blob: aff0cfd836622a7f47240e4a36305e16ca2a1b48 [file] [log] [blame]
Joerg Roedel1aed2672012-01-04 17:54:20 +01001#include "../perf.h"
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -02002#include "util.h"
Jiri Olsa84f5d362014-07-14 23:46:48 +02003#include "debug.h"
Borislav Petkovcd0cfad2013-12-09 17:14:24 +01004#include <api/fs/fs.h>
Frederic Weisbecker69e3f522010-01-16 14:21:15 +01005#include <sys/mman.h>
Wang Nan07bc5c62015-11-06 13:55:35 +00006#include <sys/utsname.h>
Ingo Molnar89fe8082013-09-30 12:07:11 +02007#ifdef HAVE_BACKTRACE_SUPPORT
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melodc4552b2012-08-07 23:32:05 -03008#include <execinfo.h>
Irina Tirdeac9f08be2012-09-08 03:43:23 +03009#endif
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melodc4552b2012-08-07 23:32:05 -030010#include <stdio.h>
11#include <stdlib.h>
Jiri Olsacef82c92013-12-03 14:09:22 +010012#include <string.h>
13#include <errno.h>
Adrian Hunter1a472452013-12-11 14:36:23 +020014#include <limits.h>
Adrian Hunter71db07b2013-12-11 14:36:32 +020015#include <byteswap.h>
Jiri Olsa838d1452013-11-28 11:30:15 +010016#include <linux/kernel.h>
Jiri Olsa9398c482014-08-11 10:50:02 +020017#include <unistd.h>
Jiri Olsa23aadb12014-10-01 18:00:26 +020018#include "callchain.h"
19
20struct callchain_param callchain_param = {
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melodef02db2015-10-05 17:05:35 -030021 .mode = CHAIN_GRAPH_ABS,
Jiri Olsa23aadb12014-10-01 18:00:26 +020022 .min_percent = 0.5,
Namhyung Kim792aeaf2015-10-22 16:45:46 +090023 .order = ORDER_CALLEE,
Namhyung Kimf2af0082015-11-09 14:45:41 +090024 .key = CCKEY_FUNCTION,
25 .value = CCVAL_PERCENT,
Jiri Olsa23aadb12014-10-01 18:00:26 +020026};
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -020027
Joerg Roedel1aed2672012-01-04 17:54:20 +010028/*
29 * XXX We need to find a better place for these things...
30 */
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo0c1fe6b2012-10-06 14:57:10 -030031unsigned int page_size;
Don Zickus2b1b7102014-05-30 16:10:05 -040032int cacheline_size;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo0c1fe6b2012-10-06 14:57:10 -030033
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo0c6332e2012-12-13 16:43:04 -030034bool test_attr__enabled;
35
Joerg Roedel1aed2672012-01-04 17:54:20 +010036bool perf_host = true;
Joerg Roedelc4a7dca2012-02-10 18:05:05 +010037bool perf_guest = false;
Joerg Roedel1aed2672012-01-04 17:54:20 +010038
39void event_attr_init(struct perf_event_attr *attr)
40{
41 if (!perf_host)
42 attr->exclude_host = 1;
43 if (!perf_guest)
44 attr->exclude_guest = 1;
Stephane Eranian7e1ccd32012-02-09 16:12:38 +010045 /* to capture ABI version */
46 attr->size = sizeof(*attr);
Joerg Roedel1aed2672012-01-04 17:54:20 +010047}
48
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -020049int mkdir_p(char *path, mode_t mode)
50{
51 struct stat st;
52 int err;
53 char *d = path;
54
55 if (*d != '/')
56 return -1;
57
58 if (stat(path, &st) == 0)
59 return 0;
60
61 while (*++d == '/');
62
63 while ((d = strchr(d, '/'))) {
64 *d = '\0';
65 err = stat(path, &st) && mkdir(path, mode);
66 *d++ = '/';
67 if (err)
68 return -1;
69 while (*d == '/')
70 ++d;
71 }
72 return (stat(path, &st) && mkdir(path, mode)) ? -1 : 0;
73}
74
Namhyung Kim0b1de0be2015-05-18 09:30:17 +090075int rm_rf(char *path)
76{
77 DIR *dir;
78 int ret = 0;
79 struct dirent *d;
80 char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
81
82 dir = opendir(path);
83 if (dir == NULL)
84 return 0;
85
86 while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL && !ret) {
87 struct stat statbuf;
88
89 if (!strcmp(d->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(d->d_name, ".."))
90 continue;
91
92 scnprintf(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/%s",
93 path, d->d_name);
94
95 ret = stat(namebuf, &statbuf);
96 if (ret < 0) {
97 pr_debug("stat failed: %s\n", namebuf);
98 break;
99 }
100
101 if (S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode))
102 ret = unlink(namebuf);
103 else if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode))
104 ret = rm_rf(namebuf);
105 else {
106 pr_debug("unknown file: %s\n", namebuf);
107 ret = -1;
108 }
109 }
110 closedir(dir);
111
112 if (ret < 0)
113 return ret;
114
115 return rmdir(path);
116}
117
Milos Vyleteld7c72602015-06-08 16:50:16 +0200118static int slow_copyfile(const char *from, const char *to)
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo9e201442010-01-14 18:30:06 -0200119{
Adrian Hunter9a17d722013-10-14 13:43:41 +0300120 int err = -1;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo9e201442010-01-14 18:30:06 -0200121 char *line = NULL;
122 size_t n;
123 FILE *from_fp = fopen(from, "r"), *to_fp;
124
125 if (from_fp == NULL)
126 goto out;
127
128 to_fp = fopen(to, "w");
129 if (to_fp == NULL)
130 goto out_fclose_from;
131
132 while (getline(&line, &n, from_fp) > 0)
133 if (fputs(line, to_fp) == EOF)
134 goto out_fclose_to;
135 err = 0;
136out_fclose_to:
137 fclose(to_fp);
138 free(line);
139out_fclose_from:
140 fclose(from_fp);
141out:
142 return err;
143}
144
Namhyung Kim9c9f5a22015-05-18 09:30:18 +0900145int copyfile_offset(int ifd, loff_t off_in, int ofd, loff_t off_out, u64 size)
146{
147 void *ptr;
148 loff_t pgoff;
149
150 pgoff = off_in & ~(page_size - 1);
151 off_in -= pgoff;
152
153 ptr = mmap(NULL, off_in + size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, ifd, pgoff);
154 if (ptr == MAP_FAILED)
155 return -1;
156
157 while (size) {
158 ssize_t ret = pwrite(ofd, ptr + off_in, size, off_out);
159 if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
160 continue;
161 if (ret <= 0)
162 break;
163
164 size -= ret;
165 off_in += ret;
166 off_out -= ret;
167 }
168 munmap(ptr, off_in + size);
169
170 return size ? -1 : 0;
171}
172
Adrian Hunter9a17d722013-10-14 13:43:41 +0300173int copyfile_mode(const char *from, const char *to, mode_t mode)
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200174{
175 int fromfd, tofd;
176 struct stat st;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200177 int err = -1;
Milos Vyleteld7c72602015-06-08 16:50:16 +0200178 char *tmp = NULL, *ptr = NULL;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200179
180 if (stat(from, &st))
181 goto out;
182
Milos Vyleteld7c72602015-06-08 16:50:16 +0200183 /* extra 'x' at the end is to reserve space for '.' */
184 if (asprintf(&tmp, "%s.XXXXXXx", to) < 0) {
185 tmp = NULL;
186 goto out;
187 }
188 ptr = strrchr(tmp, '/');
189 if (!ptr)
190 goto out;
191 ptr = memmove(ptr + 1, ptr, strlen(ptr) - 1);
192 *ptr = '.';
193
194 tofd = mkstemp(tmp);
195 if (tofd < 0)
196 goto out;
197
198 if (fchmod(tofd, mode))
199 goto out_close_to;
200
201 if (st.st_size == 0) { /* /proc? do it slowly... */
202 err = slow_copyfile(from, tmp);
203 goto out_close_to;
204 }
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo9e201442010-01-14 18:30:06 -0200205
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200206 fromfd = open(from, O_RDONLY);
207 if (fromfd < 0)
Milos Vyleteld7c72602015-06-08 16:50:16 +0200208 goto out_close_to;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200209
Namhyung Kim9c9f5a22015-05-18 09:30:18 +0900210 err = copyfile_offset(fromfd, 0, tofd, 0, st.st_size);
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200211
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200212 close(fromfd);
Milos Vyleteld7c72602015-06-08 16:50:16 +0200213out_close_to:
214 close(tofd);
215 if (!err)
216 err = link(tmp, to);
217 unlink(tmp);
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200218out:
Milos Vyleteld7c72602015-06-08 16:50:16 +0200219 free(tmp);
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo4cf40132009-12-27 21:37:06 -0200220 return err;
221}
Arnaldo Carvalho de Meloc82ee822010-05-14 14:19:35 -0300222
Adrian Hunter9a17d722013-10-14 13:43:41 +0300223int copyfile(const char *from, const char *to)
224{
225 return copyfile_mode(from, to, 0755);
226}
227
Arnaldo Carvalho de Meloc82ee822010-05-14 14:19:35 -0300228unsigned long convert_unit(unsigned long value, char *unit)
229{
230 *unit = ' ';
231
232 if (value > 1000) {
233 value /= 1000;
234 *unit = 'K';
235 }
236
237 if (value > 1000) {
238 value /= 1000;
239 *unit = 'M';
240 }
241
242 if (value > 1000) {
243 value /= 1000;
244 *unit = 'G';
245 }
246
247 return value;
248}
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo1e7972c2011-01-03 16:50:55 -0200249
Jiri Olsabc3a5022013-11-28 11:30:16 +0100250static ssize_t ion(bool is_read, int fd, void *buf, size_t n)
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo1e7972c2011-01-03 16:50:55 -0200251{
252 void *buf_start = buf;
Jiri Olsa838d1452013-11-28 11:30:15 +0100253 size_t left = n;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo1e7972c2011-01-03 16:50:55 -0200254
Jiri Olsa838d1452013-11-28 11:30:15 +0100255 while (left) {
Jiri Olsabc3a5022013-11-28 11:30:16 +0100256 ssize_t ret = is_read ? read(fd, buf, left) :
257 write(fd, buf, left);
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo1e7972c2011-01-03 16:50:55 -0200258
Namhyung Kime148c762014-04-24 22:27:32 +0900259 if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
260 continue;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo1e7972c2011-01-03 16:50:55 -0200261 if (ret <= 0)
262 return ret;
263
Jiri Olsa838d1452013-11-28 11:30:15 +0100264 left -= ret;
265 buf += ret;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo1e7972c2011-01-03 16:50:55 -0200266 }
267
Jiri Olsa838d1452013-11-28 11:30:15 +0100268 BUG_ON((size_t)(buf - buf_start) != n);
269 return n;
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo1e7972c2011-01-03 16:50:55 -0200270}
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo61e04b32012-04-19 13:15:24 -0300271
Jiri Olsabc3a5022013-11-28 11:30:16 +0100272/*
273 * Read exactly 'n' bytes or return an error.
274 */
275ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t n)
276{
277 return ion(true, fd, buf, n);
278}
279
280/*
281 * Write exactly 'n' bytes or return an error.
282 */
283ssize_t writen(int fd, void *buf, size_t n)
284{
285 return ion(false, fd, buf, n);
286}
287
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo61e04b32012-04-19 13:15:24 -0300288size_t hex_width(u64 v)
289{
290 size_t n = 1;
291
292 while ((v >>= 4))
293 ++n;
294
295 return n;
296}
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melodc4552b2012-08-07 23:32:05 -0300297
Jiri Olsab2aff5f2012-10-27 23:18:30 +0200298static int hex(char ch)
299{
300 if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
301 return ch - '0';
302 if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'f'))
303 return ch - 'a' + 10;
304 if ((ch >= 'A') && (ch <= 'F'))
305 return ch - 'A' + 10;
306 return -1;
307}
308
309/*
310 * While we find nice hex chars, build a long_val.
311 * Return number of chars processed.
312 */
313int hex2u64(const char *ptr, u64 *long_val)
314{
315 const char *p = ptr;
316 *long_val = 0;
317
318 while (*p) {
319 const int hex_val = hex(*p);
320
321 if (hex_val < 0)
322 break;
323
324 *long_val = (*long_val << 4) | hex_val;
325 p++;
326 }
327
328 return p - ptr;
329}
330
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melodc4552b2012-08-07 23:32:05 -0300331/* Obtain a backtrace and print it to stdout. */
Ingo Molnar89fe8082013-09-30 12:07:11 +0200332#ifdef HAVE_BACKTRACE_SUPPORT
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melodc4552b2012-08-07 23:32:05 -0300333void dump_stack(void)
334{
335 void *array[16];
336 size_t size = backtrace(array, ARRAY_SIZE(array));
337 char **strings = backtrace_symbols(array, size);
338 size_t i;
339
340 printf("Obtained %zd stack frames.\n", size);
341
342 for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
343 printf("%s\n", strings[i]);
344
345 free(strings);
346}
Irina Tirdeac9f08be2012-09-08 03:43:23 +0300347#else
348void dump_stack(void) {}
349#endif
David Ahern2c803e52013-01-14 10:48:01 -0700350
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo07c1a0d2015-02-24 15:34:23 -0300351void sighandler_dump_stack(int sig)
352{
353 psignal(sig, "perf");
354 dump_stack();
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo9daddf62015-12-11 16:43:57 -0300355 signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
356 raise(sig);
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo07c1a0d2015-02-24 15:34:23 -0300357}
358
Namhyung Kim3b47abe2013-06-04 10:50:29 +0900359int parse_nsec_time(const char *str, u64 *ptime)
360{
361 u64 time_sec, time_nsec;
362 char *end;
363
364 time_sec = strtoul(str, &end, 10);
365 if (*end != '.' && *end != '\0')
366 return -1;
367
368 if (*end == '.') {
369 int i;
370 char nsec_buf[10];
371
372 if (strlen(++end) > 9)
373 return -1;
374
375 strncpy(nsec_buf, end, 9);
376 nsec_buf[9] = '\0';
377
378 /* make it nsec precision */
379 for (i = strlen(nsec_buf); i < 9; i++)
380 nsec_buf[i] = '0';
381
382 time_nsec = strtoul(nsec_buf, &end, 10);
383 if (*end != '\0')
384 return -1;
385 } else
386 time_nsec = 0;
387
388 *ptime = time_sec * NSEC_PER_SEC + time_nsec;
389 return 0;
390}
Jiri Olsa27050f52013-09-01 12:36:13 +0200391
392unsigned long parse_tag_value(const char *str, struct parse_tag *tags)
393{
394 struct parse_tag *i = tags;
395
396 while (i->tag) {
397 char *s;
398
399 s = strchr(str, i->tag);
400 if (s) {
401 unsigned long int value;
402 char *endptr;
403
404 value = strtoul(str, &endptr, 10);
405 if (s != endptr)
406 break;
407
Adrian Hunter56921be2013-10-22 10:34:17 +0300408 if (value > ULONG_MAX / i->mult)
409 break;
Jiri Olsa27050f52013-09-01 12:36:13 +0200410 value *= i->mult;
411 return value;
412 }
413 i++;
414 }
415
416 return (unsigned long) -1;
417}
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo97a07f12013-10-17 16:33:43 -0300418
Kan Liang076a30c2015-08-06 15:44:52 -0400419int get_stack_size(const char *str, unsigned long *_size)
420{
421 char *endptr;
422 unsigned long size;
423 unsigned long max_size = round_down(USHRT_MAX, sizeof(u64));
424
425 size = strtoul(str, &endptr, 0);
426
427 do {
428 if (*endptr)
429 break;
430
431 size = round_up(size, sizeof(u64));
432 if (!size || size > max_size)
433 break;
434
435 *_size = size;
436 return 0;
437
438 } while (0);
439
440 pr_err("callchain: Incorrect stack dump size (max %ld): %s\n",
441 max_size, str);
442 return -1;
443}
444
445int parse_callchain_record(const char *arg, struct callchain_param *param)
446{
447 char *tok, *name, *saveptr = NULL;
448 char *buf;
449 int ret = -1;
450
451 /* We need buffer that we know we can write to. */
452 buf = malloc(strlen(arg) + 1);
453 if (!buf)
454 return -ENOMEM;
455
456 strcpy(buf, arg);
457
458 tok = strtok_r((char *)buf, ",", &saveptr);
459 name = tok ? : (char *)buf;
460
461 do {
462 /* Framepointer style */
463 if (!strncmp(name, "fp", sizeof("fp"))) {
464 if (!strtok_r(NULL, ",", &saveptr)) {
465 param->record_mode = CALLCHAIN_FP;
466 ret = 0;
467 } else
468 pr_err("callchain: No more arguments "
469 "needed for --call-graph fp\n");
470 break;
471
472#ifdef HAVE_DWARF_UNWIND_SUPPORT
473 /* Dwarf style */
474 } else if (!strncmp(name, "dwarf", sizeof("dwarf"))) {
475 const unsigned long default_stack_dump_size = 8192;
476
477 ret = 0;
478 param->record_mode = CALLCHAIN_DWARF;
479 param->dump_size = default_stack_dump_size;
480
481 tok = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &saveptr);
482 if (tok) {
483 unsigned long size = 0;
484
485 ret = get_stack_size(tok, &size);
486 param->dump_size = size;
487 }
488#endif /* HAVE_DWARF_UNWIND_SUPPORT */
489 } else if (!strncmp(name, "lbr", sizeof("lbr"))) {
490 if (!strtok_r(NULL, ",", &saveptr)) {
491 param->record_mode = CALLCHAIN_LBR;
492 ret = 0;
493 } else
494 pr_err("callchain: No more arguments "
495 "needed for --call-graph lbr\n");
496 break;
497 } else {
498 pr_err("callchain: Unknown --call-graph option "
499 "value: %s\n", arg);
500 break;
501 }
502
503 } while (0);
504
505 free(buf);
506 return ret;
507}
508
Jiri Olsacef82c92013-12-03 14:09:22 +0100509int filename__read_str(const char *filename, char **buf, size_t *sizep)
510{
511 size_t size = 0, alloc_size = 0;
512 void *bf = NULL, *nbf;
513 int fd, n, err = 0;
Masami Hiramatsu6e81c742014-08-14 02:22:36 +0000514 char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
Jiri Olsacef82c92013-12-03 14:09:22 +0100515
516 fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
517 if (fd < 0)
518 return -errno;
519
520 do {
521 if (size == alloc_size) {
522 alloc_size += BUFSIZ;
523 nbf = realloc(bf, alloc_size);
524 if (!nbf) {
525 err = -ENOMEM;
526 break;
527 }
528
529 bf = nbf;
530 }
531
532 n = read(fd, bf + size, alloc_size - size);
533 if (n < 0) {
534 if (size) {
Masami Hiramatsu6e81c742014-08-14 02:22:36 +0000535 pr_warning("read failed %d: %s\n", errno,
536 strerror_r(errno, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf)));
Jiri Olsacef82c92013-12-03 14:09:22 +0100537 err = 0;
538 } else
539 err = -errno;
540
541 break;
542 }
543
544 size += n;
545 } while (n > 0);
546
547 if (!err) {
548 *sizep = size;
549 *buf = bf;
550 } else
551 free(bf);
552
553 close(fd);
554 return err;
555}
Dongsheng Yange1a2b172013-12-06 17:25:51 -0500556
557const char *get_filename_for_perf_kvm(void)
558{
559 const char *filename;
560
561 if (perf_host && !perf_guest)
562 filename = strdup("perf.data.host");
563 else if (!perf_host && perf_guest)
564 filename = strdup("perf.data.guest");
565 else
566 filename = strdup("perf.data.kvm");
567
568 return filename;
569}
Adrian Hunter1a472452013-12-11 14:36:23 +0200570
571int perf_event_paranoid(void)
572{
Adrian Hunter1a472452013-12-11 14:36:23 +0200573 int value;
574
Arnaldo Carvalho de Meloce273092014-12-11 13:37:59 -0300575 if (sysctl__read_int("kernel/perf_event_paranoid", &value))
Adrian Hunter1a472452013-12-11 14:36:23 +0200576 return INT_MAX;
577
578 return value;
579}
Adrian Hunter71db07b2013-12-11 14:36:32 +0200580
581void mem_bswap_32(void *src, int byte_size)
582{
583 u32 *m = src;
584 while (byte_size > 0) {
585 *m = bswap_32(*m);
586 byte_size -= sizeof(u32);
587 ++m;
588 }
589}
590
591void mem_bswap_64(void *src, int byte_size)
592{
593 u64 *m = src;
594
595 while (byte_size > 0) {
596 *m = bswap_64(*m);
597 byte_size -= sizeof(u64);
598 ++m;
599 }
600}
Jiri Olsa63914ac2014-08-01 17:46:54 +0200601
602bool find_process(const char *name)
603{
604 size_t len = strlen(name);
605 DIR *dir;
606 struct dirent *d;
607 int ret = -1;
608
609 dir = opendir(procfs__mountpoint());
610 if (!dir)
Peter Senna Tschudinbf644562015-09-17 12:08:53 +0200611 return false;
Jiri Olsa63914ac2014-08-01 17:46:54 +0200612
613 /* Walk through the directory. */
614 while (ret && (d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
615 char path[PATH_MAX];
616 char *data;
617 size_t size;
618
619 if ((d->d_type != DT_DIR) ||
620 !strcmp(".", d->d_name) ||
621 !strcmp("..", d->d_name))
622 continue;
623
624 scnprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/comm",
625 procfs__mountpoint(), d->d_name);
626
627 if (filename__read_str(path, &data, &size))
628 continue;
629
630 ret = strncmp(name, data, len);
631 free(data);
632 }
633
634 closedir(dir);
635 return ret ? false : true;
636}
Wang Nan07bc5c62015-11-06 13:55:35 +0000637
638int
639fetch_kernel_version(unsigned int *puint, char *str,
640 size_t str_size)
641{
642 struct utsname utsname;
643 int version, patchlevel, sublevel, err;
644
645 if (uname(&utsname))
646 return -1;
647
648 if (str && str_size) {
649 strncpy(str, utsname.release, str_size);
650 str[str_size - 1] = '\0';
651 }
652
653 err = sscanf(utsname.release, "%d.%d.%d",
654 &version, &patchlevel, &sublevel);
655
656 if (err != 3) {
657 pr_debug("Unablt to get kernel version from uname '%s'\n",
658 utsname.release);
659 return -1;
660 }
661
662 if (puint)
663 *puint = (version << 16) + (patchlevel << 8) + sublevel;
664 return 0;
665}