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gerrit-public.fairphone.software / platform / external / ImageMagick / bb50337b2a8a16ca7e903cc04ab195ff0fd47ae6 / . / www / motion-picture.html
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151
152</div>
153
154<div class="main">
155
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]156<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#intro">Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</a> &bull; <a href="#log">Log Format</a> &bull; <a href="#properties">DPX properties</a> &bull; <a href="#settings">DPX Settings</a>]</p>
157
158<h2><a name="intro"></a>Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</h2>
159<div class="doc-section">
160
161<p>DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supercedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
162
163<p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
164
165<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
166
167<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
168
169<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
170
171<p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
172
173</div>
174
175<h2><a name="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
176<div class="doc-section">
177
178<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
179
180<p class="image">
181 <a href="../images/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
182 <a href="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
183</p>
184
185<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
186
187<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
188
189<p class="image">
190 <a href="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
191 <a href="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
192</p>
193
194</div>
195
196<h2><a name="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
197<div class="doc-section">
198
199<p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
200
201<pre class="text">
202 dpx:file.copyright
203 dpx:file.creator
204 dpx:file.filename
205 dpx:file.project
206 dpx:file.version
207 dpx:film.count
208 dpx:film.format
209 dpx:film.frame_id
210 dpx:film.frame_position
211 dpx:film.frame_rate
212 dpx:film.held_count
213 dpx:film.id
214 dpx:film.offset
215 dpx:film.prefix
216 dpx:film.sequence_length
217 dpx:film.shutter_angle
218 dpx:film.slate
219 dpx:film.type
220 dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
221 dpx:orientation.border
222 dpx:orientation.device
223 dpx:orientation.filename
cristyc02484c2010-03-08 00:14:58 +0000[diff] [blame]224 dpx:orientation.serial
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]225 dpx:orientation.x_center
226 dpx:orientation.x_offset
227 dpx:orientation.x_size
228 dpx:orientation.y_center
229 dpx:orientation.y_offset
230 dpx:orientation.y_size
231 dpx:television.black_gain
232 dpx:television.black_level
233 dpx:television.break_point
234 dpx:television.field_number
235 dpx:television.frame_rate
236 dpx:television.gamma
237 dpx:television.integration_times
238 dpx:television.interlace
239 dpx:television.padding
240 dpx:television.time.code
241 dpx:television.time_offset
242 dpx:television.user.bits
243 dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
244 dpx:television.video_signal
245 dpx:television.white_level
246 dpx:user.id
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]247 dpx:user.data
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]248</pre>
249
250<p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
251
252<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -verbose bluebells.dpx</span></p>
253<p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
254
255<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx</span></p>
256<p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
257
258<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx</span></p>
259</div>
260
261<h2><a name="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
262<div class="doc-section">
263
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]264<p>Use <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> to specify the image or film gamma or black and white points. For example use:
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]265</p>
266
267 <div>
268 <p class="crtsnip">-set gamma 1.7</p>
269
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]270 <p class="crtsnip">-set film-gamma 0.6</p>
271
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]272 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-black 95</p>
273
274 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-white 685</p>
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000[diff] [blame]275
276 <p class="crtsnip">-set profile dpx:user.data</p>
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