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gerrit-public.fairphone.software / platform / external / ImageMagick / 745c33bedb7adf2679753c548bf7c4e1d658f99c / . / www / motion-picture.html
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12 <title>ImageMagick: Motion Picture Digital Images</title>
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144
145</div>
146
147<div class="main">
148
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]149<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#intro">Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</a> &bull; <a href="#log">Log Format</a> &bull; <a href="#properties">DPX properties</a> &bull; <a href="#settings">DPX Settings</a>]</p>
150
151<h2><a name="intro"></a>Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</h2>
152<div class="doc-section">
153
154<p>DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supercedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
155
156<p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
157
158<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
159
160<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
161
162<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
163
164<p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
165
166</div>
167
168<h2><a name="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
169<div class="doc-section">
170
171<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
172
173<p class="image">
174 <a href="../images/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
175 <a href="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
176</p>
177
178<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
179
180<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
181
182<p class="image">
183 <a href="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
184 <a href="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
185</p>
186
187</div>
188
189<h2><a name="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
190<div class="doc-section">
191
192<p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
193
194<pre class="text">
195 dpx:file.copyright
196 dpx:file.creator
197 dpx:file.filename
198 dpx:file.project
199 dpx:file.version
200 dpx:film.count
201 dpx:film.format
202 dpx:film.frame_id
203 dpx:film.frame_position
204 dpx:film.frame_rate
205 dpx:film.held_count
206 dpx:film.id
207 dpx:film.offset
208 dpx:film.prefix
209 dpx:film.sequence_length
210 dpx:film.shutter_angle
211 dpx:film.slate
212 dpx:film.type
213 dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
214 dpx:orientation.border
215 dpx:orientation.device
216 dpx:orientation.filename
217 dpx:orientation.x_center
218 dpx:orientation.x_offset
219 dpx:orientation.x_size
220 dpx:orientation.y_center
221 dpx:orientation.y_offset
222 dpx:orientation.y_size
223 dpx:television.black_gain
224 dpx:television.black_level
225 dpx:television.break_point
226 dpx:television.field_number
227 dpx:television.frame_rate
228 dpx:television.gamma
229 dpx:television.integration_times
230 dpx:television.interlace
231 dpx:television.padding
232 dpx:television.time.code
233 dpx:television.time_offset
234 dpx:television.user.bits
235 dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
236 dpx:television.video_signal
237 dpx:television.white_level
238 dpx:user.id
239</pre>
240
241<p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
242
243<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -verbose bluebells.dpx</span></p>
244<p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
245
246<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx</span></p>
247<p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
248
249<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx</span></p>
250</div>
251
252<h2><a name="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
253<div class="doc-section">
254
255<p>Use <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> to specify the image gamma or black and white points. For example use:
256</p>
257
258 <div>
259 <p class="crtsnip">-set gamma 1.7</p>
260
261 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-black 95</p>
262
263 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-white 685</p>
264 </div>
265
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267
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