runtime/runtime_linux.cc

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "runtime.h"

#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <inttypes.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

#include "base/dumpable.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/macros.h"
#include "base/mutex.h"
#include "base/stringprintf.h"
#include "native_stack_dump.h"
#include "thread-inl.h"
#include "thread_list.h"
#include "utils.h"

namespace art {

static constexpr bool kDumpHeapObjectOnSigsevg = false;
static constexpr bool kUseSigRTTimeout = true;
static constexpr bool kDumpNativeStackOnTimeout = true;

struct Backtrace {
 public:
  explicit Backtrace(void* raw_context) : raw_context_(raw_context) {}
  void Dump(std::ostream& os) const {
    DumpNativeStack(os, GetTid(), nullptr, "\t", nullptr, raw_context_);
  }
 private:
  // Stores the context of the signal that was unexpected and will terminate the runtime. The
  // DumpNativeStack code will take care of casting it to the expected type. This is required
  // as our signal handler runs on an alternate stack.
  void* raw_context_;
};

struct OsInfo {
  void Dump(std::ostream& os) const {
    utsname info;
    uname(&info);
    // Linux 2.6.38.8-gg784 (x86_64)
    // Darwin 11.4.0 (x86_64)
    os << info.sysname << " " << info.release << " (" << info.machine << ")";
  }
};

static const char* GetSignalName(int signal_number) {
  switch (signal_number) {
    case SIGABRT: return "SIGABRT";
    case SIGBUS: return "SIGBUS";
    case SIGFPE: return "SIGFPE";
    case SIGILL: return "SIGILL";
    case SIGPIPE: return "SIGPIPE";
    case SIGSEGV: return "SIGSEGV";
#if defined(SIGSTKFLT)
    case SIGSTKFLT: return "SIGSTKFLT";
#endif
    case SIGTRAP: return "SIGTRAP";
  }
  return "??";
}

static const char* GetSignalCodeName(int signal_number, int signal_code) {
  // Try the signal-specific codes...
  switch (signal_number) {
    case SIGILL:
      switch (signal_code) {
        case ILL_ILLOPC: return "ILL_ILLOPC";
        case ILL_ILLOPN: return "ILL_ILLOPN";
        case ILL_ILLADR: return "ILL_ILLADR";
        case ILL_ILLTRP: return "ILL_ILLTRP";
        case ILL_PRVOPC: return "ILL_PRVOPC";
        case ILL_PRVREG: return "ILL_PRVREG";
        case ILL_COPROC: return "ILL_COPROC";
        case ILL_BADSTK: return "ILL_BADSTK";
      }
      break;
    case SIGBUS:
      switch (signal_code) {
        case BUS_ADRALN: return "BUS_ADRALN";
        case BUS_ADRERR: return "BUS_ADRERR";
        case BUS_OBJERR: return "BUS_OBJERR";
      }
      break;
    case SIGFPE:
      switch (signal_code) {
        case FPE_INTDIV: return "FPE_INTDIV";
        case FPE_INTOVF: return "FPE_INTOVF";
        case FPE_FLTDIV: return "FPE_FLTDIV";
        case FPE_FLTOVF: return "FPE_FLTOVF";
        case FPE_FLTUND: return "FPE_FLTUND";
        case FPE_FLTRES: return "FPE_FLTRES";
        case FPE_FLTINV: return "FPE_FLTINV";
        case FPE_FLTSUB: return "FPE_FLTSUB";
      }
      break;
    case SIGSEGV:
      switch (signal_code) {
        case SEGV_MAPERR: return "SEGV_MAPERR";
        case SEGV_ACCERR: return "SEGV_ACCERR";
#if defined(SEGV_BNDERR)
        case SEGV_BNDERR: return "SEGV_BNDERR";
#endif
      }
      break;
    case SIGTRAP:
      switch (signal_code) {
        case TRAP_BRKPT: return "TRAP_BRKPT";
        case TRAP_TRACE: return "TRAP_TRACE";
      }
      break;
  }
  // Then the other codes...
  switch (signal_code) {
    case SI_USER:     return "SI_USER";
#if defined(SI_KERNEL)
    case SI_KERNEL:   return "SI_KERNEL";
#endif
    case SI_QUEUE:    return "SI_QUEUE";
    case SI_TIMER:    return "SI_TIMER";
    case SI_MESGQ:    return "SI_MESGQ";
    case SI_ASYNCIO:  return "SI_ASYNCIO";
#if defined(SI_SIGIO)
    case SI_SIGIO:    return "SI_SIGIO";
#endif
#if defined(SI_TKILL)
    case SI_TKILL:    return "SI_TKILL";
#endif
  }
  // Then give up...
  return "?";
}

struct UContext {
  explicit UContext(void* raw_context) :
      context(reinterpret_cast<ucontext_t*>(raw_context)->uc_mcontext) {
  }

  void Dump(std::ostream& os) const {
    // TODO: support non-x86 hosts (not urgent because this code doesn't run on targets).
#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__i386__)
    DumpRegister32(os, "eax", context->__ss.__eax);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ebx", context->__ss.__ebx);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ecx", context->__ss.__ecx);
    DumpRegister32(os, "edx", context->__ss.__edx);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister32(os, "edi", context->__ss.__edi);
    DumpRegister32(os, "esi", context->__ss.__esi);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ebp", context->__ss.__ebp);
    DumpRegister32(os, "esp", context->__ss.__esp);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister32(os, "eip", context->__ss.__eip);
    os << "                   ";
    DumpRegister32(os, "eflags", context->__ss.__eflags);
    DumpX86Flags(os, context->__ss.__eflags);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister32(os, "cs",  context->__ss.__cs);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ds",  context->__ss.__ds);
    DumpRegister32(os, "es",  context->__ss.__es);
    DumpRegister32(os, "fs",  context->__ss.__fs);
    os << '\n';
    DumpRegister32(os, "gs",  context->__ss.__gs);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ss",  context->__ss.__ss);
#elif defined(__linux__) && defined(__i386__)
    DumpRegister32(os, "eax", context.gregs[REG_EAX]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ebx", context.gregs[REG_EBX]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ecx", context.gregs[REG_ECX]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "edx", context.gregs[REG_EDX]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister32(os, "edi", context.gregs[REG_EDI]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "esi", context.gregs[REG_ESI]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ebp", context.gregs[REG_EBP]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "esp", context.gregs[REG_ESP]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister32(os, "eip", context.gregs[REG_EIP]);
    os << "                   ";
    DumpRegister32(os, "eflags", context.gregs[REG_EFL]);
    DumpX86Flags(os, context.gregs[REG_EFL]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister32(os, "cs",  context.gregs[REG_CS]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ds",  context.gregs[REG_DS]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "es",  context.gregs[REG_ES]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "fs",  context.gregs[REG_FS]);
    os << '\n';
    DumpRegister32(os, "gs",  context.gregs[REG_GS]);
    DumpRegister32(os, "ss",  context.gregs[REG_SS]);
#elif defined(__linux__) && defined(__x86_64__)
    DumpRegister64(os, "rax", context.gregs[REG_RAX]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "rbx", context.gregs[REG_RBX]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "rcx", context.gregs[REG_RCX]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "rdx", context.gregs[REG_RDX]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister64(os, "rdi", context.gregs[REG_RDI]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "rsi", context.gregs[REG_RSI]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "rbp", context.gregs[REG_RBP]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "rsp", context.gregs[REG_RSP]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister64(os, "r8 ", context.gregs[REG_R8]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "r9 ", context.gregs[REG_R9]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "r10", context.gregs[REG_R10]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "r11", context.gregs[REG_R11]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister64(os, "r12", context.gregs[REG_R12]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "r13", context.gregs[REG_R13]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "r14", context.gregs[REG_R14]);
    DumpRegister64(os, "r15", context.gregs[REG_R15]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister64(os, "rip", context.gregs[REG_RIP]);
    os << "   ";
    DumpRegister32(os, "eflags", context.gregs[REG_EFL]);
    DumpX86Flags(os, context.gregs[REG_EFL]);
    os << '\n';

    DumpRegister32(os, "cs",  (context.gregs[REG_CSGSFS]) & 0x0FFFF);
    DumpRegister32(os, "gs",  (context.gregs[REG_CSGSFS] >> 16) & 0x0FFFF);
    DumpRegister32(os, "fs",  (context.gregs[REG_CSGSFS] >> 32) & 0x0FFFF);
    os << '\n';
#else
    os << "Unknown architecture/word size/OS in ucontext dump";
#endif
  }

  void DumpRegister32(std::ostream& os, const char* name, uint32_t value) const {
    os << StringPrintf(" %6s: 0x%08x", name, value);
  }

  void DumpRegister64(std::ostream& os, const char* name, uint64_t value) const {
    os << StringPrintf(" %6s: 0x%016" PRIx64, name, value);
  }

  void DumpX86Flags(std::ostream& os, uint32_t flags) const {
    os << " [";
    if ((flags & (1 << 0)) != 0) {
      os << " CF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 2)) != 0) {
      os << " PF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 4)) != 0) {
      os << " AF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 6)) != 0) {
      os << " ZF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 7)) != 0) {
      os << " SF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 8)) != 0) {
      os << " TF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 9)) != 0) {
      os << " IF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 10)) != 0) {
      os << " DF";
    }
    if ((flags & (1 << 11)) != 0) {
      os << " OF";
    }
    os << " ]";
  }

  mcontext_t& context;
};

// Return the signal number we recognize as timeout. -1 means not active/supported.
static int GetTimeoutSignal() {
#if defined(__APPLE__)
  // Mac does not support realtime signals.
  UNUSED(kUseSigRTTimeout);
  return -1;
#else
  return kUseSigRTTimeout ? (SIGRTMIN + 2) : -1;
#endif
}

static bool IsTimeoutSignal(int signal_number) {
  return signal_number == GetTimeoutSignal();
}

void HandleUnexpectedSignal(int signal_number, siginfo_t* info, void* raw_context) {
  static bool handlingUnexpectedSignal = false;
  if (handlingUnexpectedSignal) {
    LogHelper::LogLineLowStack(__FILE__,
                               __LINE__,
                               ::android::base::FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT,
                               "HandleUnexpectedSignal reentered\n");
    if (IsTimeoutSignal(signal_number)) {
      // Ignore a recursive timeout.
      return;
    }
    _exit(1);
  }
  handlingUnexpectedSignal = true;

  gAborting++;  // set before taking any locks
  MutexLock mu(Thread::Current(), *Locks::unexpected_signal_lock_);

  bool has_address = (signal_number == SIGILL || signal_number == SIGBUS ||
                      signal_number == SIGFPE || signal_number == SIGSEGV);

  OsInfo os_info;
  const char* cmd_line = GetCmdLine();
  if (cmd_line == nullptr) {
    cmd_line = "<unset>";  // Because no-one called InitLogging.
  }
  pid_t tid = GetTid();
  std::string thread_name(GetThreadName(tid));
  UContext thread_context(raw_context);
  Backtrace thread_backtrace(raw_context);

  // Note: We are using cerr directly instead of LOG macros to ensure even just partial output
  //       makes it out. That means we lose the "dalvikvm..." prefix, but that is acceptable
  //       considering this is an abort situation.

  std::cerr << "*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***\n"
            << StringPrintf("Fatal signal %d (%s), code %d (%s)",
                            signal_number, GetSignalName(signal_number),
                            info->si_code,
                            GetSignalCodeName(signal_number, info->si_code))
            << (has_address ? StringPrintf(" fault addr %p", info->si_addr) : "") << std::endl
            << "OS: " << Dumpable<OsInfo>(os_info) << std::endl
            << "Cmdline: " << cmd_line << std::endl
            << "Thread: " << tid << " \"" << thread_name << "\"" << std::endl
            << "Registers:\n" << Dumpable<UContext>(thread_context) << std::endl
            << "Backtrace:\n" << Dumpable<Backtrace>(thread_backtrace) << std::endl;
  if (kIsDebugBuild && signal_number == SIGSEGV) {
    PrintFileToLog("/proc/self/maps", LogSeverity::FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT);
  }
  Runtime* runtime = Runtime::Current();
  if (runtime != nullptr) {
    if (IsTimeoutSignal(signal_number)) {
      // Special timeout signal. Try to dump all threads.
      // Note: Do not use DumpForSigQuit, as that might disable native unwind, but the native parts
      //       are of value here.
      runtime->GetThreadList()->Dump(std::cerr, kDumpNativeStackOnTimeout);
      std::cerr << std::endl;
    }
    gc::Heap* heap = runtime->GetHeap();
    std::cerr << "Fault message: " << runtime->GetFaultMessage() << std::endl;
    if (kDumpHeapObjectOnSigsevg && heap != nullptr && info != nullptr) {
      std::cerr << "Dump heap object at fault address: " << std::endl;
      heap->DumpObject(std::cerr, reinterpret_cast<mirror::Object*>(info->si_addr));
      std::cerr << std::endl;
    }
  }
  if (getenv("debug_db_uid") != nullptr || getenv("art_wait_for_gdb_on_crash") != nullptr) {
    std::cerr << "********************************************************\n"
              << "* Process " << getpid() << " thread " << tid << " \"" << thread_name
              << "\""
              << " has been suspended while crashing.\n"
              << "* Attach gdb:\n"
              << "*     gdb -p " << tid << "\n"
              << "********************************************************"
              << std::endl;
    // Wait for debugger to attach.
    while (true) {
    }
  }
#ifdef __linux__
  // Remove our signal handler for this signal...
  struct sigaction action;
  memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
  sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
  action.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
  sigaction(signal_number, &action, nullptr);
  // ...and re-raise so we die with the appropriate status.
  kill(getpid(), signal_number);
#else
  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
#endif
}

void Runtime::InitPlatformSignalHandlers() {
  // On the host, we don't have debuggerd to dump a stack for us when something unexpected happens.
  struct sigaction action;
  memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
  sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
  action.sa_sigaction = HandleUnexpectedSignal;
  // Use the three-argument sa_sigaction handler.
  action.sa_flags |= SA_SIGINFO;
  // Use the alternate signal stack so we can catch stack overflows.
  action.sa_flags |= SA_ONSTACK;

  int rc = 0;
  rc += sigaction(SIGABRT, &action, nullptr);
  rc += sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, nullptr);
  rc += sigaction(SIGFPE, &action, nullptr);
  rc += sigaction(SIGILL, &action, nullptr);
  rc += sigaction(SIGPIPE, &action, nullptr);
  rc += sigaction(SIGSEGV, &action, nullptr);
#if defined(SIGSTKFLT)
  rc += sigaction(SIGSTKFLT, &action, nullptr);
#endif
  rc += sigaction(SIGTRAP, &action, nullptr);
  // Special dump-all timeout.
  if (GetTimeoutSignal() != -1) {
    rc += sigaction(GetTimeoutSignal(), &action, nullptr);
  }
  CHECK_EQ(rc, 0);
}

}  // namespace art