Theodore Ts'o | 6318220 | 2003-03-16 02:58:01 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | This package, the EXT2 filesystem utilities, are made available under |
| 2 | the GNU Public License. |
Theodore Ts'o | 6f4a109 | 1997-04-26 13:32:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | |
Theodore Ts'o | 6318220 | 2003-03-16 02:58:01 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | However, I request that if the version string in the file version.h |
| 5 | contains the string "pre-", or "WIP" that this version of e2fsprogs be |
| 6 | distributed in source form only. Please feel free to give a copy of |
| 7 | the e2fsck binary to help a friend recover his or her filesystem, as |
| 8 | the need arises. However, "pre" or "WIP" indicates that this release |
| 9 | is under development, and available for ALPHA testing. So for your |
| 10 | protection as much as mine, I'd prefer that it not appear in a some |
| 11 | distribution --- especially not a CD-ROM distribution! |
Theodore Ts'o | 6f4a109 | 1997-04-26 13:32:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 12 | |
Theodore Ts'o | c786fec | 2000-07-27 21:06:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 13 | The most recent officially distributed version can be found at |
| 14 | http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net. If you need to make a distribution, |
| 15 | that's the one you should use. If there is some reason why you'd like |
| 16 | a more recent version that is still in ALPHA testing for your |
Theodore Ts'o | 6318220 | 2003-03-16 02:58:01 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 17 | distribution, please contact me (tytso@mit.edu), and we will very |
| 18 | likely be able to work out something that will work for all concerned. |
| 19 | The release schedules for this package are flexible, if you give me |
| 20 | enough lead time. |
Theodore Ts'o | 6f4a109 | 1997-04-26 13:32:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 21 | |
| 22 | |
| 23 | Theodore Ts'o |
Theodore Ts'o | 6318220 | 2003-03-16 02:58:01 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 24 | 15-Mar-2003 |
Theodore Ts'o | f698d42 | 2001-05-11 05:41:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | |
| 26 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 27 | |
| 28 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE |
| 29 | Version 2, June 1991 |
| 30 | |
| 31 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 32 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| 33 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| 34 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| 35 | |
| 36 | Preamble |
| 37 | |
| 38 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your |
| 39 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public |
| 40 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free |
| 41 | software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This |
| 42 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software |
| 43 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to |
| 44 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by |
| 45 | the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to |
| 46 | your programs, too. |
| 47 | |
| 48 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not |
| 49 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you |
| 50 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for |
| 51 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it |
| 52 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it |
| 53 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. |
| 54 | |
| 55 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid |
| 56 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. |
| 57 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you |
| 58 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. |
| 59 | |
| 60 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether |
| 61 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that |
| 62 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the |
| 63 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their |
| 64 | rights. |
| 65 | |
| 66 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and |
| 67 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, |
| 68 | distribute and/or modify the software. |
| 69 | |
| 70 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain |
| 71 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free |
| 72 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we |
| 73 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so |
| 74 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original |
| 75 | authors' reputations. |
| 76 | |
| 77 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software |
| 78 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free |
| 79 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the |
| 80 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any |
| 81 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. |
| 82 | |
| 83 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and |
| 84 | modification follow. |
| 85 | |
| 86 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE |
| 87 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
| 88 | |
| 89 | 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains |
| 90 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed |
| 91 | under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, |
| 92 | refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" |
| 93 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: |
| 94 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, |
| 95 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another |
| 96 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in |
| 97 | the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". |
| 98 | |
| 99 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not |
| 100 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of |
| 101 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program |
| 102 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the |
| 103 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). |
| 104 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. |
| 105 | |
| 106 | 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's |
| 107 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you |
| 108 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate |
| 109 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the |
| 110 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; |
| 111 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License |
| 112 | along with the Program. |
| 113 | |
| 114 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and |
| 115 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. |
| 116 | |
| 117 | 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion |
| 118 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and |
| 119 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 |
| 120 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: |
| 121 | |
| 122 | a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices |
| 123 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. |
| 124 | |
| 125 | b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in |
| 126 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any |
| 127 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third |
| 128 | parties under the terms of this License. |
| 129 | |
| 130 | c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively |
| 131 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such |
| 132 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an |
| 133 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a |
| 134 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide |
| 135 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under |
| 136 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this |
| 137 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but |
| 138 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on |
| 139 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) |
| 140 | |
| 141 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If |
| 142 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, |
| 143 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in |
| 144 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those |
| 145 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you |
| 146 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based |
| 147 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of |
| 148 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the |
| 149 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. |
| 150 | |
| 151 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest |
| 152 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to |
| 153 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or |
| 154 | collective works based on the Program. |
| 155 | |
| 156 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program |
| 157 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of |
| 158 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under |
| 159 | the scope of this License. |
| 160 | |
| 161 | 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, |
| 162 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of |
| 163 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: |
| 164 | |
| 165 | a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable |
| 166 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections |
| 167 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, |
| 168 | |
| 169 | b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three |
| 170 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your |
| 171 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete |
| 172 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be |
| 173 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium |
| 174 | customarily used for software interchange; or, |
| 175 | |
| 176 | c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer |
| 177 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is |
| 178 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you |
| 179 | received the program in object code or executable form with such |
| 180 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) |
| 181 | |
| 182 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for |
| 183 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source |
| 184 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any |
| 185 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to |
| 186 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a |
| 187 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include |
| 188 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary |
| 189 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the |
| 190 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component |
| 191 | itself accompanies the executable. |
| 192 | |
| 193 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering |
| 194 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent |
| 195 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as |
| 196 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not |
| 197 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. |
| 198 | |
| 199 | 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program |
| 200 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt |
| 201 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is |
| 202 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. |
| 203 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under |
| 204 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| 205 | parties remain in full compliance. |
| 206 | |
| 207 | 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not |
| 208 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or |
| 209 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are |
| 210 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by |
| 211 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the |
| 212 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and |
| 213 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying |
| 214 | the Program or works based on it. |
| 215 | |
| 216 | 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the |
| 217 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the |
| 218 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to |
| 219 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further |
| 220 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. |
| 221 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to |
| 222 | this License. |
| 223 | |
| 224 | 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent |
| 225 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), |
| 226 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
| 227 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
| 228 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot |
| 229 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this |
| 230 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you |
| 231 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent |
| 232 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by |
| 233 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then |
| 234 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to |
| 235 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. |
| 236 | |
| 237 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under |
| 238 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to |
| 239 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other |
| 240 | circumstances. |
| 241 | |
| 242 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any |
| 243 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any |
| 244 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the |
| 245 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is |
| 246 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made |
| 247 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed |
| 248 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that |
| 249 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing |
| 250 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot |
| 251 | impose that choice. |
| 252 | |
| 253 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to |
| 254 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. |
| 255 | |
| 256 | 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in |
| 257 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the |
| 258 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License |
| 259 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding |
| 260 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among |
| 261 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates |
| 262 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. |
| 263 | |
| 264 | 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions |
| 265 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will |
| 266 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to |
| 267 | address new problems or concerns. |
| 268 | |
| 269 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program |
| 270 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any |
| 271 | later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions |
| 272 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free |
| 273 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of |
| 274 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software |
| 275 | Foundation. |
| 276 | |
| 277 | 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free |
| 278 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author |
| 279 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free |
| 280 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes |
| 281 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals |
| 282 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and |
| 283 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. |
| 284 | |
| 285 | NO WARRANTY |
| 286 | |
| 287 | 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY |
| 288 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN |
| 289 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES |
| 290 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED |
| 291 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF |
| 292 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS |
| 293 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE |
| 294 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, |
| 295 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. |
| 296 | |
| 297 | 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING |
| 298 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR |
| 299 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, |
| 300 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING |
| 301 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED |
| 302 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY |
| 303 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER |
| 304 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE |
| 305 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. |
| 306 | |
| 307 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
| 308 | |
| 309 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs |
| 310 | |
| 311 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest |
| 312 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it |
| 313 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. |
| 314 | |
| 315 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest |
| 316 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively |
| 317 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least |
| 318 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
| 319 | |
| 320 | <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> |
| 321 | Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> |
| 322 | |
| 323 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
| 324 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
| 325 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or |
| 326 | (at your option) any later version. |
| 327 | |
| 328 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
| 329 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
| 330 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
| 331 | GNU General Public License for more details. |
| 332 | |
| 333 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
| 334 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
| 335 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| 336 | |
| 337 | |
| 338 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
| 339 | |
| 340 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this |
| 341 | when it starts in an interactive mode: |
| 342 | |
| 343 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author |
| 344 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. |
| 345 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it |
| 346 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. |
| 347 | |
| 348 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate |
| 349 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may |
| 350 | be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be |
| 351 | mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. |
| 352 | |
| 353 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your |
| 354 | school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if |
| 355 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: |
| 356 | |
| 357 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program |
| 358 | `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. |
| 359 | |
| 360 | <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 |
| 361 | Ty Coon, President of Vice |
| 362 | |
| 363 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into |
| 364 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may |
| 365 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the |
| 366 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General |
| 367 | Public License instead of this License. |
| 368 | |
| 369 | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 370 | |
| 371 | GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE |
| 372 | Version 2, June 1991 |
| 373 | |
| 374 | Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 375 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| 376 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| 377 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| 378 | |
| 379 | [This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is |
| 380 | numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.] |
| 381 | |
| 382 | Preamble |
| 383 | |
| 384 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your |
| 385 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public |
| 386 | Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change |
| 387 | free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. |
| 388 | |
| 389 | This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some |
| 390 | specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any |
| 391 | other libraries whose authors decide to use it. You can use it for |
| 392 | your libraries, too. |
| 393 | |
| 394 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not |
| 395 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you |
| 396 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for |
| 397 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it |
| 398 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it |
| 399 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. |
| 400 | |
| 401 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid |
| 402 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. |
| 403 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if |
| 404 | you distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it. |
| 405 | |
| 406 | For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis |
| 407 | or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave |
| 408 | you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source |
| 409 | code. If you link a program with the library, you must provide |
| 410 | complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them |
| 411 | with the library, after making changes to the library and recompiling |
| 412 | it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. |
| 413 | |
| 414 | Our method of protecting your rights has two steps: (1) copyright |
| 415 | the library, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal |
| 416 | permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library. |
| 417 | |
| 418 | Also, for each distributor's protection, we want to make certain |
| 419 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free |
| 420 | library. If the library is modified by someone else and passed on, we |
| 421 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original |
| 422 | version, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on |
| 423 | the original authors' reputations. |
| 424 | |
| 425 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software |
| 426 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that companies distributing free |
| 427 | software will individually obtain patent licenses, thus in effect |
| 428 | transforming the program into proprietary software. To prevent this, |
| 429 | we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's |
| 430 | free use or not licensed at all. |
| 431 | |
| 432 | Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary |
| 433 | GNU General Public License, which was designed for utility programs. This |
| 434 | license, the GNU Library General Public License, applies to certain |
| 435 | designated libraries. This license is quite different from the ordinary |
| 436 | one; be sure to read it in full, and don't assume that anything in it is |
| 437 | the same as in the ordinary license. |
| 438 | |
| 439 | The reason we have a separate public license for some libraries is that |
| 440 | they blur the distinction we usually make between modifying or adding to a |
| 441 | program and simply using it. Linking a program with a library, without |
| 442 | changing the library, is in some sense simply using the library, and is |
| 443 | analogous to running a utility program or application program. However, in |
| 444 | a textual and legal sense, the linked executable is a combined work, a |
| 445 | derivative of the original library, and the ordinary General Public License |
| 446 | treats it as such. |
| 447 | |
| 448 | Because of this blurred distinction, using the ordinary General |
| 449 | Public License for libraries did not effectively promote software |
| 450 | sharing, because most developers did not use the libraries. We |
| 451 | concluded that weaker conditions might promote sharing better. |
| 452 | |
| 453 | However, unrestricted linking of non-free programs would deprive the |
| 454 | users of those programs of all benefit from the free status of the |
| 455 | libraries themselves. This Library General Public License is intended to |
| 456 | permit developers of non-free programs to use free libraries, while |
| 457 | preserving your freedom as a user of such programs to change the free |
| 458 | libraries that are incorporated in them. (We have not seen how to achieve |
| 459 | this as regards changes in header files, but we have achieved it as regards |
| 460 | changes in the actual functions of the Library.) The hope is that this |
| 461 | will lead to faster development of free libraries. |
| 462 | |
| 463 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and |
| 464 | modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a |
| 465 | "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library". The |
| 466 | former contains code derived from the library, while the latter only |
| 467 | works together with the library. |
| 468 | |
| 469 | Note that it is possible for a library to be covered by the ordinary |
| 470 | General Public License rather than by this special one. |
| 471 | |
| 472 | GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE |
| 473 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION |
| 474 | |
| 475 | 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library which |
| 476 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized |
| 477 | party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Library |
| 478 | General Public License (also called "this License"). Each licensee is |
| 479 | addressed as "you". |
| 480 | |
| 481 | A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data |
| 482 | prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs |
| 483 | (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables. |
| 484 | |
| 485 | The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work |
| 486 | which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the |
| 487 | Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under |
| 488 | copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a |
| 489 | portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated |
| 490 | straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is |
| 491 | included without limitation in the term "modification".) |
| 492 | |
| 493 | "Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for |
| 494 | making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means |
| 495 | all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated |
| 496 | interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation |
| 497 | and installation of the library. |
| 498 | |
| 499 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not |
| 500 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of |
| 501 | running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from |
| 502 | such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based |
| 503 | on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for |
| 504 | writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does |
| 505 | and what the program that uses the Library does. |
| 506 | |
| 507 | 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's |
| 508 | complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that |
| 509 | you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an |
| 510 | appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact |
| 511 | all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any |
| 512 | warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the |
| 513 | Library. |
| 514 | |
| 515 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, |
| 516 | and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a |
| 517 | fee. |
| 518 | |
| 519 | 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion |
| 520 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and |
| 521 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 |
| 522 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: |
| 523 | |
| 524 | a) The modified work must itself be a software library. |
| 525 | |
| 526 | b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices |
| 527 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. |
| 528 | |
| 529 | c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no |
| 530 | charge to all third parties under the terms of this License. |
| 531 | |
| 532 | d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a |
| 533 | table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses |
| 534 | the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility |
| 535 | is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that, |
| 536 | in the event an application does not supply such function or |
| 537 | table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of |
| 538 | its purpose remains meaningful. |
| 539 | |
| 540 | (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has |
| 541 | a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the |
| 542 | application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any |
| 543 | application-supplied function or table used by this function must |
| 544 | be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square |
| 545 | root function must still compute square roots.) |
| 546 | |
| 547 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If |
| 548 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library, |
| 549 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in |
| 550 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those |
| 551 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you |
| 552 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based |
| 553 | on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of |
| 554 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the |
| 555 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote |
| 556 | it. |
| 557 | |
| 558 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest |
| 559 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to |
| 560 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or |
| 561 | collective works based on the Library. |
| 562 | |
| 563 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library |
| 564 | with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of |
| 565 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under |
| 566 | the scope of this License. |
| 567 | |
| 568 | 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public |
| 569 | License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do |
| 570 | this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so |
| 571 | that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2, |
| 572 | instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the |
| 573 | ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify |
| 574 | that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in |
| 575 | these notices. |
| 576 | |
| 577 | Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for |
| 578 | that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all |
| 579 | subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy. |
| 580 | |
| 581 | This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of |
| 582 | the Library into a program that is not a library. |
| 583 | |
| 584 | 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or |
| 585 | derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form |
| 586 | under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany |
| 587 | it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which |
| 588 | must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a |
| 589 | medium customarily used for software interchange. |
| 590 | |
| 591 | If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy |
| 592 | from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the |
| 593 | source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to |
| 594 | distribute the source code, even though third parties are not |
| 595 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. |
| 596 | |
| 597 | 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the |
| 598 | Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or |
| 599 | linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library". Such a |
| 600 | work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and |
| 601 | therefore falls outside the scope of this License. |
| 602 | |
| 603 | However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library |
| 604 | creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it |
| 605 | contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the |
| 606 | library". The executable is therefore covered by this License. |
| 607 | Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables. |
| 608 | |
| 609 | When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file |
| 610 | that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a |
| 611 | derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not. |
| 612 | Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be |
| 613 | linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The |
| 614 | threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law. |
| 615 | |
| 616 | If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data |
| 617 | structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline |
| 618 | functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object |
| 619 | file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative |
| 620 | work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the |
| 621 | Library will still fall under Section 6.) |
| 622 | |
| 623 | Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may |
| 624 | distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6. |
| 625 | Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6, |
| 626 | whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself. |
| 627 | |
| 628 | 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also compile or |
| 629 | link a "work that uses the Library" with the Library to produce a |
| 630 | work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work |
| 631 | under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit |
| 632 | modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse |
| 633 | engineering for debugging such modifications. |
| 634 | |
| 635 | You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the |
| 636 | Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by |
| 637 | this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work |
| 638 | during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the |
| 639 | copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference |
| 640 | directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one |
| 641 | of these things: |
| 642 | |
| 643 | a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding |
| 644 | machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever |
| 645 | changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under |
| 646 | Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked |
| 647 | with the Library, with the complete machine-readable "work that |
| 648 | uses the Library", as object code and/or source code, so that the |
| 649 | user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified |
| 650 | executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood |
| 651 | that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the |
| 652 | Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application |
| 653 | to use the modified definitions.) |
| 654 | |
| 655 | b) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at |
| 656 | least three years, to give the same user the materials |
| 657 | specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more |
| 658 | than the cost of performing this distribution. |
| 659 | |
| 660 | c) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy |
| 661 | from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above |
| 662 | specified materials from the same place. |
| 663 | |
| 664 | d) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these |
| 665 | materials or that you have already sent this user a copy. |
| 666 | |
| 667 | For an executable, the required form of the "work that uses the |
| 668 | Library" must include any data and utility programs needed for |
| 669 | reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception, |
| 670 | the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally |
| 671 | distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major |
| 672 | components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on |
| 673 | which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies |
| 674 | the executable. |
| 675 | |
| 676 | It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license |
| 677 | restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally |
| 678 | accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot |
| 679 | use both them and the Library together in an executable that you |
| 680 | distribute. |
| 681 | |
| 682 | 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the |
| 683 | Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library |
| 684 | facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined |
| 685 | library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on |
| 686 | the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise |
| 687 | permitted, and provided that you do these two things: |
| 688 | |
| 689 | a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work |
| 690 | based on the Library, uncombined with any other library |
| 691 | facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the |
| 692 | Sections above. |
| 693 | |
| 694 | b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact |
| 695 | that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining |
| 696 | where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work. |
| 697 | |
| 698 | 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute |
| 699 | the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any |
| 700 | attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or |
| 701 | distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your |
| 702 | rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, |
| 703 | or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses |
| 704 | terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. |
| 705 | |
| 706 | 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not |
| 707 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or |
| 708 | distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are |
| 709 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by |
| 710 | modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the |
| 711 | Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and |
| 712 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying |
| 713 | the Library or works based on it. |
| 714 | |
| 715 | 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the |
| 716 | Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the |
| 717 | original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library |
| 718 | subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further |
| 719 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. |
| 720 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to |
| 721 | this License. |
| 722 | |
| 723 | 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent |
| 724 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), |
| 725 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or |
| 726 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not |
| 727 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot |
| 728 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this |
| 729 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you |
| 730 | may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent |
| 731 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by |
| 732 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then |
| 733 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to |
| 734 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Library. |
| 735 | |
| 736 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any |
| 737 | particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply, |
| 738 | and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. |
| 739 | |
| 740 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any |
| 741 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any |
| 742 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the |
| 743 | integrity of the free software distribution system which is |
| 744 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made |
| 745 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed |
| 746 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that |
| 747 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing |
| 748 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot |
| 749 | impose that choice. |
| 750 | |
| 751 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to |
| 752 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. |
| 753 | |
| 754 | 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in |
| 755 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the |
| 756 | original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add |
| 757 | an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, |
| 758 | so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus |
| 759 | excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if |
| 760 | written in the body of this License. |
| 761 | |
| 762 | 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new |
| 763 | versions of the Library General Public License from time to time. |
| 764 | Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, |
| 765 | but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. |
| 766 | |
| 767 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library |
| 768 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and |
| 769 | "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and |
| 770 | conditions either of that version or of any later version published by |
| 771 | the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a |
| 772 | license version number, you may choose any version ever published by |
| 773 | the Free Software Foundation. |
| 774 | |
| 775 | 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free |
| 776 | programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, |
| 777 | write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is |
| 778 | copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free |
| 779 | Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our |
| 780 | decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status |
| 781 | of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing |
| 782 | and reuse of software generally. |
| 783 | |
| 784 | NO WARRANTY |
| 785 | |
| 786 | 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO |
| 787 | WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. |
| 788 | EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR |
| 789 | OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY |
| 790 | KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE |
| 791 | IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR |
| 792 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE |
| 793 | LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME |
| 794 | THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. |
| 795 | |
| 796 | 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN |
| 797 | WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY |
| 798 | AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU |
| 799 | FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR |
| 800 | CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE |
| 801 | LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING |
| 802 | RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A |
| 803 | FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF |
| 804 | SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH |
| 805 | DAMAGES. |
| 806 | |
| 807 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS |
| 808 | |
| 809 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries |
| 810 | |
| 811 | If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest |
| 812 | possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that |
| 813 | everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting |
| 814 | redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the |
| 815 | ordinary General Public License). |
| 816 | |
| 817 | To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is |
| 818 | safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively |
| 819 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the |
| 820 | "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. |
| 821 | |
| 822 | <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.> |
| 823 | Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> |
| 824 | |
| 825 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or |
| 826 | modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public |
| 827 | License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either |
| 828 | version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. |
| 829 | |
| 830 | This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
| 831 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
| 832 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
| 833 | Library General Public License for more details. |
| 834 | |
| 835 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public |
| 836 | License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software |
| 837 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA |
| 838 | |
| 839 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. |
| 840 | |
| 841 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your |
| 842 | school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if |
| 843 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: |
| 844 | |
| 845 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the |
| 846 | library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker. |
| 847 | |
| 848 | <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990 |
| 849 | Ty Coon, President of Vice |
| 850 | |
| 851 | That's all there is to it! |