arch/x86/include/asm/fpu/internal.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 1994 Linus Torvalds
 *
 * Pentium III FXSR, SSE support
 * General FPU state handling cleanups
 *	Gareth Hughes <gareth@valinux.com>, May 2000
 * x86-64 work by Andi Kleen 2002
 */

#ifndef _ASM_X86_FPU_INTERNAL_H
#define _ASM_X86_FPU_INTERNAL_H

#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

#include <asm/user.h>
#include <asm/fpu/api.h>
#include <asm/fpu/xstate.h>

/*
 * High level FPU state handling functions:
 */
extern void fpu__activate_curr(struct fpu *fpu);
extern void fpu__activate_fpstate_read(struct fpu *fpu);
extern void fpu__activate_fpstate_write(struct fpu *fpu);
extern void fpu__save(struct fpu *fpu);
extern void fpu__restore(struct fpu *fpu);
extern int  fpu__restore_sig(void __user *buf, int ia32_frame);
extern void fpu__drop(struct fpu *fpu);
extern int  fpu__copy(struct fpu *dst_fpu, struct fpu *src_fpu);
extern void fpu__clear(struct fpu *fpu);
extern int  fpu__exception_code(struct fpu *fpu, int trap_nr);
extern int  dump_fpu(struct pt_regs *ptregs, struct user_i387_struct *fpstate);

/*
 * Boot time FPU initialization functions:
 */
extern void fpu__init_cpu(void);
extern void fpu__init_system_xstate(void);
extern void fpu__init_cpu_xstate(void);
extern void fpu__init_system(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c);
extern void fpu__init_check_bugs(void);
extern void fpu__resume_cpu(void);

/*
 * Debugging facility:
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_DEBUG_FPU
# define WARN_ON_FPU(x) WARN_ON_ONCE(x)
#else
# define WARN_ON_FPU(x) ({ 0; })
#endif

/*
 * FPU related CPU feature flag helper routines:
 */
static __always_inline __pure bool use_eager_fpu(void)
{
	return static_cpu_has_safe(X86_FEATURE_EAGER_FPU);
}

static __always_inline __pure bool use_xsaveopt(void)
{
	return static_cpu_has_safe(X86_FEATURE_XSAVEOPT);
}

static __always_inline __pure bool use_xsave(void)
{
	return static_cpu_has_safe(X86_FEATURE_XSAVE);
}

static __always_inline __pure bool use_fxsr(void)
{
	return static_cpu_has_safe(X86_FEATURE_FXSR);
}

/*
 * fpstate handling functions:
 */

extern union fpregs_state init_fpstate;

extern void fpstate_init(union fpregs_state *state);
#ifdef CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION
extern void fpstate_init_soft(struct swregs_state *soft);
#else
static inline void fpstate_init_soft(struct swregs_state *soft) {}
#endif
static inline void fpstate_init_fxstate(struct fxregs_state *fx)
{
	fx->cwd = 0x37f;
	fx->mxcsr = MXCSR_DEFAULT;
}
extern void fpstate_sanitize_xstate(struct fpu *fpu);

#define user_insn(insn, output, input...)				\
({									\
	int err;							\
	asm volatile(ASM_STAC "\n"					\
		     "1:" #insn "\n\t"					\
		     "2: " ASM_CLAC "\n"				\
		     ".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"				\
		     "3:  movl $-1,%[err]\n"				\
		     "    jmp  2b\n"					\
		     ".previous\n"					\
		     _ASM_EXTABLE(1b, 3b)				\
		     : [err] "=r" (err), output				\
		     : "0"(0), input);					\
	err;								\
})

#define check_insn(insn, output, input...)				\
({									\
	int err;							\
	asm volatile("1:" #insn "\n\t"					\
		     "2:\n"						\
		     ".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"				\
		     "3:  movl $-1,%[err]\n"				\
		     "    jmp  2b\n"					\
		     ".previous\n"					\
		     _ASM_EXTABLE(1b, 3b)				\
		     : [err] "=r" (err), output				\
		     : "0"(0), input);					\
	err;								\
})

static inline int copy_fregs_to_user(struct fregs_state __user *fx)
{
	return user_insn(fnsave %[fx]; fwait,  [fx] "=m" (*fx), "m" (*fx));
}

static inline int copy_fxregs_to_user(struct fxregs_state __user *fx)
{
	if (config_enabled(CONFIG_X86_32))
		return user_insn(fxsave %[fx], [fx] "=m" (*fx), "m" (*fx));
	else if (config_enabled(CONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ))
		return user_insn(fxsaveq %[fx], [fx] "=m" (*fx), "m" (*fx));

	/* See comment in copy_fxregs_to_kernel() below. */
	return user_insn(rex64/fxsave (%[fx]), "=m" (*fx), [fx] "R" (fx));
}

static inline int copy_kernel_to_fxregs(struct fxregs_state *fx)
{
	int err;

	if (config_enabled(CONFIG_X86_32)) {
		err = check_insn(fxrstor %[fx], "=m" (*fx), [fx] "m" (*fx));
	} else {
		if (config_enabled(CONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ)) {
			err = check_insn(fxrstorq %[fx], "=m" (*fx), [fx] "m" (*fx));
		} else {
			/* See comment in copy_fxregs_to_kernel() below. */
			err = check_insn(rex64/fxrstor (%[fx]), "=m" (*fx), [fx] "R" (fx), "m" (*fx));
		}
	}
	/* Copying from a kernel buffer to FPU registers should never fail: */
	WARN_ON_FPU(err);

	return err;
}

static inline int copy_user_to_fxregs(struct fxregs_state __user *fx)
{
	if (config_enabled(CONFIG_X86_32))
		return user_insn(fxrstor %[fx], "=m" (*fx), [fx] "m" (*fx));
	else if (config_enabled(CONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ))
		return user_insn(fxrstorq %[fx], "=m" (*fx), [fx] "m" (*fx));

	/* See comment in copy_fxregs_to_kernel() below. */
	return user_insn(rex64/fxrstor (%[fx]), "=m" (*fx), [fx] "R" (fx),
			  "m" (*fx));
}

static inline int copy_kernel_to_fregs(struct fregs_state *fx)
{
	int err = check_insn(frstor %[fx], "=m" (*fx), [fx] "m" (*fx));

	WARN_ON_FPU(err);

	return err;
}

static inline int copy_user_to_fregs(struct fregs_state __user *fx)
{
	return user_insn(frstor %[fx], "=m" (*fx), [fx] "m" (*fx));
}

static inline void copy_fxregs_to_kernel(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	if (config_enabled(CONFIG_X86_32))
		asm volatile( "fxsave %[fx]" : [fx] "=m" (fpu->state.fxsave));
	else if (config_enabled(CONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ))
		asm volatile("fxsaveq %[fx]" : [fx] "=m" (fpu->state.fxsave));
	else {
		/* Using "rex64; fxsave %0" is broken because, if the memory
		 * operand uses any extended registers for addressing, a second
		 * REX prefix will be generated (to the assembler, rex64
		 * followed by semicolon is a separate instruction), and hence
		 * the 64-bitness is lost.
		 *
		 * Using "fxsaveq %0" would be the ideal choice, but is only
		 * supported starting with gas 2.16.
		 *
		 * Using, as a workaround, the properly prefixed form below
		 * isn't accepted by any binutils version so far released,
		 * complaining that the same type of prefix is used twice if
		 * an extended register is needed for addressing (fix submitted
		 * to mainline 2005-11-21).
		 *
		 *  asm volatile("rex64/fxsave %0" : "=m" (fpu->state.fxsave));
		 *
		 * This, however, we can work around by forcing the compiler to
		 * select an addressing mode that doesn't require extended
		 * registers.
		 */
		asm volatile( "rex64/fxsave (%[fx])"
			     : "=m" (fpu->state.fxsave)
			     : [fx] "R" (&fpu->state.fxsave));
	}
}

/* These macros all use (%edi)/(%rdi) as the single memory argument. */
#define XSAVE		".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xae,0x27"
#define XSAVEOPT	".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xae,0x37"
#define XSAVES		".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xc7,0x2f"
#define XRSTOR		".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xae,0x2f"
#define XRSTORS		".byte " REX_PREFIX "0x0f,0xc7,0x1f"

/* xstate instruction fault handler: */
#define xstate_fault(__err)		\
					\
	".section .fixup,\"ax\"\n"	\
					\
	"3:  movl $-2,%[_err]\n"	\
	"    jmp  2b\n"			\
					\
	".previous\n"			\
					\
	_ASM_EXTABLE(1b, 3b)		\
	: [_err] "=r" (__err)

/*
 * This function is called only during boot time when x86 caps are not set
 * up and alternative can not be used yet.
 */
static inline void copy_xregs_to_kernel_booting(struct xregs_state *xstate)
{
	u64 mask = -1;
	u32 lmask = mask;
	u32 hmask = mask >> 32;
	int err = 0;

	WARN_ON(system_state != SYSTEM_BOOTING);

	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XSAVES))
		asm volatile("1:"XSAVES"\n\t"
			"2:\n\t"
			     xstate_fault(err)
			: "D" (xstate), "m" (*xstate), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask), "0" (err)
			: "memory");
	else
		asm volatile("1:"XSAVE"\n\t"
			"2:\n\t"
			     xstate_fault(err)
			: "D" (xstate), "m" (*xstate), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask), "0" (err)
			: "memory");

	/* We should never fault when copying to a kernel buffer: */
	WARN_ON_FPU(err);
}

/*
 * This function is called only during boot time when x86 caps are not set
 * up and alternative can not be used yet.
 */
static inline void copy_kernel_to_xregs_booting(struct xregs_state *xstate, u64 mask)
{
	u32 lmask = mask;
	u32 hmask = mask >> 32;
	int err = 0;

	WARN_ON(system_state != SYSTEM_BOOTING);

	if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XSAVES))
		asm volatile("1:"XRSTORS"\n\t"
			"2:\n\t"
			     xstate_fault(err)
			: "D" (xstate), "m" (*xstate), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask), "0" (err)
			: "memory");
	else
		asm volatile("1:"XRSTOR"\n\t"
			"2:\n\t"
			     xstate_fault(err)
			: "D" (xstate), "m" (*xstate), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask), "0" (err)
			: "memory");

	/* We should never fault when copying from a kernel buffer: */
	WARN_ON_FPU(err);
}

/*
 * Save processor xstate to xsave area.
 */
static inline void copy_xregs_to_kernel(struct xregs_state *xstate)
{
	u64 mask = -1;
	u32 lmask = mask;
	u32 hmask = mask >> 32;
	int err = 0;

	WARN_ON(!alternatives_patched);

	/*
	 * If xsaves is enabled, xsaves replaces xsaveopt because
	 * it supports compact format and supervisor states in addition to
	 * modified optimization in xsaveopt.
	 *
	 * Otherwise, if xsaveopt is enabled, xsaveopt replaces xsave
	 * because xsaveopt supports modified optimization which is not
	 * supported by xsave.
	 *
	 * If none of xsaves and xsaveopt is enabled, use xsave.
	 */
	alternative_input_2(
		"1:"XSAVE,
		XSAVEOPT,
		X86_FEATURE_XSAVEOPT,
		XSAVES,
		X86_FEATURE_XSAVES,
		[xstate] "D" (xstate), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask) :
		"memory");
	asm volatile("2:\n\t"
		     xstate_fault(err)
		     : "0" (err)
		     : "memory");

	/* We should never fault when copying to a kernel buffer: */
	WARN_ON_FPU(err);
}

/*
 * Restore processor xstate from xsave area.
 */
static inline void copy_kernel_to_xregs(struct xregs_state *xstate, u64 mask)
{
	u32 lmask = mask;
	u32 hmask = mask >> 32;
	int err = 0;

	/*
	 * Use xrstors to restore context if it is enabled. xrstors supports
	 * compacted format of xsave area which is not supported by xrstor.
	 */
	alternative_input(
		"1: " XRSTOR,
		XRSTORS,
		X86_FEATURE_XSAVES,
		"D" (xstate), "m" (*xstate), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask)
		: "memory");

	asm volatile("2:\n"
		     xstate_fault(err)
		     : "0" (err)
		     : "memory");

	/* We should never fault when copying from a kernel buffer: */
	WARN_ON_FPU(err);
}

/*
 * Save xstate to user space xsave area.
 *
 * We don't use modified optimization because xrstor/xrstors might track
 * a different application.
 *
 * We don't use compacted format xsave area for
 * backward compatibility for old applications which don't understand
 * compacted format of xsave area.
 */
static inline int copy_xregs_to_user(struct xregs_state __user *buf)
{
	int err;

	/*
	 * Clear the xsave header first, so that reserved fields are
	 * initialized to zero.
	 */
	err = __clear_user(&buf->header, sizeof(buf->header));
	if (unlikely(err))
		return -EFAULT;

	__asm__ __volatile__(ASM_STAC "\n"
			     "1:"XSAVE"\n"
			     "2: " ASM_CLAC "\n"
			     xstate_fault(err)
			     : "D" (buf), "a" (-1), "d" (-1), "0" (err)
			     : "memory");
	return err;
}

/*
 * Restore xstate from user space xsave area.
 */
static inline int copy_user_to_xregs(struct xregs_state __user *buf, u64 mask)
{
	struct xregs_state *xstate = ((__force struct xregs_state *)buf);
	u32 lmask = mask;
	u32 hmask = mask >> 32;
	int err = 0;

	__asm__ __volatile__(ASM_STAC "\n"
			     "1:"XRSTOR"\n"
			     "2: " ASM_CLAC "\n"
			     xstate_fault(err)
			     : "D" (xstate), "a" (lmask), "d" (hmask), "0" (err)
			     : "memory");	/* memory required? */
	return err;
}

/*
 * These must be called with preempt disabled. Returns
 * 'true' if the FPU state is still intact and we can
 * keep registers active.
 *
 * The legacy FNSAVE instruction cleared all FPU state
 * unconditionally, so registers are essentially destroyed.
 * Modern FPU state can be kept in registers, if there are
 * no pending FP exceptions.
 */
static inline int copy_fpregs_to_fpstate(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	if (likely(use_xsave())) {
		copy_xregs_to_kernel(&fpu->state.xsave);
		return 1;
	}

	if (likely(use_fxsr())) {
		copy_fxregs_to_kernel(fpu);
		return 1;
	}

	/*
	 * Legacy FPU register saving, FNSAVE always clears FPU registers,
	 * so we have to mark them inactive:
	 */
	asm volatile("fnsave %[fp]; fwait" : [fp] "=m" (fpu->state.fsave));

	return 0;
}

static inline int __copy_kernel_to_fpregs(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	if (use_xsave()) {
		copy_kernel_to_xregs(&fpu->state.xsave, -1);
		return 0;
	} else {
		if (use_fxsr())
			return copy_kernel_to_fxregs(&fpu->state.fxsave);
		else
			return copy_kernel_to_fregs(&fpu->state.fsave);
	}
}

static inline int copy_kernel_to_fpregs(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	/*
	 * AMD K7/K8 CPUs don't save/restore FDP/FIP/FOP unless an exception is
	 * pending. Clear the x87 state here by setting it to fixed values.
	 * "m" is a random variable that should be in L1.
	 */
	if (unlikely(static_cpu_has_bug_safe(X86_BUG_FXSAVE_LEAK))) {
		asm volatile(
			"fnclex\n\t"
			"emms\n\t"
			"fildl %P[addr]"	/* set F?P to defined value */
			: : [addr] "m" (fpu->fpregs_active));
	}

	return __copy_kernel_to_fpregs(fpu);
}

extern int copy_fpstate_to_sigframe(void __user *buf, void __user *fp, int size);

/*
 * FPU context switch related helper methods:
 */

DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct fpu *, fpu_fpregs_owner_ctx);

/*
 * Must be run with preemption disabled: this clears the fpu_fpregs_owner_ctx,
 * on this CPU.
 *
 * This will disable any lazy FPU state restore of the current FPU state,
 * but if the current thread owns the FPU, it will still be saved by.
 */
static inline void __cpu_disable_lazy_restore(unsigned int cpu)
{
	per_cpu(fpu_fpregs_owner_ctx, cpu) = NULL;
}

static inline int fpu_want_lazy_restore(struct fpu *fpu, unsigned int cpu)
{
	return fpu == this_cpu_read_stable(fpu_fpregs_owner_ctx) && cpu == fpu->last_cpu;
}


/*
 * Wrap lazy FPU TS handling in a 'hw fpregs activation/deactivation'
 * idiom, which is then paired with the sw-flag (fpregs_active) later on:
 */

static inline void __fpregs_activate_hw(void)
{
	if (!use_eager_fpu())
		clts();
}

static inline void __fpregs_deactivate_hw(void)
{
	if (!use_eager_fpu())
		stts();
}

/* Must be paired with an 'stts' (fpregs_deactivate_hw()) after! */
static inline void __fpregs_deactivate(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	WARN_ON_FPU(!fpu->fpregs_active);

	fpu->fpregs_active = 0;
	this_cpu_write(fpu_fpregs_owner_ctx, NULL);
}

/* Must be paired with a 'clts' (fpregs_activate_hw()) before! */
static inline void __fpregs_activate(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	WARN_ON_FPU(fpu->fpregs_active);

	fpu->fpregs_active = 1;
	this_cpu_write(fpu_fpregs_owner_ctx, fpu);
}

/*
 * The question "does this thread have fpu access?"
 * is slightly racy, since preemption could come in
 * and revoke it immediately after the test.
 *
 * However, even in that very unlikely scenario,
 * we can just assume we have FPU access - typically
 * to save the FP state - we'll just take a #NM
 * fault and get the FPU access back.
 */
static inline int fpregs_active(void)
{
	return current->thread.fpu.fpregs_active;
}

/*
 * Encapsulate the CR0.TS handling together with the
 * software flag.
 *
 * These generally need preemption protection to work,
 * do try to avoid using these on their own.
 */
static inline void fpregs_activate(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	__fpregs_activate_hw();
	__fpregs_activate(fpu);
}

static inline void fpregs_deactivate(struct fpu *fpu)
{
	__fpregs_deactivate(fpu);
	__fpregs_deactivate_hw();
}

/*
 * FPU state switching for scheduling.
 *
 * This is a two-stage process:
 *
 *  - switch_fpu_prepare() saves the old state and
 *    sets the new state of the CR0.TS bit. This is
 *    done within the context of the old process.
 *
 *  - switch_fpu_finish() restores the new state as
 *    necessary.
 */
typedef struct { int preload; } fpu_switch_t;

static inline fpu_switch_t
switch_fpu_prepare(struct fpu *old_fpu, struct fpu *new_fpu, int cpu)
{
	fpu_switch_t fpu;

	/*
	 * If the task has used the math, pre-load the FPU on xsave processors
	 * or if the past 5 consecutive context-switches used math.
	 */
	fpu.preload = new_fpu->fpstate_active &&
		      (use_eager_fpu() || new_fpu->counter > 5);

	if (old_fpu->fpregs_active) {
		if (!copy_fpregs_to_fpstate(old_fpu))
			old_fpu->last_cpu = -1;
		else
			old_fpu->last_cpu = cpu;

		/* But leave fpu_fpregs_owner_ctx! */
		old_fpu->fpregs_active = 0;

		/* Don't change CR0.TS if we just switch! */
		if (fpu.preload) {
			new_fpu->counter++;
			__fpregs_activate(new_fpu);
			prefetch(&new_fpu->state);
		} else {
			__fpregs_deactivate_hw();
		}
	} else {
		old_fpu->counter = 0;
		old_fpu->last_cpu = -1;
		if (fpu.preload) {
			new_fpu->counter++;
			if (fpu_want_lazy_restore(new_fpu, cpu))
				fpu.preload = 0;
			else
				prefetch(&new_fpu->state);
			fpregs_activate(new_fpu);
		}
	}
	return fpu;
}

/*
 * Misc helper functions:
 */

/*
 * By the time this gets called, we've already cleared CR0.TS and
 * given the process the FPU if we are going to preload the FPU
 * state - all we need to do is to conditionally restore the register
 * state itself.
 */
static inline void switch_fpu_finish(struct fpu *new_fpu, fpu_switch_t fpu_switch)
{
	if (fpu_switch.preload) {
		if (unlikely(copy_kernel_to_fpregs(new_fpu))) {
			WARN_ON_FPU(1);
			fpu__clear(new_fpu);
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Needs to be preemption-safe.
 *
 * NOTE! user_fpu_begin() must be used only immediately before restoring
 * the save state. It does not do any saving/restoring on its own. In
 * lazy FPU mode, it is just an optimization to avoid a #NM exception,
 * the task can lose the FPU right after preempt_enable().
 */
static inline void user_fpu_begin(void)
{
	struct fpu *fpu = &current->thread.fpu;

	preempt_disable();
	if (!fpregs_active())
		fpregs_activate(fpu);
	preempt_enable();
}

/*
 * MXCSR and XCR definitions:
 */

extern unsigned int mxcsr_feature_mask;

#define XCR_XFEATURE_ENABLED_MASK	0x00000000

static inline u64 xgetbv(u32 index)
{
	u32 eax, edx;

	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xd0" /* xgetbv */
		     : "=a" (eax), "=d" (edx)
		     : "c" (index));
	return eax + ((u64)edx << 32);
}

static inline void xsetbv(u32 index, u64 value)
{
	u32 eax = value;
	u32 edx = value >> 32;

	asm volatile(".byte 0x0f,0x01,0xd1" /* xsetbv */
		     : : "a" (eax), "d" (edx), "c" (index));
}

#endif /* _ASM_X86_FPU_INTERNAL_H */