fio.c - platform/external/fio - Gitiles

 /*
  * fio - the flexible io tester
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
  * Copyright (C) 2006 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
  *
  * The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
  * noted in the file itself.
  *
  *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  *  published by the Free Software Foundation.
  *
  *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  *  GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
  *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  *
  */
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <sys/ipc.h>
 #include <sys/shm.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>

 #include "fio.h"
 #include "os.h"

 static unsigned long page_mask;
 #define ALIGN(buf)	\
 	(char *) (((unsigned long) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)

 int groupid = 0;
 int thread_number = 0;
 int shm_id = 0;
 int temp_stall_ts;

 static volatile int startup_sem;
 static volatile int fio_abort;

 struct io_log *agg_io_log[2];

 #define TERMINATE_ALL		(-1)
 #define JOB_START_TIMEOUT	(5 * 1000)

 static inline void td_set_runstate(struct thread_data *td, int runstate)
 {
 	td->runstate = runstate;
 }

 static void terminate_threads(int group_id, int forced_kill)
 {
 	struct thread_data *td;
 	int i;

 	for_each_td(td, i) {
 		if (group_id == TERMINATE_ALL || groupid == td->groupid) {
 			td->terminate = 1;
 			td->start_delay = 0;
 			if (forced_kill)
 				td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
 		}
 	}
 }

 static void sig_handler(int sig)
 {
 	switch (sig) {
 		case SIGALRM:
 			update_io_ticks();
 			disk_util_timer_arm();
 			print_thread_status();
 			break;
 		default:
 			printf("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
 			fflush(stdout);
 			terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, 0);
 			break;
 	}
 }

 /*
  * Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
  */
 static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *now)
 {
 	unsigned long spent;
 	unsigned long rate;
 	int ddir = td->ddir;

 	/*
 	 * allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
 	 */
 	if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
 		return 0;

 	/*
 	 * if rate blocks is set, sample is running
 	 */
 	if (td->rate_bytes) {
 		spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate, now);
 		if (spent < td->ratecycle)
 			return 0;

 		rate = (td->this_io_bytes[ddir] - td->rate_bytes) / spent;
 		if (rate < td->ratemin) {
 			fprintf(f_out, "%s: min rate %u not met, got %luKiB/sec\n", td->name, td->ratemin, rate);
 			return 1;
 		}
 	}

 	td->rate_bytes = td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
 	memcpy(&td->lastrate, now, sizeof(*now));
 	return 0;
 }

 static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data *td, struct timeval *t)
 {
 	if (!td->timeout)
 		return 0;
 	if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->timeout * 1000)
 		return 1;

 	return 0;
 }

 static struct fio_file *get_next_file(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	unsigned int old_next_file = td->next_file;
 	struct fio_file *f;

 	do {
 		f = &td->files[td->next_file];

 		td->next_file++;
 		if (td->next_file >= td->nr_files)
 			td->next_file = 0;

 		if (f->fd != -1)
 			break;

 		f = NULL;
 	} while (td->next_file != old_next_file);

 	return f;
 }

 /*
  * When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
  * io. Attempt to do so.
  */
 static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0};
 	struct list_head *entry, *n;
 	struct io_completion_data icd;
 	struct io_u *io_u;
 	int r;

 	/*
 	 * get immediately available events, if any
 	 */
 	r = td_io_getevents(td, 0, td->cur_depth, &ts);
 	if (r > 0) {
 		icd.nr = r;
 		ios_completed(td, &icd);
 	}

 	/*
 	 * now cancel remaining active events
 	 */
 	if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
 		list_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_busylist) {
 			io_u = list_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);

 			r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
 			if (!r)
 				put_io_u(td, io_u);
 		}
 	}

 	if (td->cur_depth) {
 		r = td_io_getevents(td, td->cur_depth, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 		if (r > 0) {
 			icd.nr = r;
 			ios_completed(td, &icd);
 		}
 	}
 }

 /*
  * Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
  * io path, just does everything sync.
  */
 static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data *td, struct fio_file *f)
 {
 	struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 	struct io_completion_data icd;
 	int ret;

 	if (!io_u)
 		return 1;

 	io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
 	io_u->file = f;

 	if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 		put_io_u(td, io_u);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 	if (ret) {
 		td_verror(td, io_u->error);
 		put_io_u(td, io_u);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	ret = td_io_getevents(td, 1, td->cur_depth, NULL);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		td_verror(td, ret);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	icd.nr = ret;
 	ios_completed(td, &icd);
 	if (icd.error) {
 		td_verror(td, icd.error);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	return 0;
 }

 /*
  * The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previusly submitted,
  * reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
  */
 static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct io_u *io_u, *v_io_u = NULL;
 	struct io_completion_data icd;
 	struct fio_file *f;
 	int ret, i;

 	/*
 	 * sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
 	 * read from disk.
 	 */
 	for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 		fio_io_sync(td, f);
 		file_invalidate_cache(td, f);
 	}

 	td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);

 	do {
 		if (td->terminate)
 			break;

 		io_u = __get_io_u(td);
 		if (!io_u)
 			break;

 		if (runtime_exceeded(td, &io_u->start_time)) {
 			put_io_u(td, io_u);
 			break;
 		}

 		if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
 			put_io_u(td, io_u);
 			break;
 		}

 		f = get_next_file(td);
 		if (!f)
 			break;

 		io_u->file = f;

 		if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
 			put_io_u(td, io_u);
 			break;
 		}

 		ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 		if (ret) {
 			td_verror(td, io_u->error);
 			put_io_u(td, io_u);
 			break;
 		}

 		/*
 		 * we have one pending to verify, do that while
 		 * we are doing io on the next one
 		 */
 		if (do_io_u_verify(td, &v_io_u))
 			break;

 		ret = td_io_getevents(td, 1, 1, NULL);
 		if (ret != 1) {
 			if (ret < 0)
 				td_verror(td, ret);
 			break;
 		}

 		v_io_u = td->io_ops->event(td, 0);
 		icd.nr = 1;
 		icd.error = 0;
 		fio_gettime(&icd.time, NULL);
 		io_completed(td, v_io_u, &icd);

 		if (icd.error) {
 			td_verror(td, icd.error);
 			put_io_u(td, v_io_u);
 			v_io_u = NULL;
 			break;
 		}

 		/*
 		 * if we can't submit more io, we need to verify now
 		 */
 		if (queue_full(td) && do_io_u_verify(td, &v_io_u))
 			break;

 	} while (1);

 	do_io_u_verify(td, &v_io_u);

 	if (td->cur_depth)
 		cleanup_pending_aio(td);

 	td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 }

 /*
  * Not really an io thread, all it does is burn CPU cycles in the specified
  * manner.
  */
 static void do_cpuio(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct timeval e;
 	int split = 100 / td->cpuload;
 	int i = 0;

 	while (!td->terminate) {
 		fio_gettime(&e, NULL);

 		if (runtime_exceeded(td, &e))
 			break;

 		if (!(i % split))
 			__usec_sleep(10000);
 		else
 			usec_sleep(td, 10000);

 		i++;
 	}
 }

 /*
  * Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
  * and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
  */
 static void do_io(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct io_completion_data icd;
 	struct timeval s;
 	unsigned long usec;
 	struct fio_file *f;
 	int i, ret = 0;

 	td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);

 	while (td->this_io_bytes[td->ddir] < td->io_size) {
 		struct timespec *timeout;
 		int min_evts = 0;
 		struct io_u *io_u;

 		if (td->terminate)
 			break;

 		f = get_next_file(td);
 		if (!f)
 			break;

 		io_u = get_io_u(td, f);
 		if (!io_u)
 			break;

 		memcpy(&s, &io_u->start_time, sizeof(s));

 requeue:
 		ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
 		if (ret) {
 			if (ret > 0 && (io_u->xfer_buflen != io_u->resid) &&
 			    io_u->resid) {
 				/*
 				 * short read/write. requeue.
 				 */
 				io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
 				io_u->xfer_buf += ret;
 				goto requeue;
 			} else {
 				td_verror(td, io_u->error);
 				put_io_u(td, io_u);
 				break;
 			}
 		}

 		add_slat_sample(td, io_u->ddir, mtime_since(&io_u->start_time, &io_u->issue_time));

 		if (td->cur_depth < td->iodepth) {
 			struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0};

 			timeout = &ts;
 			min_evts = 0;
 		} else {
 			timeout = NULL;
 			min_evts = 1;
 		}

 		ret = td_io_getevents(td, min_evts, td->cur_depth, timeout);
 		if (ret < 0) {
 			td_verror(td, ret);
 			break;
 		} else if (!ret)
 			continue;

 		icd.nr = ret;
 		ios_completed(td, &icd);
 		if (icd.error) {
 			td_verror(td, icd.error);
 			break;
 		}

 		/*
 		 * the rate is batched for now, it should work for batches
 		 * of completions except the very first one which may look
 		 * a little bursty
 		 */
 		usec = utime_since(&s, &icd.time);

 		rate_throttle(td, usec, icd.bytes_done[td->ddir], td->ddir);

 		if (check_min_rate(td, &icd.time)) {
 			if (exitall_on_terminate)
 				terminate_threads(td->groupid, 0);
 			td_verror(td, ENODATA);
 			break;
 		}

 		if (runtime_exceeded(td, &icd.time))
 			break;

 		if (td->thinktime) {
 			unsigned long long b;

 			b = td->io_blocks[0] + td->io_blocks[1];
 			if (!(b % td->thinktime_blocks))
 				usec_sleep(td, td->thinktime);
 		}
 	}

 	if (!td->error) {
 		if (td->cur_depth)
 			cleanup_pending_aio(td);

 		if (should_fsync(td) && td->end_fsync) {
 			td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
 			for_each_file(td, f, i)
 				fio_io_sync(td, f);
 		}
 	}
 }

 static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct list_head *entry, *n;
 	struct io_u *io_u;

 	list_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_freelist) {
 		io_u = list_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);

 		list_del(&io_u->list);
 		free(io_u);
 	}

 	free_io_mem(td);
 }

 /*
  * "randomly" fill the buffer contents
  */
 static void fill_rand_buf(struct io_u *io_u, int max_bs)
 {
 	int *ptr = io_u->buf;

 	while ((void *) ptr - io_u->buf < max_bs) {
 		*ptr = rand() * 0x9e370001;
 		ptr++;
 	}
 }

 static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct io_u *io_u;
 	unsigned int max_bs;
 	int i, max_units;
 	char *p;

 	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
 		return 0;

 	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_SYNCIO)
 		max_units = 1;
 	else
 		max_units = td->iodepth;

 	max_bs = max(td->max_bs[DDIR_READ], td->max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]);
 	td->orig_buffer_size = max_bs * max_units;

 	if (td->mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE || td->mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE)
 		td->orig_buffer_size = (td->orig_buffer_size + td->hugepage_size - 1) & ~(td->hugepage_size - 1);
 	else
 		td->orig_buffer_size += page_mask;

 	if (allocate_io_mem(td))
 		return 1;

 	p = ALIGN(td->orig_buffer);
 	for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
 		io_u = malloc(sizeof(*io_u));
 		memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&io_u->list);

 		io_u->buf = p + max_bs * i;
 		if (td_write(td) || td_rw(td))
 			fill_rand_buf(io_u, max_bs);

 		io_u->index = i;
 		list_add(&io_u->list, &td->io_u_freelist);
 	}

 	return 0;
 }

 static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
 	FILE *f;
 	int ret;

 	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
 		return 0;

 	sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);

 	f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
 	if (!f) {
 		td_verror(td, errno);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	/*
 	 * Set io scheduler.
 	 */
 	ret = fwrite(td->ioscheduler, strlen(td->ioscheduler), 1, f);
 	if (ferror(f) || ret != 1) {
 		td_verror(td, errno);
 		fclose(f);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	rewind(f);

 	/*
 	 * Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
 	 */
 	ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
 	if (ferror(f) || ret < 0) {
 		td_verror(td, errno);
 		fclose(f);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->ioscheduler);
 	if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
 		log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->ioscheduler);
 		td_verror(td, EINVAL);
 		fclose(f);
 		return 1;
 	}

 	fclose(f);
 	return 0;
 }

 static void clear_io_state(struct thread_data *td)
 {
 	struct fio_file *f;
 	int i;

 	td->stat_io_bytes[0] = td->stat_io_bytes[1] = 0;
 	td->this_io_bytes[0] = td->this_io_bytes[1] = 0;
 	td->zone_bytes = 0;

 	for_each_file(td, f, i) {
 		f->last_pos = 0;
 		if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_SYNCIO)
 			lseek(f->fd, SEEK_SET, 0);

 		if (f->file_map)
 			memset(f->file_map, 0, f->num_maps * sizeof(long));
 	}
 }

 /*
  * Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
  * here as well, after a little setup.
  */
 static void *thread_main(void *data)
 {
 	unsigned long long runtime[2];
 	struct thread_data *td = data;

 	if (!td->use_thread)
 		setsid();

 	td->pid = getpid();

 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_freelist);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_busylist);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);

 	if (init_io_u(td))
 		goto err;

 	if (fio_setaffinity(td) == -1) {
 		td_verror(td, errno);
 		goto err;
 	}

 	if (init_iolog(td))
 		goto err;

 	if (td->ioprio) {
 		if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, td->ioprio) == -1) {
 			td_verror(td, errno);
 			goto err;
 		}
 	}

 	if (nice(td->nice) == -1) {
 		td_verror(td, errno);
 		goto err;
 	}

 	if (init_random_state(td))
 		goto err;

 	if (td->ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
 		goto err;

 	td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
 	fio_sem_up(&startup_sem);
 	fio_sem_down(&td->mutex);

 	if (!td->create_serialize && setup_files(td))
 		goto err;
 	if (open_files(td))
 		goto err;

 	/*
 	 * Do this late, as some IO engines would like to have the
 	 * files setup prior to initializing structures.
 	 */
 	if (td_io_init(td))
 		goto err;

 	if (td->exec_prerun) {
 		if (system(td->exec_prerun) < 0)
 			goto err;
 	}

 	fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
 	getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ru_start);

 	runtime[0] = runtime[1] = 0;
 	while (td->loops--) {
 		fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
 		memcpy(&td->stat_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));

 		if (td->ratemin)
 			memcpy(&td->lastrate, &td->stat_sample_time, sizeof(td->lastrate));

 		clear_io_state(td);
 		prune_io_piece_log(td);

 		if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
 			do_cpuio(td);
 		else
 			do_io(td);

 		runtime[td->ddir] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
 		if (td_rw(td) && td->io_bytes[td->ddir ^ 1])
 			runtime[td->ddir ^ 1] = runtime[td->ddir];

 		if (td->error || td->terminate)
 			break;

 		if (td->verify == VERIFY_NONE)
 			continue;

 		clear_io_state(td);
 		fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);

 		do_verify(td);

 		runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);

 		if (td->error || td->terminate)
 			break;
 	}

 	update_rusage_stat(td);
 	fio_gettime(&td->end_time, NULL);
 	td->runtime[0] = runtime[0] / 1000;
 	td->runtime[1] = runtime[1] / 1000;

 	if (td->bw_log)
 		finish_log(td, td->bw_log, "bw");
 	if (td->slat_log)
 		finish_log(td, td->slat_log, "slat");
 	if (td->clat_log)
 		finish_log(td, td->clat_log, "clat");
 	if (td->write_iolog_file)
 		write_iolog_close(td);
 	if (td->exec_postrun) {
 		if (system(td->exec_postrun) < 0)
 			log_err("fio: postrun %s failed\n", td->exec_postrun);
 	}

 	if (exitall_on_terminate)
 		terminate_threads(td->groupid, 0);

 err:
 	close_files(td);
 	close_ioengine(td);
 	cleanup_io_u(td);
 	td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
 	return NULL;

 }

 /*
  * We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
  * pass it to the thread worker.
  */
 static void *fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
 {
 	struct thread_data *td;
 	void *data;

 	data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
 	if (data == (void *) -1) {
 		perror("shmat");
 		return NULL;
 	}

 	td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
 	thread_main(td);
 	shmdt(data);
 	return NULL;
 }

 /*
  * Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
  */
 static void reap_threads(int *nr_running, int *t_rate, int *m_rate)
 {
 	struct thread_data *td;
 	int i, cputhreads, pending;

 	/*
 	 * reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
 	 */
 	pending = cputhreads = 0;
 	for_each_td(td, i) {
 		/*
 		 * ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
 		 * io engine
 		 */
 		if (td->io_ops && td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
 			cputhreads++;

 		if (td->runstate != TD_EXITED) {
 			if (td->runstate < TD_RUNNING)
 				pending++;

 			continue;
 		}

 		td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);

 		if (td->use_thread) {
 			long ret;

 			if (pthread_join(td->thread, (void *) &ret))
 				perror("thread_join");
 		} else
 			waitpid(td->pid, NULL, 0);

 		(*nr_running)--;
 		(*m_rate) -= td->ratemin;
 		(*t_rate) -= td->rate;
 	}

 	if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending)
 		terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, 0);
 }

 /*
  * Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
  */
 static void run_threads(void)
 {
 	struct thread_data *td;
 	unsigned long spent;
 	int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;

 	if (fio_pin_memory())
 		return;

 	if (!terse_output) {
 		printf("Starting %d thread%s\n", thread_number, thread_number > 1 ? "s" : "");
 		fflush(stdout);
 	}

 	signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
 	signal(SIGALRM, sig_handler);

 	todo = thread_number;
 	nr_running = 0;
 	nr_started = 0;
 	m_rate = t_rate = 0;

 	for_each_td(td, i) {
 		print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);

 		if (!td->create_serialize) {
 			init_disk_util(td);
 			continue;
 		}

 		/*
 		 * do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
 		 * we don't want X number of threads getting their
 		 * client data interspersed on disk
 		 */
 		if (setup_files(td)) {
 			td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
 			todo--;
 		}

 		init_disk_util(td);
 	}

 	while (todo) {
 		struct thread_data *map[MAX_JOBS];
 		struct timeval this_start;
 		int this_jobs = 0, left;

 		/*
 		 * create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
 		 */
 		for_each_td(td, i) {
 			if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
 				continue;

 			/*
 			 * never got a chance to start, killed by other
 			 * thread for some reason
 			 */
 			if (td->terminate) {
 				todo--;
 				continue;
 			}

 			if (td->start_delay) {
 				spent = mtime_since_genesis();

 				if (td->start_delay * 1000 > spent)
 					continue;
 			}

 			if (td->stonewall && (nr_started || nr_running))
 				break;

 			/*
 			 * Set state to created. Thread will transition
 			 * to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
 			 */
 			td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
 			map[this_jobs++] = td;
 			fio_sem_init(&startup_sem, 1);
 			nr_started++;

 			if (td->use_thread) {
 				if (pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL, thread_main, td)) {
 					perror("thread_create");
 					nr_started--;
 				}
 			} else {
 				if (fork())
 					fio_sem_down(&startup_sem);
 				else {
 					fork_main(shm_id, i);
 					exit(0);
 				}
 			}
 		}

 		/*
 		 * Wait for the started threads to transition to
 		 * TD_INITIALIZED.
 		 */
 		fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
 		left = this_jobs;
 		while (left && !fio_abort) {
 			if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
 				break;

 			usleep(100000);

 			for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
 				td = map[i];
 				if (!td)
 					continue;
 				if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
 					map[i] = NULL;
 					left--;
 				} else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
 					map[i] = NULL;
 					left--;
 					todo--;
 					nr_running++; /* work-around... */
 				}
 			}
 		}

 		if (left) {
 			log_err("fio: %d jobs failed to start\n", left);
 			for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
 				td = map[i];
 				if (!td)
 					continue;
 				kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
 			}
 			break;
 		}

 		/*
 		 * start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
 		 */
 		for_each_td(td, i) {
 			if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
 				continue;

 			td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
 			nr_running++;
 			nr_started--;
 			m_rate += td->ratemin;
 			t_rate += td->rate;
 			todo--;
 			fio_sem_up(&td->mutex);
 		}

 		reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);

 		if (todo)
 			usleep(100000);
 	}

 	while (nr_running) {
 		reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
 		usleep(10000);
 	}

 	update_io_ticks();
 	fio_unpin_memory();
 }

 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	long ps;

 	if (parse_options(argc, argv))
 		return 1;

 	if (!thread_number) {
 		log_err("Nothing to do\n");
 		return 1;
 	}

 	ps = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
 	if (ps < 0) {
 		log_err("Failed to get page size\n");
 		return 1;
 	}

 	page_mask = ps - 1;

 	if (write_bw_log) {
 		setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ]);
 		setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE]);
 	}

 	disk_util_timer_arm();

 	run_threads();

 	if (!fio_abort) {
 		show_run_stats();
 		if (write_bw_log) {
 			__finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ],"agg-read_bw.log");
 			__finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],"agg-write_bw.log");
 		}
 	}

 	return 0;
 }
	/*
	* fio - the flexible io tester
	*
	* Copyright (C) 2005 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
	* Copyright (C) 2006 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
	*
	* The license below covers all files distributed with fio unless otherwise
	* noted in the file itself.
	*
	* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
	* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation.
	*
	* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	* GNU General Public License for more details.
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
	*
	*/
	#include <unistd.h>
	#include <fcntl.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <signal.h>
	#include <time.h>
	#include <assert.h>
	#include <sys/stat.h>
	#include <sys/wait.h>
	#include <sys/ipc.h>
	#include <sys/shm.h>
	#include <sys/ioctl.h>
	#include <sys/mman.h>

	#include "fio.h"
	#include "os.h"

	static unsigned long page_mask;
	#define ALIGN(buf) \
	(char *) (((unsigned long) (buf) + page_mask) & ~page_mask)

	int groupid = 0;
	int thread_number = 0;
	int shm_id = 0;
	int temp_stall_ts;

	static volatile int startup_sem;
	static volatile int fio_abort;

	struct io_log *agg_io_log[2];

	#define TERMINATE_ALL (-1)
	#define JOB_START_TIMEOUT (5 * 1000)

	static inline void td_set_runstate(struct thread_data *td, int runstate)
	{
	td->runstate = runstate;
	}

	static void terminate_threads(int group_id, int forced_kill)
	{
	struct thread_data *td;
	int i;

	for_each_td(td, i) {
	if (group_id == TERMINATE_ALL \|\| groupid == td->groupid) {
	td->terminate = 1;
	td->start_delay = 0;
	if (forced_kill)
	td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
	}
	}
	}

	static void sig_handler(int sig)
	{
	switch (sig) {
	case SIGALRM:
	update_io_ticks();
	disk_util_timer_arm();
	print_thread_status();
	break;
	default:
	printf("\nfio: terminating on signal %d\n", sig);
	fflush(stdout);
	terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, 0);
	break;
	}
	}

	/*
	* Check if we are above the minimum rate given.
	*/
	static int check_min_rate(struct thread_data td, struct timeval now)
	{
	unsigned long spent;
	unsigned long rate;
	int ddir = td->ddir;

	/*
	* allow a 2 second settle period in the beginning
	*/
	if (mtime_since(&td->start, now) < 2000)
	return 0;

	/*
	* if rate blocks is set, sample is running
	*/
	if (td->rate_bytes) {
	spent = mtime_since(&td->lastrate, now);
	if (spent < td->ratecycle)
	return 0;

	rate = (td->this_io_bytes[ddir] - td->rate_bytes) / spent;
	if (rate < td->ratemin) {
	fprintf(f_out, "%s: min rate %u not met, got %luKiB/sec\n", td->name, td->ratemin, rate);
	return 1;
	}
	}

	td->rate_bytes = td->this_io_bytes[ddir];
	memcpy(&td->lastrate, now, sizeof(*now));
	return 0;
	}

	static inline int runtime_exceeded(struct thread_data td, struct timeval t)
	{
	if (!td->timeout)
	return 0;
	if (mtime_since(&td->epoch, t) >= td->timeout * 1000)
	return 1;

	return 0;
	}

	static struct fio_file get_next_file(struct thread_data td)
	{
	unsigned int old_next_file = td->next_file;
	struct fio_file *f;

	do {
	f = &td->files[td->next_file];

	td->next_file++;
	if (td->next_file >= td->nr_files)
	td->next_file = 0;

	if (f->fd != -1)
	break;

	f = NULL;
	} while (td->next_file != old_next_file);

	return f;
	}

	/*
	* When job exits, we can cancel the in-flight IO if we are using async
	* io. Attempt to do so.
	*/
	static void cleanup_pending_aio(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0};
	struct list_head entry, n;
	struct io_completion_data icd;
	struct io_u *io_u;
	int r;

	/*
	* get immediately available events, if any
	*/
	r = td_io_getevents(td, 0, td->cur_depth, &ts);
	if (r > 0) {
	icd.nr = r;
	ios_completed(td, &icd);
	}

	/*
	* now cancel remaining active events
	*/
	if (td->io_ops->cancel) {
	list_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_busylist) {
	io_u = list_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);

	r = td->io_ops->cancel(td, io_u);
	if (!r)
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	}
	}

	if (td->cur_depth) {
	r = td_io_getevents(td, td->cur_depth, td->cur_depth, NULL);
	if (r > 0) {
	icd.nr = r;
	ios_completed(td, &icd);
	}
	}
	}

	/*
	* Helper to handle the final sync of a file. Works just like the normal
	* io path, just does everything sync.
	*/
	static int fio_io_sync(struct thread_data td, struct fio_file f)
	{
	struct io_u *io_u = __get_io_u(td);
	struct io_completion_data icd;
	int ret;

	if (!io_u)
	return 1;

	io_u->ddir = DDIR_SYNC;
	io_u->file = f;

	if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	return 1;
	}

	ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
	if (ret) {
	td_verror(td, io_u->error);
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	return 1;
	}

	ret = td_io_getevents(td, 1, td->cur_depth, NULL);
	if (ret < 0) {
	td_verror(td, ret);
	return 1;
	}

	icd.nr = ret;
	ios_completed(td, &icd);
	if (icd.error) {
	td_verror(td, icd.error);
	return 1;
	}

	return 0;
	}

	/*
	* The main verify engine. Runs over the writes we previusly submitted,
	* reads the blocks back in, and checks the crc/md5 of the data.
	*/
	static void do_verify(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	struct io_u io_u, v_io_u = NULL;
	struct io_completion_data icd;
	struct fio_file *f;
	int ret, i;

	/*
	* sync io first and invalidate cache, to make sure we really
	* read from disk.
	*/
	for_each_file(td, f, i) {
	fio_io_sync(td, f);
	file_invalidate_cache(td, f);
	}

	td_set_runstate(td, TD_VERIFYING);

	do {
	if (td->terminate)
	break;

	io_u = __get_io_u(td);
	if (!io_u)
	break;

	if (runtime_exceeded(td, &io_u->start_time)) {
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	break;
	}

	if (get_next_verify(td, io_u)) {
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	break;
	}

	f = get_next_file(td);
	if (!f)
	break;

	io_u->file = f;

	if (td_io_prep(td, io_u)) {
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	break;
	}

	ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
	if (ret) {
	td_verror(td, io_u->error);
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	break;
	}

	/*
	* we have one pending to verify, do that while
	* we are doing io on the next one
	*/
	if (do_io_u_verify(td, &v_io_u))
	break;

	ret = td_io_getevents(td, 1, 1, NULL);
	if (ret != 1) {
	if (ret < 0)
	td_verror(td, ret);
	break;
	}

	v_io_u = td->io_ops->event(td, 0);
	icd.nr = 1;
	icd.error = 0;
	fio_gettime(&icd.time, NULL);
	io_completed(td, v_io_u, &icd);

	if (icd.error) {
	td_verror(td, icd.error);
	put_io_u(td, v_io_u);
	v_io_u = NULL;
	break;
	}

	/*
	* if we can't submit more io, we need to verify now
	*/
	if (queue_full(td) && do_io_u_verify(td, &v_io_u))
	break;

	} while (1);

	do_io_u_verify(td, &v_io_u);

	if (td->cur_depth)
	cleanup_pending_aio(td);

	td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
	}

	/*
	* Not really an io thread, all it does is burn CPU cycles in the specified
	* manner.
	*/
	static void do_cpuio(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	struct timeval e;
	int split = 100 / td->cpuload;
	int i = 0;

	while (!td->terminate) {
	fio_gettime(&e, NULL);

	if (runtime_exceeded(td, &e))
	break;

	if (!(i % split))
	__usec_sleep(10000);
	else
	usec_sleep(td, 10000);

	i++;
	}
	}

	/*
	* Main IO worker function. It retrieves io_u's to process and queues
	* and reaps them, checking for rate and errors along the way.
	*/
	static void do_io(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	struct io_completion_data icd;
	struct timeval s;
	unsigned long usec;
	struct fio_file *f;
	int i, ret = 0;

	td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);

	while (td->this_io_bytes[td->ddir] < td->io_size) {
	struct timespec *timeout;
	int min_evts = 0;
	struct io_u *io_u;

	if (td->terminate)
	break;

	f = get_next_file(td);
	if (!f)
	break;

	io_u = get_io_u(td, f);
	if (!io_u)
	break;

	memcpy(&s, &io_u->start_time, sizeof(s));

	requeue:
	ret = td_io_queue(td, io_u);
	if (ret) {
	if (ret > 0 && (io_u->xfer_buflen != io_u->resid) &&
	io_u->resid) {
	/*
	* short read/write. requeue.
	*/
	io_u->xfer_buflen = io_u->resid;
	io_u->xfer_buf += ret;
	goto requeue;
	} else {
	td_verror(td, io_u->error);
	put_io_u(td, io_u);
	break;
	}
	}

	add_slat_sample(td, io_u->ddir, mtime_since(&io_u->start_time, &io_u->issue_time));

	if (td->cur_depth < td->iodepth) {
	struct timespec ts = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0};

	timeout = &ts;
	min_evts = 0;
	} else {
	timeout = NULL;
	min_evts = 1;
	}

	ret = td_io_getevents(td, min_evts, td->cur_depth, timeout);
	if (ret < 0) {
	td_verror(td, ret);
	break;
	} else if (!ret)
	continue;

	icd.nr = ret;
	ios_completed(td, &icd);
	if (icd.error) {
	td_verror(td, icd.error);
	break;
	}

	/*
	* the rate is batched for now, it should work for batches
	* of completions except the very first one which may look
	* a little bursty
	*/
	usec = utime_since(&s, &icd.time);

	rate_throttle(td, usec, icd.bytes_done[td->ddir], td->ddir);

	if (check_min_rate(td, &icd.time)) {
	if (exitall_on_terminate)
	terminate_threads(td->groupid, 0);
	td_verror(td, ENODATA);
	break;
	}

	if (runtime_exceeded(td, &icd.time))
	break;

	if (td->thinktime) {
	unsigned long long b;

	b = td->io_blocks[0] + td->io_blocks[1];
	if (!(b % td->thinktime_blocks))
	usec_sleep(td, td->thinktime);
	}
	}

	if (!td->error) {
	if (td->cur_depth)
	cleanup_pending_aio(td);

	if (should_fsync(td) && td->end_fsync) {
	td_set_runstate(td, TD_FSYNCING);
	for_each_file(td, f, i)
	fio_io_sync(td, f);
	}
	}
	}

	static void cleanup_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	struct list_head entry, n;
	struct io_u *io_u;

	list_for_each_safe(entry, n, &td->io_u_freelist) {
	io_u = list_entry(entry, struct io_u, list);

	list_del(&io_u->list);
	free(io_u);
	}

	free_io_mem(td);
	}

	/*
	* "randomly" fill the buffer contents
	*/
	static void fill_rand_buf(struct io_u *io_u, int max_bs)
	{
	int *ptr = io_u->buf;

	while ((void *) ptr - io_u->buf < max_bs) {
	ptr = rand() 0x9e370001;
	ptr++;
	}
	}

	static int init_io_u(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	struct io_u *io_u;
	unsigned int max_bs;
	int i, max_units;
	char *p;

	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
	return 0;

	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_SYNCIO)
	max_units = 1;
	else
	max_units = td->iodepth;

	max_bs = max(td->max_bs[DDIR_READ], td->max_bs[DDIR_WRITE]);
	td->orig_buffer_size = max_bs * max_units;

	if (td->mem_type == MEM_SHMHUGE \|\| td->mem_type == MEM_MMAPHUGE)
	td->orig_buffer_size = (td->orig_buffer_size + td->hugepage_size - 1) & ~(td->hugepage_size - 1);
	else
	td->orig_buffer_size += page_mask;

	if (allocate_io_mem(td))
	return 1;

	p = ALIGN(td->orig_buffer);
	for (i = 0; i < max_units; i++) {
	io_u = malloc(sizeof(*io_u));
	memset(io_u, 0, sizeof(*io_u));
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&io_u->list);

	io_u->buf = p + max_bs * i;
	if (td_write(td) \|\| td_rw(td))
	fill_rand_buf(io_u, max_bs);

	io_u->index = i;
	list_add(&io_u->list, &td->io_u_freelist);
	}

	return 0;
	}

	static int switch_ioscheduler(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	char tmp[256], tmp2[128];
	FILE *f;
	int ret;

	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
	return 0;

	sprintf(tmp, "%s/queue/scheduler", td->sysfs_root);

	f = fopen(tmp, "r+");
	if (!f) {
	td_verror(td, errno);
	return 1;
	}

	/*
	* Set io scheduler.
	*/
	ret = fwrite(td->ioscheduler, strlen(td->ioscheduler), 1, f);
	if (ferror(f) \|\| ret != 1) {
	td_verror(td, errno);
	fclose(f);
	return 1;
	}

	rewind(f);

	/*
	* Read back and check that the selected scheduler is now the default.
	*/
	ret = fread(tmp, 1, sizeof(tmp), f);
	if (ferror(f) \|\| ret < 0) {
	td_verror(td, errno);
	fclose(f);
	return 1;
	}

	sprintf(tmp2, "[%s]", td->ioscheduler);
	if (!strstr(tmp, tmp2)) {
	log_err("fio: io scheduler %s not found\n", td->ioscheduler);
	td_verror(td, EINVAL);
	fclose(f);
	return 1;
	}

	fclose(f);
	return 0;
	}

	static void clear_io_state(struct thread_data *td)
	{
	struct fio_file *f;
	int i;

	td->stat_io_bytes[0] = td->stat_io_bytes[1] = 0;
	td->this_io_bytes[0] = td->this_io_bytes[1] = 0;
	td->zone_bytes = 0;

	for_each_file(td, f, i) {
	f->last_pos = 0;
	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_SYNCIO)
	lseek(f->fd, SEEK_SET, 0);

	if (f->file_map)
	memset(f->file_map, 0, f->num_maps * sizeof(long));
	}
	}

	/*
	* Entry point for the thread based jobs. The process based jobs end up
	* here as well, after a little setup.
	*/
	static void thread_main(void data)
	{
	unsigned long long runtime[2];
	struct thread_data *td = data;

	if (!td->use_thread)
	setsid();

	td->pid = getpid();

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_freelist);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_u_busylist);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_hist_list);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&td->io_log_list);

	if (init_io_u(td))
	goto err;

	if (fio_setaffinity(td) == -1) {
	td_verror(td, errno);
	goto err;
	}

	if (init_iolog(td))
	goto err;

	if (td->ioprio) {
	if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, td->ioprio) == -1) {
	td_verror(td, errno);
	goto err;
	}
	}

	if (nice(td->nice) == -1) {
	td_verror(td, errno);
	goto err;
	}

	if (init_random_state(td))
	goto err;

	if (td->ioscheduler && switch_ioscheduler(td))
	goto err;

	td_set_runstate(td, TD_INITIALIZED);
	fio_sem_up(&startup_sem);
	fio_sem_down(&td->mutex);

	if (!td->create_serialize && setup_files(td))
	goto err;
	if (open_files(td))
	goto err;

	/*
	* Do this late, as some IO engines would like to have the
	* files setup prior to initializing structures.
	*/
	if (td_io_init(td))
	goto err;

	if (td->exec_prerun) {
	if (system(td->exec_prerun) < 0)
	goto err;
	}

	fio_gettime(&td->epoch, NULL);
	getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &td->ru_start);

	runtime[0] = runtime[1] = 0;
	while (td->loops--) {
	fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);
	memcpy(&td->stat_sample_time, &td->start, sizeof(td->start));

	if (td->ratemin)
	memcpy(&td->lastrate, &td->stat_sample_time, sizeof(td->lastrate));

	clear_io_state(td);
	prune_io_piece_log(td);

	if (td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
	do_cpuio(td);
	else
	do_io(td);

	runtime[td->ddir] += utime_since_now(&td->start);
	if (td_rw(td) && td->io_bytes[td->ddir ^ 1])
	runtime[td->ddir ^ 1] = runtime[td->ddir];

	if (td->error \|\| td->terminate)
	break;

	if (td->verify == VERIFY_NONE)
	continue;

	clear_io_state(td);
	fio_gettime(&td->start, NULL);

	do_verify(td);

	runtime[DDIR_READ] += utime_since_now(&td->start);

	if (td->error \|\| td->terminate)
	break;
	}

	update_rusage_stat(td);
	fio_gettime(&td->end_time, NULL);
	td->runtime[0] = runtime[0] / 1000;
	td->runtime[1] = runtime[1] / 1000;

	if (td->bw_log)
	finish_log(td, td->bw_log, "bw");
	if (td->slat_log)
	finish_log(td, td->slat_log, "slat");
	if (td->clat_log)
	finish_log(td, td->clat_log, "clat");
	if (td->write_iolog_file)
	write_iolog_close(td);
	if (td->exec_postrun) {
	if (system(td->exec_postrun) < 0)
	log_err("fio: postrun %s failed\n", td->exec_postrun);
	}

	if (exitall_on_terminate)
	terminate_threads(td->groupid, 0);

	err:
	close_files(td);
	close_ioengine(td);
	cleanup_io_u(td);
	td_set_runstate(td, TD_EXITED);
	return NULL;

	}

	/*
	* We cannot pass the td data into a forked process, so attach the td and
	* pass it to the thread worker.
	*/
	static void *fork_main(int shmid, int offset)
	{
	struct thread_data *td;
	void *data;

	data = shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
	if (data == (void *) -1) {
	perror("shmat");
	return NULL;
	}

	td = data + offset * sizeof(struct thread_data);
	thread_main(td);
	shmdt(data);
	return NULL;
	}

	/*
	* Run over the job map and reap the threads that have exited, if any.
	*/
	static void reap_threads(int nr_running, int t_rate, int *m_rate)
	{
	struct thread_data *td;
	int i, cputhreads, pending;

	/*
	* reap exited threads (TD_EXITED -> TD_REAPED)
	*/
	pending = cputhreads = 0;
	for_each_td(td, i) {
	/*
	* ->io_ops is NULL for a thread that has closed its
	* io engine
	*/
	if (td->io_ops && td->io_ops->flags & FIO_CPUIO)
	cputhreads++;

	if (td->runstate != TD_EXITED) {
	if (td->runstate < TD_RUNNING)
	pending++;

	continue;
	}

	td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);

	if (td->use_thread) {
	long ret;

	if (pthread_join(td->thread, (void *) &ret))
	perror("thread_join");
	} else
	waitpid(td->pid, NULL, 0);

	(*nr_running)--;
	(*m_rate) -= td->ratemin;
	(*t_rate) -= td->rate;
	}

	if (*nr_running == cputhreads && !pending)
	terminate_threads(TERMINATE_ALL, 0);
	}

	/*
	* Main function for kicking off and reaping jobs, as needed.
	*/
	static void run_threads(void)
	{
	struct thread_data *td;
	unsigned long spent;
	int i, todo, nr_running, m_rate, t_rate, nr_started;

	if (fio_pin_memory())
	return;

	if (!terse_output) {
	printf("Starting %d thread%s\n", thread_number, thread_number > 1 ? "s" : "");
	fflush(stdout);
	}

	signal(SIGINT, sig_handler);
	signal(SIGALRM, sig_handler);

	todo = thread_number;
	nr_running = 0;
	nr_started = 0;
	m_rate = t_rate = 0;

	for_each_td(td, i) {
	print_status_init(td->thread_number - 1);

	if (!td->create_serialize) {
	init_disk_util(td);
	continue;
	}

	/*
	* do file setup here so it happens sequentially,
	* we don't want X number of threads getting their
	* client data interspersed on disk
	*/
	if (setup_files(td)) {
	td_set_runstate(td, TD_REAPED);
	todo--;
	}

	init_disk_util(td);
	}

	while (todo) {
	struct thread_data *map[MAX_JOBS];
	struct timeval this_start;
	int this_jobs = 0, left;

	/*
	* create threads (TD_NOT_CREATED -> TD_CREATED)
	*/
	for_each_td(td, i) {
	if (td->runstate != TD_NOT_CREATED)
	continue;

	/*
	* never got a chance to start, killed by other
	* thread for some reason
	*/
	if (td->terminate) {
	todo--;
	continue;
	}

	if (td->start_delay) {
	spent = mtime_since_genesis();

	if (td->start_delay * 1000 > spent)
	continue;
	}

	if (td->stonewall && (nr_started \|\| nr_running))
	break;

	/*
	* Set state to created. Thread will transition
	* to TD_INITIALIZED when it's done setting up.
	*/
	td_set_runstate(td, TD_CREATED);
	map[this_jobs++] = td;
	fio_sem_init(&startup_sem, 1);
	nr_started++;

	if (td->use_thread) {
	if (pthread_create(&td->thread, NULL, thread_main, td)) {
	perror("thread_create");
	nr_started--;
	}
	} else {
	if (fork())
	fio_sem_down(&startup_sem);
	else {
	fork_main(shm_id, i);
	exit(0);
	}
	}
	}

	/*
	* Wait for the started threads to transition to
	* TD_INITIALIZED.
	*/
	fio_gettime(&this_start, NULL);
	left = this_jobs;
	while (left && !fio_abort) {
	if (mtime_since_now(&this_start) > JOB_START_TIMEOUT)
	break;

	usleep(100000);

	for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
	td = map[i];
	if (!td)
	continue;
	if (td->runstate == TD_INITIALIZED) {
	map[i] = NULL;
	left--;
	} else if (td->runstate >= TD_EXITED) {
	map[i] = NULL;
	left--;
	todo--;
	nr_running++; /* work-around... */
	}
	}
	}

	if (left) {
	log_err("fio: %d jobs failed to start\n", left);
	for (i = 0; i < this_jobs; i++) {
	td = map[i];
	if (!td)
	continue;
	kill(td->pid, SIGTERM);
	}
	break;
	}

	/*
	* start created threads (TD_INITIALIZED -> TD_RUNNING).
	*/
	for_each_td(td, i) {
	if (td->runstate != TD_INITIALIZED)
	continue;

	td_set_runstate(td, TD_RUNNING);
	nr_running++;
	nr_started--;
	m_rate += td->ratemin;
	t_rate += td->rate;
	todo--;
	fio_sem_up(&td->mutex);
	}

	reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);

	if (todo)
	usleep(100000);
	}

	while (nr_running) {
	reap_threads(&nr_running, &t_rate, &m_rate);
	usleep(10000);
	}

	update_io_ticks();
	fio_unpin_memory();
	}

	int main(int argc, char *argv[])
	{
	long ps;

	if (parse_options(argc, argv))
	return 1;

	if (!thread_number) {
	log_err("Nothing to do\n");
	return 1;
	}

	ps = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
	if (ps < 0) {
	log_err("Failed to get page size\n");
	return 1;
	}

	page_mask = ps - 1;

	if (write_bw_log) {
	setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_READ]);
	setup_log(&agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE]);
	}

	disk_util_timer_arm();

	run_threads();

	if (!fio_abort) {
	show_run_stats();
	if (write_bw_log) {
	__finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_READ],"agg-read_bw.log");
	__finish_log(agg_io_log[DDIR_WRITE],"agg-write_bw.log");
	}
	}

	return 0;
	}