drivers/kvm/paging_tmpl.h - kernel/msm - Gitiles

 /*
  * Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
  *
  * This module enables machines with Intel VT-x extensions to run virtual
  * machines without emulation or binary translation.
  *
  * MMU support
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet, Inc.
  *
  * Authors:
  *   Yaniv Kamay  <yaniv@qumranet.com>
  *   Avi Kivity   <avi@qumranet.com>
  *
  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
  * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  *
  */

 /*
  * We need the mmu code to access both 32-bit and 64-bit guest ptes,
  * so the code in this file is compiled twice, once per pte size.
  */

 #if PTTYPE == 64
 	#define pt_element_t u64
 	#define guest_walker guest_walker64
 	#define FNAME(name) paging##64_##name
 	#define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
 	#define PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT64_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
 	#define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
 	#define SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
 	#define PT_LEVEL_MASK(level) PT64_LEVEL_MASK(level)
 	#define PT_PTE_COPY_MASK PT64_PTE_COPY_MASK
 	#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 	#define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 4
 	#else
 	#define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
 	#endif
 #elif PTTYPE == 32
 	#define pt_element_t u32
 	#define guest_walker guest_walker32
 	#define FNAME(name) paging##32_##name
 	#define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT32_BASE_ADDR_MASK
 	#define PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT32_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
 	#define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT32_INDEX(addr, level)
 	#define SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
 	#define PT_LEVEL_MASK(level) PT32_LEVEL_MASK(level)
 	#define PT_PTE_COPY_MASK PT32_PTE_COPY_MASK
 	#define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
 #else
 	#error Invalid PTTYPE value
 #endif

 /*
  * The guest_walker structure emulates the behavior of the hardware page
  * table walker.
  */
 struct guest_walker {
 	int level;
 	gfn_t table_gfn[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
 	pt_element_t *table;
 	pt_element_t *ptep;
 	pt_element_t inherited_ar;
 	gfn_t gfn;
 };

 /*
  * Fetch a guest pte for a guest virtual address
  */
 static void FNAME(walk_addr)(struct guest_walker *walker,
 			     struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr)
 {
 	hpa_t hpa;
 	struct kvm_memory_slot *slot;
 	pt_element_t *ptep;
 	pt_element_t root;
 	gfn_t table_gfn;

 	pgprintk("%s: addr %lx\n", __FUNCTION__, addr);
 	walker->level = vcpu->mmu.root_level;
 	walker->table = NULL;
 	root = vcpu->cr3;
 #if PTTYPE == 64
 	if (!is_long_mode(vcpu)) {
 		walker->ptep = &vcpu->pdptrs[(addr >> 30) & 3];
 		root = *walker->ptep;
 		if (!(root & PT_PRESENT_MASK))
 			return;
 		--walker->level;
 	}
 #endif
 	table_gfn = (root & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 	walker->table_gfn[walker->level - 1] = table_gfn;
 	pgprintk("%s: table_gfn[%d] %lx\n", __FUNCTION__,
 		 walker->level - 1, table_gfn);
 	slot = gfn_to_memslot(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn);
 	hpa = safe_gpa_to_hpa(vcpu, root & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK);
 	walker->table = kmap_atomic(pfn_to_page(hpa >> PAGE_SHIFT), KM_USER0);

 	ASSERT((!is_long_mode(vcpu) && is_pae(vcpu)) ||
 	       (vcpu->cr3 & ~(PAGE_MASK | CR3_FLAGS_MASK)) == 0);

 	walker->inherited_ar = PT_USER_MASK | PT_WRITABLE_MASK;

 	for (;;) {
 		int index = PT_INDEX(addr, walker->level);
 		hpa_t paddr;

 		ptep = &walker->table[index];
 		ASSERT(((unsigned long)walker->table & PAGE_MASK) ==
 		       ((unsigned long)ptep & PAGE_MASK));

 		if (is_present_pte(*ptep) && !(*ptep &  PT_ACCESSED_MASK))
 			*ptep |= PT_ACCESSED_MASK;

 		if (!is_present_pte(*ptep))
 			break;

 		if (walker->level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) {
 			walker->gfn = (*ptep & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK)
 				>> PAGE_SHIFT;
 			break;
 		}

 		if (walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL
 		    && (*ptep & PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK)
 		    && (PTTYPE == 64 || is_pse(vcpu))) {
 			walker->gfn = (*ptep & PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK)
 				>> PAGE_SHIFT;
 			walker->gfn += PT_INDEX(addr, PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL);
 			break;
 		}

 		if (walker->level != 3 || is_long_mode(vcpu))
 			walker->inherited_ar &= walker->table[index];
 		table_gfn = (*ptep & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		paddr = safe_gpa_to_hpa(vcpu, *ptep & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK);
 		kunmap_atomic(walker->table, KM_USER0);
 		walker->table = kmap_atomic(pfn_to_page(paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT),
 					    KM_USER0);
 		--walker->level;
 		walker->table_gfn[walker->level - 1 ] = table_gfn;
 		pgprintk("%s: table_gfn[%d] %lx\n", __FUNCTION__,
 			 walker->level - 1, table_gfn);
 	}
 	walker->ptep = ptep;
 	pgprintk("%s: pte %llx\n", __FUNCTION__, (u64)*ptep);
 }

 static void FNAME(release_walker)(struct guest_walker *walker)
 {
 	if (walker->table)
 		kunmap_atomic(walker->table, KM_USER0);
 }

 static void FNAME(set_pte)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 guest_pte,
 			   u64 *shadow_pte, u64 access_bits, gfn_t gfn)
 {
 	ASSERT(*shadow_pte == 0);
 	access_bits &= guest_pte;
 	*shadow_pte = (guest_pte & PT_PTE_COPY_MASK);
 	set_pte_common(vcpu, shadow_pte, guest_pte & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK,
 		       guest_pte & PT_DIRTY_MASK, access_bits, gfn);
 }

 static void FNAME(set_pde)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 guest_pde,
 			   u64 *shadow_pte, u64 access_bits, gfn_t gfn)
 {
 	gpa_t gaddr;

 	ASSERT(*shadow_pte == 0);
 	access_bits &= guest_pde;
 	gaddr = (gpa_t)gfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
 	if (PTTYPE == 32 && is_cpuid_PSE36())
 		gaddr |= (guest_pde & PT32_DIR_PSE36_MASK) <<
 			(32 - PT32_DIR_PSE36_SHIFT);
 	*shadow_pte = guest_pde & PT_PTE_COPY_MASK;
 	set_pte_common(vcpu, shadow_pte, gaddr,
 		       guest_pde & PT_DIRTY_MASK, access_bits, gfn);
 }

 /*
  * Fetch a shadow pte for a specific level in the paging hierarchy.
  */
 static u64 *FNAME(fetch)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
 			      struct guest_walker *walker)
 {
 	hpa_t shadow_addr;
 	int level;
 	u64 *prev_shadow_ent = NULL;
 	pt_element_t *guest_ent = walker->ptep;

 	if (!is_present_pte(*guest_ent))
 		return NULL;

 	shadow_addr = vcpu->mmu.root_hpa;
 	level = vcpu->mmu.shadow_root_level;
 	if (level == PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL) {
 		shadow_addr = vcpu->mmu.pae_root[(addr >> 30) & 3];
 		shadow_addr &= PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK;
 		--level;
 	}

 	for (; ; level--) {
 		u32 index = SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level);
 		u64 *shadow_ent = ((u64 *)__va(shadow_addr)) + index;
 		struct kvm_mmu_page *shadow_page;
 		u64 shadow_pte;
 		int metaphysical;
 		gfn_t table_gfn;

 		if (is_present_pte(*shadow_ent) || is_io_pte(*shadow_ent)) {
 			if (level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)
 				return shadow_ent;
 			shadow_addr = *shadow_ent & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK;
 			prev_shadow_ent = shadow_ent;
 			continue;
 		}

 		if (level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) {

 			if (walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
 				if (prev_shadow_ent)
 					*prev_shadow_ent |= PT_SHADOW_PS_MARK;
 				FNAME(set_pde)(vcpu, *guest_ent, shadow_ent,
 					       walker->inherited_ar,
 					       walker->gfn);
 			} else {
 				ASSERT(walker->level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL);
 				FNAME(set_pte)(vcpu, *guest_ent, shadow_ent,
 					       walker->inherited_ar,
 					       walker->gfn);
 			}
 			return shadow_ent;
 		}

 		if (level - 1 == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL
 		    && walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
 			metaphysical = 1;
 			table_gfn = (*guest_ent & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK)
 				>> PAGE_SHIFT;
 		} else {
 			metaphysical = 0;
 			table_gfn = walker->table_gfn[level - 2];
 		}
 		shadow_page = kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu, table_gfn, addr, level-1,
 					       metaphysical, shadow_ent);
 		shadow_addr = shadow_page->page_hpa;
 		shadow_pte = shadow_addr | PT_PRESENT_MASK | PT_ACCESSED_MASK
 			| PT_WRITABLE_MASK | PT_USER_MASK;
 		*shadow_ent = shadow_pte;
 		prev_shadow_ent = shadow_ent;
 	}
 }

 /*
  * The guest faulted for write.  We need to
  *
  * - check write permissions
  * - update the guest pte dirty bit
  * - update our own dirty page tracking structures
  */
 static int FNAME(fix_write_pf)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 			       u64 *shadow_ent,
 			       struct guest_walker *walker,
 			       gva_t addr,
 			       int user,
 			       int *write_pt)
 {
 	pt_element_t *guest_ent;
 	int writable_shadow;
 	gfn_t gfn;
 	struct kvm_mmu_page *page;

 	if (is_writeble_pte(*shadow_ent))
 		return 0;

 	writable_shadow = *shadow_ent & PT_SHADOW_WRITABLE_MASK;
 	if (user) {
 		/*
 		 * User mode access.  Fail if it's a kernel page or a read-only
 		 * page.
 		 */
 		if (!(*shadow_ent & PT_SHADOW_USER_MASK) || !writable_shadow)
 			return 0;
 		ASSERT(*shadow_ent & PT_USER_MASK);
 	} else
 		/*
 		 * Kernel mode access.  Fail if it's a read-only page and
 		 * supervisor write protection is enabled.
 		 */
 		if (!writable_shadow) {
 			if (is_write_protection(vcpu))
 				return 0;
 			*shadow_ent &= ~PT_USER_MASK;
 		}

 	guest_ent = walker->ptep;

 	if (!is_present_pte(*guest_ent)) {
 		*shadow_ent = 0;
 		return 0;
 	}

 	gfn = walker->gfn;

 	if (user) {
 		/*
 		 * Usermode page faults won't be for page table updates.
 		 */
 		while ((page = kvm_mmu_lookup_page(vcpu, gfn)) != NULL) {
 			pgprintk("%s: zap %lx %x\n",
 				 __FUNCTION__, gfn, page->role.word);
 			kvm_mmu_zap_page(vcpu, page);
 		}
 	} else if (kvm_mmu_lookup_page(vcpu, gfn)) {
 		pgprintk("%s: found shadow page for %lx, marking ro\n",
 			 __FUNCTION__, gfn);
 		*guest_ent |= PT_DIRTY_MASK;
 		*write_pt = 1;
 		return 0;
 	}
 	mark_page_dirty(vcpu->kvm, gfn);
 	*shadow_ent |= PT_WRITABLE_MASK;
 	*guest_ent |= PT_DIRTY_MASK;
 	rmap_add(vcpu, shadow_ent);

 	return 1;
 }

 /*
  * Page fault handler.  There are several causes for a page fault:
  *   - there is no shadow pte for the guest pte
  *   - write access through a shadow pte marked read only so that we can set
  *     the dirty bit
  *   - write access to a shadow pte marked read only so we can update the page
  *     dirty bitmap, when userspace requests it
  *   - mmio access; in this case we will never install a present shadow pte
  *   - normal guest page fault due to the guest pte marked not present, not
  *     writable, or not executable
  *
  *  Returns: 1 if we need to emulate the instruction, 0 otherwise, or
  *           a negative value on error.
  */
 static int FNAME(page_fault)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
 			       u32 error_code)
 {
 	int write_fault = error_code & PFERR_WRITE_MASK;
 	int pte_present = error_code & PFERR_PRESENT_MASK;
 	int user_fault = error_code & PFERR_USER_MASK;
 	struct guest_walker walker;
 	u64 *shadow_pte;
 	int fixed;
 	int write_pt = 0;
 	int r;

 	pgprintk("%s: addr %lx err %x\n", __FUNCTION__, addr, error_code);
 	kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "pre page fault");

 	r = mmu_topup_memory_caches(vcpu);
 	if (r)
 		return r;

 	/*
 	 * Look up the shadow pte for the faulting address.
 	 */
 	FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, addr);
 	shadow_pte = FNAME(fetch)(vcpu, addr, &walker);

 	/*
 	 * The page is not mapped by the guest.  Let the guest handle it.
 	 */
 	if (!shadow_pte) {
 		pgprintk("%s: not mapped\n", __FUNCTION__);
 		inject_page_fault(vcpu, addr, error_code);
 		FNAME(release_walker)(&walker);
 		return 0;
 	}

 	pgprintk("%s: shadow pte %p %llx\n", __FUNCTION__,
 		 shadow_pte, *shadow_pte);

 	/*
 	 * Update the shadow pte.
 	 */
 	if (write_fault)
 		fixed = FNAME(fix_write_pf)(vcpu, shadow_pte, &walker, addr,
 					    user_fault, &write_pt);
 	else
 		fixed = fix_read_pf(shadow_pte);

 	pgprintk("%s: updated shadow pte %p %llx\n", __FUNCTION__,
 		 shadow_pte, *shadow_pte);

 	FNAME(release_walker)(&walker);

 	/*
 	 * mmio: emulate if accessible, otherwise its a guest fault.
 	 */
 	if (is_io_pte(*shadow_pte)) {
 		if (may_access(*shadow_pte, write_fault, user_fault))
 			return 1;
 		pgprintk("%s: io work, no access\n", __FUNCTION__);
 		inject_page_fault(vcpu, addr,
 				  error_code | PFERR_PRESENT_MASK);
 		kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "post page fault (io)");
 		return 0;
 	}

 	/*
 	 * pte not present, guest page fault.
 	 */
 	if (pte_present && !fixed && !write_pt) {
 		inject_page_fault(vcpu, addr, error_code);
 		kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "post page fault (guest)");
 		return 0;
 	}

 	++kvm_stat.pf_fixed;
 	kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "post page fault (fixed)");

 	return write_pt;
 }

 static gpa_t FNAME(gva_to_gpa)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t vaddr)
 {
 	struct guest_walker walker;
 	pt_element_t guest_pte;
 	gpa_t gpa;

 	FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, vaddr);
 	guest_pte = *walker.ptep;
 	FNAME(release_walker)(&walker);

 	if (!is_present_pte(guest_pte))
 		return UNMAPPED_GVA;

 	if (walker.level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
 		ASSERT((guest_pte & PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK));
 		ASSERT(PTTYPE == 64 || is_pse(vcpu));

 		gpa = (guest_pte & PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK) | (vaddr &
 			(PT_LEVEL_MASK(PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) | ~PAGE_MASK));

 		if (PTTYPE == 32 && is_cpuid_PSE36())
 			gpa |= (guest_pte & PT32_DIR_PSE36_MASK) <<
 					(32 - PT32_DIR_PSE36_SHIFT);
 	} else {
 		gpa = (guest_pte & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK);
 		gpa |= (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK);
 	}

 	return gpa;
 }

 #undef pt_element_t
 #undef guest_walker
 #undef FNAME
 #undef PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK
 #undef PT_INDEX
 #undef SHADOW_PT_INDEX
 #undef PT_LEVEL_MASK
 #undef PT_PTE_COPY_MASK
 #undef PT_NON_PTE_COPY_MASK
 #undef PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
 #undef PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS
	/*
	* Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
	*
	* This module enables machines with Intel VT-x extensions to run virtual
	* machines without emulation or binary translation.
	*
	* MMU support
	*
	* Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet, Inc.
	*
	* Authors:
	* Yaniv Kamay <yaniv@qumranet.com>
	* Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
	*
	* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
	* the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
	*
	*/

	/*
	* We need the mmu code to access both 32-bit and 64-bit guest ptes,
	* so the code in this file is compiled twice, once per pte size.
	*/

	#if PTTYPE == 64
	#define pt_element_t u64
	#define guest_walker guest_walker64
	#define FNAME(name) paging##64_##name
	#define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
	#define PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT64_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
	#define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
	#define SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
	#define PT_LEVEL_MASK(level) PT64_LEVEL_MASK(level)
	#define PT_PTE_COPY_MASK PT64_PTE_COPY_MASK
	#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
	#define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 4
	#else
	#define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
	#endif
	#elif PTTYPE == 32
	#define pt_element_t u32
	#define guest_walker guest_walker32
	#define FNAME(name) paging##32_##name
	#define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT32_BASE_ADDR_MASK
	#define PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT32_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
	#define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT32_INDEX(addr, level)
	#define SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
	#define PT_LEVEL_MASK(level) PT32_LEVEL_MASK(level)
	#define PT_PTE_COPY_MASK PT32_PTE_COPY_MASK
	#define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
	#else
	#error Invalid PTTYPE value
	#endif

	/*
	* The guest_walker structure emulates the behavior of the hardware page
	* table walker.
	*/
	struct guest_walker {
	int level;
	gfn_t table_gfn[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
	pt_element_t *table;
	pt_element_t *ptep;
	pt_element_t inherited_ar;
	gfn_t gfn;
	};

	/*
	* Fetch a guest pte for a guest virtual address
	*/
	static void FNAME(walk_addr)(struct guest_walker *walker,
	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr)
	{
	hpa_t hpa;
	struct kvm_memory_slot *slot;
	pt_element_t *ptep;
	pt_element_t root;
	gfn_t table_gfn;

	pgprintk("%s: addr %lx\n", __FUNCTION__, addr);
	walker->level = vcpu->mmu.root_level;
	walker->table = NULL;
	root = vcpu->cr3;
	#if PTTYPE == 64
	if (!is_long_mode(vcpu)) {
	walker->ptep = &vcpu->pdptrs[(addr >> 30) & 3];
	root = *walker->ptep;
	if (!(root & PT_PRESENT_MASK))
	return;
	--walker->level;
	}
	#endif
	table_gfn = (root & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	walker->table_gfn[walker->level - 1] = table_gfn;
	pgprintk("%s: table_gfn[%d] %lx\n", __FUNCTION__,
	walker->level - 1, table_gfn);
	slot = gfn_to_memslot(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn);
	hpa = safe_gpa_to_hpa(vcpu, root & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK);
	walker->table = kmap_atomic(pfn_to_page(hpa >> PAGE_SHIFT), KM_USER0);

	ASSERT((!is_long_mode(vcpu) && is_pae(vcpu)) \|\|
	(vcpu->cr3 & ~(PAGE_MASK \| CR3_FLAGS_MASK)) == 0);

	walker->inherited_ar = PT_USER_MASK \| PT_WRITABLE_MASK;

	for (;;) {
	int index = PT_INDEX(addr, walker->level);
	hpa_t paddr;

	ptep = &walker->table[index];
	ASSERT(((unsigned long)walker->table & PAGE_MASK) ==
	((unsigned long)ptep & PAGE_MASK));

	if (is_present_pte(ptep) && !(ptep & PT_ACCESSED_MASK))
	*ptep \|= PT_ACCESSED_MASK;

	if (!is_present_pte(*ptep))
	break;

	if (walker->level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) {
	walker->gfn = (*ptep & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK)
	>> PAGE_SHIFT;
	break;
	}

	if (walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL
	&& (*ptep & PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK)
	&& (PTTYPE == 64 \|\| is_pse(vcpu))) {
	walker->gfn = (*ptep & PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK)
	>> PAGE_SHIFT;
	walker->gfn += PT_INDEX(addr, PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL);
	break;
	}

	if (walker->level != 3 \|\| is_long_mode(vcpu))
	walker->inherited_ar &= walker->table[index];
	table_gfn = (*ptep & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	paddr = safe_gpa_to_hpa(vcpu, *ptep & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK);
	kunmap_atomic(walker->table, KM_USER0);
	walker->table = kmap_atomic(pfn_to_page(paddr >> PAGE_SHIFT),
	KM_USER0);
	--walker->level;
	walker->table_gfn[walker->level - 1 ] = table_gfn;
	pgprintk("%s: table_gfn[%d] %lx\n", __FUNCTION__,
	walker->level - 1, table_gfn);
	}
	walker->ptep = ptep;
	pgprintk("%s: pte %llx\n", __FUNCTION__, (u64)*ptep);
	}

	static void FNAME(release_walker)(struct guest_walker *walker)
	{
	if (walker->table)
	kunmap_atomic(walker->table, KM_USER0);
	}

	static void FNAME(set_pte)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 guest_pte,
	u64 *shadow_pte, u64 access_bits, gfn_t gfn)
	{
	ASSERT(*shadow_pte == 0);
	access_bits &= guest_pte;
	*shadow_pte = (guest_pte & PT_PTE_COPY_MASK);
	set_pte_common(vcpu, shadow_pte, guest_pte & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK,
	guest_pte & PT_DIRTY_MASK, access_bits, gfn);
	}

	static void FNAME(set_pde)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 guest_pde,
	u64 *shadow_pte, u64 access_bits, gfn_t gfn)
	{
	gpa_t gaddr;

	ASSERT(*shadow_pte == 0);
	access_bits &= guest_pde;
	gaddr = (gpa_t)gfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
	if (PTTYPE == 32 && is_cpuid_PSE36())
	gaddr \|= (guest_pde & PT32_DIR_PSE36_MASK) <<
	(32 - PT32_DIR_PSE36_SHIFT);
	*shadow_pte = guest_pde & PT_PTE_COPY_MASK;
	set_pte_common(vcpu, shadow_pte, gaddr,
	guest_pde & PT_DIRTY_MASK, access_bits, gfn);
	}

	/*
	* Fetch a shadow pte for a specific level in the paging hierarchy.
	*/
	static u64 FNAME(fetch)(struct kvm_vcpu vcpu, gva_t addr,
	struct guest_walker *walker)
	{
	hpa_t shadow_addr;
	int level;
	u64 *prev_shadow_ent = NULL;
	pt_element_t *guest_ent = walker->ptep;

	if (!is_present_pte(*guest_ent))
	return NULL;

	shadow_addr = vcpu->mmu.root_hpa;
	level = vcpu->mmu.shadow_root_level;
	if (level == PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL) {
	shadow_addr = vcpu->mmu.pae_root[(addr >> 30) & 3];
	shadow_addr &= PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK;
	--level;
	}

	for (; ; level--) {
	u32 index = SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level);
	u64 shadow_ent = ((u64 )__va(shadow_addr)) + index;
	struct kvm_mmu_page *shadow_page;
	u64 shadow_pte;
	int metaphysical;
	gfn_t table_gfn;

	if (is_present_pte(shadow_ent) \|\| is_io_pte(shadow_ent)) {
	if (level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)
	return shadow_ent;
	shadow_addr = *shadow_ent & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK;
	prev_shadow_ent = shadow_ent;
	continue;
	}

	if (level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) {

	if (walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
	if (prev_shadow_ent)
	*prev_shadow_ent \|= PT_SHADOW_PS_MARK;
	FNAME(set_pde)(vcpu, *guest_ent, shadow_ent,
	walker->inherited_ar,
	walker->gfn);
	} else {
	ASSERT(walker->level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL);
	FNAME(set_pte)(vcpu, *guest_ent, shadow_ent,
	walker->inherited_ar,
	walker->gfn);
	}
	return shadow_ent;
	}

	if (level - 1 == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL
	&& walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
	metaphysical = 1;
	table_gfn = (*guest_ent & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK)
	>> PAGE_SHIFT;
	} else {
	metaphysical = 0;
	table_gfn = walker->table_gfn[level - 2];
	}
	shadow_page = kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu, table_gfn, addr, level-1,
	metaphysical, shadow_ent);
	shadow_addr = shadow_page->page_hpa;
	shadow_pte = shadow_addr \| PT_PRESENT_MASK \| PT_ACCESSED_MASK
	\| PT_WRITABLE_MASK \| PT_USER_MASK;
	*shadow_ent = shadow_pte;
	prev_shadow_ent = shadow_ent;
	}
	}

	/*
	* The guest faulted for write. We need to
	*
	* - check write permissions
	* - update the guest pte dirty bit
	* - update our own dirty page tracking structures
	*/
	static int FNAME(fix_write_pf)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
	u64 *shadow_ent,
	struct guest_walker *walker,
	gva_t addr,
	int user,
	int *write_pt)
	{
	pt_element_t *guest_ent;
	int writable_shadow;
	gfn_t gfn;
	struct kvm_mmu_page *page;

	if (is_writeble_pte(*shadow_ent))
	return 0;

	writable_shadow = *shadow_ent & PT_SHADOW_WRITABLE_MASK;
	if (user) {
	/*
	* User mode access. Fail if it's a kernel page or a read-only
	* page.
	*/
	if (!(*shadow_ent & PT_SHADOW_USER_MASK) \|\| !writable_shadow)
	return 0;
	ASSERT(*shadow_ent & PT_USER_MASK);
	} else
	/*
	* Kernel mode access. Fail if it's a read-only page and
	* supervisor write protection is enabled.
	*/
	if (!writable_shadow) {
	if (is_write_protection(vcpu))
	return 0;
	*shadow_ent &= ~PT_USER_MASK;
	}

	guest_ent = walker->ptep;

	if (!is_present_pte(*guest_ent)) {
	*shadow_ent = 0;
	return 0;
	}

	gfn = walker->gfn;

	if (user) {
	/*
	* Usermode page faults won't be for page table updates.
	*/
	while ((page = kvm_mmu_lookup_page(vcpu, gfn)) != NULL) {
	pgprintk("%s: zap %lx %x\n",
	__FUNCTION__, gfn, page->role.word);
	kvm_mmu_zap_page(vcpu, page);
	}
	} else if (kvm_mmu_lookup_page(vcpu, gfn)) {
	pgprintk("%s: found shadow page for %lx, marking ro\n",
	__FUNCTION__, gfn);
	*guest_ent \|= PT_DIRTY_MASK;
	*write_pt = 1;
	return 0;
	}
	mark_page_dirty(vcpu->kvm, gfn);
	*shadow_ent \|= PT_WRITABLE_MASK;
	*guest_ent \|= PT_DIRTY_MASK;
	rmap_add(vcpu, shadow_ent);

	return 1;
	}

	/*
	* Page fault handler. There are several causes for a page fault:
	* - there is no shadow pte for the guest pte
	* - write access through a shadow pte marked read only so that we can set
	* the dirty bit
	* - write access to a shadow pte marked read only so we can update the page
	* dirty bitmap, when userspace requests it
	* - mmio access; in this case we will never install a present shadow pte
	* - normal guest page fault due to the guest pte marked not present, not
	* writable, or not executable
	*
	* Returns: 1 if we need to emulate the instruction, 0 otherwise, or
	* a negative value on error.
	*/
	static int FNAME(page_fault)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
	u32 error_code)
	{
	int write_fault = error_code & PFERR_WRITE_MASK;
	int pte_present = error_code & PFERR_PRESENT_MASK;
	int user_fault = error_code & PFERR_USER_MASK;
	struct guest_walker walker;
	u64 *shadow_pte;
	int fixed;
	int write_pt = 0;
	int r;

	pgprintk("%s: addr %lx err %x\n", __FUNCTION__, addr, error_code);
	kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "pre page fault");

	r = mmu_topup_memory_caches(vcpu);
	if (r)
	return r;

	/*
	* Look up the shadow pte for the faulting address.
	*/
	FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, addr);
	shadow_pte = FNAME(fetch)(vcpu, addr, &walker);

	/*
	* The page is not mapped by the guest. Let the guest handle it.
	*/
	if (!shadow_pte) {
	pgprintk("%s: not mapped\n", __FUNCTION__);
	inject_page_fault(vcpu, addr, error_code);
	FNAME(release_walker)(&walker);
	return 0;
	}

	pgprintk("%s: shadow pte %p %llx\n", __FUNCTION__,
	shadow_pte, *shadow_pte);

	/*
	* Update the shadow pte.
	*/
	if (write_fault)
	fixed = FNAME(fix_write_pf)(vcpu, shadow_pte, &walker, addr,
	user_fault, &write_pt);
	else
	fixed = fix_read_pf(shadow_pte);

	pgprintk("%s: updated shadow pte %p %llx\n", __FUNCTION__,
	shadow_pte, *shadow_pte);

	FNAME(release_walker)(&walker);

	/*
	* mmio: emulate if accessible, otherwise its a guest fault.
	*/
	if (is_io_pte(*shadow_pte)) {
	if (may_access(*shadow_pte, write_fault, user_fault))
	return 1;
	pgprintk("%s: io work, no access\n", __FUNCTION__);
	inject_page_fault(vcpu, addr,
	error_code \| PFERR_PRESENT_MASK);
	kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "post page fault (io)");
	return 0;
	}

	/*
	* pte not present, guest page fault.
	*/
	if (pte_present && !fixed && !write_pt) {
	inject_page_fault(vcpu, addr, error_code);
	kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "post page fault (guest)");
	return 0;
	}

	++kvm_stat.pf_fixed;
	kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "post page fault (fixed)");

	return write_pt;
	}

	static gpa_t FNAME(gva_to_gpa)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t vaddr)
	{
	struct guest_walker walker;
	pt_element_t guest_pte;
	gpa_t gpa;

	FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, vaddr);
	guest_pte = *walker.ptep;
	FNAME(release_walker)(&walker);

	if (!is_present_pte(guest_pte))
	return UNMAPPED_GVA;

	if (walker.level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
	ASSERT((guest_pte & PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK));
	ASSERT(PTTYPE == 64 \|\| is_pse(vcpu));

	gpa = (guest_pte & PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK) \| (vaddr &
	(PT_LEVEL_MASK(PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) \| ~PAGE_MASK));

	if (PTTYPE == 32 && is_cpuid_PSE36())
	gpa \|= (guest_pte & PT32_DIR_PSE36_MASK) <<
	(32 - PT32_DIR_PSE36_SHIFT);
	} else {
	gpa = (guest_pte & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK);
	gpa \|= (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK);
	}

	return gpa;
	}

	#undef pt_element_t
	#undef guest_walker
	#undef FNAME
	#undef PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK
	#undef PT_INDEX
	#undef SHADOW_PT_INDEX
	#undef PT_LEVEL_MASK
	#undef PT_PTE_COPY_MASK
	#undef PT_NON_PTE_COPY_MASK
	#undef PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
	#undef PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS