runtime/arch/stub_test.cc

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include <cstdio>

#include "art_field-inl.h"
#include "class_linker-inl.h"
#include "common_runtime_test.h"
#include "entrypoints/quick/quick_entrypoints_enum.h"
#include "mirror/art_method-inl.h"
#include "mirror/class-inl.h"
#include "mirror/string-inl.h"
#include "scoped_thread_state_change.h"

namespace art {


class StubTest : public CommonRuntimeTest {
 protected:
  // We need callee-save methods set up in the Runtime for exceptions.
  void SetUp() OVERRIDE {
    // Do the normal setup.
    CommonRuntimeTest::SetUp();

    {
      // Create callee-save methods
      ScopedObjectAccess soa(Thread::Current());
      runtime_->SetInstructionSet(kRuntimeISA);
      for (int i = 0; i < Runtime::kLastCalleeSaveType; i++) {
        Runtime::CalleeSaveType type = Runtime::CalleeSaveType(i);
        if (!runtime_->HasCalleeSaveMethod(type)) {
          runtime_->SetCalleeSaveMethod(runtime_->CreateCalleeSaveMethod(), type);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  void SetUpRuntimeOptions(RuntimeOptions *options) OVERRIDE {
    // Use a smaller heap
    for (std::pair<std::string, const void*>& pair : *options) {
      if (pair.first.find("-Xmx") == 0) {
        pair.first = "-Xmx4M";  // Smallest we can go.
      }
    }
    options->push_back(std::make_pair("-Xint", nullptr));
  }

  // Helper function needed since TEST_F makes a new class.
  Thread::tls_ptr_sized_values* GetTlsPtr(Thread* self) {
    return &self->tlsPtr_;
  }

 public:
  size_t Invoke3(size_t arg0, size_t arg1, size_t arg2, uintptr_t code, Thread* self) {
    return Invoke3WithReferrer(arg0, arg1, arg2, code, self, nullptr);
  }

  // TODO: Set up a frame according to referrer's specs.
  size_t Invoke3WithReferrer(size_t arg0, size_t arg1, size_t arg2, uintptr_t code, Thread* self,
                             mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
    // Push a transition back into managed code onto the linked list in thread.
    ManagedStack fragment;
    self->PushManagedStackFragment(&fragment);

    size_t result;
    size_t fpr_result = 0;
#if defined(__i386__)
    // TODO: Set the thread?
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "subl $12, %%esp\n\t"       // Align stack.
        "pushl %[referrer]\n\t"     // Store referrer.
        "call *%%edi\n\t"           // Call the stub
        "addl $16, %%esp"           // Pop referrer
        : "=a" (result)
          // Use the result from eax
        : "a"(arg0), "c"(arg1), "d"(arg2), "D"(code), [referrer]"r"(referrer)
          // This places code into edi, arg0 into eax, arg1 into ecx, and arg2 into edx
        : "memory");  // clobber.
    // TODO: Should we clobber the other registers? EBX gets clobbered by some of the stubs,
    //       but compilation fails when declaring that.
#elif defined(__arm__)
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "push {r1-r12, lr}\n\t"     // Save state, 13*4B = 52B
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 52\n\t"
        "push {r9}\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 4\n\t"
        "mov r9, %[referrer]\n\n"
        "str r9, [sp, #-8]!\n\t"   // Push referrer, +8B padding so 16B aligned
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 8\n\t"
        "ldr r9, [sp, #8]\n\t"

        // Push everything on the stack, so we don't rely on the order. What a mess. :-(
        "sub sp, sp, #20\n\t"
        "str %[arg0], [sp]\n\t"
        "str %[arg1], [sp, #4]\n\t"
        "str %[arg2], [sp, #8]\n\t"
        "str %[code], [sp, #12]\n\t"
        "str %[self], [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "ldr r0, [sp]\n\t"
        "ldr r1, [sp, #4]\n\t"
        "ldr r2, [sp, #8]\n\t"
        "ldr r3, [sp, #12]\n\t"
        "ldr r9, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "add sp, sp, #20\n\t"

        "blx r3\n\t"                // Call the stub
        "add sp, sp, #12\n\t"       // Pop null and padding
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -12\n\t"
        "pop {r1-r12, lr}\n\t"      // Restore state
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -52\n\t"
        "mov %[result], r0\n\t"     // Save the result
        : [result] "=r" (result)
          // Use the result from r0
        : [arg0] "r"(arg0), [arg1] "r"(arg1), [arg2] "r"(arg2), [code] "r"(code), [self] "r"(self),
          [referrer] "r"(referrer)
        : "memory");  // clobber.
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        // Spill x0-x7 which we say we don't clobber. May contain args.
        "sub sp, sp, #64\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 64\n\t"
        "stp x0, x1, [sp]\n\t"
        "stp x2, x3, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "stp x4, x5, [sp, #32]\n\t"
        "stp x6, x7, [sp, #48]\n\t"

        "sub sp, sp, #16\n\t"          // Reserve stack space, 16B aligned
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 16\n\t"
        "str %[referrer], [sp]\n\t"    // referrer

        // Push everything on the stack, so we don't rely on the order. What a mess. :-(
        "sub sp, sp, #48\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 48\n\t"
        // All things are "r" constraints, so direct str/stp should work.
        "stp %[arg0], %[arg1], [sp]\n\t"
        "stp %[arg2], %[code], [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "str %[self], [sp, #32]\n\t"

        // Now we definitely have x0-x3 free, use it to garble d8 - d15
        "movk x0, #0xfad0\n\t"
        "movk x0, #0xebad, lsl #16\n\t"
        "movk x0, #0xfad0, lsl #32\n\t"
        "movk x0, #0xebad, lsl #48\n\t"
        "fmov d8, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d9, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d10, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d11, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d12, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d13, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d14, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d15, x0\n\t"

        // Load call params into the right registers.
        "ldp x0, x1, [sp]\n\t"
        "ldp x2, x3, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "ldr x18, [sp, #32]\n\t"
        "add sp, sp, #48\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -48\n\t"


        "blr x3\n\t"              // Call the stub
        "mov x8, x0\n\t"          // Store result
        "add sp, sp, #16\n\t"     // Drop the quick "frame"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -16\n\t"

        // Test d8 - d15. We can use x1 and x2.
        "movk x1, #0xfad0\n\t"
        "movk x1, #0xebad, lsl #16\n\t"
        "movk x1, #0xfad0, lsl #32\n\t"
        "movk x1, #0xebad, lsl #48\n\t"
        "fmov x2, d8\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d9\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d10\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d11\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d12\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d13\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d14\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d15\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"

        "mov x9, #0\n\t"              // Use x9 as flag, in clobber list

        // Finish up.
        "2:\n\t"
        "ldp x0, x1, [sp]\n\t"        // Restore stuff not named clobbered, may contain fpr_result
        "ldp x2, x3, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "ldp x4, x5, [sp, #32]\n\t"
        "ldp x6, x7, [sp, #48]\n\t"
        "add sp, sp, #64\n\t"         // Free stack space, now sp as on entry
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -64\n\t"

        "str x9, %[fpr_result]\n\t"   // Store the FPR comparison result
        "mov %[result], x8\n\t"              // Store the call result

        "b 3f\n\t"                     // Goto end

        // Failed fpr verification.
        "1:\n\t"
        "mov x9, #1\n\t"
        "b 2b\n\t"                     // Goto finish-up

        // End
        "3:\n\t"
        : [result] "=r" (result)
          // Use the result from r0
        : [arg0] "0"(arg0), [arg1] "r"(arg1), [arg2] "r"(arg2), [code] "r"(code), [self] "r"(self),
          [referrer] "r"(referrer), [fpr_result] "m" (fpr_result)
        : "x8", "x9", "x10", "x11", "x12", "x13", "x14", "x15", "x16", "x17", "x18", "x19", "x20",
          "x21", "x22", "x23", "x24", "x25", "x26", "x27", "x28", "x30",
          "d0", "d1", "d2", "d3", "d4", "d5", "d6", "d7",
          "d8", "d9", "d10", "d11", "d12", "d13", "d14", "d15",
          "d16", "d17", "d18", "d19", "d20", "d21", "d22", "d23",
          "d24", "d25", "d26", "d27", "d28", "d29", "d30", "d31",
          "memory");  // clobber.
#elif defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__clang__)
    // Note: Uses the native convention
    // TODO: Set the thread?
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "pushq %[referrer]\n\t"        // Push referrer
        "pushq (%%rsp)\n\t"             // & 16B alignment padding
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 16\n\t"
        "call *%%rax\n\t"              // Call the stub
        "addq $16, %%rsp\n\t"          // Pop null and padding
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -16\n\t"
        : "=a" (result)
          // Use the result from rax
        : "D"(arg0), "S"(arg1), "d"(arg2), "a"(code), [referrer] "c"(referrer)
          // This places arg0 into rdi, arg1 into rsi, arg2 into rdx, and code into rax
        : "rbx", "rbp", "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11", "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15",
          "memory");  // clobber all
    // TODO: Should we clobber the other registers?
#else
    UNUSED(arg0, arg1, arg2, code, referrer);
    LOG(WARNING) << "Was asked to invoke for an architecture I do not understand.";
    result = 0;
#endif
    // Pop transition.
    self->PopManagedStackFragment(fragment);

    fp_result = fpr_result;
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, fp_result);

    return result;
  }

  // TODO: Set up a frame according to referrer's specs.
  size_t Invoke3WithReferrerAndHidden(size_t arg0, size_t arg1, size_t arg2, uintptr_t code,
                                      Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, size_t hidden) {
    // Push a transition back into managed code onto the linked list in thread.
    ManagedStack fragment;
    self->PushManagedStackFragment(&fragment);

    size_t result;
    size_t fpr_result = 0;
#if defined(__i386__)
    // TODO: Set the thread?
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "movd %[hidden], %%xmm7\n\t"
        "subl $12, %%esp\n\t"       // Align stack.
        "pushl %[referrer]\n\t"     // Store referrer
        "call *%%edi\n\t"           // Call the stub
        "addl $16, %%esp"           // Pop referrer
        : "=a" (result)
          // Use the result from eax
        : "a"(arg0), "c"(arg1), "d"(arg2), "D"(code), [referrer]"r"(referrer), [hidden]"m"(hidden)
          // This places code into edi, arg0 into eax, arg1 into ecx, and arg2 into edx
        : "memory");  // clobber.
    // TODO: Should we clobber the other registers? EBX gets clobbered by some of the stubs,
    //       but compilation fails when declaring that.
#elif defined(__arm__)
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "push {r1-r12, lr}\n\t"     // Save state, 13*4B = 52B
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 52\n\t"
        "push {r9}\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 4\n\t"
        "mov r9, %[referrer]\n\n"
        "str r9, [sp, #-8]!\n\t"   // Push referrer, +8B padding so 16B aligned
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 8\n\t"
        "ldr r9, [sp, #8]\n\t"

        // Push everything on the stack, so we don't rely on the order. What a mess. :-(
        "sub sp, sp, #24\n\t"
        "str %[arg0], [sp]\n\t"
        "str %[arg1], [sp, #4]\n\t"
        "str %[arg2], [sp, #8]\n\t"
        "str %[code], [sp, #12]\n\t"
        "str %[self], [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "str %[hidden], [sp, #20]\n\t"
        "ldr r0, [sp]\n\t"
        "ldr r1, [sp, #4]\n\t"
        "ldr r2, [sp, #8]\n\t"
        "ldr r3, [sp, #12]\n\t"
        "ldr r9, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "ldr r12, [sp, #20]\n\t"
        "add sp, sp, #24\n\t"

        "blx r3\n\t"                // Call the stub
        "add sp, sp, #12\n\t"       // Pop null and padding
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -12\n\t"
        "pop {r1-r12, lr}\n\t"      // Restore state
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -52\n\t"
        "mov %[result], r0\n\t"     // Save the result
        : [result] "=r" (result)
          // Use the result from r0
        : [arg0] "r"(arg0), [arg1] "r"(arg1), [arg2] "r"(arg2), [code] "r"(code), [self] "r"(self),
          [referrer] "r"(referrer), [hidden] "r"(hidden)
        : "memory");  // clobber.
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        // Spill x0-x7 which we say we don't clobber. May contain args.
        "sub sp, sp, #64\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 64\n\t"
        "stp x0, x1, [sp]\n\t"
        "stp x2, x3, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "stp x4, x5, [sp, #32]\n\t"
        "stp x6, x7, [sp, #48]\n\t"

        "sub sp, sp, #16\n\t"          // Reserve stack space, 16B aligned
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 16\n\t"
        "str %[referrer], [sp]\n\t"    // referrer

        // Push everything on the stack, so we don't rely on the order. What a mess. :-(
        "sub sp, sp, #48\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 48\n\t"
        // All things are "r" constraints, so direct str/stp should work.
        "stp %[arg0], %[arg1], [sp]\n\t"
        "stp %[arg2], %[code], [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "stp %[self], %[hidden], [sp, #32]\n\t"

        // Now we definitely have x0-x3 free, use it to garble d8 - d15
        "movk x0, #0xfad0\n\t"
        "movk x0, #0xebad, lsl #16\n\t"
        "movk x0, #0xfad0, lsl #32\n\t"
        "movk x0, #0xebad, lsl #48\n\t"
        "fmov d8, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d9, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d10, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d11, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d12, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d13, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d14, x0\n\t"
        "add x0, x0, 1\n\t"
        "fmov d15, x0\n\t"

        // Load call params into the right registers.
        "ldp x0, x1, [sp]\n\t"
        "ldp x2, x3, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "ldp x18, x17, [sp, #32]\n\t"
        "add sp, sp, #48\n\t"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -48\n\t"

        "blr x3\n\t"              // Call the stub
        "mov x8, x0\n\t"          // Store result
        "add sp, sp, #16\n\t"     // Drop the quick "frame"
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -16\n\t"

        // Test d8 - d15. We can use x1 and x2.
        "movk x1, #0xfad0\n\t"
        "movk x1, #0xebad, lsl #16\n\t"
        "movk x1, #0xfad0, lsl #32\n\t"
        "movk x1, #0xebad, lsl #48\n\t"
        "fmov x2, d8\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d9\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d10\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d11\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d12\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d13\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d14\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"
        "add x1, x1, 1\n\t"

        "fmov x2, d15\n\t"
        "cmp x1, x2\n\t"
        "b.ne 1f\n\t"

        "mov x9, #0\n\t"              // Use x9 as flag, in clobber list

        // Finish up.
        "2:\n\t"
        "ldp x0, x1, [sp]\n\t"        // Restore stuff not named clobbered, may contain fpr_result
        "ldp x2, x3, [sp, #16]\n\t"
        "ldp x4, x5, [sp, #32]\n\t"
        "ldp x6, x7, [sp, #48]\n\t"
        "add sp, sp, #64\n\t"         // Free stack space, now sp as on entry
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -64\n\t"

        "str x9, %[fpr_result]\n\t"   // Store the FPR comparison result
        "mov %[result], x8\n\t"              // Store the call result

        "b 3f\n\t"                     // Goto end

        // Failed fpr verification.
        "1:\n\t"
        "mov x9, #1\n\t"
        "b 2b\n\t"                     // Goto finish-up

        // End
        "3:\n\t"
        : [result] "=r" (result)
          // Use the result from r0
        : [arg0] "0"(arg0), [arg1] "r"(arg1), [arg2] "r"(arg2), [code] "r"(code), [self] "r"(self),
          [referrer] "r"(referrer), [hidden] "r"(hidden), [fpr_result] "m" (fpr_result)
        : "x8", "x9", "x10", "x11", "x12", "x13", "x14", "x15", "x16", "x17", "x18", "x19", "x20",
          "x21", "x22", "x23", "x24", "x25", "x26", "x27", "x28", "x30",
          "d0", "d1", "d2", "d3", "d4", "d5", "d6", "d7",
          "d8", "d9", "d10", "d11", "d12", "d13", "d14", "d15",
          "d16", "d17", "d18", "d19", "d20", "d21", "d22", "d23",
          "d24", "d25", "d26", "d27", "d28", "d29", "d30", "d31",
          "memory");  // clobber.
#elif defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__clang__)
    // Note: Uses the native convention
    // TODO: Set the thread?
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "pushq %[referrer]\n\t"        // Push referrer
        "pushq (%%rsp)\n\t"            // & 16B alignment padding
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset 16\n\t"
        "call *%%rbx\n\t"              // Call the stub
        "addq $16, %%rsp\n\t"          // Pop null and padding
        ".cfi_adjust_cfa_offset -16\n\t"
        : "=a" (result)
        // Use the result from rax
        : "D"(arg0), "S"(arg1), "d"(arg2), "b"(code), [referrer] "c"(referrer), [hidden] "a"(hidden)
        // This places arg0 into rdi, arg1 into rsi, arg2 into rdx, and code into rax
        : "rbp", "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11", "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15",
          "memory");  // clobber all
    // TODO: Should we clobber the other registers?
#else
    UNUSED(arg0, arg1, arg2, code, referrer, hidden);
    LOG(WARNING) << "Was asked to invoke for an architecture I do not understand.";
    result = 0;
#endif
    // Pop transition.
    self->PopManagedStackFragment(fragment);

    fp_result = fpr_result;
    EXPECT_EQ(0U, fp_result);

    return result;
  }

  // Method with 32b arg0, 64b arg1
  size_t Invoke3UWithReferrer(size_t arg0, uint64_t arg1, uintptr_t code, Thread* self,
                              mirror::ArtMethod* referrer) {
#if (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__)) || defined(__aarch64__)
    // Just pass through.
    return Invoke3WithReferrer(arg0, arg1, 0U, code, self, referrer);
#else
    // Need to split up arguments.
    uint32_t lower = static_cast<uint32_t>(arg1 & 0xFFFFFFFF);
    uint32_t upper = static_cast<uint32_t>((arg1 >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF);

    return Invoke3WithReferrer(arg0, lower, upper, code, self, referrer);
#endif
  }

  static uintptr_t GetEntrypoint(Thread* self, QuickEntrypointEnum entrypoint) {
    int32_t offset;
#ifdef __LP64__
    offset = GetThreadOffset<8>(entrypoint).Int32Value();
#else
    offset = GetThreadOffset<4>(entrypoint).Int32Value();
#endif
    return *reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t*>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(self) + offset);
  }

 protected:
  size_t fp_result;
};


TEST_F(StubTest, Memcpy) {
#if defined(__i386__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  uint32_t orig[20];
  uint32_t trg[20];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
    orig[i] = i;
    trg[i] = 0;
  }

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(&trg[4]), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(&orig[4]),
          10 * sizeof(uint32_t), StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickMemcpy), self);

  EXPECT_EQ(orig[0], trg[0]);

  for (size_t i = 1; i < 4; ++i) {
    EXPECT_NE(orig[i], trg[i]);
  }

  for (size_t i = 4; i < 14; ++i) {
    EXPECT_EQ(orig[i], trg[i]);
  }

  for (size_t i = 14; i < 20; ++i) {
    EXPECT_NE(orig[i], trg[i]);
  }

  // TODO: Test overlapping?

#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping memcpy as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping memcpy as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

TEST_F(StubTest, LockObject) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  static constexpr size_t kThinLockLoops = 100;

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  const uintptr_t art_quick_lock_object = StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickLockObject);

  // Create an object
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  StackHandleScope<2> hs(soa.Self());
  Handle<mirror::String> obj(
      hs.NewHandle(mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(soa.Self(), "hello, world!")));
  LockWord lock = obj->GetLockWord(false);
  LockWord::LockState old_state = lock.GetState();
  EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kUnlocked, old_state);

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_lock_object, self);

  LockWord lock_after = obj->GetLockWord(false);
  LockWord::LockState new_state = lock_after.GetState();
  EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kThinLocked, new_state);
  EXPECT_EQ(lock_after.ThinLockCount(), 0U);  // Thin lock starts count at zero

  for (size_t i = 1; i < kThinLockLoops; ++i) {
    Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_lock_object, self);

    // Check we're at lock count i

    LockWord l_inc = obj->GetLockWord(false);
    LockWord::LockState l_inc_state = l_inc.GetState();
    EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kThinLocked, l_inc_state);
    EXPECT_EQ(l_inc.ThinLockCount(), i);
  }

  // Force a fat lock by running identity hashcode to fill up lock word.
  Handle<mirror::String> obj2(hs.NewHandle(
      mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(soa.Self(), "hello, world!")));

  obj2->IdentityHashCode();

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj2.Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_lock_object, self);

  LockWord lock_after2 = obj2->GetLockWord(false);
  LockWord::LockState new_state2 = lock_after2.GetState();
  EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kFatLocked, new_state2);
  EXPECT_NE(lock_after2.FatLockMonitor(), static_cast<Monitor*>(nullptr));

  // Test done.
#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping lock_object as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping lock_object as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


class RandGen {
 public:
  explicit RandGen(uint32_t seed) : val_(seed) {}

  uint32_t next() {
    val_ = val_ * 48271 % 2147483647 + 13;
    return val_;
  }

  uint32_t val_;
};


// NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS as we do not want to grab exclusive mutator lock for MonitorInfo.
static void TestUnlockObject(StubTest* test) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  static constexpr size_t kThinLockLoops = 100;

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  const uintptr_t art_quick_lock_object = StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickLockObject);
  const uintptr_t art_quick_unlock_object = StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickUnlockObject);
  // Create an object
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init
  static constexpr size_t kNumberOfLocks = 10;  // Number of objects = lock
  StackHandleScope<kNumberOfLocks + 1> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::String> obj(
      hs.NewHandle(mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(soa.Self(), "hello, world!")));
  LockWord lock = obj->GetLockWord(false);
  LockWord::LockState old_state = lock.GetState();
  EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kUnlocked, old_state);

  test->Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_unlock_object, self);
  // This should be an illegal monitor state.
  EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  self->ClearException();

  LockWord lock_after = obj->GetLockWord(false);
  LockWord::LockState new_state = lock_after.GetState();
  EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kUnlocked, new_state);

  test->Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_lock_object, self);

  LockWord lock_after2 = obj->GetLockWord(false);
  LockWord::LockState new_state2 = lock_after2.GetState();
  EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kThinLocked, new_state2);

  test->Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_unlock_object, self);

  LockWord lock_after3 = obj->GetLockWord(false);
  LockWord::LockState new_state3 = lock_after3.GetState();
  EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kUnlocked, new_state3);

  // Stress test:
  // Keep a number of objects and their locks in flight. Randomly lock or unlock one of them in
  // each step.

  RandGen r(0x1234);

  constexpr size_t kIterations = 10000;  // Number of iterations
  constexpr size_t kMoveToFat = 1000;     // Chance of 1:kMoveFat to make a lock fat.

  size_t counts[kNumberOfLocks];
  bool fat[kNumberOfLocks];  // Whether a lock should be thin or fat.
  Handle<mirror::String> objects[kNumberOfLocks];

  // Initialize = allocate.
  for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumberOfLocks; ++i) {
    counts[i] = 0;
    fat[i] = false;
    objects[i] = hs.NewHandle(mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(soa.Self(), ""));
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < kIterations; ++i) {
    // Select which lock to update.
    size_t index = r.next() % kNumberOfLocks;

    // Make lock fat?
    if (!fat[index] && (r.next() % kMoveToFat == 0)) {
      fat[index] = true;
      objects[index]->IdentityHashCode();

      LockWord lock_iter = objects[index]->GetLockWord(false);
      LockWord::LockState iter_state = lock_iter.GetState();
      if (counts[index] == 0) {
        EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kHashCode, iter_state);
      } else {
        EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kFatLocked, iter_state);
      }
    } else {
      bool take_lock;  // Whether to lock or unlock in this step.
      if (counts[index] == 0) {
        take_lock = true;
      } else if (counts[index] == kThinLockLoops) {
        take_lock = false;
      } else {
        // Randomly.
        take_lock = r.next() % 2 == 0;
      }

      if (take_lock) {
        test->Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(objects[index].Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_lock_object,
                      self);
        counts[index]++;
      } else {
        test->Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(objects[index].Get()), 0U, 0U,
                      art_quick_unlock_object, self);
        counts[index]--;
      }

      EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

      // Check the new state.
      LockWord lock_iter = objects[index]->GetLockWord(true);
      LockWord::LockState iter_state = lock_iter.GetState();
      if (fat[index]) {
        // Abuse MonitorInfo.
        EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kFatLocked, iter_state) << index;
        MonitorInfo info(objects[index].Get());
        EXPECT_EQ(counts[index], info.entry_count_) << index;
      } else {
        if (counts[index] > 0) {
          EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kThinLocked, iter_state);
          EXPECT_EQ(counts[index] - 1, lock_iter.ThinLockCount());
        } else {
          EXPECT_EQ(LockWord::LockState::kUnlocked, iter_state);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // Unlock the remaining count times and then check it's unlocked. Then deallocate.
  // Go reverse order to correctly handle Handles.
  for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumberOfLocks; ++i) {
    size_t index = kNumberOfLocks - 1 - i;
    size_t count = counts[index];
    while (count > 0) {
      test->Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(objects[index].Get()), 0U, 0U, art_quick_unlock_object,
                    self);
      count--;
    }

    LockWord lock_after4 = objects[index]->GetLockWord(false);
    LockWord::LockState new_state4 = lock_after4.GetState();
    EXPECT_TRUE(LockWord::LockState::kUnlocked == new_state4
                || LockWord::LockState::kFatLocked == new_state4);
  }

  // Test done.
#else
  UNUSED(test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping unlock_object as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping unlock_object as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

TEST_F(StubTest, UnlockObject) {
  // This will lead to monitor error messages in the log.
  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);

  TestUnlockObject(this);
}

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
extern "C" void art_quick_check_cast(void);
#endif

TEST_F(StubTest, CheckCast) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  const uintptr_t art_quick_check_cast = StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickCheckCast);

  // Find some classes.
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  StackHandleScope<2> hs(soa.Self());
  Handle<mirror::Class> c(
      hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "[Ljava/lang/Object;")));
  Handle<mirror::Class> c2(
      hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "[Ljava/lang/String;")));

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), 0U,
          art_quick_check_cast, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c2.Get()), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c2.Get()), 0U,
          art_quick_check_cast, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c2.Get()), 0U,
          art_quick_check_cast, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

  // TODO: Make the following work. But that would require correct managed frames.

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c2.Get()), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), 0U,
          art_quick_check_cast, self);

  EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  self->ClearException();

#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping check_cast as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping check_cast as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


TEST_F(StubTest, APutObj) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  // Do not check non-checked ones, we'd need handlers and stuff...
  const uintptr_t art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check =
      StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAputObjectWithNullAndBoundCheck);

  // Create an object
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  StackHandleScope<5> hs(soa.Self());
  Handle<mirror::Class> c(
      hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "Ljava/lang/Object;")));
  Handle<mirror::Class> ca(
      hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "[Ljava/lang/String;")));

  // Build a string array of size 1
  Handle<mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>> array(
      hs.NewHandle(mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>::Alloc(soa.Self(), ca.Get(), 10)));

  // Build a string -> should be assignable
  Handle<mirror::String> str_obj(
      hs.NewHandle(mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(soa.Self(), "hello, world!")));

  // Build a generic object -> should fail assigning
  Handle<mirror::Object> obj_obj(hs.NewHandle(c->AllocObject(soa.Self())));

  // Play with it...

  // 1) Success cases
  // 1.1) Assign str_obj to array[0..3]

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 0U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(str_obj.Get()),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(str_obj.Get(), array->Get(0));

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 1U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(str_obj.Get()),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(str_obj.Get(), array->Get(1));

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 2U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(str_obj.Get()),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(str_obj.Get(), array->Get(2));

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 3U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(str_obj.Get()),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(str_obj.Get(), array->Get(3));

  // 1.2) Assign null to array[0..3]

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 0U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, array->Get(0));

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 1U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, array->Get(1));

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 2U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, array->Get(2));

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 3U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, array->Get(3));

  // TODO: Check _which_ exception is thrown. Then make 3) check that it's the right check order.

  // 2) Failure cases (str into str[])
  // 2.1) Array = null
  // TODO: Throwing NPE needs actual DEX code

//  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), 0U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(str_obj.Get()),
//          reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check), self);
//
//  EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
//  self->ClearException();

  // 2.2) Index < 0

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), static_cast<size_t>(-1),
          reinterpret_cast<size_t>(str_obj.Get()),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  self->ClearException();

  // 2.3) Index > 0

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 10U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(str_obj.Get()),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  self->ClearException();

  // 3) Failure cases (obj into str[])

  Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array.Get()), 0U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj_obj.Get()),
          art_quick_aput_obj_with_null_and_bound_check, self);

  EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  self->ClearException();

  // Tests done.
#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping aput_obj as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping aput_obj as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

TEST_F(StubTest, AllocObject) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  // This will lead to OOM  error messages in the log.
  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);

  // TODO: Check the "Unresolved" allocation stubs

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  // Create an object
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  StackHandleScope<2> hs(soa.Self());
  Handle<mirror::Class> c(
      hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "Ljava/lang/Object;")));

  // Play with it...

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  {
    // Use an arbitrary method from c to use as referrer
    size_t result = Invoke3(static_cast<size_t>(c->GetDexTypeIndex()),    // type_idx
                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c->GetVirtualMethod(0)),  // arbitrary
                            0U,
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAllocObject),
                            self);

    EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
    EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), result);
    mirror::Object* obj = reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object*>(result);
    EXPECT_EQ(c.Get(), obj->GetClass());
    VerifyObject(obj);
  }

  {
    // We can use null in the second argument as we do not need a method here (not used in
    // resolved/initialized cases)
    size_t result = Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), 0U,
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAllocObjectResolved),
                            self);

    EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
    EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), result);
    mirror::Object* obj = reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object*>(result);
    EXPECT_EQ(c.Get(), obj->GetClass());
    VerifyObject(obj);
  }

  {
    // We can use null in the second argument as we do not need a method here (not used in
    // resolved/initialized cases)
    size_t result = Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), 0U,
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAllocObjectInitialized),
                            self);

    EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
    EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), result);
    mirror::Object* obj = reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object*>(result);
    EXPECT_EQ(c.Get(), obj->GetClass());
    VerifyObject(obj);
  }

  // Failure tests.

  // Out-of-memory.
  {
    Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->SetIdealFootprint(1 * GB);

    // Array helps to fill memory faster.
    Handle<mirror::Class> ca(
        hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "[Ljava/lang/Object;")));

    // Use arbitrary large amount for now.
    static const size_t kMaxHandles = 1000000;
    std::unique_ptr<StackHandleScope<kMaxHandles>> hsp(new StackHandleScope<kMaxHandles>(self));

    std::vector<Handle<mirror::Object>> handles;
    // Start allocating with 128K
    size_t length = 128 * KB / 4;
    while (length > 10) {
      Handle<mirror::Object> h(hsp->NewHandle<mirror::Object>(
          mirror::ObjectArray<mirror::Object>::Alloc(soa.Self(), ca.Get(), length / 4)));
      if (self->IsExceptionPending() || h.Get() == nullptr) {
        self->ClearException();

        // Try a smaller length
        length = length / 8;
        // Use at most half the reported free space.
        size_t mem = Runtime::Current()->GetHeap()->GetFreeMemory();
        if (length * 8 > mem) {
          length = mem / 8;
        }
      } else {
        handles.push_back(h);
      }
    }
    LOG(INFO) << "Used " << handles.size() << " arrays to fill space.";

    // Allocate simple objects till it fails.
    while (!self->IsExceptionPending()) {
      Handle<mirror::Object> h = hsp->NewHandle(c->AllocObject(soa.Self()));
      if (!self->IsExceptionPending() && h.Get() != nullptr) {
        handles.push_back(h);
      }
    }
    self->ClearException();

    size_t result = Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), 0U,
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAllocObjectInitialized),
                            self);
    EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
    self->ClearException();
    EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), result);
  }

  // Tests done.
#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping alloc_object as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping alloc_object as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

TEST_F(StubTest, AllocObjectArray) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  // TODO: Check the "Unresolved" allocation stubs

  // This will lead to OOM  error messages in the log.
  ScopedLogSeverity sls(LogSeverity::FATAL);

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  // Create an object
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  StackHandleScope<2> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::Class> c(
      hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "[Ljava/lang/Object;")));

  // Needed to have a linked method.
  Handle<mirror::Class> c_obj(
      hs.NewHandle(class_linker_->FindSystemClass(soa.Self(), "Ljava/lang/Object;")));

  // Play with it...

  EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

  // For some reason this does not work, as the type_idx is artificial and outside what the
  // resolved types of c_obj allow...

  if ((false)) {
    // Use an arbitrary method from c to use as referrer
    size_t result = Invoke3(static_cast<size_t>(c->GetDexTypeIndex()),    // type_idx
                            10U,
                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c_obj->GetVirtualMethod(0)),  // arbitrary
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAllocArray),
                            self);

    EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
    EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), result);
    mirror::Array* obj = reinterpret_cast<mirror::Array*>(result);
    EXPECT_EQ(c.Get(), obj->GetClass());
    VerifyObject(obj);
    EXPECT_EQ(obj->GetLength(), 10);
  }

  {
    // We can use null in the second argument as we do not need a method here (not used in
    // resolved/initialized cases)
    size_t result = Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()), 10U,
                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr),
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAllocArrayResolved),
                            self);
    EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending()) << PrettyTypeOf(self->GetException());
    EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), result);
    mirror::Object* obj = reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object*>(result);
    EXPECT_TRUE(obj->IsArrayInstance());
    EXPECT_TRUE(obj->IsObjectArray());
    EXPECT_EQ(c.Get(), obj->GetClass());
    VerifyObject(obj);
    mirror::Array* array = reinterpret_cast<mirror::Array*>(result);
    EXPECT_EQ(array->GetLength(), 10);
  }

  // Failure tests.

  // Out-of-memory.
  {
    size_t result = Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(c.Get()),
                            GB,  // that should fail...
                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr),
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickAllocArrayResolved),
                            self);

    EXPECT_TRUE(self->IsExceptionPending());
    self->ClearException();
    EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(nullptr), result);
  }

  // Tests done.
#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping alloc_array as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping alloc_array as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


TEST_F(StubTest, StringCompareTo) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  // TODO: Check the "Unresolved" allocation stubs

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  const uintptr_t art_quick_string_compareto = StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickStringCompareTo);

  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  // Create some strings
  // Use array so we can index into it and use a matrix for expected results
  // Setup: The first half is standard. The second half uses a non-zero offset.
  // TODO: Shared backing arrays.
  const char* c[] = { "", "", "a", "aa", "ab",
      "aacaacaacaacaacaac",  // This one's under the default limit to go to __memcmp16.
      "aacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaac",     // This one's over.
      "aacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaacaaca" };  // As is this one. We need a separate one to
                                                  // defeat object-equal optimizations.
  static constexpr size_t kStringCount = arraysize(c);

  StackHandleScope<kStringCount> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::String> s[kStringCount];

  for (size_t i = 0; i < kStringCount; ++i) {
    s[i] = hs.NewHandle(mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(soa.Self(), c[i]));
  }

  // TODO: wide characters

  // Matrix of expectations. First component is first parameter. Note we only check against the
  // sign, not the value. As we are testing random offsets, we need to compute this and need to
  // rely on String::CompareTo being correct.
  int32_t expected[kStringCount][kStringCount];
  for (size_t x = 0; x < kStringCount; ++x) {
    for (size_t y = 0; y < kStringCount; ++y) {
      expected[x][y] = s[x]->CompareTo(s[y].Get());
    }
  }

  // Play with it...

  for (size_t x = 0; x < kStringCount; ++x) {
    for (size_t y = 0; y < kStringCount; ++y) {
      // Test string_compareto x y
      size_t result = Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(s[x].Get()),
                              reinterpret_cast<size_t>(s[y].Get()), 0U,
                              art_quick_string_compareto, self);

      EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

      // The result is a 32b signed integer
      union {
        size_t r;
        int32_t i;
      } conv;
      conv.r = result;
      int32_t e = expected[x][y];
      EXPECT_TRUE(e == 0 ? conv.i == 0 : true) << "x=" << c[x] << " y=" << c[y] << " res=" <<
          conv.r;
      EXPECT_TRUE(e < 0 ? conv.i < 0 : true)   << "x=" << c[x] << " y="  << c[y] << " res=" <<
          conv.r;
      EXPECT_TRUE(e > 0 ? conv.i > 0 : true)   << "x=" << c[x] << " y=" << c[y] << " res=" <<
          conv.r;
    }
  }

  // TODO: Deallocate things.

  // Tests done.
#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping string_compareto as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping string_compareto as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA <<
      std::endl;
#endif
}


static void GetSetBooleanStatic(ArtField* f, Thread* self,
                                mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  constexpr size_t num_values = 5;
  uint8_t values[num_values] = { 0, 1, 2, 128, 0xFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_values; ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              0U,
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet8Static),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                           0U, 0U,
                                           StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetBooleanStatic),
                                           self,
                                           referrer);
    // Boolean currently stores bools as uint8_t, be more zealous about asserting correct writes/gets.
    EXPECT_EQ(values[i], static_cast<uint8_t>(res)) << "Iteration " << i;
  }
#else
  UNUSED(f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_boolean_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_boolean_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}
static void GetSetByteStatic(ArtField* f, Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
                             StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  int8_t values[] = { -128, -64, 0, 64, 127 };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              0U,
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet8Static),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                           0U, 0U,
                                           StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetByteStatic),
                                           self,
                                           referrer);
    EXPECT_EQ(values[i], static_cast<int8_t>(res)) << "Iteration " << i;
  }
#else
  UNUSED(f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_byte_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_byte_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


static void GetSetBooleanInstance(Handle<mirror::Object>* obj, ArtField* f, Thread* self,
                                  mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  uint8_t values[] = { 0, true, 2, 128, 0xFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet8Instance),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    uint8_t res = f->GetBoolean(obj->Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(values[i], res) << "Iteration " << i;

    f->SetBoolean<false>(obj->Get(), res);

    size_t res2 = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                                            0U,
                                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetBooleanInstance),
                                            self,
                                            referrer);
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<uint8_t>(res2));
  }
#else
  UNUSED(obj, f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_boolean_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_boolean_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}
static void GetSetByteInstance(Handle<mirror::Object>* obj, ArtField* f,
                             Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  int8_t values[] = { -128, -64, 0, 64, 127 };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet8Instance),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    int8_t res = f->GetByte(obj->Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(res, values[i]) << "Iteration " << i;
    f->SetByte<false>(obj->Get(), ++res);

    size_t res2 = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                                            0U,
                                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetByteInstance),
                                            self,
                                            referrer);
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<int8_t>(res2));
  }
#else
  UNUSED(obj, f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_byte_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_byte_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

static void GetSetCharStatic(ArtField* f, Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
                             StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  uint16_t values[] = { 0, 1, 2, 255, 32768, 0xFFFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              0U,
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet16Static),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                           0U, 0U,
                                           StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetCharStatic),
                                           self,
                                           referrer);

    EXPECT_EQ(values[i], static_cast<uint16_t>(res)) << "Iteration " << i;
  }
#else
  UNUSED(f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_char_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_char_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}
static void GetSetShortStatic(ArtField* f, Thread* self,
                              mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  int16_t values[] = { -0x7FFF, -32768, 0, 255, 32767, 0x7FFE };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              0U,
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet16Static),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                           0U, 0U,
                                           StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetShortStatic),
                                           self,
                                           referrer);

    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int16_t>(res), values[i]) << "Iteration " << i;
  }
#else
  UNUSED(f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_short_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_short_static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

static void GetSetCharInstance(Handle<mirror::Object>* obj, ArtField* f,
                               Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  uint16_t values[] = { 0, 1, 2, 255, 32768, 0xFFFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet16Instance),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    uint16_t res = f->GetChar(obj->Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(res, values[i]) << "Iteration " << i;
    f->SetChar<false>(obj->Get(), ++res);

    size_t res2 = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                                            0U,
                                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetCharInstance),
                                            self,
                                            referrer);
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<uint16_t>(res2));
  }
#else
  UNUSED(obj, f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_char_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_char_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}
static void GetSetShortInstance(Handle<mirror::Object>* obj, ArtField* f,
                             Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  int16_t values[] = { -0x7FFF, -32768, 0, 255, 32767, 0x7FFE };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet16Instance),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    int16_t res = f->GetShort(obj->Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(res, values[i]) << "Iteration " << i;
    f->SetShort<false>(obj->Get(), ++res);

    size_t res2 = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                                            0U,
                                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetShortInstance),
                                            self,
                                            referrer);
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<int16_t>(res2));
  }
#else
  UNUSED(obj, f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set_short_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set_short_instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

static void GetSet32Static(ArtField* f, Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
                           StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  uint32_t values[] = { 0, 1, 2, 255, 32768, 1000000, 0xFFFFFFFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              0U,
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet32Static),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                           0U, 0U,
                                           StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGet32Static),
                                           self,
                                           referrer);

    EXPECT_EQ(res, values[i]) << "Iteration " << i;
  }
#else
  UNUSED(f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set32static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set32static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


static void GetSet32Instance(Handle<mirror::Object>* obj, ArtField* f,
                             Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  uint32_t values[] = { 0, 1, 2, 255, 32768, 1000000, 0xFFFFFFFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet32Instance),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    int32_t res = f->GetInt(obj->Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<int32_t>(values[i])) << "Iteration " << i;

    res++;
    f->SetInt<false>(obj->Get(), res);

    size_t res2 = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                                            0U,
                                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGet32Instance),
                                            self,
                                            referrer);
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<int32_t>(res2));
  }
#else
  UNUSED(obj, f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set32instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set32instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))

static void set_and_check_static(uint32_t f_idx, mirror::Object* val, Thread* self,
                                 mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f_idx),
                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(val),
                            0U,
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSetObjStatic),
                            self,
                            referrer);

  size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f_idx),
                                         0U, 0U,
                                         StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetObjStatic),
                                         self,
                                         referrer);

  EXPECT_EQ(res, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(val)) << "Value " << val;
}
#endif

static void GetSetObjStatic(ArtField* f, Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
                            StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  set_and_check_static(f->GetDexFieldIndex(), nullptr, self, referrer, test);

  // Allocate a string object for simplicity.
  mirror::String* str = mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(self, "Test");
  set_and_check_static(f->GetDexFieldIndex(), str, self, referrer, test);

  set_and_check_static(f->GetDexFieldIndex(), nullptr, self, referrer, test);
#else
  UNUSED(f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping setObjstatic as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping setObjstatic as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
static void set_and_check_instance(ArtField* f, mirror::Object* trg,
                                   mirror::Object* val, Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
                                   StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
  test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(trg),
                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(val),
                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSetObjInstance),
                            self,
                            referrer);

  size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                         reinterpret_cast<size_t>(trg),
                                         0U,
                                         StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGetObjInstance),
                                         self,
                                         referrer);

  EXPECT_EQ(res, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(val)) << "Value " << val;

  EXPECT_EQ(val, f->GetObj(trg));
}
#endif

static void GetSetObjInstance(Handle<mirror::Object>* obj, ArtField* f,
                              Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  set_and_check_instance(f, obj->Get(), nullptr, self, referrer, test);

  // Allocate a string object for simplicity.
  mirror::String* str = mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(self, "Test");
  set_and_check_instance(f, obj->Get(), str, self, referrer, test);

  set_and_check_instance(f, obj->Get(), nullptr, self, referrer, test);
#else
  UNUSED(obj, f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping setObjinstance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping setObjinstance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


// TODO: Complete these tests for 32b architectures.

static void GetSet64Static(ArtField* f, Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer,
                           StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__)) || defined(__aarch64__)
  uint64_t values[] = { 0, 1, 2, 255, 32768, 1000000, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3UWithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                               values[i],
                               StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet64Static),
                               self,
                               referrer);

    size_t res = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                           0U, 0U,
                                           StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGet64Static),
                                           self,
                                           referrer);

    EXPECT_EQ(res, values[i]) << "Iteration " << i;
  }
#else
  UNUSED(f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set64static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set64static as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}


static void GetSet64Instance(Handle<mirror::Object>* obj, ArtField* f,
                             Thread* self, mirror::ArtMethod* referrer, StubTest* test)
    SHARED_LOCKS_REQUIRED(Locks::mutator_lock_) {
#if (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__)) || defined(__aarch64__)
  uint64_t values[] = { 0, 1, 2, 255, 32768, 1000000, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(values); ++i) {
    test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                              reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                              static_cast<size_t>(values[i]),
                              StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickSet64Instance),
                              self,
                              referrer);

    int64_t res = f->GetLong(obj->Get());
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<int64_t>(values[i])) << "Iteration " << i;

    res++;
    f->SetLong<false>(obj->Get(), res);

    size_t res2 = test->Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(f->GetDexFieldIndex()),
                                            reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj->Get()),
                                            0U,
                                            StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickGet64Instance),
                                            self,
                                            referrer);
    EXPECT_EQ(res, static_cast<int64_t>(res2));
  }
#else
  UNUSED(obj, f, self, referrer, test);
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping set64instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping set64instance as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

static void TestFields(Thread* self, StubTest* test, Primitive::Type test_type) {
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  JNIEnv* env = Thread::Current()->GetJniEnv();
  jclass jc = env->FindClass("AllFields");
  CHECK(jc != nullptr);
  jobject o = env->AllocObject(jc);
  CHECK(o != nullptr);

  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  StackHandleScope<4> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::Object> obj(hs.NewHandle(soa.Decode<mirror::Object*>(o)));
  Handle<mirror::Class> c(hs.NewHandle(obj->GetClass()));
  // Need a method as a referrer
  Handle<mirror::ArtMethod> m(hs.NewHandle(c->GetDirectMethod(0)));

  // Play with it...

  // Static fields.
  ArtField* fields = c->GetSFields();
  size_t num_fields = c->NumStaticFields();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_fields; ++i) {
    ArtField* f = &fields[i];
    Primitive::Type type = f->GetTypeAsPrimitiveType();
    if (test_type != type) {
     continue;
    }
    switch (type) {
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimBoolean:
        GetSetBooleanStatic(f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimByte:
        GetSetByteStatic(f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimChar:
        GetSetCharStatic(f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimShort:
        GetSetShortStatic(f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimInt:
        GetSet32Static(f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimLong:
        GetSet64Static(f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimNot:
        // Don't try array.
        if (f->GetTypeDescriptor()[0] != '[') {
          GetSetObjStatic(f, self, m.Get(), test);
        }
        break;
      default:
        break;  // Skip.
    }
  }

  // Instance fields.
  fields = c->GetIFields();
  num_fields = c->NumInstanceFields();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_fields; ++i) {
    ArtField* f = &fields[i];
    Primitive::Type type = f->GetTypeAsPrimitiveType();
    if (test_type != type) {
      continue;
    }
    switch (type) {
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimBoolean:
        GetSetBooleanInstance(&obj, f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimByte:
        GetSetByteInstance(&obj, f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimChar:
        GetSetCharInstance(&obj, f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimShort:
        GetSetShortInstance(&obj, f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimInt:
        GetSet32Instance(&obj, f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimLong:
        GetSet64Instance(&obj, f, self, m.Get(), test);
        break;
      case Primitive::Type::kPrimNot:
        // Don't try array.
        if (f->GetTypeDescriptor()[0] != '[') {
          GetSetObjInstance(&obj, f, self, m.Get(), test);
        }
        break;
      default:
        break;  // Skip.
    }
  }

  // TODO: Deallocate things.
}

TEST_F(StubTest, Fields8) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
  LoadDex("AllFields");
  bool started = runtime_->Start();
  CHECK(started);

  TestFields(self, this, Primitive::Type::kPrimBoolean);
  TestFields(self, this, Primitive::Type::kPrimByte);
}

TEST_F(StubTest, Fields16) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
  LoadDex("AllFields");
  bool started = runtime_->Start();
  CHECK(started);

  TestFields(self, this, Primitive::Type::kPrimChar);
  TestFields(self, this, Primitive::Type::kPrimShort);
}

TEST_F(StubTest, Fields32) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
  LoadDex("AllFields");
  bool started = runtime_->Start();
  CHECK(started);

  TestFields(self, this, Primitive::Type::kPrimInt);
}

TEST_F(StubTest, FieldsObj) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
  LoadDex("AllFields");
  bool started = runtime_->Start();
  CHECK(started);

  TestFields(self, this, Primitive::Type::kPrimNot);
}

TEST_F(StubTest, Fields64) {
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  self->TransitionFromSuspendedToRunnable();
  LoadDex("AllFields");
  bool started = runtime_->Start();
  CHECK(started);

  TestFields(self, this, Primitive::Type::kPrimLong);
}

TEST_F(StubTest, IMT) {
#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__APPLE__))
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();

  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  StackHandleScope<7> hs(self);

  JNIEnv* env = Thread::Current()->GetJniEnv();

  // ArrayList

  // Load ArrayList and used methods (JNI).
  jclass arraylist_jclass = env->FindClass("java/util/ArrayList");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arraylist_jclass);
  jmethodID arraylist_constructor = env->GetMethodID(arraylist_jclass, "<init>", "()V");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, arraylist_constructor);
  jmethodID contains_jmethod = env->GetMethodID(arraylist_jclass, "contains", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, contains_jmethod);
  jmethodID add_jmethod = env->GetMethodID(arraylist_jclass, "add", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, add_jmethod);

  // Get mirror representation.
  Handle<mirror::ArtMethod> contains_amethod(hs.NewHandle(soa.DecodeMethod(contains_jmethod)));

  // Patch up ArrayList.contains.
  if (contains_amethod.Get()->GetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode() == nullptr) {
    contains_amethod.Get()->SetEntryPointFromQuickCompiledCode(reinterpret_cast<void*>(
        StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickQuickToInterpreterBridge)));
  }

  // List

  // Load List and used methods (JNI).
  jclass list_jclass = env->FindClass("java/util/List");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, list_jclass);
  jmethodID inf_contains_jmethod = env->GetMethodID(list_jclass, "contains", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, inf_contains_jmethod);

  // Get mirror representation.
  Handle<mirror::ArtMethod> inf_contains(hs.NewHandle(soa.DecodeMethod(inf_contains_jmethod)));

  // Object

  jclass obj_jclass = env->FindClass("java/lang/Object");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, obj_jclass);
  jmethodID obj_constructor = env->GetMethodID(obj_jclass, "<init>", "()V");
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, obj_constructor);

  // Create instances.

  jobject jarray_list = env->NewObject(arraylist_jclass, arraylist_constructor);
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, jarray_list);
  Handle<mirror::Object> array_list(hs.NewHandle(soa.Decode<mirror::Object*>(jarray_list)));

  jobject jobj = env->NewObject(obj_jclass, obj_constructor);
  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, jobj);
  Handle<mirror::Object> obj(hs.NewHandle(soa.Decode<mirror::Object*>(jobj)));

  // Invocation tests.

  // 1. imt_conflict

  // Contains.

  size_t result =
      Invoke3WithReferrerAndHidden(0U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array_list.Get()),
                                   reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()),
                                   StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickQuickImtConflictTrampoline),
                                   self, contains_amethod.Get(),
                                   static_cast<size_t>(inf_contains.Get()->GetDexMethodIndex()));

  ASSERT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(JNI_FALSE), result);

  // Add object.

  env->CallBooleanMethod(jarray_list, add_jmethod, jobj);

  ASSERT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending()) << PrettyTypeOf(self->GetException());

  // Contains.

  result = Invoke3WithReferrerAndHidden(0U, reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array_list.Get()),
                                        reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()),
                                        StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickQuickImtConflictTrampoline),
                                        self, contains_amethod.Get(),
                                        static_cast<size_t>(inf_contains.Get()->GetDexMethodIndex()));

  ASSERT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(JNI_TRUE), result);

  // 2. regular interface trampoline

  result = Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(inf_contains.Get()->GetDexMethodIndex()),
                               reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array_list.Get()),
                               reinterpret_cast<size_t>(obj.Get()),
                               StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self,
                                   kQuickInvokeInterfaceTrampolineWithAccessCheck),
                               self, contains_amethod.Get());

  ASSERT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(JNI_TRUE), result);

  result = Invoke3WithReferrer(static_cast<size_t>(inf_contains.Get()->GetDexMethodIndex()),
                               reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array_list.Get()),
                               reinterpret_cast<size_t>(array_list.Get()),
                               StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self,
                                   kQuickInvokeInterfaceTrampolineWithAccessCheck),
                               self, contains_amethod.Get());

  ASSERT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(JNI_FALSE), result);
#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping imt as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping imt as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

TEST_F(StubTest, StringIndexOf) {
#if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)
  TEST_DISABLED_FOR_HEAP_REFERENCE_POISONING();

  Thread* self = Thread::Current();
  ScopedObjectAccess soa(self);
  // garbage is created during ClassLinker::Init

  // Create some strings
  // Use array so we can index into it and use a matrix for expected results
  // Setup: The first half is standard. The second half uses a non-zero offset.
  // TODO: Shared backing arrays.
  const char* c_str[] = { "", "a", "ba", "cba", "dcba", "edcba", "asdfghjkl" };
  static constexpr size_t kStringCount = arraysize(c_str);
  const char c_char[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' };
  static constexpr size_t kCharCount = arraysize(c_char);

  StackHandleScope<kStringCount> hs(self);
  Handle<mirror::String> s[kStringCount];

  for (size_t i = 0; i < kStringCount; ++i) {
    s[i] = hs.NewHandle(mirror::String::AllocFromModifiedUtf8(soa.Self(), c_str[i]));
  }

  // Matrix of expectations. First component is first parameter. Note we only check against the
  // sign, not the value. As we are testing random offsets, we need to compute this and need to
  // rely on String::CompareTo being correct.
  static constexpr size_t kMaxLen = 9;
  DCHECK_LE(strlen(c_str[kStringCount-1]), kMaxLen) << "Please fix the indexof test.";

  // Last dimension: start, offset by 1.
  int32_t expected[kStringCount][kCharCount][kMaxLen + 3];
  for (size_t x = 0; x < kStringCount; ++x) {
    for (size_t y = 0; y < kCharCount; ++y) {
      for (size_t z = 0; z <= kMaxLen + 2; ++z) {
        expected[x][y][z] = s[x]->FastIndexOf(c_char[y], static_cast<int32_t>(z) - 1);
      }
    }
  }

  // Play with it...

  for (size_t x = 0; x < kStringCount; ++x) {
    for (size_t y = 0; y < kCharCount; ++y) {
      for (size_t z = 0; z <= kMaxLen + 2; ++z) {
        int32_t start = static_cast<int32_t>(z) - 1;

        // Test string_compareto x y
        size_t result = Invoke3(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(s[x].Get()), c_char[y], start,
                                StubTest::GetEntrypoint(self, kQuickIndexOf), self);

        EXPECT_FALSE(self->IsExceptionPending());

        // The result is a 32b signed integer
        union {
          size_t r;
          int32_t i;
        } conv;
        conv.r = result;

        EXPECT_EQ(expected[x][y][z], conv.i) << "Wrong result for " << c_str[x] << " / " <<
            c_char[y] << " @ " << start;
      }
    }
  }

  // TODO: Deallocate things.

  // Tests done.
#else
  LOG(INFO) << "Skipping indexof as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA;
  // Force-print to std::cout so it's also outside the logcat.
  std::cout << "Skipping indexof as I don't know how to do that on " << kRuntimeISA << std::endl;
#endif
}

}  // namespace art