| .\" -*- nroff -*- |
| .\" Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995 by Theodore Ts'o. All Rights Reserved. |
| .\" This file may be copied under the terms of the GNU Public License. |
| .\" |
| .TH E2FSCK 8 "@E2FSPROGS_MONTH@ @E2FSPROGS_YEAR@" "E2fsprogs version @E2FSPROGS_VERSION@" |
| .SH NAME |
| e2fsck \- check a Linux second extended file system |
| .SH SYNOPSIS |
| .B e2fsck |
| [ |
| .B \-pacnyrdfvstFSV |
| ] |
| [ |
| .B \-b |
| .I superblock |
| ] |
| [ |
| .B \-B |
| .I blocksize |
| ] |
| [ |
| .B \-l|-L |
| .I bad_blocks_file |
| ] |
| [ |
| .B \-C |
| .I fd |
| ] |
| .I device |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| .B e2fsck |
| is used to check a Linux second extended file system. |
| .TP |
| .I device |
| is the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). |
| .SH OPTIONS |
| .TP |
| .I -a |
| This option does the same thing as the |
| .I -p |
| option. It is provided for backwards compatibility only; it is |
| suggested that people use |
| .I -p |
| option whenever possible. |
| .TP |
| .I -b superblock |
| Instead of using the normal superblock, use an alternative superblock |
| specified by |
| .IR superblock . This option is normally used when the primary superblock |
| has been corrupted; most filesystems have primary superblocks located at |
| blocks 8193, 16385, etc. If an alternative superblock is specified and |
| the filesystem is not opened read-only, e2fsck will make sure that the |
| primary superblock is updated appropriately upon completion of the |
| filesystem check. |
| .TP |
| .I -B blocksize |
| Normally, |
| .B e2fsck |
| will search for the superblock at various different |
| block sizes in an attempt to find the appropriate block size. |
| This search can be fooled in some cases. This option forces |
| .B e2fsck |
| to only try locating the superblock at a particular blocksize. |
| If the superblock is not found, |
| .B e2fsck |
| will terminate with a fatal error. |
| .TP |
| .I -c |
| This option causes |
| .B e2fsck |
| to run the |
| .BR badblocks (8) |
| program to find any blocks which are bad on the filesystem, |
| and then marks them as bad by adding them to the bad block inode. |
| .TP |
| .I -C |
| This option causes |
| .B e2fsck |
| to write completion information to the specified file descriptor |
| so that the progress of the filesystem |
| check can be monitored. This option is typically used by programs |
| which are running |
| .BR e2fsck . |
| If the file descriptor specified is 0, |
| .B e2fsck |
| will print a completion bar as it goes about its business. This requires |
| that e2fsck is running on a video console or terminal. |
| .TP |
| .I -d |
| Print debugging output (useless unless you are debugging |
| .BR e2fsck ). |
| .TP |
| .I -f |
| Force checking even if the file system seems clean. |
| .TP |
| .I -F |
| Flush the filesystem device's buffer caches before beginning. Only |
| really useful for doing |
| .B e2fsck |
| time trials. |
| .TP |
| .I -l filename |
| Add the blocks listed in the file specified by |
| .I filename |
| to the list of bad blocks. The format of this file is the same as the |
| one generated by the |
| .BR badblocks (8) |
| program. |
| .TP |
| .I -L filename |
| Set the bad blocks list to be the list of blocks specified by |
| .IR filename . |
| (This option is the same as the |
| .I -l |
| option, except the bad blocks list is cleared before the blocks listed |
| in the file are added to the bad blocks list.) |
| .TP |
| .I -n |
| Open the filesystem read-only, and assume an answer of ``no'' to all |
| questions. Allows |
| .B e2fsck |
| to be used non-interactively. (Note: if the |
| .IR -c , |
| .IR -l , |
| or |
| .I -L |
| options are specified in addition to the |
| .I -n |
| option, then the filesystem will be opened read-write, to permit the |
| bad-blocks list to be updated. However, no other changes will be made |
| to the filesystem.) |
| .TP |
| .I -p |
| Automatically repair ("preen") the file system without any questions. |
| .TP |
| .I -r |
| This option does nothing at all; it is provided only for backwards |
| compatibility. |
| .TP |
| .I -s |
| This option will byte-swap the filesystem so that it is using the normalized, |
| standard byte-order (which is i386 or little endian). If the filesystem is |
| already in the standard byte-order, |
| .B e2fsck |
| will take no action. |
| .TP |
| .I -S |
| This option will byte-swap the filesystem, regardless of its current |
| byte-order. |
| .TP |
| .I -t |
| Print timing statistics for |
| .BR e2fsck . |
| If this option is used twice, additional timing statistics are printed |
| on a pass by pass basis. |
| .TP |
| .I -v |
| Verbose mode. |
| .TP |
| .I -V |
| Print version information and exit. |
| .TP |
| .I -y |
| Assume an answer of ``yes'' to all questions; allows |
| .B e2fsck |
| to be used non-interactively. |
| .SH EXIT CODE |
| The exit code returned by |
| .B e2fsck |
| is the sum of the following conditions: |
| .br |
| \ 0\ \-\ No errors |
| .br |
| \ 1\ \-\ File system errors corrected |
| .br |
| \ 2\ \-\ File system errors corrected, system should |
| .br |
| \ \ \ \ be rebooted if file system was mounted |
| .br |
| \ 4\ \-\ File system errors left uncorrected |
| .br |
| \ 8\ \-\ Operational error |
| .br |
| \ 16\ \-\ Usage or syntax error |
| .br |
| \ 128\ \-\ Shared library error |
| .br |
| .SH SIGNALS |
| The following signals have the following effect when sent to |
| .BR e2fsck . |
| .TP |
| .B SIGUSR1 |
| This signal causes |
| .B e2fsck |
| to start displaying a completion bar. (See discussion of the |
| .I -C |
| option.) |
| .TP |
| .B SIGUSR2 |
| This signal causes |
| .B e2fsck |
| to stop displaying a completion bar. |
| .SH REPORTING BUGS |
| Almost any piece of software will have bugs. If you manage to find a |
| filesystem which causes |
| .B e2fsck |
| to crash, or which |
| .B e2fsck |
| is unable to repair, please report it to the author. |
| .PP |
| Please include as much information as possible in your bug report. |
| Ideally, include a complete transcript of the |
| .B e2fsck |
| run, so I can see exactly what error messages are displayed. If you |
| have a writeable filesystem where the transcript can be stored, the |
| .BR script (1) |
| program is a handy way to save the output of |
| .B e2fsck |
| to a file. |
| .PP |
| It is also useful to send the output of |
| .BR dumpe2fs (8). |
| If a specific inode or inodes seems to be giving |
| .B e2fsck |
| trouble, try running the |
| .BR debugfs (8) |
| command and send the output of the |
| .BR stat (1u) |
| command run on the relevant inode(s). If the inode is a directory, the |
| .B debugfs |
| .I dump |
| command will allow you to extract the contents of the directory inode, |
| which can sent to me after being first run through |
| .BR uuencode (1). |
| .PP |
| Always include the full version string which |
| .B e2fsck |
| displays when it is run, so I know which version you are running. |
| .SH AUTHOR |
| This version of |
| .B e2fsck |
| was written by Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>. |
| .SH SEE ALSO |
| .BR mke2fs (8), |
| .BR tune2fs (8), |
| .BR dumpe2fs (8), |
| .BR debugfs (8) |