gettime.c

/*
 * Clock functions
 */

#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "fio.h"
#include "smalloc.h"

#include "hash.h"
#include "os/os.h"

#if defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) && !defined(ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC)
static unsigned long cycles_per_usec;
static unsigned long inv_cycles_per_usec;
#endif
int tsc_reliable = 0;

struct tv_valid {
	struct timeval last_tv;
	uint64_t last_cycles;
	int last_tv_valid;
};
#ifdef CONFIG_TLS_THREAD
static __thread struct tv_valid static_tv_valid;
#else
static pthread_key_t tv_tls_key;
#endif

enum fio_cs fio_clock_source = FIO_PREFERRED_CLOCK_SOURCE;
int fio_clock_source_set = 0;
static enum fio_cs fio_clock_source_inited = CS_INVAL;

#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME

#define HASH_BITS	8
#define HASH_SIZE	(1 << HASH_BITS)

static struct flist_head hash[HASH_SIZE];
static int gtod_inited;

struct gtod_log {
	struct flist_head list;
	void *caller;
	unsigned long calls;
};

static struct gtod_log *find_hash(void *caller)
{
	unsigned long h = hash_ptr(caller, HASH_BITS);
	struct flist_head *entry;

	flist_for_each(entry, &hash[h]) {
		struct gtod_log *log = flist_entry(entry, struct gtod_log,
									list);

		if (log->caller == caller)
			return log;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static struct gtod_log *find_log(void *caller)
{
	struct gtod_log *log = find_hash(caller);

	if (!log) {
		unsigned long h;

		log = malloc(sizeof(*log));
		INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&log->list);
		log->caller = caller;
		log->calls = 0;

		h = hash_ptr(caller, HASH_BITS);
		flist_add_tail(&log->list, &hash[h]);
	}

	return log;
}

static void gtod_log_caller(void *caller)
{
	if (gtod_inited) {
		struct gtod_log *log = find_log(caller);

		log->calls++;
	}
}

static void fio_exit fio_dump_gtod(void)
{
	unsigned long total_calls = 0;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++) {
		struct flist_head *entry;
		struct gtod_log *log;

		flist_for_each(entry, &hash[i]) {
			log = flist_entry(entry, struct gtod_log, list);

			printf("function %p, calls %lu\n", log->caller,
								log->calls);
			total_calls += log->calls;
		}
	}

	printf("Total %lu gettimeofday\n", total_calls);
}

static void fio_init gtod_init(void)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++)
		INIT_FLIST_HEAD(&hash[i]);

	gtod_inited = 1;
}

#endif /* FIO_DEBUG_TIME */

#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCK_GETTIME
static int fill_clock_gettime(struct timespec *ts)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
	return clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, ts);
#else
	return clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, ts);
#endif
}
#endif

static void *__fio_gettime(struct timeval *tp)
{
	struct tv_valid *tv;

#ifdef CONFIG_TLS_THREAD
	tv = &static_tv_valid;
#else
	tv = pthread_getspecific(tv_tls_key);
#endif

	switch (fio_clock_source) {
#ifdef CONFIG_GETTIMEOFDAY
	case CS_GTOD:
		gettimeofday(tp, NULL);
		break;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCK_GETTIME
	case CS_CGETTIME: {
		struct timespec ts;

		if (fill_clock_gettime(&ts) < 0) {
			log_err("fio: clock_gettime fails\n");
			assert(0);
		}

		tp->tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
		tp->tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
		break;
		}
#endif
#ifdef ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK
	case CS_CPUCLOCK: {
		uint64_t usecs, t;

		t = get_cpu_clock();
		if (tv && t < tv->last_cycles) {
			dprint(FD_TIME, "CPU clock going back in time\n");
			t = tv->last_cycles;
		} else if (tv)
			tv->last_cycles = t;

#ifdef ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC
		usecs = t / ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC;
#else
		usecs = (t * inv_cycles_per_usec) / 16777216UL;
#endif
		tp->tv_sec = usecs / 1000000;
		tp->tv_usec = usecs % 1000000;
		break;
		}
#endif
	default:
		log_err("fio: invalid clock source %d\n", fio_clock_source);
		break;
	}

	return tv;
}

#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME
void fio_gettime(struct timeval *tp, void *caller)
#else
void fio_gettime(struct timeval *tp, void fio_unused *caller)
#endif
{
	struct tv_valid *tv;

#ifdef FIO_DEBUG_TIME
	if (!caller)
		caller = __builtin_return_address(0);

	gtod_log_caller(caller);
#endif
	if (fio_unlikely(fio_tv)) {
		memcpy(tp, fio_tv, sizeof(*tp));
		return;
	}

	tv = __fio_gettime(tp);

	/*
	 * If Linux is using the tsc clock on non-synced processors,
	 * sometimes time can appear to drift backwards. Fix that up.
	 */
	if (tv) {
		if (tv->last_tv_valid) {
			if (tp->tv_sec < tv->last_tv.tv_sec)
				tp->tv_sec = tv->last_tv.tv_sec;
			else if (tv->last_tv.tv_sec == tp->tv_sec &&
				 tp->tv_usec < tv->last_tv.tv_usec)
				tp->tv_usec = tv->last_tv.tv_usec;
		}
		tv->last_tv_valid = 1;
		memcpy(&tv->last_tv, tp, sizeof(*tp));
	}
}

#if defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) && !defined(ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC)
static unsigned long get_cycles_per_usec(void)
{
	struct timeval s, e;
	uint64_t c_s, c_e;
	enum fio_cs old_cs = fio_clock_source;

#ifdef CONFIG_CLOCK_GETTIME
	fio_clock_source = CS_CGETTIME;
#else
	fio_clock_source = CS_GTOD;
#endif
	__fio_gettime(&s);

	c_s = get_cpu_clock();
	do {
		uint64_t elapsed;

		__fio_gettime(&e);

		elapsed = utime_since(&s, &e);
		if (elapsed >= 1280) {
			c_e = get_cpu_clock();
			break;
		}
	} while (1);

	fio_clock_source = old_cs;
	return (c_e - c_s + 127) >> 7;
}

#define NR_TIME_ITERS	50

static int calibrate_cpu_clock(void)
{
	double delta, mean, S;
	uint64_t avg, cycles[NR_TIME_ITERS];
	int i, samples;

	cycles[0] = get_cycles_per_usec();
	S = delta = mean = 0.0;
	for (i = 0; i < NR_TIME_ITERS; i++) {
		cycles[i] = get_cycles_per_usec();
		delta = cycles[i] - mean;
		if (delta) {
			mean += delta / (i + 1.0);
			S += delta * (cycles[i] - mean);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * The most common platform clock breakage is returning zero
	 * indefinitely. Check for that and return failure.
	 */
	if (!cycles[0] && !cycles[NR_TIME_ITERS - 1])
		return 1;

	S = sqrt(S / (NR_TIME_ITERS - 1.0));

	samples = avg = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < NR_TIME_ITERS; i++) {
		double this = cycles[i];

		if ((fmax(this, mean) - fmin(this, mean)) > S)
			continue;
		samples++;
		avg += this;
	}

	S /= (double) NR_TIME_ITERS;
	mean /= 10.0;

	for (i = 0; i < NR_TIME_ITERS; i++)
		dprint(FD_TIME, "cycles[%d]=%llu\n", i,
					(unsigned long long) cycles[i] / 10);

	avg /= samples;
	avg = (avg + 5) / 10;
	dprint(FD_TIME, "avg: %llu\n", (unsigned long long) avg);
	dprint(FD_TIME, "mean=%f, S=%f\n", mean, S);

	cycles_per_usec = avg;
	inv_cycles_per_usec = 16777216UL / cycles_per_usec;
	dprint(FD_TIME, "inv_cycles_per_usec=%lu\n", inv_cycles_per_usec);
	return 0;
}
#else
static int calibrate_cpu_clock(void)
{
#ifdef ARCH_CPU_CLOCK_CYCLES_PER_USEC
	return 0;
#else
	return 1;
#endif
}
#endif // ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK

#ifndef CONFIG_TLS_THREAD
void fio_local_clock_init(int is_thread)
{
	struct tv_valid *t;

	t = calloc(1, sizeof(*t));
	if (pthread_setspecific(tv_tls_key, t))
		log_err("fio: can't set TLS key\n");
}

static void kill_tv_tls_key(void *data)
{
	free(data);
}
#else
void fio_local_clock_init(int is_thread)
{
}
#endif

void fio_clock_init(void)
{
	if (fio_clock_source == fio_clock_source_inited)
		return;

#ifndef CONFIG_TLS_THREAD
	if (pthread_key_create(&tv_tls_key, kill_tv_tls_key))
		log_err("fio: can't create TLS key\n");
#endif

	fio_clock_source_inited = fio_clock_source;

	if (calibrate_cpu_clock())
		tsc_reliable = 0;

	/*
	 * If the arch sets tsc_reliable != 0, then it must be good enough
	 * to use as THE clock source. For x86 CPUs, this means the TSC
	 * runs at a constant rate and is synced across CPU cores.
	 */
	if (tsc_reliable) {
		if (!fio_clock_source_set)
			fio_clock_source = CS_CPUCLOCK;
	} else if (fio_clock_source == CS_CPUCLOCK)
		log_info("fio: clocksource=cpu may not be reliable\n");
}

uint64_t utime_since(struct timeval *s, struct timeval *e)
{
	long sec, usec;
	uint64_t ret;

	sec = e->tv_sec - s->tv_sec;
	usec = e->tv_usec - s->tv_usec;
	if (sec > 0 && usec < 0) {
		sec--;
		usec += 1000000;
	}

	/*
	 * time warp bug on some kernels?
	 */
	if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && usec < 0))
		return 0;

	ret = sec * 1000000ULL + usec;

	return ret;
}

uint64_t utime_since_now(struct timeval *s)
{
	struct timeval t;

	fio_gettime(&t, NULL);
	return utime_since(s, &t);
}

uint64_t mtime_since(struct timeval *s, struct timeval *e)
{
	long sec, usec, ret;

	sec = e->tv_sec - s->tv_sec;
	usec = e->tv_usec - s->tv_usec;
	if (sec > 0 && usec < 0) {
		sec--;
		usec += 1000000;
	}

	if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && usec < 0))
		return 0;

	sec *= 1000UL;
	usec /= 1000UL;
	ret = sec + usec;

	return ret;
}

uint64_t mtime_since_now(struct timeval *s)
{
	struct timeval t;
	void *p = __builtin_return_address(0);

	fio_gettime(&t, p);
	return mtime_since(s, &t);
}

uint64_t time_since_now(struct timeval *s)
{
	return mtime_since_now(s) / 1000;
}

#if defined(FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY) && defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK)  && \
    defined(CONFIG_SFAA)

#define CLOCK_ENTRIES	100000

struct clock_entry {
	uint32_t seq;
	uint32_t cpu;
	uint64_t tsc;
};

struct clock_thread {
	pthread_t thread;
	int cpu;
	pthread_mutex_t lock;
	pthread_mutex_t started;
	uint32_t *seq;
	struct clock_entry *entries;
};

static inline uint32_t atomic32_inc_return(uint32_t *seq)
{
	return 1 + __sync_fetch_and_add(seq, 1);
}

static void *clock_thread_fn(void *data)
{
	struct clock_thread *t = data;
	struct clock_entry *c;
	os_cpu_mask_t cpu_mask;
	uint32_t last_seq;
	int i;

	memset(&cpu_mask, 0, sizeof(cpu_mask));
	fio_cpu_set(&cpu_mask, t->cpu);

	if (fio_setaffinity(gettid(), cpu_mask) == -1) {
		log_err("clock setaffinity failed\n");
		return (void *) 1;
	}

	pthread_mutex_lock(&t->lock);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&t->started);

	last_seq = 0;
	c = &t->entries[0];
	for (i = 0; i < CLOCK_ENTRIES; i++, c++) {
		uint32_t seq;
		uint64_t tsc;

		c->cpu = t->cpu;
		do {
			seq = atomic32_inc_return(t->seq);
			if (seq < last_seq)
				break;
			tsc = get_cpu_clock();
		} while (seq != *t->seq);

		c->seq = seq;
		c->tsc = tsc;
	}

	log_info("cs: cpu%3d: %llu clocks seen\n", t->cpu,
		(unsigned long long) t->entries[i - 1].tsc - t->entries[0].tsc);

	/*
	 * The most common platform clock breakage is returning zero
	 * indefinitely. Check for that and return failure.
	 */
	if (!t->entries[i - 1].tsc && !t->entries[0].tsc)
		return (void *) 1;

	return NULL;
}

static int clock_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
	const struct clock_entry *c1 = p1;
	const struct clock_entry *c2 = p2;

	if (c1->seq == c2->seq)
		log_err("cs: bug in atomic sequence!\n");

	return c1->seq - c2->seq;
}

int fio_monotonic_clocktest(void)
{
	struct clock_thread *threads;
	unsigned int nr_cpus = cpus_online();
	struct clock_entry *entries;
	unsigned long tentries, failed = 0;
	struct clock_entry *prev, *this;
	uint32_t seq = 0;
	unsigned int i;

	log_info("cs: reliable_tsc: %s\n", tsc_reliable ? "yes" : "no");

#ifdef FIO_INC_DEBUG
	fio_debug |= 1U << FD_TIME;
#endif
	calibrate_cpu_clock();
#ifdef FIO_INC_DEBUG
	fio_debug &= ~(1U << FD_TIME);
#endif

	threads = malloc(nr_cpus * sizeof(struct clock_thread));
	tentries = CLOCK_ENTRIES * nr_cpus;
	entries = malloc(tentries * sizeof(struct clock_entry));

	log_info("cs: Testing %u CPUs\n", nr_cpus);

	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
		struct clock_thread *t = &threads[i];

		t->cpu = i;
		t->seq = &seq;
		t->entries = &entries[i * CLOCK_ENTRIES];
		pthread_mutex_init(&t->lock, NULL);
		pthread_mutex_init(&t->started, NULL);
		pthread_mutex_lock(&t->lock);
		if (pthread_create(&t->thread, NULL, clock_thread_fn, t)) {
			failed++;
			nr_cpus = i;
			break;
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
		struct clock_thread *t = &threads[i];

		pthread_mutex_lock(&t->started);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
		struct clock_thread *t = &threads[i];

		pthread_mutex_unlock(&t->lock);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < nr_cpus; i++) {
		struct clock_thread *t = &threads[i];
		void *ret;

		pthread_join(t->thread, &ret);
		if (ret)
			failed++;
	}
	free(threads);

	if (failed) {
		log_err("Clocksource test: %lu threads failed\n", failed);
		goto err;
	}

	qsort(entries, tentries, sizeof(struct clock_entry), clock_cmp);

	for (failed = i = 0; i < tentries; i++) {
		this = &entries[i];

		if (!i) {
			prev = this;
			continue;
		}

		if (prev->tsc > this->tsc) {
			uint64_t diff = prev->tsc - this->tsc;

			log_info("cs: CPU clock mismatch (diff=%llu):\n",
						(unsigned long long) diff);
			log_info("\t CPU%3u: TSC=%llu, SEQ=%u\n", prev->cpu, (unsigned long long) prev->tsc, prev->seq);
			log_info("\t CPU%3u: TSC=%llu, SEQ=%u\n", this->cpu, (unsigned long long) this->tsc, this->seq);
			failed++;
		}

		prev = this;
	}

	if (failed)
		log_info("cs: Failed: %lu\n", failed);
	else
		log_info("cs: Pass!\n");

err:
	free(entries);
	return !!failed;
}

#else /* defined(FIO_HAVE_CPU_AFFINITY) && defined(ARCH_HAVE_CPU_CLOCK) */

int fio_monotonic_clocktest(void)
{
	log_info("cs: current platform does not support CPU clocks\n");
	return 0;
}

#endif