src/security/keystore/implementer-ref.jd

page.title=Implementer's Reference
@jd:body

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<p>This page provides details to assist implementers of <a href="index.html">Keymaster</a> HALs. It
covers each tag and each function in the HAL.</p>

<h2 id=authorization_tags>Authorization tags</h2>

<p>Except as noted in the tag descriptions, all of the tags below are used during
key generation to specify key characteristics.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_purpose>KM_TAG_PURPOSE</h3>

<p>Specifies the set of purposes for which the key may be used.</p>

<p>Possible values are defined by the following enumeration:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    KM_PURPOSE_ENCRYPT = 0,
    KM_PURPOSE_DECRYPT = 1,
    KM_PURPOSE_SIGN = 2,
    KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY = 3,
} keymaster_purpose_t;
</pre>

<p>This tag is repeatable; keys may be generated with multiple values, although an
operation has a single purpose. When the <a href="#begin">begin</a> function is called to
start an operation, the purpose of the operation is
specified. If the purpose specified to the operation is not authorized by the
key, the operation must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_PURPOSE</code>.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_algorithm>KM_TAG_ALGORITHM</h3>

<p>Specifies the cryptographic algorithm with which the key is used.</p>

<p>Possible values are defined by the following enumeration:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    KM_ALGORITHM_RSA = 1,
    KM_ALGORITHM_EC = 3,
    KM_ALGORITHM_AES = 32,
    KM_ALGORITHM_HMAC = 128,
} keymaster_algorithm_t;
</pre>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_key_size>KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</h3>

<p>Specifies the size, in bits, of the key, measuring in the normal way for the
key's algorithm. For example, for RSA keys, <code>KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</code> specifies
the size of the public modulus. For AES keys it specifies the length
of the secret key material.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_block_mode>KM_TAG_BLOCK_MODE</h3>

<p>Specifies the block cipher mode(s) with which the key may be used. This tag is
only relevant to AES keys.</p>

<p>Possible values are defined by the following enumeration:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    KM_MODE_ECB = 1,
    KM_MODE_CBC = 2,
    KM_MODE_CTR = 3,
    KM_MODE_GCM = 32,
} keymaster_block_mode_t;
</pre>

<p>This tag is repeatable, and for AES key operations a mode must be specified in
the <code>additional_params</code> argument of <a href="#begin">begin</a>. If the specified
mode is not in the modes associated with the key, the
operation must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_BLOCK_MODE</code>.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_digest>KM_TAG_DIGEST</h3>

<p>Specifies the digest algorithms which may be used with the key to perform
signing and verification operations. This tag is relevant to RSA, ECDSA and
HMAC keys.</p>

<p>Possible values are defined by the following enumeration:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    KM_DIGEST_NONE = 0,
    KM_DIGEST_MD5 = 1,
    KM_DIGEST_SHA1 = 2,
    KM_DIGEST_SHA_2_224 = 3,
    KM_DIGEST_SHA_2_256 = 4,
    KM_DIGEST_SHA_2_384 = 5,
    KM_DIGEST_SHA_2_512 = 6,
}
keymaster_digest_t;
</pre>

<p>This tag is repeatable. For signing and verification operations a digest must
be specified in the <code>additional_params</code> argument of <a href="#begin">begin</a>.
If the specified digest is not in the digests associated with the key, the
operation must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST</code>.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_padding>KM_TAG_PADDING</h3>

<p>Specifies the padding modes which may be used with the key. This tag is
relevant to RSA and AES keys.</p>

<p>Possible values are defined by the following enumeration:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    KM_PAD_NONE = 1,
    KM_PAD_RSA_OAEP = 2,
    KM_PAD_RSA_PSS = 3,
    KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT = 4,
    KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN = 5,
    KM_PAD_PKCS7 = 64,
} keymaster_padding_t;
</pre>

<p><code>KM_PAD_RSA_OAEP</code> and <code>KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT</code> are used
only for RSA encryption/decryption keys and specify RSA PKCS#1v2 OAEP
padding and RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 randomized padding, respectively. <code>KM_PAD_RSA_PSS</code> and
<code>KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN</code> are used only for RSA signing/verification keys and
specify RSA PKCS#1v2 PSS
padding and RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 deterministic padding, respectively. Note also that
the RSA PSS padding mode is incompatible with <a href="#km_tag_digest">KM_DIGEST_NONE</a>.</p>

<p><code>KM_PAD_NONE</code> may be used with either RSA or AES keys. For AES keys,
if <code>KM_PAD_NONE</code> is used with block mode ECB or CBC and the data to be encrypted
or decrypted
is not a multiple of the AES block size in length, the call to finish must fail
with <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH</code>.</p>

<p><code>KM_PAD_PKCS7</code> may only be used with AES keys, and only with ECB and CBC modes.</p>

<p>This tag is repeatable. A padding mode must be specified in the call to
<a href="#begin">begin</a>. If the specified mode is not authorized for the key,
the operation must fail
with <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_BLOCK_MODE</code>.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_caller_nonce>KM_TAG_CALLER_NONCE</h3>

<p>Specifies that the caller is allowed to provide a nonce for nonce-requiring
operations.</p>

<p>This tag is boolean, so the possible values are true (if the tag is present)
and false (if the tag is not present).</p>

<p>This tag is used only for AES keys, and is only relevant for CBC, CTR and GCM
block modes. If the tag is not present, implementations should reject any
operation which provides <a href="#km_tag_nonce">KM_TAG_NONCE</a> to <a href="#begin">begin</a>
with <code>KM_ERROR_CALLER_NONCE_PROHIBITED</code>.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_min_mac_length>KM_TAG_MIN_MAC_LENGTH</h3>

<p>Required for HMAC keys and AES keys that support GCM mode, this tag specifies
the minimum length of MAC that can be requested or verified with this key.</p>

<p>This value is the minimum MAC length, in bits. It must be a multiple of 8. For
HMAC keys, the value must be at least 64. For GCM keys it must be at least 96
and must not exceed 128.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_rsa_public_exponent>KM_TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT</h3>

<p>Specifies the value of the public exponent for an RSA key pair. This tag is
relevant only to RSA keys, and required for all RSA keys.</p>

<p>The value is a 64-bit unsigned integer that must satisfy the requirements of an
RSA public exponent. Because it is specified by the caller and therefore cannot
be chosen by the implementation, it must be a prime number. Trustlets are
required to support the value 2^16+1. It is recommended that other reasonable
values be supported, in particular the value 3. If no exponent is specified or
if the specified exponent is not supported, key generation must fail
with <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT</code>.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_blob_usage_requirements>KM_TAG_BLOB_USAGE_REQUIREMENTS</h3>

<p>Specifies the system environment conditions which must hold for the generated
key to be used.</p>

<p>Possible values are defined by the following enumeration:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    KM_BLOB_STANDALONE = 0,
    KM_BLOB_REQUIRES_FILE_SYSTEM = 1,
} keymaster_key_blob_usage_requirements_t;
</pre>

<p>This tag may be specified during key generation to require that the key be
usable in the specified condition, and must be returned with the key
characteristics (from <a href="#generate_key">generate_key</a> and
<a href="#get_key_characteristics">get_key_characteristics</a>). If
the caller specifies <code>KM_TAG_BLOB_USAGE_REQUIREMENTS</code> with
value <code>KM_BLOB_STANDALONE</code> the trustlet must return a key blob
which can be used without file system
support. This is critical for devices with encrypted disks, where the file
system may not be available until after a Keymaster key is used to decrypt the
disk.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_bootloader_only>KM_TAG_BOOTLOADER_ONLY</h3>

<p>Specifies that the key may only be used by the bootloader.</p>

<p>This tag is boolean, so the possible values are true (if the tag is present)
and false (if the tag is not present).</p>

<p>Any attempt to use a key with <code>KM_TAG_BOOTLOADER_ONLY</code> from the
Android system must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB</code>.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_active_datetime>KM_TAG_ACTIVE_DATETIME</h3>

<p>Specifies the date and time at which the key becomes active. Prior to this
time, any attempt to use the key must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_NOT_YET_VALID</code>.</p>

<p>The value is a 64-bit integer representing milliseconds since January 1, 1970.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_origination_expire_datetime>KM_TAG_ORIGINATION_EXPIRE_DATETIME</h3>

<p>Specifies the date and time at which the key expires for signing and encryption
purposes. After this time, any attempt to use a key
with <a href="#km_tag_purpose">KM_PURPOSE_SIGN</a> or
<a href="#km_tag_purpose">KM_PURPOSE_ENCRYPT</a> provided
to <a href="#begin">begin</a> must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_EXPIRED</code>.</p>

<p>The value is a 64-bit integer representing milliseconds since January 1, 1970.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_usage_expire_datetime>KM_TAG_USAGE_EXPIRE_DATETIME</h3>

<p>Specifies the date and time at which the key expires for verification and
decryption purposes. After this time, any attempt to use a key with
<a href="#km_tag_purpose">KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY</a> or <a href="#km_tag_purpose">KM_PURPOSE DECRYPT</a>
provided to <a href="#begin">begin</a> must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_EXPIRED</code>.</p>

<p>The value is a 64-bit integer representing milliseconds since January 1, 1970.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_min_seconds_between_ops>KM_TAG_MIN_SECONDS_BETWEEN_OPS</h3>

<p>Specifies the minimum amount of time that must elapse between allowed
operations using a key. This can be used to rate-limit uses of keys in contexts
where unlimited use may enable brute force attacks.</p>

<p>The value is a 32-bit integer representing seconds between allowed operations.</p>

<p>When a key with this tag is used in an operation, a timer should be started
during the <a href="#finish">finish</a> or <a href="#abort">abort</a> call. Any
call to <a href="#begin">begin</a> that is received before the timer indicates
that the interval specified by <code>KM_TAG_MIN_SECONDS_BETWEEN_OPS</code> has
elapsed must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED</code>. This
requirement implies that a trustlet must keep a table of timers for keys
with this tag. Because Keymaster memory is often limited, it is acceptable for
this table to have a fixed maximum size and for Keymaster to fail operations
which attempt to use keys with this tag when the table is full. At least 32
in-use keys must be accommodated, and table slots must be aggressively reused
when key minimum-usage intervals expire. If an operation fails because the
table is full, Keymaster should return <code>KM_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS</code>.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_max_uses_per_boot>KM_TAG_MAX_USES_PER_BOOT</h3>

<p>Specifies the maximum number of times that a key may be used between system
reboots. This is another mechanism to rate-limit key use.</p>

<p>The value is a 32-bit integer representing uses per boot.</p>

<p>When a key with this tag is used in an operation, a key-associated counter
should be incremented during the <a href="#begin">begin</a> call. After the key counter
has exceeded this value, all subsequent attempts
to use the key must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_MAX_OPS_EXCEEDED</code>, until the device is
restarted. This requirement implies that a trustlet must
keep a table of use counters for keys with this tag. Because Keymaster memory
is often limited, it is acceptable for this table to have a fixed maximum size
and for Keymaster to fail operations that attempt to use keys with this tag
when the table is full. At least 16 keys must be accommodated. If an operation
fails because the table is full, Keymaster should return <code>KM_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS</code>.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_user_secure_id>KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</h3>

<p>Specifies that a key may only be used under a particular secure user
authentication state. This tag is mutually exclusive
with <a href="#km_tag_no_auth_required">KM_TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED</a>.</p>

<p>The value is a 64-bit integer specifying the authentication policy state value
which must be present in an authentication token (provided to <a href="#begin">begin</a> with
the <a href="#km_tag_auth_token">KM_TAG_AUTH_TOKEN</a>) to authorize use of the key. Any
call to <a href="#begin">begin</a> with a key with this tag that does not provide an
authentication token, or provides an
authentication token without a matching policy state value, must fail.</p>

<p>This tag is repeatable. If any of the provided values matches any policy state
value in the authentication token, the key is authorized for use. Otherwise the operation
must fail with <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_USER_NOT_AUTHENTICATED</code>.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_no_auth_required>KM_TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED</h3>

<p>Specifies that no authentication is required to use this key. This tag is
mutually exclusive with <a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</a>.</p>

<p>This tag is boolean, so the possible values are true (if the tag is present)
and false (if the tag is not present).</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_user_auth_type>KM_TAG_USER_AUTH_TYPE</h3>

<p>Specifies the types of user authenticators that may be used to authorize this
key.  When Keymaster is requested to perform an operation with a key with this
tag, it must receive an authentication token, and the token's
<code>authenticator_type</code> field must match the value in the tag.  To be
precise, it must be true that <code>(ntoh(token.authenticator_type) &
auth_type_tag_value) != 0, where <code>ntoh</code> is a function that converts
network-ordered integers to host-ordered integers and
<code>auth_type_tag_value</code> is the value of this tag.</p>

<p>The value is a 32-bit integer bitmask of values from the enumeration:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    HW_AUTH_NONE = 0,
    HW_AUTH_PASSWORD = 1 &lt;&lt; 0,
    HW_AUTH_FINGERPRINT = 1 &lt;&lt; 1,
    // Additional entries should be powers of 2.
    HW_AUTH_ANY = UINT32_MAX,
} hw_authenticator_type_t;
</pre>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_auth_timeout>KM_TAG_AUTH_TIMEOUT</h3>

<p>Specifies the time in seconds for which the key is authorized for use, after
authentication. If <a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</a> is present and this tag
is not, then the key requires authentication for every
usage (see <a href="#begin">begin</a> for the details of the authentication-per-operation flow).</p>

<p>The value is a 32-bit integer specifying the time in seconds after a successful
authentication of the user specified by <a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</a> with
the authentication method specified
by <a href="#km_tag_mac_length">KM_TAG_USER_AUTH_TYPE</a> that the key can be used.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_all_applications>KM_TAG_ALL_APPLICATIONS</h3>

<p>Reserved for future use.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_application_id>KM_TAG_APPLICATION_ID</h3>

<p>When provided to <a href="#generate_key">generate_key</a> or <a href="#import_key">import_key</a>,
this tag specifies data that must be provided during all uses of the key. In
particular, calls to <a href="#export_key">export_key</a> and
<a href="#get_key_characteristics">get_key_characteristics</a> must
provide the same value in the <code>client_id</code> parameter, and
calls to  <a href="#begin">begin</a> must provide this tag and the
same associated data as part of the <code>in_params</code> set. If the correct
data is not provided the function must return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB</code>.</p>

<p>The content of this tag must be bound to the key <i>cryptographically</i>,
meaning it must not be possible for an adversary who has access to all of the
secure world secrets but does not have access to the tag content to decrypt the
key (without brute-forcing the tag content).</p>

<p>The value is a blob, an arbitrary-length array of bytes.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_application_data>KM_TAG_APPLICATION_DATA</h3>

<p>When provided to <a href="#generate_key">generate_key</a> or <a href="#import_key">import_key</a>,
this tag specifies data that must be provided during all uses of the key. In
particular, calls to <a href="#export_key">export_key</a> and
<a href="#get_key_characteristics">get_key_characteristics</a> must
provide the same value to the <code>client_id</code> parameter, and calls
to <a href="#begin">begin</a> must provide this tag and the same associated
data as part of the <code>in_params</code> set. If the correct data is not
provided, the function must return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB</code>.</p>

<p>The content of this tag must be bound to the key <i>cryptographically</i>,
meaning it must not be possible for an adversary who has access to all of the
secure world secrets but does not have access to the tag content to decrypt the
key (without brute-forcing the tag content, which applications can prevent by
specifying sufficiently high-entropy content).</p>

<p>The value is a blob, an arbitrary-length array of bytes.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_creation_datetime>KM_TAG_CREATION_DATETIME</h3>

<p>Specifies the date and time the key was created, in milliseconds since January
1, 1970. This tag is optional and informational only.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_origin>KM_TAG_ORIGIN</h3>

<p>Specifies where the key was created, if known. This tag may not be specified
during key generation or import, and must be added to the key characteristics
by the trustlet.</p>

<p>The possible values are defined in <code>keymaster_origin_t</code>:</p>

<pre>
typedef enum {
    KM_ORIGIN_GENERATED = 0,
    KM_ORIGIN_IMPORTED = 2,
    KM_ORIGIN_UNKNOWN = 3,
} keymaster_key_origin_t
</pre>

<p>The full meaning of the value depends not only on the value but on whether it's
found in the hardware-enforced or software-enforced characteristics list.</p>

<p><code>KM_ORIGIN_GENERATED</code> indicates that Keymaster generated the key.
If in the hardware-enforced list,
the key was generated in secure hardware and is permanently hardware-bound. If
in the software-enforced list, the key was generated in SoftKeymaster and is
not hardware-bound.</p>

<p><code>KM_ORIGIN_IMPORTED</code> indicates that the key was generated outside
of Keymaster and imported into
Keymaster. If in the hardware-enforced list, it is permanently hardware-bound,
although copies outside of secure hardware may exist. If in the
software-enforces list, the key was imported into SoftKeymaster and is not
hardware-bound.</p>

<p><code>KM_ORIGIN_UNKNOWN</code> should only appear in the hardware-enforced list.
It indicates that the key is
hardware-bound, but it is not known whether the key was originally generated in
secure hardware or was imported. This only occurs when keymaster0 hardware is
being used to emulate keymaster1 services.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_rollback_resistant>KM_TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANT</h3>

<p>Indicates that the key is rollback-resistant, meaning that when deleted
by <a href="#delete_key">delete_key</a> or <a href="#delete_all_keys">delete_all_keys</a>,
the key is guaranteed to be permanently deleted and unusable. It's possible
that keys without this tag could be deleted and then restored from backup.</p>

<p>This tag is boolean, so the possible values are true (if the tag is present)
and false (if the tag is not present).</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_root_of_trust>KM_TAG_ROOT_OF_TRUST</h3>

<p>Specifies the "root of trust," the key used by verified boot to validate the
operating system booted (if any). This tag is never provided to or returned
from Keymaster in the key characteristics.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_associated_data>KM_TAG_ASSOCIATED_DATA</h3>

<p>Provides "associated data" for AES-GCM encryption or decryption. This tag is
provided to <a href="#update">update</a> and specifies data that is not
encrypted/decrypted but is used in computing
the GCM tag.</p>

<p>The value is a blob, an arbitrary-length array of bytes.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_nonce>KM_TAG_NONCE</h3>

<p>Provides or returns a nonce or Initialization Vector (IV) for AES GCM, CBC or
CTR encryption or decryption. This tag is provided to <a href="#begin">begin</a>
during encryption and decryption operations. It may only be provided to <a href="#begin">begin</a>
if the key has <a href="#km_tag_caller_nonce">KM_TAG_CALLER_NONCE</a>. If not provided,
an appropriate nonce or IV will be randomly generated by
Keymaster and returned from begin.</p>

<p>The value is a blob, an arbitrary-length array of bytes. Allowed lengths depend
on the mode: GCM nonces are 12 bytes in length; CBC and CTR IVs are 16 bytes in
length.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_auth_token>KM_TAG_AUTH_TOKEN</h3>

<p>Provides an authentication token (see the Authentication page) to
<a href="#begin">begin</a>, <a href="#update">update</a> or <a href="#finish">finish</a>,
to prove user authentication for a key operation that requires
it (key has <a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</a>).</p>

<p>The value is a blob which contains a <code>hw_auth_token_t</code> structure.</p>

<p>This tag is not repeatable.</p>

<h3 id=km_tag_mac_length>KM_TAG_MAC_LENGTH</h3>

<p>Provides the requested length of a MAC or GCM authentication tag, in bits.</p>

<p>The value is the MAC length in bits. It must be a multiple of 8 and must be at
least as large as the value of <a href="#km_tag_min_mac_length">KM_TAG_MIN_MAC_LENGTH</a>
associated with the key.</p>

<h2 id=functions>Functions</h2>

<h3 id=deprecated_functions>Deprecated functions</h3>

<p>The following functions are in the <code>keymaster1_device_t</code> definition but
should not be implemented. The function pointers should be set
to <code>NULL</code>:</p>

<ul>
  <li><code>generate_keypair</code>
  <li><code>import_keypair</code>
  <li><code>get_keypair_public</code>
  <li><code>delete_keypair</code>
  <li><code>delete_all</code>
  <li><code>sign_data</code>
  <li><code>verify_data</code>
</ul>

<h3 id=general_implementation_guidelines>General implementation guidelines</h3>

<p>The following guidelines apply to all functions in the API.</p>

<h4 id=input_pointer_parameters>Input pointer parameters</h4>

<p>Input pointer parameters that are not used for a given call may be <code>NULL</code>.
The caller is not required to provide placeholders. For example, some key
types and modes may not use any values from the <code>in_params</code> argument
to <a href="#begin">begin</a>, so the caller may set <code>in_params</code>
to <code>NULL</code> or provide an empty parameter set. It is also acceptable for the caller to
provide unused parameters, and Keymaster methods should not issue errors.</p>

<p>If a required input parameter is NULL, Keymaster methods should return
<code>KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER</code>.</p>

<h4 id=output_pointer_parameters>Output pointer parameters</h4>

<p>Similar to input pointer parameters, unused output pointer parameters
may be <code>NULL</code>. If a method needs to return data in an output
parameter found to be <code>NULL</code>, it should return <code>KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL</code>.</p>

<h4 id=api_misuse>API misuse</h4>

<p>There are many ways that callers can make requests that don't make sense or are
foolish but not technically wrong. Keymaster1 implementations are not required
to fail in such cases or issue a diagnostic. Use of too-small keys,
specification of irrelevant input parameters, reuse of IVs or nonces,
generation of keys with no purposes (hence useless) and the like should not be
diagnosed by implementations. Omission of required parameters, specification of
invalid required parameters, and similar errors must be diagnosed.</p>

<p>It is the responsibility of apps, the framework, and Android keystore to ensure
that the calls to Keymaster modules are sensible and useful.</p>

<h3 id=get_supported_algorithms>get_supported_algorithms</h3>

<p>Returns the list of algorithms supported by the Keymaster hardware
implementation. A software implementation must return an empty list; a hybrid
implementation must return a list containing only the algorithms that are
supported by hardware.</p>

<p>Keymaster1 implementations must support RSA, EC, AES and HMAC.</p>

<h3 id=get_supported_block_modes>get_supported_block_modes</h3>

<p>Returns the list of AES block modes supported by the Keymaster hardware
implementation for a specified algorithm and purpose.</p>

<p>For RSA, EC and HMAC, which are not block ciphers, the method must return an
empty list for all valid purposes. Invalid purposes should cause the method to
return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_PURPOSE</code>.</p>

<p>Keymaster1 implementations must support ECB, CBC, CTR and GCM for AES
encryption and decryption.</p>

<h3 id=get_supported_padding_modes>get_supported_padding_modes</h3>

<p>Returns the list of padding modes supported by the Keymaster hardware
implementation for a specified algorithm and purpose.</p>

<p>HMAC and EC have no notion of padding so the method must return an empty list
for all valid purposes. Invalid purposes should cause the method to return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_PURPOSE</code>.</p>

<p>For RSA, keymaster1 implementations must support:</p>

<ul>
  <li>Unpadded encryption, decryption, signing and verification. For unpadded
encryption and signing, if the message is shorter than the public modulus,
implementations must left-pad it with zeros. For unpadded decryption and
verification, the input length must match the public modulus size.
  <li>PKCS#1 v1.5 encryption and signing padding modes
  <li>PSS with a minimum salt length of 20
  <li>OAEP
</ul>

<p>For AES in ECB and CBC modes, keymaster1 implementations must support no
padding and PKCS#7-padding. CTR and GCM modes must support only no padding.</p>

<h3 id=get_supported_digests>get_supported_digests</h3>

<p>Returns the list of digest modes supported by the Keymaster hardware
implementation for a specified algorithm and purpose.</p>

<p>No AES modes support or require digesting, so the method must return an empty
list for valid purposes.</p>

<p>Keymaster1 implementations are allowed to implement a subset of the defined
digests, but must provide SHA-256. It is strongly recommended that keymaster1
implementations provide MD5, SHA1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA384 and SHA512 (the
full set of defined digests).</p>

<h3 id=get_supported_import_formats>get_supported_import_formats</h3>

<p>Returns the list of import formats supported by the Keymaster hardware
implementation of a specified algorithm.</p>

<p>Keymaster1 implementations must support the PKCS#8 format (without password
protection) for importing RSA and EC key pairs, and must support RAW import of
AES and HMAC key material.</p>

<h3 id=get_supported_export_formats>get_supported_export_formats</h3>

<p>Returns the list of export formats supported by the Keymaster hardware
implementation of a specified algorithm.</p>

<p>Keymaster1 implementations must support the X.509 format for exporting RSA and
EC public keys. Export of private keys or asymmetric keys must not be
supported.</p>

<h3 id=add_rng_entropy>add_rng_entropy</h3>

<p>Adds caller-provided entropy to the pool used by the Keymaster1 implementation
for generating random numbers, for keys, IVs, etc.</p>

<p>Keymaster1 implementations must <strong>securely</strong> mix the provided
entropy into their pool, which must also contain
internally-generated entropy from a hardware random number generator. Mixing
must have the property that an attacker with complete control of either
the <code>add_rng_entropy</code>-provided bits or the hardware-generated bits, but not both, cannot predict
bits generated from the entropy pool with probability greater than ½.</p>

<p>Keymaster1 implementations that attempt to estimate the entropy in their
internal pool must assume that data provided by <code>add_rng_entropy</code> contains no entropy.</p>

<h3 id=generate_key>generate_key</h3>

<p>Generates a new cryptographic key, specifying associated authorizations, which
will be permanently bound to the key. Keymaster1 implementations must make it
impossible to use a key in any way inconsistent with the authorizations
specified at generation time. With respect to authorizations that the secure
hardware cannot enforce, the secure hardware's obligation is limited to
ensuring that the unenforceable authorizations associated with the key cannot
be modified, so that every call to <a href="#get_key_characteristics">get_key_characteristics</a>
will return the original value. In addition, the characteristics returned by <code>generate_key</code>
must allocate authorizations correctly between the hardware-enforced and
software-enforced lists.  See <a href="#get_key_characteristics">get_key_characteristics</a>
for more details.</p>

<p>The parameters that must be provided to <code>generate_key</code> depend on the type of key
being generated. This section will summarize the
required and allowed tags for each type of key. <a href="#km_tag_algorithm">KM_TAG_ALGORITHM</a>
is always required, to specify the type.</p>

<h4 id=rsa_keys>RSA keys</h4>

<p>The following parameters are required when generating an RSA key.</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#km_tag_key_size">KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</a> specifies the size of the public
  modulus, in bits. If omitted, the method must
return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_SIZE</code>. Values that must be supported are
1024, 2048, 3072 and 4096. It is
recommended to support all key sizes that are a multiple of 8.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_rsa_public_exponent">KM_TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT</a> specifies
  the RSA public exponent value. If omitted, the method must
  return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT</code>.
  Implementations must support the values 3 and 65537. It is recommended to
support all prime values up to 2^64.
</ul>

<p>The following parameters are not required to generate an RSA key, but creating
an RSA key without them will produce a key that is unusable.
The <code>generate_key</code> function should not return an error if these parameters are omitted.</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#km_tag_purpose">KM_TAG_PURPOSE</a> specifies allowed purposes.
  All purposes must be supported for RSA keys, in
any combination.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_digest">KM_TAG_DIGEST</a> specifies digest algorithms that
  may be used with the new key. Implementations
that do not support all digest algorithms must accept key generation requests
that include unsupported digests. The unsupported digests should be placed in
the "software-enforced" list in the returned key characteristics. This is
because the key will be usable with those other digests, but digesting will be
performed in software. Then hardware will be called to perform the operation
with <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code>.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_padding">KM_TAG_PADDING</a> specifies the padding modes
  that may be used with the new key. Implementations
that do not support all digest algorithms must place <code>KM_PAD_RSA_PSS</code>
and <code>KM_PAD_RSA_OAEP</code> in the software-enforced list of the key
characteristics if any unsupported
digest algorithms are specified.
</ul>

<h4 id=ecdsa_keys>ECDSA keys</h4>

<p>Only <a href="#km_tag_key_size">KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</a> is required to generate an
ECDSA key. It is used to select the EC group.
Implementations must support values 224, 256, 384 and 521, which indicate the
NIST p-224, p-256, p-384 and p521 curves, respectively.</p>

<p><a href="#km_tag_digest">KM_TAG_DIGEST</a> is also needed for a useful ECDSA key,
but is not required for generation.</p>

<h4 id=aes_keys>AES keys</h4>

<p>Only <a href="#km_tag_key_size">KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</a> is required when
generating an AES key. If omitted, the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_SIZE</code>.
Values that must be supported are 128 and 256. It is recommended to support
192-bit AES keys.</p>

<p>The following parameters are particularly relevant for AES keys, but not
required to generate one:</p>

<ul>
  <li><code>KM_TAG_BLOCK_MODE</code> specifies the block modes with which the new key may be used.
  <li><code>KM_TAG_PADDING</code> specifies the padding modes that may be used. This is only relevant for ECB
and CBC modes.
</ul>

<p>If the GCM block mode is specified, then <a href="#km_tag_min_mac_length">KM_TAG_MIN_MAC_LENGTH</a>
must be provided. If omitted, the method must return
<code>KM_ERROR_MISSING_MIN_MAC_LENGTH</code>. The value of the tag must be a multiple of 8 and must
be at least 96 and no more than 128.</p>

<h4 id=hmac_keys>HMAC keys</h4>

<p>The following parameters are required for HMAC key generation:</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#km_tag_key_size">KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</a> specifies the key size in bits. Values
  smaller than 64 and values that are not
multiples of 8 must not be supported. All multiples of 8, from 64 to 512, must
be supported. Larger values may be supported.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_min_mac_length">KM_TAG_MIN_MAC_LENGTH</a> specifies the minimum length of
  MACs that can be generated or verified with
this key. The value must be a multiple of 8 and must be at least 64.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_digest">KM_TAG_DIGEST</a> specifies the digest algorithm for the key. Exactly
  one digest must be
specified, otherwise return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DIGEST</code>. If the digest is not supported
by the trustlet, return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DIGEST</code>.
</ul>

<h4 id=key_characteristics>Key characteristics</h4>

<p>If the characteristics argument is non-NULL, <code>generate_key</code> must return the newly-generated
key's characteristics divided appropriately
into hardware-enforced and software-enforced lists. See <a href="#get_key_characteristics">get_key_characteristics</a>
for a description of which characteristics go in which list. The returned
characteristics must include all of the parameters specified to key generation,
except <a href="#km_tag_application_id">KM_TAG_APPLICATION_ID</a> and
<a href="#km_tag_application_data">KM_TAG_APPLICATION_DATA</a>.
If these tags were included in the key parameters, they must be removed from
the returned characteristics; it must not be possible to find their values by
examining the returned key blob. However, they must be cryptographically bound
to the key blob, so that if the correct values are not provided when the key is
used, usage will fail. Similarly, <a href="#km_tag_root_of_trust">KM_TAG_ROOT_OF_TRUST</a> must
be cryptographically bound to the key, but it may not be specified during
key creation or import and must never be returned.</p>

<p>In addition to the provided tags, the trustlet must also
add <a href="#km_tag_origin">KM_TAG_ORIGIN</a>, with the value <code>KM_ORIGIN_GENERATED</code>,
and if the key is rollback resistant, <a href="#km_tag_rollback_resistant">KM_TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANT</a>.</p>

<h4 id=rollback_resistance>Rollback resistance </h4>

<p>Rollback resistance means that once a key is deleted with
<a href="#delete_key">delete_key</a> or <a href="#delete_all_keys">delete_all_keys</a>,
it is guaranteed by secure hardware never to be usable again. Implementations
without rollback resistance will typically return generated or imported key
material to the caller as a key blob, an encrypted and authenticated form. When
keystore deletes the key blob, the key is gone, but an attacker who has
previously managed to retrieve the key material can potentially restore it to
the device.</p>

<p>A key is rollback resistant if the secure hardware guarantees that deleted keys
cannot be restored later. This is generally done by storing additional key
metadata in a trusted location that cannot be manipulated by an attacker. On
mobile devices, the mechanism used for this is usually Replay Protected Memory
Blocks (RPMB). Because the number of keys that may be created is essentially
unbounded and the trusted storage used for rollback resistance may be limited
in size, it is required that this method succeed even if rollback resistance
cannot be provided for the new key. In that case,
<a href="#km_tag_rollback_resistant">KM_TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANT</a> should not be
added to the key characteristics.</p>

<h3 id=get_key_characteristics>get_key_characteristics</h3>

<p>Returns parameters and authorizations associated with the provided key, divided
into two sets: hardware-enforced and software-enforced. The description here
applies equally to the key characteristics lists returned
by <a href="#generate_key">generate_key</a> and <a href="#import_key">import_key</a>.</p>

<p>If <code>KM_TAG_APPLICATION_ID</code> was provided during key generation
or import, the same value must provided to
this method in the <code>client_id</code> argument. Otherwise, the
method must return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB</code>. Similarly,
if <code>KM_TAG_APPLICATION_DATA </code>was provided during generation
or import, the same value must be provided to
this method in the <code>app_data</code> argument.</p>

<p>The characteristics returned by this method completely describe the type and
usage of the specified key.</p>

<p>The general rule for deciding whether a given tag belongs in the
hardware-enforced or software-enforced list is that if the meaning of the tag
is fully assured by secure hardware, it is hardware-enforced. Otherwise, it's
software enforced. Below is a list of specific tags whose correct allocation
may be unclear:</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#km_tag_algorithm">KM_TAG_ALGORITHM</a>, <a href="#km_tag_key_size">KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</a>,
  and <a href="#km_tag_rsa_public_exponent">KM_TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT</a> are
  intrinsic properties of the key. For any key that is secured by hardware,
these will be in the hardware-enforced list, because the statement that, for
example, "This RSA key material is only used as an RSA key" is enforced by
hardware because the hardware will use it in no other way and software has no
access to the key material and cannot use it at all.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_digest">KM_TAG_DIGEST</a> values that are supported by the
  secure hardware are to be placed in the
hardware-supported list. Unsupported digests go in the software-supported list.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_padding">KM_TAG_PADDING</a> values generally go in the
  hardware-supported list, but if there is a
possibility that a specific padding mode may have to be performed by software,
they go in the software-enforced list. Such a possibility arises for RSA keys
that permit PSS or OAEP padding with digest algorithms that are not supported
by the secure hardware.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</a> and
  <a href="#km_tag_mac_length">KM_TAG_USER_AUTH_TYPE</a> are hardware-enforced
  only if user authentication is hardware enforced. For
that to be true, the Keymaster trustlet and the relevant authentication
trustlet must both be secure and must share a secret HMAC key used to sign and
validate authentication tokens. See the Authentication page for details.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_active_datetime">KM_TAG_ACTIVE_DATETIME</a>,
  <a href="#km_tag_origination_expire_datetime">KM_TAG_ORIGINATION_EXPIRE_DATETIME</a>,
  and <a href="#km_tag_usage_expire_datetime">KM_TAG_USAGE_EXPIRE_DATETIME</a> tags
  require access to a verifiably correct wall clock. Most secure hardware
will only have access to time information provided by the non-secure OS, which
means the tags are software-enforced.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_origin">KM_TAG_ORIGIN</a> is always in the hardware list for
  hardware-bound keys. Its presence in that
list is the way higher layers determine that a key is hardware-backed.
</ul>

<h3 id=import_key>import_key</h3>

<p>Imports key material into Keymaster hardware. Key definition parameters and
output characteristics are handled the same as for <code>generate_key</code>,
with the following exceptions:</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#km_tag_key_size">KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE</a> and
  <a href="#km_tag_rsa_public_exponent">KM_TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT</a> (for RSA keys only)
  are not required in the input parameters. If not provided,
the trustlet must deduce the values from the provided key material and add
appropriate tags and values to the key characteristics. If the parameters are
provided, the trustlet must validate them against the key material. In the
event of a mismatch, the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_IMPORT_PARAMETER_MISMATCH</code>.
  <li>The returned <a href="#km_tag_origin">KM_TAG_ORIGIN</a> must have the
  value <code>KM_ORIGIN_IMPORTED</code>.
</ul>

<h3 id=export_key>export_key</h3>

<p>Exports a public key from a Keymaster RSA or EC key pair.</p>

<p>If <code>KM_TAG_APPLICATION_ID</code> was provided during key generation or import,
the same value must provided to
this method in the <code>client_id</code> argument. Otherwise, the method must return
<code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB</code>. Similarly, if <code>KM_TAG_APPLICATION_DATA</code>
was provided during generation or import, the same value must be provided to
this method in the <code>app_data</code> argument.</p>

<h3 id=delete_key>delete_key</h3>

<p>Deletes the provided key. This method is optional, and will likely be
implemented only by Keymaster modules that provide rollback resistance.</p>

<h3 id=delete_all_keys>delete_all_keys</h3>

<p>Deletes all keys. This method is optional, and will likely be implemented only
by Keymaster modules that provide rollback resistance.</p>

<h3 id=begin>begin</h3>

<p>Begins a cryptographic operation, using the specified key, for the specified
purpose, with the specified parameters (as appropriate), and returns an
operation handle which is used with <a href="#update">update</a> and <a
href="#finish">finish</a> to complete the operation. The operation handle is
also used as the "challenge" token in authenticated operations, and for such
operations must be included in the <code>challenge</code> field of the
authentication token.</p>

<p>A Keymaster implementation must support at least 16 concurrent
operations. Keystore will use up to 15, leaving one for vold to use for password
encryption. When Keystore has 15 operations in progress (<code>begin</code> has
been called, but <code>finish</code> or <code>abort</code> have not yet been
called) and it receives a request to begin a 16th, it will call
<code>abort</code> on the least-recently used operation to reduce the number of
active operations to 14 before calling <code>begin</code> to start the
newly-requested operation.

<p>If <a href="#km_tag_application_id">KM_TAG_APPLICATION_ID</a> or <a
href="#km_tag_application_data">KM_TAG_APPLICATION_DATA</a> were specified
during key generation or import, calls to <code>begin</code> must include those
tags with the originally-specified values in the <code>in_params</code> argument
to this method.</p>

<h4 id=authorization_enforcement>Authorization enforcement</h4>

<p>During this method, the following key authorizations must be enforced by the
trustlet if the implementation placed them in the "hardware-enforced"
characteristics and if the operation is not a public key operation. Public key
operations, meaning <code>KM_PURPOSE_ENCRYPT</code> and <code>KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY</code>,
with RSA or EC keys, must be allowed to succeed even if authorization
requirements are not met.</p>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#km_tag_purpose">KM_TAG_PURPOSE</a> requires that the purpose specified
  for this method match one of the purposes
in the key authorizations, unless the requested operation is a public key
operation, meaning that the key is RSA or EC and the purpose is <code>KM_PURPOSE_ENCRYPT</code>
or <code>KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY</code>. Note that <code>KM_PURPOSE_ENCRYPT</code> is not valid for EC keys.
Begin should return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PURPOSE</code> in that case.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_active_datetime">KM_TAG_ACTIVE_DATETIME</a> requires comparison with a trusted
  UTC time source. If the current date and
time is prior to the tag value, the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_NOT_YET_VALID</code>.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_origination_expire_datetime">KM_TAG_ORIGINATION_EXPIRE_DATETIME</a> requires
  comparison with a trusted UTC time source. If the current date and
time is later than the tag value and the purpose is <code>KM_PURPOSE_ENCRYPT</code> or <code>KM_PURPOSE_SIGN</code>,
the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_EXPIRED</code>.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_usage_expire_datetime">KM_TAG_USAGE_EXPIRE_DATETIME</a> requires comparison with a
  trusted UTC time source. If the current date and
time is later than the tag value and the purpose is <code>KM_PURPOSE_DECRYPT</code> or <code>KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY</code>,
the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_EXPIRED</code>.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_min_seconds_between_ops">KM_TAG_MIN_SECONDS_BETWEEN_OPS</a> requires comparison with a
  trusted relative timer indicating the last use of
the key. If the last use time plus the tag value is less than the current time,
the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED</code>. See the tag description for
important implementation requirements.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_max_uses_per_boot">KM_TAG_MAX_USES_PER_BOOT</a> requires comparison against a
  secure counter that tracks the uses of the key
since boot time. If the count of previous uses exceeds the tag value, the
method must return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_MAX_OPS_EXCEEDED</code>.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</a> is enforced by this method only
  if the key also has <a href="#km_tag_auth_timeout">KM_TAG_AUTH_TIMEOUT</a>. If the key has both,
  then this method must have received a <a href="#km_tag_auth_token">KM_TAG_AUTH_TOKEN</a> in
  <code>in_params</code> and that token must be valid, meaning that the HMAC field validates correctly.
In addition, at least one of the <a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_ID</a>
values from the key must match at least one of the secure ID values in the
token. Finally, the key must also have a <a href="#km_tag_mac_length">KM_TAG_USER_AUTH_TYPE</a> and
it must match the auth type in the token. If any of these requirements is
not met, the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_USER_NOT_AUTHENTICATED</code>.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_caller_nonce">KM_TAG_CALLER_NONCE</a> allows the caller to specify a nonce
  or initialization vector (IV). If the key
does not have this tag but the caller provided <a href="#km_tag_nonce">KM_TAG_NONCE</a> to this method,
<code>KM_ERROR_CALLER_NONCE_PROHIBITED</code> must be returned.
  <li><a href="#km_tag_bootloader_only">KM_TAG_BOOTLOADER_ONLY</a> specifies that the key may only be
  used by the bootloader. If this method is
called with a bootloader-only key after the bootloader has finished executing,
it must return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB</code>.
</ul>

<h4 id=rsa_keys>RSA keys</h4>

<p>All RSA key operations must specify exactly one padding mode in <code>in_params</code>. If
unspecified or specified more than once, the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE</code>.</p>

<p>RSA signing and verification operations require a digest, as do RSA encryption
and decryption operations with OAEP padding mode. For those cases, the caller
must specify exactly one digest in <code>in_params</code>. If unspecified or specified more than once,
the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DIGEST</code>.</p>

<p>Private key operations (<code>KM_PURPOSE_DECYPT</code> and <code>KM_PURPOSE_SIGN</code>) require
authorization of digest and padding, which means that the specified
values must be in the key authorizations. If not, the method must return <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST</code>
or <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_PADDING</code>, as appropriate. Public key operations
(<code>KM_PURPOSE_ENCRYPT</code> and <code>KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY</code>) are permitted with
unauthorized digest or padding.</p>

<p>With the exception of <code>KM_PAD_NONE</code>, all RSA padding modes are applicable only to
certain purposes. Specifically, <code>KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN</code> and <code>KM_PAD_RSA_PSS</code>
only support signing and verification, while <code>KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_1_5_ENCRYPT</code> and
<code>KM_PAD_RSA_OAEP</code> only support encryption and decryption. The method must return
<code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE</code> if the specified mode does not support the specified purpose.</p>

<p>There are some important interactions between padding modes and digests:</p>

<ul>

  <li><code>KM_PAD_NONE</code> indicates that a "raw" RSA operation will be
  performed. If signing or verifying, <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code> must be
  specified for the digest. No digest is required for unpadded encryption or
  decryption.

  <li><code>KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN</code> padding requires a digest. The
  digest may be <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code>, in which case the Keymaster
  implementation cannot build a proper PKCS#1 v1.5 signature structure, because
  it cannot add the DigestInfo structure. Instead, the implementation must
  construct <code>0x00 || 0x01 || PS || 0x00 || M</code>, where M is the
  provided message and PS is the padding string. The size of the RSA key must be
  at least 11 bytes larger than the message, otherwise the method must return
  <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH</code>.

  <li><code>KM_PAD_RSA_PKCS1_1_1_5_ENCRYPT</code> padding does not require a digest.

  <li><code>KM_PAD_RSA_PSS</code> padding requires a digest, which may not be
  <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code>.  If <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code> is specified, the
  method must return <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST</code>. In addition, the
  size of the RSA key must be at least 22 bytes larger than the output size of
  the digest. Otherwise, the method must return
  <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST</code>.

  <li><code>KM_PAD_RSA_OAEP</code> padding requires a digest, which may not be
  <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code>.  If <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code> is specified, the
  method must return <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST</code>.

</ul>

<h4 id=ec_keys>EC keys</h4>

<p>EC key operations must specify exactly one padding mode in <code>in_params</code>.
If unspecified or specified more than once,
return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE</code>.</p>

<p>Private key operations (<code>KM_PURPOSE_SIGN</code>) require authorization of the
digest, which means that the specified value must be in the key authorizations.
If not, return <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST</code>.
Public key operations (<code>KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY</code>) are permitted with unauthorized digest or padding.</p>

<h4 id=aes_keys>AES keys</h4>

<p>AES key operations must specify exactly one block mode and one padding mode in <code>in_params</code>.
If either value is unspecified or specified more than once, return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_BLOCK_MODE</code> or
<code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE</code>. The specified modes must be authorized by the key.
Otherwise, the method must
return <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_BLOCK_MODE</code> or <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_PADDING_MODE</code>.</p>

<p>If the block mode is <code>KM_MODE_GCM</code>, <code>in_params</code> must specify <code>KM_TAG_MAC_LENGTH</code>, and the
specified value must be a multiple of 8 and must not be greater than
128, or less than the value of <code>KM_TAG_MIN_MAC_LENGTH</code> in the key authorizations. For MAC lengths greater than 128 or non-multiples of
8, return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_MAC_LENGTH</code>. For values less than the key's minimum length, return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_MAC_LENGTH</code>.</p>

<p>If the block mode is <code>KM_MODE_GCM</code> or <code>KM_MODE_CTR</code>, the specified padding mode must
be <code>KM_PAD_NONE</code>. For <code>KM_MODE_ECB</code> or <code>KM_MODE_CBC</code>, the mode may
be <code>KM_PAD_NONE</code> or <code>KM_PAD_PKCS7</code>. If the padding mode doesn't meet these
requirements, return <code>KM_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_PADDING_MODE</code>.</p>

<p>If the block mode is <code>KM_MODE_CBC</code>, <code>KM_MODE_CTR</code>, or <code>KM_MODE_GCM</code>, an initialization vector or nonce is needed.
In most cases, callers should not
provide an IV or nonce and the Keymaster implementation must generate a random
IV or nonce and return it via <a href="#km_tag_nonce">KM_TAG_NONCE</a> in <code>out_params</code>. CBC
and CTR IVs are 16 bytes. GCM nonces are 12 bytes. If the key
authorizations contain <a href="#km_tag_caller_nonce">KM_TAG_CALLER_NONCE</a>, then the caller may
provide an IV/nonce with <a href="#km_tag_nonce">KM_TAG_NONCE</a> in <code>in_params</code>. If a
nonce is provided when <a href="#km_tag_caller_nonce">KM_TAG_CALLER_NONCE</a> is not authorized,
return <code>KM_ERROR_CALLER_NONCE_PROHIBITED</code>. If a nonce is not provided when
<a href="#km_tag_caller_nonce">KM_TAG_CALLER_NONCE</a> is authorized, generate a random IV/nonce.</p>

<h4 id=hmac_keys>HMAC keys</h4>

<p>HMAC key operations must specify <code>KM_TAG_MAC_LENGTH</code> in <code>in_params</code>.
The specified value must be a multiple of 8 and must not be greater than the
digest length, or less than the value of <code>KM_TAG_MIN_MAC_LENGTH</code> in the key authorizations.
For MAC lengths greater than the digest length or
non-multiples of 8, return <code>KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_MAC_LENGTH</code>. For values less than
the key's minimum length, return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_MAC_LENGTH</code>.</p>

<h3 id=update>update</h3>

<p>Provides data to process in an ongoing operation started with <a href="#begin">begin</a>.
The operation is specified by the <code>operation_handle</code> parameter.</p>

<p>To provide more flexibility for buffer handling, implementations of this method
have the option of consuming less data than was provided. The caller is
responsible for looping to feed the rest of the data in subsequent calls. The
amount of input consumed must be returned in the <code>input_consumed</code> parameter.
Implementations must always consume at least one byte, unless the
operation cannot accept any more; if more than zero bytes are provided and zero
bytes are consumed, callers will consider this an error and abort the
operation.</p>

<p>Implementations may also choose how much data to return, as a result of the
update. This is only relevant for encryption and decryption operations, since
signing and verification return no data until <a href="#finish">finish</a>. It is recommended
to return data as early as possible, rather than buffer it.</p>

<h4 id=error_handling>Error handling</h4>

<p>If this method returns an error code other than <code>KM_ERROR_OK</code>, the operation is
aborted and the operation handle must be invalidated. Any
future use of the handle, with this method or <a href="#finish">finish</a> or <a href="#abort">abort</a>,
must return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION_HANDLE</code>.</p>

<h4 id=authorization_enforcement>Authorization enforcement</h4>

<p>Key authorization enforcement is performed primarily in <a href="#begin">begin</a>. The one exception
is the case where the key has:</p>

<ul>
  <li>One or more <a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_IDs</a>, and
  <li>Does not have a <a href="#km_tag_auth_timeout">KM_TAG_AUTH_TIMEOUT</a>
</ul>

<p>In this case, the key requires an authorization per operation, and the update
method must receive a <a href="#km_tag_auth_token">KM_TAG_AUTH_TOKEN</a> in the <code>in_params</code> argument.
The token must be valid (HMAC must verify) and it must contain a
matching secure user ID, must match the key's <a href="#km_tag_mac_length">KM_TAG_USER_AUTH_TYPE</a>, and must
contain the operation handle of the current operation in the
challenge field. If these requirements aren't met, return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_USER_NOT_AUTHENTICATED</code>.</p>

<p>The caller must provide the authentication token to every call to <a href="#update">update</a> and
<a href="#finish">finish</a>. The implementation need only validate the token once if it prefers.</p>

<h4 id=rsa_keys>RSA keys</h4>

<p>For signing and verification operations with <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code>, this method must accept
the entire block to be signed or verified in a single
update. It may not consume only a portion of the block. It still must accept
the data in multiple updates if the caller chooses to provide it that way,
however. If the caller provides more data to sign than can be used (length of
data exceeds RSA key size), return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH</code>.</p>

<h4 id=ecdsa_keys>ECDSA keys</h4>

<p>For signing and verification operations with <code>KM_DIGEST_NONE</code>, this method must accept the
entire block to be signed or verified in a single
update. This method may not consume only a portion of the block.</p>

<p>However, this method still must accept the data in multiple updates if the
caller chooses to provide it that way. If the caller provides more data to sign
than can be used, the data should be silently truncated. (This differs from the
handling of excess data provided in similar RSA operations. The reason for this
is compatibility with legacy clients.)</p>

<h4 id=aes_keys>AES keys</h4>

<p>AES GCM mode supports "associated authentication data," provided via the
<a href="#km_tag_associated_data">KM_TAG_ASSOCIATED_DATA</a> tag in the <code>in_params</code> argument.
The associated data may be provided in repeated calls (important if
the data is too large to send in a single block) but must always precede data
to be encrypted or decrypted. An update call may receive both associated data
and data to encrypt/decrypt, but subsequent updates may not include associated
data. If the caller provides associated data to an update call after a call
that includes data to encrypt/decrypt, return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_TAG</code>.</p>

<p>For GCM encryption, the tag is appended to the ciphertext by <a href="#finish">finish</a>.
During decryption, the last <code>KM_TAG_MAC_LENGTH</code> bytes of the data provided to the last
update call is the tag. Since a given
invocation of <a href="#update">update</a> cannot know if it's the last invocation, it must process all but the tag
length and buffer the possible tag data for processing during <a href="#finish">finish</a>.</p>

<h3 id=finish>finish</h3>

<p>Finished an ongoing operation started with <a href="#begin">begin</a>, processing all of the
as-yet-unprocessed data provided by <a href="#update">update</a>(s).</p>

<p>This method is the last one called in an operation, so all processed data must
be returned.</p>

<p>Whether it completes successfully or returns an error, this method finalizes
the operation and therefore invalidates the provided operation handle. Any
future use of the handle, with this method or <a href="#update">update</a> or
<a href="#abort">abort</a>, must return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION_HANDLE</code>.</p>

<p>Signing operations return the signature as the output. Verification operations
accept the signature in the <code>signature</code> parameter, and return no output.</p>

<h4 id=authorization_enforcement>Authorization enforcement</h4>

<p>Key authorization enforcement is performed primarily in <a href="#begin">begin</a>. The one exception is the case where the key has:</p>

<ul>
  <li>One or more <a href="#km_tag_user_secure_id">KM_TAG_USER_SECURE_IDs</a>, and
  <li>Does not have a <a href="#km_tag_auth_timeout">KM_TAG_AUTH_TIMEOUT</a>
</ul>

<p>In this case, the key requires an authorization per operation, and the update
method must receive a <a href="#km_tag_auth_token">KM_TAG_AUTH_TOKEN</a> in the <code>in_params</code> argument.
The token must be valid (HMAC must verify) and it must contain a
matching secure user ID, must match the key's <a href="#km_tag_mac_length">KM_TAG_USER_AUTH_TYPE</a>, and must
contain the operation handle of the current operation in the
challenge field. If these requirements aren't met, return <code>KM_ERROR_KEY_USER_NOT_AUTHENTICATED</code>.</p>

<p>The caller must provide the authentication token to every call to <a href="#update">update</a> and <a href="#finish">finish</a>.
The implementation need only validate the token once if it prefers.</p>

<h4 id=rsa_keys>RSA keys</h4>

<p>Some additional requirements, depending on the padding mode:</p>

<ul>
  <li><strong>KM_PAD_NONE</strong>. For unpadded signing and encryption operations, if the provided data is
shorter than the key, the data must be zero-padded on the left before
signing/encryption. If the data is the same length as the key but numerically
larger, return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT</code>. For verification and decryption operations, the data must be exactly as long
as the key. Otherwise, return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH.</code>
  <li><strong>KM_PAD_RSA_PSS</strong>. For PSS-padded signature operations, the PSS salt must be at least 20 bytes
in length and randomly-generated. The salt may be longer; the reference
implementation uses maximally-sized salt. The digest specified with <a href="#km_tag_digest">KM_TAG_DIGEST</a> in
<code>input_params</code> on <a href="#begin">begin</a> is used as the PSS digest algorithm, and SHA1 is used as the MGF1 digest
algorithm.
  <li><strong>KM_PAD_RSA_OAEP</strong>. The digest specified with <a href="#km_tag_digest">KM_TAG_DIGEST</a> in
  <code>input_params</code> on <a href="#begin">begin</a> is used as the OAEP digest algorithm, and SHA1 is used as the MGF1 digest
algorithm.
</ul>

<h4 id=ecdsa_keys>ECDSA keys</h4>

<p>If the data provided for unpadded signing or verification is too long, truncate
it.</p>

<h4 id=aes_keys>AES keys</h4>

<p>Some additional requirements, depending on block mode:</p>

<ul>
  <li><strong>KM_MODE_ECB</strong> or <strong>KM_MODE_CBC</strong>. If padding is <code>KM_PAD_NONE</code> and the
  data length is not a multiple of the AES block size, return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH</code>. If
  padding is <code>KM_PAD_PKCS7</code>, pad the data per the PKCS#7 specification. Note that PKCS#7 requires that if
the data is a multiple of the block length, an additional padding block must be
added.
  <li><strong>KM_MODE_GCM</strong>. During encryption, after processing all plaintext, compute the
  tag (<a href="#km_tag_mac_length">KM_TAG_MAC_LENGTH</a> bytes) and append it to the returned ciphertext.
  During decryption, process
the last <a href="#km_tag_mac_length">KM_TAG_MAC_LENGTH</a> bytes as the tag. If tag verification fails,
return <code>KM_ERROR_VERIFICATION_FAILED</code>.
</ul>

<h3 id=abort>abort</h3>

<p>Aborts the in-progress operation. After the call to abort, return <code>KM_ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION_HANDLE</code> for
any subsequent use of the provided operation handle with <a href="#update">update</a>,
<a href="#finish">finish</a>, or <a href="#abort">abort</a>.</p>