current->pi_state_cache);
#endif
	/*
	 * Make sure we are holding no locks:
	 */
	debug_check_no_locks_held(tsk);
	/*
	 * We can do this unlocked here. The futex code uses this flag
	 * just to verify whether the pi state cleanup has been done
	 * or not. In the worst case it loops once more.
	 */
	tsk->flags |= PF_EXITPIDONE;

	if (tsk->io_context)
		exit_io_context();

	if (tsk->splice_pipe)
		__free_pipe_info(tsk->splice_pipe);

	validate_creds_for_do_exit(tsk);

	preempt_disable();
	exit_rcu();
	/* causes final put_task_struct in finish_task_switch(). */
	tsk->state = TASK_DEAD;
	schedule();
	BUG();
	/* Avoid "noreturn function does return".  */
	for (;;)
		cpu_relax();	/* For when BUG is null */
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(do_exit);

NORET_TYPE void complete_and_exit(struct completion *comp, long code)
{
	if (comp)
		complete(comp);

	do_exit(code);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(complete_and_exit);

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(exit, int, error_code)
{
	do_exit((error_code&0xff)<<8);
}

/*
 * Take down every thread in the group.  This is called by fatal signals
 * as well as by sys_exit_group (below).
 */
NORET_TYPE void
do_group_exit(int exit_code)
{
	struct signal_struct *sig = current->signal;

	BUG_ON(exit_code & 0x80); /* core dumps don't get here */

	if (signal_group_exit(sig))
		exit_code = sig->group_exit_code;
	else if (!thread_group_empty(current)) {
		struct sighand_struct *const sighand = current->sighand;
		spin_lock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
		if (signal_group_exit(sig))
			/* Another thread got here before we took the lock.  */
			exit_code = sig->group_exit_code;
		else {
			sig->group_exit_code = exit_code;
			sig->flags = SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT;
			zap_other_threads(current);
		}
		spin_unlock_irq(&sighand->siglock);
	}

	do_exit(exit_code);
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

/*
 * this kills every thread in the thread group. Note that any externally
 * wait4()-ing process will get the correct exit code - even if this
 * thread is not the thread group leader.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE1(exit_group, int, error_code)
{
	do_group_exit((error_code & 0xff) << 8);
	/* NOTREACHED */
	return 0;
}

struct wait_opts {
	enum pid_type		wo_type;
	int			wo_flags;
	struct pid		*wo_pid;

	struct siginfo __user	*wo_info;
	int __user		*wo_stat;
	struct rusage __user	*wo_rusage;

	wait_queue_t		child_wait;
	int			notask_error;
};

static inline
struct pid *task_pid_type(struct task_struct *task, enum pid_type type)
{
	if (type != PIDTYPE_PID)
		task = task->group_leader;
	return task->pids[type].pid;
}

static int eligible_pid(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
{
	return	wo->wo_type == PIDTYPE_MAX ||
		task_pid_type(p, wo->wo_type) == wo->wo_pid;
}

static int eligible_child(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
{
	if (!eligible_pid(wo, p))
		return 0;
	/* Wait for all children (clone and not) if __WALL is set;
	 * otherwise, wait for clone children *only* if __WCLONE is
	 * set; otherwise, wait for non-clone children *only*.  (Note:
	 * A "clone" child here is one that reports to its parent
	 * using a signal other than SIGCHLD.) */
	if (((p->exit_signal != SIGCHLD) ^ !!(wo->wo_flags & __WCLONE))
	    && !(wo->wo_flags & __WALL))
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

static int wait_noreap_copyout(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p,
				pid_t pid, uid_t uid, int why, int status)
{
	struct siginfo __user *infop;
	int retval = wo->wo_rusage
		? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, wo->wo_rusage) : 0;

	put_task_struct(p);
	infop = wo->wo_info;
	if (infop) {
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user(SIGCHLD, &infop->si_signo);
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user((short)why, &infop->si_code);
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user(pid, &infop->si_pid);
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user(uid, &infop->si_uid);
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user(status, &infop->si_status);
	}
	if (!retval)
		retval = pid;
	return retval;
}

/*
 * Handle sys_wait4 work for one task in state EXIT_ZOMBIE.  We hold
 * read_lock(&tasklist_lock) on entry.  If we return zero, we still hold
 * the lock and this task is uninteresting.  If we return nonzero, we have
 * released the lock and the system call should return.
 */
static int wait_task_zombie(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
{
	unsigned long state;
	int retval, status, traced;
	pid_t pid = task_pid_vnr(p);
	uid_t uid = __task_cred(p)->uid;
	struct siginfo __user *infop;

	if (!likely(wo->wo_flags & WEXITED))
		return 0;

	if (unlikely(wo->wo_flags & WNOWAIT)) {
		int exit_code = p->exit_code;
		int why, status;

		get_task_struct(p);
		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
		if ((exit_code & 0x7f) == 0) {
			why = CLD_EXITED;
			status = exit_code >> 8;
		} else {
			why = (exit_code & 0x80) ? CLD_DUMPED : CLD_KILLED;
			status = exit_code & 0x7f;
		}
		return wait_noreap_copyout(wo, p, pid, uid, why, status);
	}

	/*
	 * Try to move the task's state to DEAD
	 * only one thread is allowed to do this:
	 */
	state = xchg(&p->exit_state, EXIT_DEAD);
	if (state != EXIT_ZOMBIE) {
		BUG_ON(state != EXIT_DEAD);
		return 0;
	}

	traced = ptrace_reparented(p);
	/*
	 * It can be ptraced but not reparented, check
	 * !task_detached() to filter out sub-threads.
	 */
	if (likely(!traced) && likely(!task_detached(p))) {
		struct signal_struct *psig;
		struct signal_struct *sig;
		unsigned long maxrss;

		/*
		 * The resource counters for the group leader are in its
		 * own task_struct.  Those for dead threads in the group
		 * are in its signal_struct, as are those for the child
		 * processes it has previously reaped.  All these
		 * accumulate in the parent's signal_struct c* fields.
		 *
		 * We don't bother to take a lock here to protect these
		 * p->signal fields, because they are only touched by
		 * __exit_signal, which runs with tasklist_lock
		 * write-locked anyway, and so is excluded here.  We do
		 * need to protect the access to parent->signal fields,
		 * as other threads in the parent group can be right
		 * here reaping other children at the same time.
		 */
		spin_lock_irq(&p->real_parent->sighand->siglock);
		psig = p->real_parent->signal;
		sig = p->signal;
		psig->cutime =
			cputime_add(psig->cutime,
			cputime_add(p->utime,
			cputime_add(sig->utime,
				    sig->cutime)));
		psig->cstime =
			cputime_add(psig->cstime,
			cputime_add(p->stime,
			cputime_add(sig->stime,
				    sig->cstime)));
		psig->cgtime =
			cputime_add(psig->cgtime,
			cputime_add(p->gtime,
			cputime_add(sig->gtime,
				    sig->cgtime)));
		psig->cmin_flt +=
			p->min_flt + sig->min_flt + sig->cmin_flt;
		psig->cmaj_flt +=
			p->maj_flt + sig->maj_flt + sig->cmaj_flt;
		psig->cnvcsw +=
			p->nvcsw + sig->nvcsw + sig->cnvcsw;
		psig->cnivcsw +=
			p->nivcsw + sig->nivcsw + sig->cnivcsw;
		psig->cinblock +=
			task_io_get_inblock(p) +
			sig->inblock + sig->cinblock;
		psig->coublock +=
			task_io_get_oublock(p) +
			sig->oublock + sig->coublock;
		maxrss = max(sig->maxrss, sig->cmaxrss);
		if (psig->cmaxrss < maxrss)
			psig->cmaxrss = maxrss;
		task_io_accounting_add(&psig->ioac, &p->ioac);
		task_io_accounting_add(&psig->ioac, &sig->ioac);
		spin_unlock_irq(&p->real_parent->sighand->siglock);
	}

	/*
	 * Now we are sure this task is interesting, and no other
	 * thread can reap it because we set its state to EXIT_DEAD.
	 */
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	retval = wo->wo_rusage
		? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, wo->wo_rusage) : 0;
	status = (p->signal->flags & SIGNAL_GROUP_EXIT)
		? p->signal->group_exit_code : p->exit_code;
	if (!retval && wo->wo_stat)
		retval = put_user(status, wo->wo_stat);

	infop = wo->wo_info;
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(SIGCHLD, &infop->si_signo);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
	if (!retval && infop) {
		int why;

		if ((status & 0x7f) == 0) {
			why = CLD_EXITED;
			status >>= 8;
		} else {
			why = (status & 0x80) ? CLD_DUMPED : CLD_KILLED;
			status &= 0x7f;
		}
		retval = put_user((short)why, &infop->si_code);
		if (!retval)
			retval = put_user(status, &infop->si_status);
	}
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(pid, &infop->si_pid);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(uid, &infop->si_uid);
	if (!retval)
		retval = pid;

	if (traced) {
		write_lock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
		/* We dropped tasklist, ptracer could die and untrace */
		ptrace_unlink(p);
		/*
		 * If this is not a detached task, notify the parent.
		 * If it's still not detached after that, don't release
		 * it now.
		 */
		if (!task_detached(p)) {
			do_notify_parent(p, p->exit_signal);
			if (!task_detached(p)) {
				p->exit_state = EXIT_ZOMBIE;
				p = NULL;
			}
		}
		write_unlock_irq(&tasklist_lock);
	}
	if (p != NULL)
		release_task(p);

	return retval;
}

static int *task_stopped_code(struct task_struct *p, bool ptrace)
{
	if (ptrace) {
		if (task_is_stopped_or_traced(p))
			return &p->exit_code;
	} else {
		if (p->signal->flags & SIGNAL_STOP_STOPPED)
			return &p->signal->group_exit_code;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Handle sys_wait4 work for one task in state TASK_STOPPED.  We hold
 * read_lock(&tasklist_lock) on entry.  If we return zero, we still hold
 * the lock and this task is uninteresting.  If we return nonzero, we have
 * released the lock and the system call should return.
 */
static int wait_task_stopped(struct wait_opts *wo,
				int ptrace, struct task_struct *p)
{
	struct siginfo __user *infop;
	int retval, exit_code, *p_code, why;
	uid_t uid = 0; /* unneeded, required by compiler */
	pid_t pid;

	/*
	 * Traditionally we see ptrace'd stopped tasks regardless of options.
	 */
	if (!ptrace && !(wo->wo_flags & WUNTRACED))
		return 0;

	exit_code = 0;
	spin_lock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);

	p_code = task_stopped_code(p, ptrace);
	if (unlikely(!p_code))
		goto unlock_sig;

	exit_code = *p_code;
	if (!exit_code)
		goto unlock_sig;

	if (!unlikely(wo->wo_flags & WNOWAIT))
		*p_code = 0;

	/* don't need the RCU readlock here as we're holding a spinlock */
	uid = __task_cred(p)->uid;
unlock_sig:
	spin_unlock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
	if (!exit_code)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Now we are pretty sure this task is interesting.
	 * Make sure it doesn't get reaped out from under us while we
	 * give up the lock and then examine it below.  We don't want to
	 * keep holding onto the tasklist_lock while we call getrusage and
	 * possibly take page faults for user memory.
	 */
	get_task_struct(p);
	pid = task_pid_vnr(p);
	why = ptrace ? CLD_TRAPPED : CLD_STOPPED;
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	if (unlikely(wo->wo_flags & WNOWAIT))
		return wait_noreap_copyout(wo, p, pid, uid, why, exit_code);

	retval = wo->wo_rusage
		? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, wo->wo_rusage) : 0;
	if (!retval && wo->wo_stat)
		retval = put_user((exit_code << 8) | 0x7f, wo->wo_stat);

	infop = wo->wo_info;
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(SIGCHLD, &infop->si_signo);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user((short)why, &infop->si_code);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(exit_code, &infop->si_status);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(pid, &infop->si_pid);
	if (!retval && infop)
		retval = put_user(uid, &infop->si_uid);
	if (!retval)
		retval = pid;
	put_task_struct(p);

	BUG_ON(!retval);
	return retval;
}

/*
 * Handle do_wait work for one task in a live, non-stopped state.
 * read_lock(&tasklist_lock) on entry.  If we return zero, we still hold
 * the lock and this task is uninteresting.  If we return nonzero, we have
 * released the lock and the system call should return.
 */
static int wait_task_continued(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
{
	int retval;
	pid_t pid;
	uid_t uid;

	if (!unlikely(wo->wo_flags & WCONTINUED))
		return 0;

	if (!(p->signal->flags & SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED))
		return 0;

	spin_lock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
	/* Re-check with the lock held.  */
	if (!(p->signal->flags & SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED)) {
		spin_unlock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);
		return 0;
	}
	if (!unlikely(wo->wo_flags & WNOWAIT))
		p->signal->flags &= ~SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED;
	uid = __task_cred(p)->uid;
	spin_unlock_irq(&p->sighand->siglock);

	pid = task_pid_vnr(p);
	get_task_struct(p);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	if (!wo->wo_info) {
		retval = wo->wo_rusage
			? getrusage(p, RUSAGE_BOTH, wo->wo_rusage) : 0;
		put_task_struct(p);
		if (!retval && wo->wo_stat)
			retval = put_user(0xffff, wo->wo_stat);
		if (!retval)
			retval = pid;
	} else {
		retval = wait_noreap_copyout(wo, p, pid, uid,
					     CLD_CONTINUED, SIGCONT);
		BUG_ON(retval == 0);
	}

	return retval;
}

/*
 * Consider @p for a wait by @parent.
 *
 * -ECHILD should be in ->notask_error before the first call.
 * Returns nonzero for a final return, when we have unlocked tasklist_lock.
 * Returns zero if the search for a child should continue;
 * then ->notask_error is 0 if @p is an eligible child,
 * or another error from security_task_wait(), or still -ECHILD.
 */
static int wait_consider_task(struct wait_opts *wo, int ptrace,
				struct task_struct *p)
{
	int ret = eligible_child(wo, p);
	if (!ret)
		return ret;

	ret = security_task_wait(p);
	if (unlikely(ret < 0)) {
		/*
		 * If we have not yet seen any eligible child,
		 * then let this error code replace -ECHILD.
		 * A permission error will give the user a clue
		 * to look for security policy problems, rather
		 * than for mysterious wait bugs.
		 */
		if (wo->notask_error)
			wo->notask_error = ret;
		return 0;
	}

	if (likely(!ptrace) && unlikely(task_ptrace(p))) {
		/*
		 * This child is hidden by ptrace.
		 * We aren't allowed to see it now, but eventually we will.
		 */
		wo->notask_error = 0;
		return 0;
	}

	if (p->exit_state == EXIT_DEAD)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * We don't reap group leaders with subthreads.
	 */
	if (p->exit_state == EXIT_ZOMBIE && !delay_group_leader(p))
		return wait_task_zombie(wo, p);

	/*
	 * It's stopped or running now, so it might
	 * later continue, exit, or stop again.
	 */
	wo->notask_error = 0;

	if (task_stopped_code(p, ptrace))
		return wait_task_stopped(wo, ptrace, p);

	return wait_task_continued(wo, p);
}

/*
 * Do the work of do_wait() for one thread in the group, @tsk.
 *
 * -ECHILD should be in ->notask_error before the first call.
 * Returns nonzero for a final return, when we have unlocked tasklist_lock.
 * Returns zero if the search for a child should continue; then
 * ->notask_error is 0 if there were any eligible children,
 * or another error from security_task_wait(), or still -ECHILD.
 */
static int do_wait_thread(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *tsk)
{
	struct task_struct *p;

	list_for_each_entry(p, &tsk->children, sibling) {
		/*
		 * Do not consider detached threads.
		 */
		if (!task_detached(p)) {
			int ret = wait_consider_task(wo, 0, p);
			if (ret)
				return ret;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int ptrace_do_wait(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *tsk)
{
	struct task_struct *p;

	list_for_each_entry(p, &tsk->ptraced, ptrace_entry) {
		int ret = wait_consider_task(wo, 1, p);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int child_wait_callback(wait_queue_t *wait, unsigned mode,
				int sync, void *key)
{
	struct wait_opts *wo = container_of(wait, struct wait_opts,
						child_wait);
	struct task_struct *p = key;

	if (!eligible_pid(wo, p))
		return 0;

	if ((wo->wo_flags & __WNOTHREAD) && wait->private != p->parent)
		return 0;

	return default_wake_function(wait, mode, sync, key);
}

void __wake_up_parent(struct task_struct *p, struct task_struct *parent)
{
	__wake_up_sync_key(&parent->signal->wait_chldexit,
				TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, 1, p);
}

static long do_wait(struct wait_opts *wo)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	int retval;

	trace_sched_process_wait(wo->wo_pid);

	init_waitqueue_func_entry(&wo->child_wait, child_wait_callback);
	wo->child_wait.private = current;
	add_wait_queue(&current->signal->wait_chldexit, &wo->child_wait);
repeat:
	/*
	 * If there is nothing that can match our critiera just get out.
	 * We will clear ->notask_error to zero if we see any child that
	 * might later match our criteria, even if we are not able to reap
	 * it yet.
	 */
	wo->notask_error = -ECHILD;
	if ((wo->wo_type < PIDTYPE_MAX) &&
	   (!wo->wo_pid || hlist_empty(&wo->wo_pid->tasks[wo->wo_type])))
		goto notask;

	set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	tsk = current;
	do {
		retval = do_wait_thread(wo, tsk);
		if (retval)
			goto end;

		retval = ptrace_do_wait(wo, tsk);
		if (retval)
			goto end;

		if (wo->wo_flags & __WNOTHREAD)
			break;
	} while_each_thread(current, tsk);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

notask:
	retval = wo->notask_error;
	if (!retval && !(wo->wo_flags & WNOHANG)) {
		retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
		if (!signal_pending(current)) {
			schedule();
			goto repeat;
		}
	}
end:
	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	remove_wait_queue(&current->signal->wait_chldexit, &wo->child_wait);
	return retval;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE5(waitid, int, which, pid_t, upid, struct siginfo __user *,
		infop, int, options, struct rusage __user *, ru)
{
	struct wait_opts wo;
	struct pid *pid = NULL;
	enum pid_type type;
	long ret;

	if (options & ~(WNOHANG|WNOWAIT|WEXITED|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (!(options & (WEXITED|WSTOPPED|WCONTINUED)))
		return -EINVAL;

	switch (which) {
	case P_ALL:
		type = PIDTYPE_MAX;
		break;
	case P_PID:
		type = PIDTYPE_PID;
		if (upid <= 0)
			return -EINVAL;
		break;
	case P_PGID:
		type = PIDTYPE_PGID;
		if (upid <= 0)
			return -EINVAL;
		break;
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (type < PIDTYPE_MAX)
		pid = find_get_pid(upid);

	wo.wo_type	= type;
	wo.wo_pid	= pid;
	wo.wo_flags	= options;
	wo.wo_info	= infop;
	wo.wo_stat	= NULL;
	wo.wo_rusage	= ru;
	ret = do_wait(&wo);

	if (ret > 0) {
		ret = 0;
	} else if (infop) {
		/*
		 * For a WNOHANG return, clear out all the fields
		 * we would set so the user can easily tell the
		 * difference.
		 */
		if (!ret)
			ret = put_user(0, &infop->si_signo);
		if (!ret)
			ret = put_user(0, &infop->si_errno);
		if (!ret)
			ret = put_user(0, &infop->si_code);
		if (!ret)
			ret = put_user(0, &infop->si_pid);
		if (!ret)
			ret = put_user(0, &infop->si_uid);
		if (!ret)
			ret = put_user(0, &infop->si_status);
	}

	put_pid(pid);

	/* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
	asmlinkage_protect(5, ret, which, upid, infop, options, ru);
	return ret;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(wait4, pid_t, upid, int __user *, stat_addr,
		int, options, struct rusage __user *, ru)
{
	struct wait_opts wo;
	struct pid *pid = NULL;
	enum pid_type type;
	long ret;

	if (options & ~(WNOHANG|WUNTRACED|WCONTINUED|
			__WNOTHREAD|__WCLONE|__WALL))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (upid == -1)
		type = PIDTYPE_MAX;
	else if (upid < 0) {
		type = PIDTYPE_PGID;
		pid = find_get_pid(-upid);
	} else if (upid == 0) {
		type = PIDTYPE_PGID;
		pid = get_task_pid(current, PIDTYPE_PGID);
	} else /* upid > 0 */ {
		type = PIDTYPE_PID;
		pid = find_get_pid(upid);
	}

	wo.wo_type	= type;
	wo.wo_pid	= pid;
	wo.wo_flags	= options | WEXITED;
	wo.wo_info	= NULL;
	wo.wo_stat	= stat_addr;
	wo.wo_rusage	= ru;
	ret = do_wait(&wo);
	put_pid(pid);

	/* avoid REGPARM breakage on x86: */
	asmlinkage_protect(4, ret, upid, stat_addr, options, ru);
	return ret;
}

#ifdef __ARCH_WANT_SYS_WAITPID

/*
 * sys_waitpid() remains for compatibility. waitpid() should be
 * implemented by calling sys_wait4() from libc.a.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(waitpid, pid_t, pid, int __user *, stat_addr, int, options)
{
	return sys_wait4(pid, stat_addr, options, NULL);
}

#endif