www/get_started.html - platform/external/clang - Gitiles

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 <h1>Getting Started: Building and Running Clang</h1>


 <p>This page gives you the shortest path to checking out clang and demos a few
 options.  This should get you up and running with the minimum of muss and fuss.
 If you like what you see, please consider <a href="get_involved.html">getting
 involved</a> with the clang community.</p>


 <h2>A word of warning</h2>

 <p>While this work aims to provide a fully functional C/C++/ObjC front-end, it
 is <em>still early work</em> and is under heavy development. In particular,
 there is no real C++ support yet (this is obviously a big project), and C/ObjC
 support is still missing some features. Some of the more notable missing pieces
 of C support are:</p>

 <ol>
   <li>The semantic analyzer does not produce all of the warnings and errors it
       should.</li>
   <li>The LLVM code generator is still missing important features.  clang is not
       ready to be used as a general purpose C code generator yet, but if you
       hit problems and report them to cfe-dev, we'll fix them :).</li>
   <li>We don't consider the API to be stable yet, and reserve the right to
       change fundamental things.</li>
 </ol>

 <p>Our plan is to continue chipping away at these issues until C works really
 well, but we'd love help from other interested contributors.  We expect C to be
 in good shape by mid to late 2008.</p>

 <h2 id="build">Building clang / working with the code</h2>

 <p>If you would like to check out and build the project, the current scheme
 is:</p>

 <ol>
   <li><a href="http://www.llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#checkout">Checkout
    and build LLVM</a> from SVN head:</li>

   <ul>
     <li><tt>svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm</tt></li>
     <li><tt>cd llvm</tt></li>
     <li><tt>./configure; make</tt></li>
   </ul>
   <li>Checkout clang:</li>
   <ul>
      <li>From within the <tt>llvm</tt> directory (where you
      built llvm):</li>
      <li><tt>cd tools</tt>
      <li><tt>svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang</tt></li>

   </ul>
   <li>Non-mac users: Paths to system header files are currently hard coded
       into clang; as a result, if clang can't find your system headers,
       please follow these instructions:</li>

   <ul>
     <li>'<tt>touch empty.c; gcc -v empty.c -fsyntax-only</tt>' to get the
     path.</li>
     <li>Look for the comment "FIXME: temporary hack:
     hard-coded paths" in <tt>clang/Driver/clang.cpp</tt> and
     change the lines below to include that path.</li>
   </ul>

   <li>Build clang:</li>
   <ul>
     <li><tt>cd clang</tt> (assuming that you are in <tt>llvm/tools</tt>)</li>
     <li><tt>make</tt> (this will give you a debug build)</li>
   </ul>

   <li>Try it out (assuming you add llvm/Debug/bin to your path):</li>
   <ul>
     <li><tt>clang --help</tt></li>
     <li><tt>clang file.c -fsyntax-only</tt> (check for correctness)</li>
     <li><tt>clang file.c -ast-dump</tt> (internal debug dump of ast)</li>
     <li><tt>clang file.c -ast-view</tt> (<a
     href="http://llvm.org/docs/ProgrammersManual.html#ViewGraph">set up graphviz
      and rebuild llvm first</a>)</li>
     <li><tt>clang file.c -emit-llvm</tt> (print out unoptimized llvm code)</li>
     <li><tt>clang file.c -emit-llvm -o - | llvm-as | opt -std-compile-opts |
          llvm-dis</tt> (print out optimized llvm code)</li>
     <li><tt>clang file.c -emit-llvm -o - | llvm-as | opt -std-compile-opts | llc
          &gt; file.s</tt> (output native machine code)</li>
   </ul>
 </ol>

 <p>Note that the C front-end uses LLVM, but does not depend on
   llvm-gcc.  If you encounter problems with building clang, make
   sure you have the latest SVN version of LLVM.  LLVM contains
   support libraries for clang that will be updated as well as
   development on clang progresses.</p>

 <h3>Building clang while building llvm:</h3>
    <p>Since you've checked out clang into the llvm source tree you can
    build them all at once with a simple Makefile change. This moves
    Step 1 above to Step 4.</p>
   <ul>
     <li><tt>cd llvm/tools</tt></li>
     <li>then edit <tt>Makefile</tt> to have a clang target in <tt>PARALLEL_DIRS</tt>
         just like <tt>llvm-config</tt></li>
     <li>then just build llvm normally as above and clang will build at
         the same time</li>
     <li><em>Note:</em> you can update your toplevel project and all (possibly unrelated)
         projects inside it with <tt><b>make update</b></tt>. This will run
 	<tt>svn update</tt> on all subdirectories related to subversion.</li>
   </ul>

 <h2>Examples of using clang</h2>

 <p>The clang driver takes a lot of GCC compatible options, which you can see
 with 'clang --help'. Here are a few examples:</p>
 <!-- Thanks to
  http://shiflett.org/blog/2006/oct/formatting-and-highlighting-php-code-listings
 Site suggested using pre in CSS, but doesn't work in IE, so went for the <pre>
 tag. -->

 <pre class="code">
 $ <b>cat ~/t.c</b>
 typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));
 V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; }
 </pre>


 <h3>Preprocessing:</h3>

 <pre class="code">
 $ <b>clang ~/t.c -E</b>
 # 1 "/Users/sabre/t.c" 1

 typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));

 V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; }
 </pre>


 <h3>Type checking:</h3>

 <pre class="code">
 $ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c</b>
 </pre>


 <h3>GCC options:</h3>

 <pre class="code">
 $ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c -pedantic</b>
 /Users/sabre/t.c:2:17: warning: extension used
 typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));
                 ^
 1 diagnostic generated.
 </pre>


 <h3>Pretty printing from the AST:</h3>

 <pre class="code">
 $ <b>clang ~/t.c -ast-print</b>
 typedef float V __attribute__(( vector_size(16) ));
 V foo(V a, V b) {
    return a + b * a;
 }
 </pre>


 <h3>Code generation with LLVM:</h3>

 <pre class="code">
 $ <b>clang ~/t.c -emit-llvm -o - | llvm-as | opt -std-compile-opts | llvm-dis</b>
 define &lt;4 x float&gt; @foo(&lt;4 x float&gt; %a, &lt;4 x float&gt; %b) {
 entry:
          %mul = mul &lt;4 x float&gt; %b, %a
          %add = add &lt;4 x float&gt; %mul, %a
          ret &lt;4 x float&gt; %add
 }
 $ <b>clang ~/t.c -emit-llvm -o - | llvm-as | opt -std-compile-opts | llc -march=ppc32 -mcpu=g5</b>
 ..
 _foo:
          vmaddfp v2, v3, v2, v2
          blr
 $ <b>clang ~/t.c -emit-llvm -o - | llvm-as | opt -std-compile-opts | llc -march=x86 -mcpu=yonah</b>
 ..
 _foo:
          mulps %xmm0, %xmm1
          addps %xmm0, %xmm1
          movaps %xmm1, %xmm0
          ret
 </pre>

 <h3>GCC "Emulation" Driver</h3>

 <p>While the <tt>clang</tt> executable is a compiler driver that can perform
 code generation, program analysis, and other actions, it is not designed to be a
 drop-in replacement for GCC's <tt>cc</tt>. There is interest in developing such
 a driver for clang, but in the interim the clang source tree includes a Python
 script <tt>ccc</tt> in the <tt>utils</tt> subdirectory that provides some of
 this functionality (the script is intended to be used where GCC's <tt>cc</tt>
 could be used). It is currently a work in progress, and eventually will likely
 be replaced by a more complete driver.</p>

 <p>Example use:</p>

 <pre class="code">
 $ <b>ccc t.c</b>
 clang -emit-llvm-bc -o t.o -U__GNUC__ t.c
 llvm-ld -native -o a.out t.o
 $ <b>ls</b>
 a.out a.out.bc t.c t.o
 </pre>


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	<html>
	<head>
	<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
	<title>Clang - Getting Started</title>
	<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="menu.css" />
	<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="content.css" />
	</head>
	<body>

	<!--#include virtual="menu.html.incl"-->

	<div id="content">

	<h1>Getting Started: Building and Running Clang</h1>


	<p>This page gives you the shortest path to checking out clang and demos a few
	options. This should get you up and running with the minimum of muss and fuss.
	If you like what you see, please consider <a href="get_involved.html">getting
	involved</a> with the clang community.</p>


	<h2>A word of warning</h2>

	<p>While this work aims to provide a fully functional C/C++/ObjC front-end, it
	is <em>still early work</em> and is under heavy development. In particular,
	there is no real C++ support yet (this is obviously a big project), and C/ObjC
	support is still missing some features. Some of the more notable missing pieces
	of C support are:</p>

	<ol>
	<li>The semantic analyzer does not produce all of the warnings and errors it
	should.</li>
	<li>The LLVM code generator is still missing important features. clang is not
	ready to be used as a general purpose C code generator yet, but if you
	hit problems and report them to cfe-dev, we'll fix them :).</li>
	<li>We don't consider the API to be stable yet, and reserve the right to
	change fundamental things.</li>
	</ol>

	<p>Our plan is to continue chipping away at these issues until C works really
	well, but we'd love help from other interested contributors. We expect C to be
	in good shape by mid to late 2008.</p>

	<h2 id="build">Building clang / working with the code</h2>

	<p>If you would like to check out and build the project, the current scheme
	is:</p>

	<ol>
	<li><a href="http://www.llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#checkout">Checkout
	and build LLVM</a> from SVN head:</li>

	<ul>
	<li><tt>svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk llvm</tt></li>
	<li><tt>cd llvm</tt></li>
	<li><tt>./configure; make</tt></li>
	</ul>
	<li>Checkout clang:</li>
	<ul>
	<li>From within the <tt>llvm</tt> directory (where you
	built llvm):</li>
	<li><tt>cd tools</tt>
	<li><tt>svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk clang</tt></li>

	</ul>
	<li>Non-mac users: Paths to system header files are currently hard coded
	into clang; as a result, if clang can't find your system headers,
	please follow these instructions:</li>

	<ul>
	<li>'<tt>touch empty.c; gcc -v empty.c -fsyntax-only</tt>' to get the
	path.</li>
	<li>Look for the comment "FIXME: temporary hack:
	hard-coded paths" in <tt>clang/Driver/clang.cpp</tt> and
	change the lines below to include that path.</li>
	</ul>

	<li>Build clang:</li>
	<ul>
	<li><tt>cd clang</tt> (assuming that you are in <tt>llvm/tools</tt>)</li>
	<li><tt>make</tt> (this will give you a debug build)</li>
	</ul>

	<li>Try it out (assuming you add llvm/Debug/bin to your path):</li>
	<ul>
	<li><tt>clang --help</tt></li>
	<li><tt>clang file.c -fsyntax-only</tt> (check for correctness)</li>
	<li><tt>clang file.c -ast-dump</tt> (internal debug dump of ast)</li>
	<li><tt>clang file.c -ast-view</tt> (<a
	href="http://llvm.org/docs/ProgrammersManual.html#ViewGraph">set up graphviz
	and rebuild llvm first</a>)</li>
	<li><tt>clang file.c -emit-llvm</tt> (print out unoptimized llvm code)</li>
	<li><tt>clang file.c -emit-llvm -o - \| llvm-as \| opt -std-compile-opts \|
	llvm-dis</tt> (print out optimized llvm code)</li>
	<li><tt>clang file.c -emit-llvm -o - \| llvm-as \| opt -std-compile-opts \| llc
	> file.s</tt> (output native machine code)</li>
	</ul>
	</ol>

	<p>Note that the C front-end uses LLVM, but does not depend on
	llvm-gcc. If you encounter problems with building clang, make
	sure you have the latest SVN version of LLVM. LLVM contains
	support libraries for clang that will be updated as well as
	development on clang progresses.</p>

	<h3>Building clang while building llvm:</h3>
	<p>Since you've checked out clang into the llvm source tree you can
	build them all at once with a simple Makefile change. This moves
	Step 1 above to Step 4.</p>
	<ul>
	<li><tt>cd llvm/tools</tt></li>
	<li>then edit <tt>Makefile</tt> to have a clang target in <tt>PARALLEL_DIRS</tt>
	just like <tt>llvm-config</tt></li>
	<li>then just build llvm normally as above and clang will build at
	the same time</li>
	<li><em>Note:</em> you can update your toplevel project and all (possibly unrelated)
	projects inside it with <tt><b>make update</b></tt>. This will run
	<tt>svn update</tt> on all subdirectories related to subversion.</li>
	</ul>

	<h2>Examples of using clang</h2>

	<p>The clang driver takes a lot of GCC compatible options, which you can see
	with 'clang --help'. Here are a few examples:</p>
	<!-- Thanks to
	http://shiflett.org/blog/2006/oct/formatting-and-highlighting-php-code-listings
	Site suggested using pre in CSS, but doesn't work in IE, so went for the <pre>
	tag. -->

	<pre class="code">
	$ <b>cat ~/t.c</b>
	typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));
	V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; }
	</pre>


	<h3>Preprocessing:</h3>

	<pre class="code">
	$ <b>clang ~/t.c -E</b>
	# 1 "/Users/sabre/t.c" 1

	typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));

	V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; }
	</pre>


	<h3>Type checking:</h3>

	<pre class="code">
	$ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c</b>
	</pre>


	<h3>GCC options:</h3>

	<pre class="code">
	$ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c -pedantic</b>
	/Users/sabre/t.c:2:17: warning: extension used
	typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));
	^
	1 diagnostic generated.
	</pre>


	<h3>Pretty printing from the AST:</h3>

	<pre class="code">
	$ <b>clang ~/t.c -ast-print</b>
	typedef float V __attribute__(( vector_size(16) ));
	V foo(V a, V b) {
	return a + b * a;
	}
	</pre>


	<h3>Code generation with LLVM:</h3>

	<pre class="code">
	$ <b>clang ~/t.c -emit-llvm -o - \| llvm-as \| opt -std-compile-opts \| llvm-dis</b>
	define <4 x float> @foo(<4 x float> %a, <4 x float> %b) {
	entry:
	%mul = mul <4 x float> %b, %a
	%add = add <4 x float> %mul, %a
	ret <4 x float> %add
	}
	$ <b>clang ~/t.c -emit-llvm -o - \| llvm-as \| opt -std-compile-opts \| llc -march=ppc32 -mcpu=g5</b>
	..
	_foo:
	vmaddfp v2, v3, v2, v2
	blr
	$ <b>clang ~/t.c -emit-llvm -o - \| llvm-as \| opt -std-compile-opts \| llc -march=x86 -mcpu=yonah</b>
	..
	_foo:
	mulps %xmm0, %xmm1
	addps %xmm0, %xmm1
	movaps %xmm1, %xmm0
	ret
	</pre>

	<h3>GCC "Emulation" Driver</h3>

	<p>While the <tt>clang</tt> executable is a compiler driver that can perform
	code generation, program analysis, and other actions, it is not designed to be a
	drop-in replacement for GCC's <tt>cc</tt>. There is interest in developing such
	a driver for clang, but in the interim the clang source tree includes a Python
	script <tt>ccc</tt> in the <tt>utils</tt> subdirectory that provides some of
	this functionality (the script is intended to be used where GCC's <tt>cc</tt>
	could be used). It is currently a work in progress, and eventually will likely
	be replaced by a more complete driver.</p>

	<p>Example use:</p>

	<pre class="code">
	$ <b>ccc t.c</b>
	clang -emit-llvm-bc -o t.o -U__GNUC__ t.c
	llvm-ld -native -o a.out t.o
	$ <b>ls</b>
	a.out a.out.bc t.c t.o
	</pre>




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