blob: 819dfda8823623fb8c7741f4ed299626393db044 [file] [log] [blame]
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -07001/*
Maciej Sosnowski211a22c2009-02-26 11:05:43 +01002 * Copyright(c) 2007 - 2009 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -07003 *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
6 * Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
7 * any later version.
8 *
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
12 * more details.
13 *
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15 * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
16 * Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
17 *
18 * The full GNU General Public License is included in this distribution in the
19 * file called COPYING.
20 */
21
22/*
23 * This driver supports an interface for DCA clients and providers to meet.
24 */
25
26#include <linux/kernel.h>
27#include <linux/notifier.h>
28#include <linux/device.h>
29#include <linux/dca.h>
Tejun Heo5a0e3ad2010-03-24 17:04:11 +090030#include <linux/slab.h>
Paul Gortmakerd2298072011-07-03 13:37:11 -040031#include <linux/module.h>
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -070032
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +020033#define DCA_VERSION "1.12.1"
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -070034
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -070035MODULE_VERSION(DCA_VERSION);
36MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
37MODULE_AUTHOR("Intel Corporation");
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -070038
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +020039static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(dca_lock);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -070040
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +020041static LIST_HEAD(dca_domains);
42
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +000043static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(dca_provider_chain);
44
45static int dca_providers_blocked;
46
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +020047static struct pci_bus *dca_pci_rc_from_dev(struct device *dev)
48{
49 struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(dev);
50 struct pci_bus *bus = pdev->bus;
51
52 while (bus->parent)
53 bus = bus->parent;
54
55 return bus;
56}
57
58static struct dca_domain *dca_allocate_domain(struct pci_bus *rc)
59{
60 struct dca_domain *domain;
61
62 domain = kzalloc(sizeof(*domain), GFP_NOWAIT);
63 if (!domain)
64 return NULL;
65
66 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&domain->dca_providers);
67 domain->pci_rc = rc;
68
69 return domain;
70}
71
72static void dca_free_domain(struct dca_domain *domain)
73{
74 list_del(&domain->node);
75 kfree(domain);
76}
77
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +000078static int dca_provider_ioat_ver_3_0(struct device *dev)
79{
80 struct pci_dev *pdev = to_pci_dev(dev);
81
82 return ((pdev->vendor == PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL) &&
83 ((pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG0) ||
84 (pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG1) ||
85 (pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG2) ||
86 (pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG3) ||
87 (pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG4) ||
88 (pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG5) ||
89 (pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG6) ||
90 (pdev->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_IOAT_TBG7)));
91}
92
93static void unregister_dca_providers(void)
94{
95 struct dca_provider *dca, *_dca;
96 struct list_head unregistered_providers;
97 struct dca_domain *domain;
98 unsigned long flags;
99
100 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dca_provider_chain,
101 DCA_PROVIDER_REMOVE, NULL);
102
103 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&unregistered_providers);
104
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200105 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000106
107 if (list_empty(&dca_domains)) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200108 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000109 return;
110 }
111
112 /* at this point only one domain in the list is expected */
113 domain = list_first_entry(&dca_domains, struct dca_domain, node);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000114
Kirill A. Shutemov3bb598f2011-03-22 16:34:18 -0700115 list_for_each_entry_safe(dca, _dca, &domain->dca_providers, node)
116 list_move(&dca->node, &unregistered_providers);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000117
118 dca_free_domain(domain);
119
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200120 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000121
122 list_for_each_entry_safe(dca, _dca, &unregistered_providers, node) {
123 dca_sysfs_remove_provider(dca);
124 list_del(&dca->node);
125 }
126}
127
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200128static struct dca_domain *dca_find_domain(struct pci_bus *rc)
129{
130 struct dca_domain *domain;
131
132 list_for_each_entry(domain, &dca_domains, node)
133 if (domain->pci_rc == rc)
134 return domain;
135
136 return NULL;
137}
138
139static struct dca_domain *dca_get_domain(struct device *dev)
140{
141 struct pci_bus *rc;
142 struct dca_domain *domain;
143
144 rc = dca_pci_rc_from_dev(dev);
145 domain = dca_find_domain(rc);
146
147 if (!domain) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200148 if (dca_provider_ioat_ver_3_0(dev) && !list_empty(&dca_domains))
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000149 dca_providers_blocked = 1;
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200150 }
151
152 return domain;
153}
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700154
155static struct dca_provider *dca_find_provider_by_dev(struct device *dev)
156{
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200157 struct dca_provider *dca;
158 struct pci_bus *rc;
159 struct dca_domain *domain;
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700160
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200161 if (dev) {
162 rc = dca_pci_rc_from_dev(dev);
163 domain = dca_find_domain(rc);
164 if (!domain)
165 return NULL;
166 } else {
167 if (!list_empty(&dca_domains))
168 domain = list_first_entry(&dca_domains,
169 struct dca_domain,
170 node);
171 else
172 return NULL;
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700173 }
174
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200175 list_for_each_entry(dca, &domain->dca_providers, node)
176 if ((!dev) || (dca->ops->dev_managed(dca, dev)))
177 return dca;
178
179 return NULL;
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700180}
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700181
182/**
183 * dca_add_requester - add a dca client to the list
184 * @dev - the device that wants dca service
185 */
186int dca_add_requester(struct device *dev)
187{
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700188 struct dca_provider *dca;
189 int err, slot = -ENODEV;
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800190 unsigned long flags;
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200191 struct pci_bus *pci_rc;
192 struct dca_domain *domain;
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700193
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700194 if (!dev)
195 return -EFAULT;
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700196
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200197 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700198
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700199 /* check if the requester has not been added already */
200 dca = dca_find_provider_by_dev(dev);
201 if (dca) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200202 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700203 return -EEXIST;
204 }
205
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200206 pci_rc = dca_pci_rc_from_dev(dev);
207 domain = dca_find_domain(pci_rc);
208 if (!domain) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200209 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200210 return -ENODEV;
211 }
212
213 list_for_each_entry(dca, &domain->dca_providers, node) {
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700214 slot = dca->ops->add_requester(dca, dev);
215 if (slot >= 0)
216 break;
217 }
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800218
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200219 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800220
221 if (slot < 0)
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700222 return slot;
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700223
224 err = dca_sysfs_add_req(dca, dev, slot);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700225 if (err) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200226 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800227 if (dca == dca_find_provider_by_dev(dev))
228 dca->ops->remove_requester(dca, dev);
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200229 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700230 return err;
231 }
232
233 return 0;
234}
235EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dca_add_requester);
236
237/**
238 * dca_remove_requester - remove a dca client from the list
239 * @dev - the device that wants dca service
240 */
241int dca_remove_requester(struct device *dev)
242{
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700243 struct dca_provider *dca;
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700244 int slot;
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800245 unsigned long flags;
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700246
247 if (!dev)
248 return -EFAULT;
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700249
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200250 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700251 dca = dca_find_provider_by_dev(dev);
252 if (!dca) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200253 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700254 return -ENODEV;
255 }
256 slot = dca->ops->remove_requester(dca, dev);
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200257 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800258
259 if (slot < 0)
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700260 return slot;
261
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700262 dca_sysfs_remove_req(dca, slot);
263
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700264 return 0;
265}
266EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dca_remove_requester);
267
268/**
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700269 * dca_common_get_tag - return the dca tag (serves both new and old api)
270 * @dev - the device that wants dca service
271 * @cpu - the cpuid as returned by get_cpu()
272 */
273u8 dca_common_get_tag(struct device *dev, int cpu)
274{
275 struct dca_provider *dca;
276 u8 tag;
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800277 unsigned long flags;
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700278
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200279 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700280
281 dca = dca_find_provider_by_dev(dev);
282 if (!dca) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200283 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700284 return -ENODEV;
285 }
286 tag = dca->ops->get_tag(dca, dev, cpu);
287
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200288 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700289 return tag;
290}
291
292/**
293 * dca3_get_tag - return the dca tag to the requester device
294 * for the given cpu (new api)
295 * @dev - the device that wants dca service
296 * @cpu - the cpuid as returned by get_cpu()
297 */
298u8 dca3_get_tag(struct device *dev, int cpu)
299{
300 if (!dev)
301 return -EFAULT;
302
303 return dca_common_get_tag(dev, cpu);
304}
305EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dca3_get_tag);
306
307/**
308 * dca_get_tag - return the dca tag for the given cpu (old api)
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700309 * @cpu - the cpuid as returned by get_cpu()
310 */
311u8 dca_get_tag(int cpu)
312{
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700313 struct device *dev = NULL;
314
315 return dca_common_get_tag(dev, cpu);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700316}
317EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dca_get_tag);
318
319/**
320 * alloc_dca_provider - get data struct for describing a dca provider
321 * @ops - pointer to struct of dca operation function pointers
322 * @priv_size - size of extra mem to be added for provider's needs
323 */
324struct dca_provider *alloc_dca_provider(struct dca_ops *ops, int priv_size)
325{
326 struct dca_provider *dca;
327 int alloc_size;
328
329 alloc_size = (sizeof(*dca) + priv_size);
330 dca = kzalloc(alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
331 if (!dca)
332 return NULL;
333 dca->ops = ops;
334
335 return dca;
336}
337EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_dca_provider);
338
339/**
340 * free_dca_provider - release the dca provider data struct
341 * @ops - pointer to struct of dca operation function pointers
342 * @priv_size - size of extra mem to be added for provider's needs
343 */
344void free_dca_provider(struct dca_provider *dca)
345{
346 kfree(dca);
347}
348EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(free_dca_provider);
349
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700350/**
351 * register_dca_provider - register a dca provider
352 * @dca - struct created by alloc_dca_provider()
353 * @dev - device providing dca services
354 */
355int register_dca_provider(struct dca_provider *dca, struct device *dev)
356{
357 int err;
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800358 unsigned long flags;
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200359 struct dca_domain *domain, *newdomain = NULL;
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700360
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200361 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000362 if (dca_providers_blocked) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200363 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000364 return -ENODEV;
365 }
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200366 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000367
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700368 err = dca_sysfs_add_provider(dca, dev);
369 if (err)
370 return err;
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800371
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200372 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200373 domain = dca_get_domain(dev);
374 if (!domain) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200375 struct pci_bus *rc;
376
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000377 if (dca_providers_blocked) {
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200378 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000379 dca_sysfs_remove_provider(dca);
380 unregister_dca_providers();
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200381 return -ENODEV;
Sosnowski, Maciej4e8cec22010-09-16 06:02:26 +0000382 }
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200383
384 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
385 rc = dca_pci_rc_from_dev(dev);
386 newdomain = dca_allocate_domain(rc);
387 if (!newdomain)
388 return -ENODEV;
389 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
390 /* Recheck, we might have raced after dropping the lock */
391 domain = dca_get_domain(dev);
392 if (!domain) {
393 domain = newdomain;
394 newdomain = NULL;
395 list_add(&domain->node, &dca_domains);
396 }
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200397 }
398 list_add(&dca->node, &domain->dca_providers);
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200399 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800400
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700401 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dca_provider_chain,
402 DCA_PROVIDER_ADD, NULL);
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200403 kfree(newdomain);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700404 return 0;
405}
406EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_dca_provider);
407
408/**
409 * unregister_dca_provider - remove a dca provider
410 * @dca - struct created by alloc_dca_provider()
411 */
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200412void unregister_dca_provider(struct dca_provider *dca, struct device *dev)
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700413{
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800414 unsigned long flags;
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200415 struct pci_bus *pci_rc;
416 struct dca_domain *domain;
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800417
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700418 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dca_provider_chain,
419 DCA_PROVIDER_REMOVE, NULL);
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800420
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200421 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200422
Maciej Sosnowskic419fcf2012-05-23 17:27:07 +0200423 if (list_empty(&dca_domains)) {
424 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
425 return;
426 }
427
Maciej Sosnowski7f1b3582008-07-22 17:30:57 -0700428 list_del(&dca->node);
Maciej Sosnowski1a5aeee2009-09-10 15:05:58 +0200429
430 pci_rc = dca_pci_rc_from_dev(dev);
431 domain = dca_find_domain(pci_rc);
432 if (list_empty(&domain->dca_providers))
433 dca_free_domain(domain);
434
Mike Galbraitha1741e72010-07-07 10:29:01 +0200435 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dca_lock, flags);
Maciej Sosnowskieb4400e2009-02-02 23:26:57 -0800436
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700437 dca_sysfs_remove_provider(dca);
438}
439EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_dca_provider);
440
441/**
442 * dca_register_notify - register a client's notifier callback
443 */
444void dca_register_notify(struct notifier_block *nb)
445{
446 blocking_notifier_chain_register(&dca_provider_chain, nb);
447}
448EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dca_register_notify);
449
450/**
451 * dca_unregister_notify - remove a client's notifier callback
452 */
453void dca_unregister_notify(struct notifier_block *nb)
454{
455 blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&dca_provider_chain, nb);
456}
457EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dca_unregister_notify);
458
459static int __init dca_init(void)
460{
Stephen Hemminger084dac52009-09-13 09:07:37 -0700461 pr_info("dca service started, version %s\n", DCA_VERSION);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700462 return dca_sysfs_init();
463}
464
465static void __exit dca_exit(void)
466{
467 dca_sysfs_exit();
468}
469
Dan Williams652afc22009-01-06 11:38:22 -0700470arch_initcall(dca_init);
Shannon Nelson75896702007-10-16 01:27:41 -0700471module_exit(dca_exit);
472