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| |
| <h1>ImageMagick Escapes</h1> |
| <p class="navigation-index"></p> |
| |
| <div class="doc-section"> |
| |
| <p>There is a copious amount of extra data assocated with images (metadata), beyond the actual image pixels. This metadata can be useful, either for |
| display, or for various calculations, or in modifying the behaviour of later |
| image processing operations.</p> |
| |
| <p>You can utilize percent escapes in a number of options, for example in <a href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_" |
| >-format</a> or in montage <a href="command-line-options.html#label" |
| >-label</a>, to print various properties and other settings associated with an |
| image. </p> |
| |
| <table> |
| <tr valign="top"> |
| <td><b>Profile Data</b></td> |
| <td>Such as EXIF: data, containing focal lengths, exposures, dates, and in |
| come cases GPS locations. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr valign="top"> |
| <td><b>Attributes</b></td> |
| <td>These are directly involved with image data, and more commonly |
| modified as part of normal image processing. These include |
| width, height, depth, image type (colorspace), timing delays, and |
| background color. Most specific percent escapes is to access this |
| information. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr valign="top"> |
| <td><b>Properties</b></td> |
| <td>These are stored as a table of free form strings, and are (if posible) |
| saved with the image (especially in MIFF and PNG image file formats). |
| These include: Labels, Captions, Comments. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr valign="top"> |
| <td><b>Artifacts</b></td> |
| <td>These are various operational (expert) settings that are saved for |
| use by various operators, or by the user for future use. It is just |
| a table of free-form strings. They are not saved with the image when |
| written. See Artifacts and Options below for details. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr valign="top"> |
| <td><b>Options</b></td> |
| <td>Also operational (expert) settings that are saved for |
| use by various operators, but are set globally for use by a whole |
| image list (also not saved). See Artifacts and Options below. |
| </td></tr> |
| </table> |
| |
| <h3>Percent Escape Handling</h3> |
| |
| <p>If you request a percent escape such as <code>%[key]</code> the setting |
| is looked for in the following order until the first match has been |
| found...</p> |
| |
| <ol> |
| <li>Handle special prefixes such as 'artifact:' 'option:' 'exif:', or |
| 'fx:'. This includes and calculations and or globs of those prefixes such |
| as 'exif:*' or 'artifact:*' (see below).</li> |
| |
| <li>If <code>key</code> contains a glob pattern (but no known prefix) |
| search free-form properties table.</li> |
| |
| <li>If <code>key</code> is a special image 'attribute' name (see list |
| above) return the associated or calculated image attribute.</li> |
| |
| <li>Search for setting as a free-form 'property'</li> |
| <li>Search for setting as a free-form 'artifact'</li> |
| <li>Search for setting as a free-form 'option'</li> |
| |
| <li>Replace escape with empty string, and perhaps produce a warning.</li> |
| </ol> |
| |
| <p>Remember, all long name forms of percent escapes are handled in a is case |
| insensitive manner. </p> |
| |
| <p><b>As of IM v6.8.0-5</b> you can now access the Artifact and Option |
| free-form string tables directly, allowing you to override the above sequence, |
| and avoid accessing an attribute or property of the same name.</p> |
| |
| <pre class="text"> |
| %[artifact:<em class="arg">setting</em>] |
| %[option:<em class="arg">setting</em>] |
| </pre> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Single Letter Attribute Percent Escapes</h3> |
| |
| <p>Here are common single letter escapes (short form) is used to report the most |
| common attributes and properties of an image, such as: the image filename |
| filename, type, width, height. </p> |
| |
| <div class="viewport">\n newline |
| \r carriage return |
| < less-than character. |
| > greater-than character. |
| & ampersand character. |
| %% a percent sign |
| %b file size of image read in |
| %c comment meta-data property |
| %d directory component of path |
| %e filename extension or suffix |
| %f filename (including suffix) |
| %g layer canvas page geometry (equivalent to "%Wx%H%X%Y") |
| %h current image height in pixels |
| %i image filename (note: becomes output filename for "info:") |
| %k CALCULATED: number of unique colors |
| %l label meta-data property |
| %m image file format (file magic) |
| %n number of images in current image sequence |
| %o output filename (used for delegates) |
| %p index of image in current image list |
| %q quantum depth (compile-time constant) |
| %r image class and colorspace |
| %s scene number (from input unless re-assigned) |
| %t filename without directory or extension (suffix) |
| %u unique temporary filename (used for delegates) |
| %w current width in pixels |
| %x x resolution (density) |
| %y y resolution (density) |
| %z image depth (as read in unless modified, image save depth) |
| %A image transparency channel enabled (true/false) |
| %C image compression type |
| %D image GIF dispose method |
| %G original image size (%wx%h; before any resizes) |
| %H page (canvas) height |
| %M Magick filename (original file exactly as given, including read mods) |
| %O page (canvas) offset ( = %X%Y ) |
| %P page (canvas) size ( = %Wx%H ) |
| %Q image compression quality ( 0 = default ) |
| %S ?? scenes ?? |
| %T image time delay (in centi-seconds) |
| %U image resolution units |
| %W page (canvas) width |
| %X page (canvas) x offset (including sign) |
| %Y page (canvas) y offset (including sign) |
| %Z unique filename (used for delegates) |
| %@ CALCULATED: trim bounding box (without actually trimming) |
| %# CALCULATED: 'signature' hash of image values |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>Here is a sample command and its output for an image with filename |
| <code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p> |
| |
| <pre class="text"> |
| -> identify -format "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff |
| MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>Note that all single letter percent escapes can also be used using long |
| form (from IM version 6.7.6-9, see next). For example <code>%[f]</code> is |
| equivelent to the <code>%f</code> short form. </p> |
| |
| <p><b>WARNING</b>: short form percent escapes are NOT performed when the percent |
| is after a number. For example, <code>10%x10</code> does not expand the |
| <code>%x</code> as a percent escape. If you specifically want to expand the |
| 'x', use the long form which overrides this special case. EG: |
| <code>10%[x]10</code>. </p> |
| |
| <p>Also be warned that calculated attributes can take some time to generate, |
| especially for large images.</p> |
| |
| <h3>Long Form Attribute Percent Escapes</h3> |
| |
| <p>In addition to the above specific and calculated attributes are recognized |
| when enclosed in braces (long form):</p> |
| |
| <div class="viewport">%[base] base filename, no suffixes (as %t) |
| %[channels] ??? channels in use - colorspace ??? |
| %[colorspace] Colorspace of Image Data (excluding transparency) |
| %[copyright] ImageMagick Copyright String |
| %[depth] depth of image for write (as input unless changed) |
| %[deskew:angle] The deskew angle in degrees of rotation |
| %[directory] directory part of filename (as %d) |
| %[distortion] how well an image resembles a reference image (<a href="command-line-options.html#compare" >-compare</a>) |
| %[entropy] CALCULATED: entropy of the image |
| %[extension] extention part of filename (as %e) |
| %[gamma] value of image gamma |
| %[group] ??? window group ??? |
| %[height] original height of image (when it was read in) |
| %[kurtosis] CALCULATED: kurtosis statistic of image |
| %[label] label meta-data property |
| %[magick] coder used to read image (not the file suffix) |
| %[max] CALCULATED: maximum value statistic of image |
| %[mean] CALCULATED: average value statistic of image |
| %[min] CALCULATED: minimum value statistic of image |
| %[name] The original name of the image |
| %[opaque] CALCULATED: is image fully-opaque? |
| %[orientation] image orientation |
| %[page] Virtual canvas (page) geometry |
| %[profile:icc] ICC profile info |
| %[profile:icm] ICM profile info |
| %[profiles] list of any embedded profiles |
| %[resolution.x] X density (resolution) without units |
| %[resolution.y] Y density (resolution) without units |
| %[scene] original scene number of image in input file |
| %[size] original size of image (when it was read in) |
| %[skewness] CALCULATED: skewness statistic of image |
| %[standard-deviation] CALCULATED: standard deviation statistic of image |
| %[type] CALCULATED: image type |
| %[unique] unique temporary filename ??? |
| %[units] image resolution units |
| %[version] Version Information of this running ImageMagick |
| %[width] original width of image (when it was read in) |
| %[zero] zero (unique filename for delegate use) |
| </div> |
| |
| <h3>Properties</h3> |
| |
| <p>All other long forms of percent escapes (not single letter long form) are |
| handled in a case insensitive manner. Such escapes will will attempt to look |
| up that name specific data sources. </p> |
| |
| <p>The primary search space (if not a specific attribute listed above) is |
| a free-form property string. Such strings are associated and saved with |
| images, and are typically set using either the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> |
| CLI option (or API equivelent), or from special convenience options |
| (such as <a href="command-line-options.html#label" |
| >-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#comment" |
| >-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption" |
| >-caption</a>). </p> |
| |
| <p>These convenience options are globally saved (as 'global options' so thay can |
| be set before images are read), and later are transfered to the property of |
| individual images, only when they are read in. At that time any internal |
| percent escape present is then handled. </p> |
| |
| <p>To change a property of an image already in memory, you need to use <a |
| href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p>Note that properties, like attributes (and profiles), are saved with |
| images when write, if the image file format allows. </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Artifacts and Options</h3> |
| |
| <p>The previous percent escapes are associated with the primary Attributes and |
| Properties. Which is the original and primary focus of such percent escapes. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p>However there are many operational settings that are used by various |
| ImageMagick operators that can be useful to set and later access. These |
| consist of per-image Artifacts, and Global options (associated with a list of |
| images, typically the current image list).</p> |
| |
| <p>Note that the major difference between an artifact and a property is that |
| artifacts, being an internal operational setting, is not saved with images (if |
| such is possible). </p> |
| |
| <p>For example when you use <code>-define 'distort:viewport=100x100'</code> you |
| are in fact generating a global option, which the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" |
| >-distort</a> operator will use to modify its behaviour (distorted output |
| image 'view'). </p> |
| |
| <p>An Option is essentually a Artifact that has been stored globally as part |
| of a list of images (specifically a 'Wand' of images). As such they are |
| identical, in that a Option, is simply a global Artifact for all the |
| associated images. </p> |
| |
| <p>As such you can use <code>-set 'option:distort:viewport' '100x100'</code> to |
| achieve the same result of setting a Artifact for the disort operation to use. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p><b>Internal Handling of a Global Option...</b></p> |
| |
| <p>The Core library ('MagickCore') does not generally directly understand |
| Global Options. As such, continuing the previous example, the |
| <code>DistortImages()</code> function only looks up an artifact to discover if |
| a 'viewport' has been provided to it. </p> |
| |
| <p>How Global Options are used when a library function requests an Artifact is |
| one of the key differences between IMv6 and IMv7.</p> |
| |
| <p>In <b>ImageMagick version 6</b>... before each operator, any global Options |
| are copied to per-image Artifacts, for every image in the current image list. |
| This allows various operators to find its operational 'defines' or Artifacts. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p>In <b>ImageMagick version 7</b>... sets a link back to the global options |
| data, so that if a specific per-image Artifact is not found , then it will |
| look for a equivelent global Option for that image list. directly. This |
| saves coping these free-form options into artifacts repeatally, and means you |
| can now separally define a global option for a list, and a individual |
| overriding artifact for a specific image in that list. </p> |
| |
| <p>Note that many API's that do not use Wands (PerlMagick for example using |
| arrays of images rather than a Wand). In these API's you will not have Global |
| Options, only per-image Artifacts. </p> |
| |
| <p>In summery a Global Option, if available, is equivelent to a per-image |
| Artifact. </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Glob-Pattern Listing of Properties, Artifacts and Options</h3> |
| |
| <p>The <em class="arg">setting</em> can contain a glob pattern. As such you can |
| now list all free-form string properties, artifacts, and options, (but not |
| specific image attributes) using...</p> |
| |
| <pre class="text"> |
| convert ... \ |
| -print "__Properties__\n%[*]" \ |
| -print "__Artifacts__\n%[artifact:*]" \ |
| -print "__Options__\n%[option:*]" \ |
| ... |
| </pre> |
| |
| <!-- This does not format right! |
| <p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert ... \ </span><span class='crtout'> -print "__Properties__\n%[*]" \ </span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'> -print "__Artifacts__\n%[artifact:*]" \ </span><span class='crtout'> -print "__Options__\n%[option:*]" \ </span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'> ...</span></p>--> |
| |
| <p> The format of glob patterns are very specific and as such is generally |
| only used to list specific settings, such as when debugging, rather than being |
| used for image processing use. </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Calculated Percent Escape Prefixes</h3> |
| |
| <p>There are some special prefixes (before the first ':') which performs |
| calculations based on the user provided string that follows that prefix. For |
| example you can do a numerical calculation use <code>%[fx:...]</code> to |
| evaluate the given <a href="fx.html">FX</a> expressions:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="text"> |
| %[fx:<em class="arg">expression</em>] |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>Use <code>pixel:</code> to evaluate a pixel color as defined by the <a |
| href="fx.html">FX</a> |
| expression:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="text"> |
| %[pixel:<em class="arg">expression</em>] |
| </pre> |
| |
| <h3>Specific Profile Percent Escape Prefixes</h3> |
| |
| <p>You can also use the following special formatting syntax to print EXIF |
| mage meta-data that was included in the image read in:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="text"> |
| %[EXIF:<em class="arg">tag</em>] |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>Choose <em class="arg">tag</em> from the following:</p> |
| |
| <div class="viewport">* (print all EXIF tags, in keyword=data format) |
| ! (print all EXIF tags, in tag_number data format) |
| #hhhh (print data for EXIF tag #hhhh) |
| ImageWidth |
| ImageLength |
| BitsPerSample |
| Compression |
| PhotometricInterpretation |
| FillOrder |
| DocumentName |
| ImageDescription |
| Make |
| Model |
| StripOffsets |
| Orientation |
| SamplesPerPixel |
| RowsPerStrip |
| StripByteCounts |
| XResolution |
| YResolution |
| PlanarConfiguration |
| ResolutionUnit |
| TransferFunction |
| Software |
| DateTime |
| Artist |
| WhitePoint |
| PrimaryChromaticities |
| TransferRange |
| JPEGProc |
| JPEGInterchangeFormat |
| JPEGInterchangeFormatLength |
| YCbCrCoefficients |
| YCbCrSubSampling |
| YCbCrPositioning |
| ReferenceBlackWhite |
| CFARepeatPatternDim |
| CFAPattern |
| BatteryLevel |
| Copyright |
| ExposureTime |
| FNumber |
| IPTC/NAA |
| EXIFOffset |
| InterColorProfile |
| ExposureProgram |
| SpectralSensitivity |
| GPSInfo |
| ISOSpeedRatings |
| OECF |
| EXIFVersion |
| DateTimeOriginal |
| DateTimeDigitized |
| ComponentsConfiguration |
| CompressedBitsPerPixel |
| ShutterSpeedValue |
| ApertureValue |
| BrightnessValue |
| ExposureBiasValue |
| MaxApertureValue |
| SubjectDistance |
| MeteringMode |
| LightSource |
| Flash |
| FocalLength |
| MakerNote |
| UserComment |
| SubSecTime |
| SubSecTimeOriginal |
| SubSecTimeDigitized |
| FlashPixVersion |
| ColorSpace |
| EXIFImageWidth |
| EXIFImageLength |
| InteroperabilityOffset |
| FlashEnergy |
| SpatialFrequencyResponse |
| FocalPlaneXResolution |
| FocalPlaneYResolution |
| FocalPlaneResolutionUnit |
| SubjectLocation |
| ExposureIndex |
| SensingMethod |
| FileSource |
| SceneType |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>Surround the format specification with quotation marks to prevent your |
| shell from misinterpreting any spaces and square brackets.</p> |
| |
| <p>The following special formatting syntax can be used to print IPTC |
| information contained in the file:</p> |
| |
| <pre class="text"> |
| %[IPTC:<em class="arg">dataset</em>:<em class="arg">record</em>] |
| </pre> |
| |
| <p>Select <em class="arg">dataset</em> and <em class="arg">record</em> from |
| the following:</p> |
| |
| <div class="viewport">Envelope Record |
| 1:00 Model Version |
| 1:05 Destination |
| 1:20 File Format |
| 1:22 File Format Version |
| 1:30 Service Identifier |
| 1:40 Envelope Number |
| 1:50 Product ID |
| 1:60 Envelope Priority |
| 1:70 Date Sent |
| 1:80 Time Sent |
| 1:90 Coded Character Set |
| 1:100 UNO (Unique Name of Object) |
| 1:120 ARM Identifier |
| 1:122 ARM Version |
| |
| Application Record |
| 2:00 Record Version |
| 2:03 Object Type Reference |
| 2:05 Object Name (Title) |
| 2:07 Edit Status |
| 2:08 Editorial Update |
| 2:10 Urgency |
| 2:12 Subject Reference |
| 2:15 Category |
| 2:20 Supplemental Category |
| 2:22 Fixture Identifier |
| 2:25 Keywords |
| 2:26 Content Location Code |
| 2:27 Content Location Name |
| 2:30 Release Date |
| 2:35 Release Time |
| 2:37 Expiration Date |
| 2:38 Expiration Time |
| 2:40 Special Instructions |
| 2:42 Action Advised |
| 2:45 Reference Service |
| 2:47 Reference Date |
| 2:50 Reference Number |
| 2:55 Date Created |
| 2:60 Time Created |
| 2:62 Digital Creation Date |
| 2:63 Digital Creation Time |
| 2:65 Originating Program |
| 2:70 Program Version |
| 2:75 Object Cycle |
| 2:80 By-Line (Author) |
| 2:85 By-Line Title (Author Position) [Not used in Photoshop 7] |
| 2:90 City |
| 2:92 Sub-Location |
| 2:95 Province/State |
| 2:100 Country/Primary Location Code |
| 2:101 Country/Primary Location Name |
| 2:103 Original Transmission Reference |
| 2:105 Headline |
| 2:110 Credit |
| 2:115 Source |
| 2:116 Copyright Notice |
| 2:118 Contact |
| 2:120 Caption/Abstract |
| 2:122 Caption Writer/Editor |
| 2:125 Rasterized Caption |
| 2:130 Image Type |
| 2:131 Image Orientation |
| 2:135 Language Identifier |
| 2:150 Audio Type |
| 2:151 Audio Sampling Rate |
| 2:152 Audio Sampling Resolution |
| 2:153 Audio Duration |
| 2:154 Audio Outcue |
| 2:200 ObjectData Preview File Format |
| 2:201 ObjectData Preview File Format Version |
| 2:202 ObjectData Preview Data |
| |
| Pre-ObjectData Descriptor Record |
| 7:10 Size Mode |
| 7:20 Max Subfile Size |
| 7:90 ObjectData Size Announced |
| 7:95 Maximum ObjectData Size |
| |
| ObjectData Record |
| 8:10 Subfile |
| |
| Post ObjectData Descriptor Record |
| 9:10 Confirmed ObjectData Size |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| |
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