blob: 09c6e292a03872d577794272b9d2bf0650c3d520 [file] [log] [blame]
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +02001/*
2 * Clock domain and sample rate management functions
3 *
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
8 *
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
13 *
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
17 *
18 */
19
20#include <linux/bitops.h>
21#include <linux/init.h>
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020022#include <linux/string.h>
23#include <linux/usb.h>
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020024#include <linux/usb/audio.h>
25#include <linux/usb/audio-v2.h>
26
27#include <sound/core.h>
28#include <sound/info.h>
29#include <sound/pcm.h>
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020030
31#include "usbaudio.h"
32#include "card.h"
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020033#include "helper.h"
Daniel Mackf22aa942010-06-16 17:57:27 +020034#include "clock.h"
Daniel Mack21bb5aa2013-04-10 00:56:03 +080035#include "quirks.h"
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020036
37static struct uac_clock_source_descriptor *
38 snd_usb_find_clock_source(struct usb_host_interface *ctrl_iface,
39 int clock_id)
40{
41 struct uac_clock_source_descriptor *cs = NULL;
42
43 while ((cs = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(ctrl_iface->extra,
44 ctrl_iface->extralen,
45 cs, UAC2_CLOCK_SOURCE))) {
Takashi Iwaifaa5f492017-11-21 17:28:06 +010046 if (cs->bLength >= sizeof(*cs) && cs->bClockID == clock_id)
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020047 return cs;
48 }
49
50 return NULL;
51}
52
53static struct uac_clock_selector_descriptor *
54 snd_usb_find_clock_selector(struct usb_host_interface *ctrl_iface,
55 int clock_id)
56{
57 struct uac_clock_selector_descriptor *cs = NULL;
58
59 while ((cs = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(ctrl_iface->extra,
60 ctrl_iface->extralen,
61 cs, UAC2_CLOCK_SELECTOR))) {
Takashi Iwaifaa5f492017-11-21 17:28:06 +010062 if (cs->bLength >= sizeof(*cs) && cs->bClockID == clock_id) {
63 if (cs->bLength < 5 + cs->bNrInPins)
64 return NULL;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020065 return cs;
Takashi Iwaifaa5f492017-11-21 17:28:06 +010066 }
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020067 }
68
69 return NULL;
70}
71
72static struct uac_clock_multiplier_descriptor *
73 snd_usb_find_clock_multiplier(struct usb_host_interface *ctrl_iface,
74 int clock_id)
75{
76 struct uac_clock_multiplier_descriptor *cs = NULL;
77
78 while ((cs = snd_usb_find_csint_desc(ctrl_iface->extra,
79 ctrl_iface->extralen,
80 cs, UAC2_CLOCK_MULTIPLIER))) {
Takashi Iwaifaa5f492017-11-21 17:28:06 +010081 if (cs->bLength >= sizeof(*cs) && cs->bClockID == clock_id)
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020082 return cs;
83 }
84
85 return NULL;
86}
87
88static int uac_clock_selector_get_val(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int selector_id)
89{
90 unsigned char buf;
91 int ret;
92
93 ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
94 UAC2_CS_CUR,
95 USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_IN,
Daniel Mack11bcbc42010-06-11 17:34:20 +020096 UAC2_CX_CLOCK_SELECTOR << 8,
97 snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (selector_id << 8),
Clemens Ladisch17d900c2011-09-26 21:15:27 +020098 &buf, sizeof(buf));
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +020099
100 if (ret < 0)
101 return ret;
102
103 return buf;
104}
105
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200106static int uac_clock_selector_set_val(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int selector_id,
107 unsigned char pin)
108{
109 int ret;
110
111 ret = snd_usb_ctl_msg(chip->dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(chip->dev, 0),
112 UAC2_CS_CUR,
113 USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_DIR_OUT,
114 UAC2_CX_CLOCK_SELECTOR << 8,
115 snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (selector_id << 8),
116 &pin, sizeof(pin));
117 if (ret < 0)
118 return ret;
119
120 if (ret != sizeof(pin)) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100121 usb_audio_err(chip,
122 "setting selector (id %d) unexpected length %d\n",
123 selector_id, ret);
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200124 return -EINVAL;
125 }
126
127 ret = uac_clock_selector_get_val(chip, selector_id);
128 if (ret < 0)
129 return ret;
130
131 if (ret != pin) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100132 usb_audio_err(chip,
133 "setting selector (id %d) to %x failed (current: %d)\n",
134 selector_id, pin, ret);
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200135 return -EINVAL;
136 }
137
138 return ret;
139}
140
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200141static bool uac_clock_source_is_valid(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int source_id)
142{
143 int err;
144 unsigned char data;
145 struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
Daniel Mack3bc6fbc72011-05-18 11:28:44 +0200146 struct uac_clock_source_descriptor *cs_desc =
147 snd_usb_find_clock_source(chip->ctrl_intf, source_id);
148
149 if (!cs_desc)
150 return 0;
151
152 /* If a clock source can't tell us whether it's valid, we assume it is */
Daniel Mackaff252a2012-08-01 10:16:53 +0200153 if (!uac2_control_is_readable(cs_desc->bmControls,
154 UAC2_CS_CONTROL_CLOCK_VALID - 1))
Daniel Mack3bc6fbc72011-05-18 11:28:44 +0200155 return 1;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200156
157 err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_CUR,
158 USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
Daniel Mack11bcbc42010-06-11 17:34:20 +0200159 UAC2_CS_CONTROL_CLOCK_VALID << 8,
160 snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (source_id << 8),
Clemens Ladisch17d900c2011-09-26 21:15:27 +0200161 &data, sizeof(data));
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200162
163 if (err < 0) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100164 dev_warn(&dev->dev,
165 "%s(): cannot get clock validity for id %d\n",
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200166 __func__, source_id);
Daniel Mack3bc6fbc72011-05-18 11:28:44 +0200167 return 0;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200168 }
169
170 return !!data;
171}
172
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200173static int __uac_clock_find_source(struct snd_usb_audio *chip,
Eldad Zack06ffc1e2013-04-03 23:18:54 +0200174 int entity_id, unsigned long *visited,
175 bool validate)
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200176{
177 struct uac_clock_source_descriptor *source;
178 struct uac_clock_selector_descriptor *selector;
179 struct uac_clock_multiplier_descriptor *multiplier;
180
181 entity_id &= 0xff;
182
183 if (test_and_set_bit(entity_id, visited)) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100184 usb_audio_warn(chip,
185 "%s(): recursive clock topology detected, id %d.\n",
186 __func__, entity_id);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200187 return -EINVAL;
188 }
189
190 /* first, see if the ID we're looking for is a clock source already */
Daniel Mack3d8d4dc2010-06-16 17:57:31 +0200191 source = snd_usb_find_clock_source(chip->ctrl_intf, entity_id);
Eldad Zack06ffc1e2013-04-03 23:18:54 +0200192 if (source) {
193 entity_id = source->bClockID;
194 if (validate && !uac_clock_source_is_valid(chip, entity_id)) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100195 usb_audio_err(chip,
196 "clock source %d is not valid, cannot use\n",
197 entity_id);
Eldad Zack06ffc1e2013-04-03 23:18:54 +0200198 return -ENXIO;
199 }
200 return entity_id;
201 }
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200202
Daniel Mack3d8d4dc2010-06-16 17:57:31 +0200203 selector = snd_usb_find_clock_selector(chip->ctrl_intf, entity_id);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200204 if (selector) {
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200205 int ret, i, cur;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200206
207 /* the entity ID we are looking for is a selector.
208 * find out what it currently selects */
209 ret = uac_clock_selector_get_val(chip, selector->bClockID);
210 if (ret < 0)
211 return ret;
212
Daniel Mack157a57b2010-06-16 17:57:30 +0200213 /* Selector values are one-based */
214
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200215 if (ret > selector->bNrInPins || ret < 1) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100216 usb_audio_err(chip,
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200217 "%s(): selector reported illegal value, id %d, ret %d\n",
218 __func__, selector->bClockID, ret);
219
220 return -EINVAL;
221 }
222
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200223 cur = ret;
224 ret = __uac_clock_find_source(chip, selector->baCSourceID[ret - 1],
Eldad Zack06ffc1e2013-04-03 23:18:54 +0200225 visited, validate);
Eldad Zackef02e292013-04-03 23:18:56 +0200226 if (!validate || ret > 0 || !chip->autoclock)
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200227 return ret;
228
229 /* The current clock source is invalid, try others. */
230 for (i = 1; i <= selector->bNrInPins; i++) {
231 int err;
232
233 if (i == cur)
234 continue;
235
236 ret = __uac_clock_find_source(chip, selector->baCSourceID[i - 1],
237 visited, true);
238 if (ret < 0)
239 continue;
240
241 err = uac_clock_selector_set_val(chip, entity_id, i);
242 if (err < 0)
243 continue;
244
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100245 usb_audio_info(chip,
246 "found and selected valid clock source %d\n",
247 ret);
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200248 return ret;
249 }
250
251 return -ENXIO;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200252 }
253
254 /* FIXME: multipliers only act as pass-thru element for now */
Daniel Mack3d8d4dc2010-06-16 17:57:31 +0200255 multiplier = snd_usb_find_clock_multiplier(chip->ctrl_intf, entity_id);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200256 if (multiplier)
Daniel Mack3d8d4dc2010-06-16 17:57:31 +0200257 return __uac_clock_find_source(chip, multiplier->bCSourceID,
Eldad Zack06ffc1e2013-04-03 23:18:54 +0200258 visited, validate);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200259
260 return -EINVAL;
261}
262
Daniel Mack157a57b2010-06-16 17:57:30 +0200263/*
264 * For all kinds of sample rate settings and other device queries,
265 * the clock source (end-leaf) must be used. However, clock selectors,
266 * clock multipliers and sample rate converters may be specified as
267 * clock source input to terminal. This functions walks the clock path
268 * to its end and tries to find the source.
269 *
270 * The 'visited' bitfield is used internally to detect recursive loops.
271 *
272 * Returns the clock source UnitID (>=0) on success, or an error.
273 */
Eldad Zack06ffc1e2013-04-03 23:18:54 +0200274int snd_usb_clock_find_source(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int entity_id,
275 bool validate)
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200276{
277 DECLARE_BITMAP(visited, 256);
278 memset(visited, 0, sizeof(visited));
Eldad Zack06ffc1e2013-04-03 23:18:54 +0200279 return __uac_clock_find_source(chip, entity_id, visited, validate);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200280}
281
282static int set_sample_rate_v1(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
283 struct usb_host_interface *alts,
284 struct audioformat *fmt, int rate)
285{
286 struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
287 unsigned int ep;
288 unsigned char data[3];
289 int err, crate;
290
Takashi Iwai447d6272016-03-15 15:20:58 +0100291 if (get_iface_desc(alts)->bNumEndpoints < 1)
292 return -EINVAL;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200293 ep = get_endpoint(alts, 0)->bEndpointAddress;
294
295 /* if endpoint doesn't have sampling rate control, bail out */
Clemens Ladischd32d5522010-07-08 16:38:01 +0200296 if (!(fmt->attributes & UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE))
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200297 return 0;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200298
299 data[0] = rate;
300 data[1] = rate >> 8;
301 data[2] = rate >> 16;
302 if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_SET_CUR,
303 USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT | USB_DIR_OUT,
304 UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE << 8, ep,
Clemens Ladisch17d900c2011-09-26 21:15:27 +0200305 data, sizeof(data))) < 0) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100306 dev_err(&dev->dev, "%d:%d: cannot set freq %d to ep %#x\n",
307 iface, fmt->altsetting, rate, ep);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200308 return err;
309 }
310
Joe Turnerb62b9982015-02-16 20:44:33 +0000311 /* Don't check the sample rate for devices which we know don't
312 * support reading */
313 if (snd_usb_get_sample_rate_quirk(chip))
314 return 0;
Takashi Iwai57dd5412016-04-29 11:49:04 +0200315 /* the firmware is likely buggy, don't repeat to fail too many times */
316 if (chip->sample_rate_read_error > 2)
317 return 0;
Joe Turnerb62b9982015-02-16 20:44:33 +0000318
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200319 if ((err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC_GET_CUR,
320 USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT | USB_DIR_IN,
321 UAC_EP_CS_ATTR_SAMPLE_RATE << 8, ep,
Clemens Ladisch17d900c2011-09-26 21:15:27 +0200322 data, sizeof(data))) < 0) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100323 dev_err(&dev->dev, "%d:%d: cannot get freq at ep %#x\n",
324 iface, fmt->altsetting, ep);
Takashi Iwai57dd5412016-04-29 11:49:04 +0200325 chip->sample_rate_read_error++;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200326 return 0; /* some devices don't support reading */
327 }
328
329 crate = data[0] | (data[1] << 8) | (data[2] << 16);
330 if (crate != rate) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100331 dev_warn(&dev->dev, "current rate %d is different from the runtime rate %d\n", crate, rate);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200332 // runtime->rate = crate;
333 }
334
335 return 0;
336}
337
Takashi Iwai7c5174652013-04-03 19:08:29 +0200338static int get_sample_rate_v2(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
339 int altsetting, int clock)
340{
341 struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
Eldad Zackf6a8bc72013-04-03 23:18:53 +0200342 __le32 data;
Takashi Iwai7c5174652013-04-03 19:08:29 +0200343 int err;
344
345 err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_CUR,
346 USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_IN,
347 UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8,
348 snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (clock << 8),
Eldad Zackf6a8bc72013-04-03 23:18:53 +0200349 &data, sizeof(data));
Takashi Iwai7c5174652013-04-03 19:08:29 +0200350 if (err < 0) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100351 dev_warn(&dev->dev, "%d:%d: cannot get freq (v2): err %d\n",
352 iface, altsetting, err);
Takashi Iwai7c5174652013-04-03 19:08:29 +0200353 return 0;
354 }
355
Eldad Zackf6a8bc72013-04-03 23:18:53 +0200356 return le32_to_cpu(data);
Takashi Iwai7c5174652013-04-03 19:08:29 +0200357}
358
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200359static int set_sample_rate_v2(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
360 struct usb_host_interface *alts,
361 struct audioformat *fmt, int rate)
362{
363 struct usb_device *dev = chip->dev;
Eldad Zackf6a8bc72013-04-03 23:18:53 +0200364 __le32 data;
Torstein Hegge690a8632013-03-26 22:10:05 +0100365 int err, cur_rate, prev_rate;
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200366 int clock;
Eldad Zack1dc669f2013-04-03 23:18:58 +0200367 bool writeable;
368 struct uac_clock_source_descriptor *cs_desc;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200369
Eldad Zack8c55af32013-04-03 23:18:55 +0200370 clock = snd_usb_clock_find_source(chip, fmt->clock, true);
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200371 if (clock < 0)
372 return clock;
373
Takashi Iwai7c5174652013-04-03 19:08:29 +0200374 prev_rate = get_sample_rate_v2(chip, iface, fmt->altsetting, clock);
David Henningssonfa92dd72013-04-25 14:32:24 +0200375 if (prev_rate == rate)
376 return 0;
Torstein Hegge690a8632013-03-26 22:10:05 +0100377
Eldad Zack1dc669f2013-04-03 23:18:58 +0200378 cs_desc = snd_usb_find_clock_source(chip->ctrl_intf, clock);
379 writeable = uac2_control_is_writeable(cs_desc->bmControls, UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ - 1);
380 if (writeable) {
381 data = cpu_to_le32(rate);
382 err = snd_usb_ctl_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0), UAC2_CS_CUR,
383 USB_TYPE_CLASS | USB_RECIP_INTERFACE | USB_DIR_OUT,
384 UAC2_CS_CONTROL_SAM_FREQ << 8,
385 snd_usb_ctrl_intf(chip) | (clock << 8),
386 &data, sizeof(data));
387 if (err < 0) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100388 usb_audio_err(chip,
389 "%d:%d: cannot set freq %d (v2): err %d\n",
390 iface, fmt->altsetting, rate, err);
Eldad Zack1dc669f2013-04-03 23:18:58 +0200391 return err;
392 }
393
394 cur_rate = get_sample_rate_v2(chip, iface, fmt->altsetting, clock);
395 } else {
396 cur_rate = prev_rate;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200397 }
398
Torstein Hegge690a8632013-03-26 22:10:05 +0100399 if (cur_rate != rate) {
Eldad Zack1dc669f2013-04-03 23:18:58 +0200400 if (!writeable) {
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100401 usb_audio_warn(chip,
402 "%d:%d: freq mismatch (RO clock): req %d, clock runs @%d\n",
403 iface, fmt->altsetting, rate, cur_rate);
Eldad Zack1dc669f2013-04-03 23:18:58 +0200404 return -ENXIO;
405 }
Takashi Iwai0ba41d92014-02-26 13:02:17 +0100406 usb_audio_dbg(chip,
407 "current rate %d is different from the runtime rate %d\n",
408 cur_rate, rate);
Torstein Hegge690a8632013-03-26 22:10:05 +0100409 }
410
411 /* Some devices doesn't respond to sample rate changes while the
412 * interface is active. */
413 if (rate != prev_rate) {
414 usb_set_interface(dev, iface, 0);
Daniel Mack21bb5aa2013-04-10 00:56:03 +0800415 snd_usb_set_interface_quirk(dev);
Torstein Hegge690a8632013-03-26 22:10:05 +0100416 usb_set_interface(dev, iface, fmt->altsetting);
Daniel Mack21bb5aa2013-04-10 00:56:03 +0800417 snd_usb_set_interface_quirk(dev);
Torstein Hegge690a8632013-03-26 22:10:05 +0100418 }
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200419
420 return 0;
421}
422
423int snd_usb_init_sample_rate(struct snd_usb_audio *chip, int iface,
424 struct usb_host_interface *alts,
425 struct audioformat *fmt, int rate)
426{
Clemens Ladisch8f898e92013-01-31 21:39:17 +0100427 switch (fmt->protocol) {
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200428 case UAC_VERSION_1:
Clemens Ladischa2acad82010-09-03 10:53:11 +0200429 default:
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200430 return set_sample_rate_v1(chip, iface, alts, fmt, rate);
431
432 case UAC_VERSION_2:
433 return set_sample_rate_v2(chip, iface, alts, fmt, rate);
Ajay Agarwalabed8d42017-02-07 16:40:09 +0530434
435 /* Clock rate is fixed at 48 kHz for BADD devices */
436 case UAC_VERSION_3:
437 return 0;
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200438 }
Daniel Mack79f920f2010-05-31 14:51:31 +0200439}
440