test/cpp/microbenchmarks/bm_fullstack.cc

/*
 *
 * Copyright 2016, Google Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
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 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
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 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

/* Benchmark gRPC end2end in various configurations */

#include <sstream>

#include <grpc++/channel.h>
#include <grpc++/create_channel.h>
#include <grpc++/impl/grpc_library.h>
#include <grpc++/security/credentials.h>
#include <grpc++/security/server_credentials.h>
#include <grpc++/server.h>
#include <grpc++/server_builder.h>
#include <grpc/support/log.h>

extern "C" {
#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/chttp2_transport.h"
#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/internal.h"
#include "src/core/lib/channel/channel_args.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/endpoint_pair.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/exec_ctx.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/tcp_posix.h"
#include "src/core/lib/surface/channel.h"
#include "src/core/lib/surface/completion_queue.h"
#include "src/core/lib/surface/server.h"
#include "test/core/util/memory_counters.h"
#include "test/core/util/passthru_endpoint.h"
#include "test/core/util/port.h"
#include "test/core/util/trickle_endpoint.h"
}
#include "src/core/lib/profiling/timers.h"
#include "src/cpp/client/create_channel_internal.h"
#include "src/proto/grpc/testing/echo.grpc.pb.h"
#include "third_party/benchmark/include/benchmark/benchmark.h"

namespace grpc {
namespace testing {

static class InitializeStuff {
 public:
  InitializeStuff() {
    grpc_memory_counters_init();
    init_lib_.init();
    rq_ = grpc_resource_quota_create("bm");
  }

  ~InitializeStuff() { init_lib_.shutdown(); }

  grpc_resource_quota* rq() { return rq_; }

 private:
  internal::GrpcLibrary init_lib_;
  grpc_resource_quota* rq_;
} initialize_stuff;

/*******************************************************************************
 * FIXTURES
 */

static void ApplyCommonServerBuilderConfig(ServerBuilder* b) {
  b->SetMaxReceiveMessageSize(INT_MAX);
  b->SetMaxSendMessageSize(INT_MAX);
}

static void ApplyCommonChannelArguments(ChannelArguments* c) {
  c->SetInt(GRPC_ARG_MAX_RECEIVE_MESSAGE_LENGTH, INT_MAX);
  c->SetInt(GRPC_ARG_MAX_SEND_MESSAGE_LENGTH, INT_MAX);
}

#ifdef GPR_LOW_LEVEL_COUNTERS
extern "C" gpr_atm gpr_mu_locks;
extern "C" gpr_atm gpr_counter_atm_cas;
extern "C" gpr_atm gpr_counter_atm_add;
#endif

class BaseFixture {
 public:
  void Finish(benchmark::State& s) {
    std::ostringstream out;
    this->AddToLabel(out, s);
#ifdef GPR_LOW_LEVEL_COUNTERS
    out << " locks/iter:" << ((double)(gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&gpr_mu_locks) -
                                       mu_locks_at_start_) /
                              (double)s.iterations())
        << " atm_cas/iter:"
        << ((double)(gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&gpr_counter_atm_cas) -
                     atm_cas_at_start_) /
            (double)s.iterations())
        << " atm_add/iter:"
        << ((double)(gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&gpr_counter_atm_add) -
                     atm_add_at_start_) /
            (double)s.iterations());
#endif
    grpc_memory_counters counters_at_end = grpc_memory_counters_snapshot();
    out << " allocs/iter:"
        << ((double)(counters_at_end.total_allocs_absolute -
                     counters_at_start_.total_allocs_absolute) /
            (double)s.iterations());
    auto label = out.str();
    if (label.length() && label[0] == ' ') {
      label = label.substr(1);
    }
    s.SetLabel(label);
  }

  virtual void AddToLabel(std::ostream& out, benchmark::State& s) = 0;

 private:
#ifdef GPR_LOW_LEVEL_COUNTERS
  const size_t mu_locks_at_start_ = gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&gpr_mu_locks);
  const size_t atm_cas_at_start_ =
      gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&gpr_counter_atm_cas);
  const size_t atm_add_at_start_ =
      gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&gpr_counter_atm_add);
#endif
  grpc_memory_counters counters_at_start_ = grpc_memory_counters_snapshot();
};

class FullstackFixture : public BaseFixture {
 public:
  FullstackFixture(Service* service, const grpc::string& address) {
    ServerBuilder b;
    b.AddListeningPort(address, InsecureServerCredentials());
    cq_ = b.AddCompletionQueue(true);
    b.RegisterService(service);
    ApplyCommonServerBuilderConfig(&b);
    server_ = b.BuildAndStart();
    ChannelArguments args;
    ApplyCommonChannelArguments(&args);
    channel_ = CreateCustomChannel(address, InsecureChannelCredentials(), args);
  }

  virtual ~FullstackFixture() {
    server_->Shutdown();
    cq_->Shutdown();
    void* tag;
    bool ok;
    while (cq_->Next(&tag, &ok)) {
    }
  }

  ServerCompletionQueue* cq() { return cq_.get(); }
  std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel() { return channel_; }

 private:
  std::unique_ptr<Server> server_;
  std::unique_ptr<ServerCompletionQueue> cq_;
  std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel_;
};

class TCP : public FullstackFixture {
 public:
  TCP(Service* service) : FullstackFixture(service, MakeAddress()) {}

  void AddToLabel(std::ostream& out, benchmark::State& state) {}

 private:
  static grpc::string MakeAddress() {
    int port = grpc_pick_unused_port_or_die();
    std::stringstream addr;
    addr << "localhost:" << port;
    return addr.str();
  }
};

class UDS : public FullstackFixture {
 public:
  UDS(Service* service) : FullstackFixture(service, MakeAddress()) {}

  void AddToLabel(std::ostream& out, benchmark::State& state) override {}

 private:
  static grpc::string MakeAddress() {
    int port = grpc_pick_unused_port_or_die();  // just for a unique id - not a
                                                // real port
    std::stringstream addr;
    addr << "unix:/tmp/bm_fullstack." << port;
    return addr.str();
  }
};

class EndpointPairFixture : public BaseFixture {
 public:
  EndpointPairFixture(Service* service, grpc_endpoint_pair endpoints)
      : endpoint_pair_(endpoints) {
    ServerBuilder b;
    cq_ = b.AddCompletionQueue(true);
    b.RegisterService(service);
    ApplyCommonServerBuilderConfig(&b);
    server_ = b.BuildAndStart();

    grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;

    /* add server endpoint to server_ */
    {
      const grpc_channel_args* server_args =
          grpc_server_get_channel_args(server_->c_server());
      server_transport_ = grpc_create_chttp2_transport(
          &exec_ctx, server_args, endpoints.server, 0 /* is_client */);

      grpc_pollset** pollsets;
      size_t num_pollsets = 0;
      grpc_server_get_pollsets(server_->c_server(), &pollsets, &num_pollsets);

      for (size_t i = 0; i < num_pollsets; i++) {
        grpc_endpoint_add_to_pollset(&exec_ctx, endpoints.server, pollsets[i]);
      }

      grpc_server_setup_transport(&exec_ctx, server_->c_server(),
                                  server_transport_, NULL, server_args);
      grpc_chttp2_transport_start_reading(&exec_ctx, server_transport_, NULL);
    }

    /* create channel */
    {
      ChannelArguments args;
      args.SetString(GRPC_ARG_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY, "test.authority");
      ApplyCommonChannelArguments(&args);

      grpc_channel_args c_args = args.c_channel_args();
      client_transport_ =
          grpc_create_chttp2_transport(&exec_ctx, &c_args, endpoints.client, 1);
      GPR_ASSERT(client_transport_);
      grpc_channel* channel =
          grpc_channel_create(&exec_ctx, "target", &c_args,
                              GRPC_CLIENT_DIRECT_CHANNEL, client_transport_);
      grpc_chttp2_transport_start_reading(&exec_ctx, client_transport_, NULL);

      channel_ = CreateChannelInternal("", channel);
    }

    grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);
  }

  virtual ~EndpointPairFixture() {
    server_->Shutdown();
    cq_->Shutdown();
    void* tag;
    bool ok;
    while (cq_->Next(&tag, &ok)) {
    }
  }

  ServerCompletionQueue* cq() { return cq_.get(); }
  std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel() { return channel_; }

 protected:
  grpc_endpoint_pair endpoint_pair_;
  grpc_transport* client_transport_;
  grpc_transport* server_transport_;

 private:
  std::unique_ptr<Server> server_;
  std::unique_ptr<ServerCompletionQueue> cq_;
  std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel_;
};

class SockPair : public EndpointPairFixture {
 public:
  SockPair(Service* service)
      : EndpointPairFixture(service, grpc_iomgr_create_endpoint_pair(
                                         "test", initialize_stuff.rq(), 8192)) {
  }

  void AddToLabel(std::ostream& out, benchmark::State& state) {}
};

class InProcessCHTTP2 : public EndpointPairFixture {
 public:
  InProcessCHTTP2(Service* service)
      : EndpointPairFixture(service, MakeEndpoints()) {}

  void AddToLabel(std::ostream& out, benchmark::State& state) {
    out << " writes/iter:"
        << ((double)stats_.num_writes / (double)state.iterations());
  }

 private:
  grpc_passthru_endpoint_stats stats_;

  grpc_endpoint_pair MakeEndpoints() {
    grpc_endpoint_pair p;
    grpc_passthru_endpoint_create(&p.client, &p.server, initialize_stuff.rq(),
                                  &stats_);
    return p;
  }
};

class TrickledCHTTP2 : public EndpointPairFixture {
 public:
  TrickledCHTTP2(Service* service, size_t megabits_per_second)
      : EndpointPairFixture(service, MakeEndpoints(megabits_per_second)) {}

  void AddToLabel(std::ostream& out, benchmark::State& state) {
    out << " writes/iter:"
        << ((double)stats_.num_writes / (double)state.iterations())
        << " cli_transport_stalls/iter:"
        << ((double)
                client_stats_.streams_stalled_due_to_transport_flow_control /
            (double)state.iterations())
        << " cli_stream_stalls/iter:"
        << ((double)client_stats_.streams_stalled_due_to_stream_flow_control /
            (double)state.iterations())
        << " svr_transport_stalls/iter:"
        << ((double)
                server_stats_.streams_stalled_due_to_transport_flow_control /
            (double)state.iterations())
        << " svr_stream_stalls/iter:"
        << ((double)server_stats_.streams_stalled_due_to_stream_flow_control /
            (double)state.iterations());
  }

  void Step() {
    grpc_exec_ctx exec_ctx = GRPC_EXEC_CTX_INIT;
    size_t client_backlog =
        grpc_trickle_endpoint_trickle(&exec_ctx, endpoint_pair_.client);
    size_t server_backlog =
        grpc_trickle_endpoint_trickle(&exec_ctx, endpoint_pair_.server);
    grpc_exec_ctx_finish(&exec_ctx);

    UpdateStats((grpc_chttp2_transport*)client_transport_, &client_stats_,
                client_backlog);
    UpdateStats((grpc_chttp2_transport*)server_transport_, &server_stats_,
                server_backlog);
  }

 private:
  grpc_passthru_endpoint_stats stats_;
  struct Stats {
    int streams_stalled_due_to_stream_flow_control = 0;
    int streams_stalled_due_to_transport_flow_control = 0;
  };
  Stats client_stats_;
  Stats server_stats_;

  grpc_endpoint_pair MakeEndpoints(size_t kilobits) {
    grpc_endpoint_pair p;
    grpc_passthru_endpoint_create(&p.client, &p.server, initialize_stuff.rq(),
                                  &stats_);
    double bytes_per_second = 125.0 * kilobits;
    p.client = grpc_trickle_endpoint_create(p.client, bytes_per_second);
    p.server = grpc_trickle_endpoint_create(p.server, bytes_per_second);
    return p;
  }

  void UpdateStats(grpc_chttp2_transport* t, Stats* s, size_t backlog) {
    if (backlog == 0) {
      if (t->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_STREAM].head != NULL) {
        s->streams_stalled_due_to_stream_flow_control++;
      }
      if (t->lists[GRPC_CHTTP2_LIST_STALLED_BY_TRANSPORT].head != NULL) {
        s->streams_stalled_due_to_transport_flow_control++;
      }
    }
  }
};

/*******************************************************************************
 * CONTEXT MUTATORS
 */

static const int kPregenerateKeyCount = 100000;

template <class F>
auto MakeVector(size_t length, F f) -> std::vector<decltype(f())> {
  std::vector<decltype(f())> out;
  out.reserve(length);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    out.push_back(f());
  }
  return out;
}

class NoOpMutator {
 public:
  template <class ContextType>
  NoOpMutator(ContextType* context) {}
};

template <int length>
class RandomBinaryMetadata {
 public:
  static const grpc::string& Key() { return kKey; }

  static const grpc::string& Value() {
    return kValues[rand() % kValues.size()];
  }

 private:
  static const grpc::string kKey;
  static const std::vector<grpc::string> kValues;

  static grpc::string GenerateOneString() {
    grpc::string s;
    s.reserve(length + 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      s += (char)rand();
    }
    return s;
  }
};

template <int length>
const grpc::string RandomBinaryMetadata<length>::kKey = "foo-bin";

template <int length>
const std::vector<grpc::string> RandomBinaryMetadata<length>::kValues =
    MakeVector(kPregenerateKeyCount, GenerateOneString);

template <int length>
class RandomAsciiMetadata {
 public:
  static const grpc::string& Key() { return kKey; }

  static const grpc::string& Value() {
    return kValues[rand() % kValues.size()];
  }

 private:
  static const grpc::string kKey;
  static const std::vector<grpc::string> kValues;

  static grpc::string GenerateOneString() {
    grpc::string s;
    s.reserve(length + 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      s += (char)(rand() % 26 + 'a');
    }
    return s;
  }
};

template <int length>
const grpc::string RandomAsciiMetadata<length>::kKey = "foo";

template <int length>
const std::vector<grpc::string> RandomAsciiMetadata<length>::kValues =
    MakeVector(kPregenerateKeyCount, GenerateOneString);

template <class Generator, int kNumKeys>
class Client_AddMetadata : public NoOpMutator {
 public:
  Client_AddMetadata(ClientContext* context) : NoOpMutator(context) {
    for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
      context->AddMetadata(Generator::Key(), Generator::Value());
    }
  }
};

template <class Generator, int kNumKeys>
class Server_AddInitialMetadata : public NoOpMutator {
 public:
  Server_AddInitialMetadata(ServerContext* context) : NoOpMutator(context) {
    for (int i = 0; i < kNumKeys; i++) {
      context->AddInitialMetadata(Generator::Key(), Generator::Value());
    }
  }
};

/*******************************************************************************
 * BENCHMARKING KERNELS
 */

static void* tag(intptr_t x) { return reinterpret_cast<void*>(x); }

template <class Fixture, class ClientContextMutator, class ServerContextMutator>
static void BM_UnaryPingPong(benchmark::State& state) {
  EchoTestService::AsyncService service;
  std::unique_ptr<Fixture> fixture(new Fixture(&service));
  EchoRequest send_request;
  EchoResponse send_response;
  EchoResponse recv_response;
  if (state.range(0) > 0) {
    send_request.set_message(std::string(state.range(0), 'a'));
  }
  if (state.range(1) > 0) {
    send_response.set_message(std::string(state.range(1), 'a'));
  }
  Status recv_status;
  struct ServerEnv {
    ServerContext ctx;
    EchoRequest recv_request;
    grpc::ServerAsyncResponseWriter<EchoResponse> response_writer;
    ServerEnv() : response_writer(&ctx) {}
  };
  uint8_t server_env_buffer[2 * sizeof(ServerEnv)];
  ServerEnv* server_env[2] = {
      reinterpret_cast<ServerEnv*>(server_env_buffer),
      reinterpret_cast<ServerEnv*>(server_env_buffer + sizeof(ServerEnv))};
  new (server_env[0]) ServerEnv;
  new (server_env[1]) ServerEnv;
  service.RequestEcho(&server_env[0]->ctx, &server_env[0]->recv_request,
                      &server_env[0]->response_writer, fixture->cq(),
                      fixture->cq(), tag(0));
  service.RequestEcho(&server_env[1]->ctx, &server_env[1]->recv_request,
                      &server_env[1]->response_writer, fixture->cq(),
                      fixture->cq(), tag(1));
  std::unique_ptr<EchoTestService::Stub> stub(
      EchoTestService::NewStub(fixture->channel()));
  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
    GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
    recv_response.Clear();
    ClientContext cli_ctx;
    ClientContextMutator cli_ctx_mut(&cli_ctx);
    std::unique_ptr<ClientAsyncResponseReader<EchoResponse>> response_reader(
        stub->AsyncEcho(&cli_ctx, send_request, fixture->cq()));
    void* t;
    bool ok;
    GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
    GPR_ASSERT(ok);
    GPR_ASSERT(t == tag(0) || t == tag(1));
    intptr_t slot = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(t);
    ServerEnv* senv = server_env[slot];
    ServerContextMutator svr_ctx_mut(&senv->ctx);
    senv->response_writer.Finish(send_response, Status::OK, tag(3));
    response_reader->Finish(&recv_response, &recv_status, tag(4));
    for (int i = (1 << 3) | (1 << 4); i != 0;) {
      GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
      GPR_ASSERT(ok);
      int tagnum = (int)reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(t);
      GPR_ASSERT(i & (1 << tagnum));
      i -= 1 << tagnum;
    }
    GPR_ASSERT(recv_status.ok());

    senv->~ServerEnv();
    senv = new (senv) ServerEnv();
    service.RequestEcho(&senv->ctx, &senv->recv_request, &senv->response_writer,
                        fixture->cq(), fixture->cq(), tag(slot));
  }
  fixture->Finish(state);
  fixture.reset();
  server_env[0]->~ServerEnv();
  server_env[1]->~ServerEnv();
  state.SetBytesProcessed(state.range(0) * state.iterations() +
                          state.range(1) * state.iterations());
}

// Repeatedly makes Streaming Bidi calls (exchanging a configurable number of
// messages in each call) in a loop on a single channel
//
//  First parmeter (i.e state.range(0)):  Message size (in bytes) to use
//  Second parameter (i.e state.range(1)): Number of ping pong messages.
//      Note: One ping-pong means two messages (one from client to server and
//      the other from server to client):
template <class Fixture, class ClientContextMutator, class ServerContextMutator>
static void BM_StreamingPingPong(benchmark::State& state) {
  const int msg_size = state.range(0);
  const int max_ping_pongs = state.range(1);

  EchoTestService::AsyncService service;
  std::unique_ptr<Fixture> fixture(new Fixture(&service));
  {
    EchoResponse send_response;
    EchoResponse recv_response;
    EchoRequest send_request;
    EchoRequest recv_request;

    if (msg_size > 0) {
      send_request.set_message(std::string(msg_size, 'a'));
      send_response.set_message(std::string(msg_size, 'b'));
    }

    std::unique_ptr<EchoTestService::Stub> stub(
        EchoTestService::NewStub(fixture->channel()));

    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
      ServerContext svr_ctx;
      ServerContextMutator svr_ctx_mut(&svr_ctx);
      ServerAsyncReaderWriter<EchoResponse, EchoRequest> response_rw(&svr_ctx);
      service.RequestBidiStream(&svr_ctx, &response_rw, fixture->cq(),
                                fixture->cq(), tag(0));

      ClientContext cli_ctx;
      ClientContextMutator cli_ctx_mut(&cli_ctx);
      auto request_rw = stub->AsyncBidiStream(&cli_ctx, fixture->cq(), tag(1));

      // Establish async stream between client side and server side
      void* t;
      bool ok;
      int need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
      while (need_tags) {
        GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
        GPR_ASSERT(ok);
        int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
        GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
        need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
      }

      // Send 'max_ping_pongs' number of ping pong messages
      int ping_pong_cnt = 0;
      while (ping_pong_cnt < max_ping_pongs) {
        request_rw->Write(send_request, tag(0));   // Start client send
        response_rw.Read(&recv_request, tag(1));   // Start server recv
        request_rw->Read(&recv_response, tag(2));  // Start client recv

        need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 3);
        while (need_tags) {
          GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
          GPR_ASSERT(ok);
          int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;

          // If server recv is complete, start the server send operation
          if (i == 1) {
            response_rw.Write(send_response, tag(3));
          }

          GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
          need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
        }

        ping_pong_cnt++;
      }

      request_rw->WritesDone(tag(0));
      response_rw.Finish(Status::OK, tag(1));

      Status recv_status;
      request_rw->Finish(&recv_status, tag(2));

      need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 2);
      while (need_tags) {
        GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
        int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
        GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
        need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
      }

      GPR_ASSERT(recv_status.ok());
    }
  }

  fixture->Finish(state);
  fixture.reset();
  state.SetBytesProcessed(msg_size * state.iterations() * max_ping_pongs * 2);
}

// Repeatedly sends ping pong messages in a single streaming Bidi call in a loop
//     First parmeter (i.e state.range(0)):  Message size (in bytes) to use
template <class Fixture, class ClientContextMutator, class ServerContextMutator>
static void BM_StreamingPingPongMsgs(benchmark::State& state) {
  const int msg_size = state.range(0);

  EchoTestService::AsyncService service;
  std::unique_ptr<Fixture> fixture(new Fixture(&service));
  {
    EchoResponse send_response;
    EchoResponse recv_response;
    EchoRequest send_request;
    EchoRequest recv_request;

    if (msg_size > 0) {
      send_request.set_message(std::string(msg_size, 'a'));
      send_response.set_message(std::string(msg_size, 'b'));
    }

    std::unique_ptr<EchoTestService::Stub> stub(
        EchoTestService::NewStub(fixture->channel()));

    ServerContext svr_ctx;
    ServerContextMutator svr_ctx_mut(&svr_ctx);
    ServerAsyncReaderWriter<EchoResponse, EchoRequest> response_rw(&svr_ctx);
    service.RequestBidiStream(&svr_ctx, &response_rw, fixture->cq(),
                              fixture->cq(), tag(0));

    ClientContext cli_ctx;
    ClientContextMutator cli_ctx_mut(&cli_ctx);
    auto request_rw = stub->AsyncBidiStream(&cli_ctx, fixture->cq(), tag(1));

    // Establish async stream between client side and server side
    void* t;
    bool ok;
    int need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
    while (need_tags) {
      GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
      GPR_ASSERT(ok);
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }

    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
      GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
      request_rw->Write(send_request, tag(0));   // Start client send
      response_rw.Read(&recv_request, tag(1));   // Start server recv
      request_rw->Read(&recv_response, tag(2));  // Start client recv

      need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 3);
      while (need_tags) {
        GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
        GPR_ASSERT(ok);
        int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;

        // If server recv is complete, start the server send operation
        if (i == 1) {
          response_rw.Write(send_response, tag(3));
        }

        GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
        need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
      }
    }

    request_rw->WritesDone(tag(0));
    response_rw.Finish(Status::OK, tag(1));
    Status recv_status;
    request_rw->Finish(&recv_status, tag(2));

    need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 2);
    while (need_tags) {
      GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }

    GPR_ASSERT(recv_status.ok());
  }

  fixture->Finish(state);
  fixture.reset();
  state.SetBytesProcessed(msg_size * state.iterations() * 2);
}

template <class Fixture>
static void BM_PumpStreamClientToServer(benchmark::State& state) {
  EchoTestService::AsyncService service;
  std::unique_ptr<Fixture> fixture(new Fixture(&service));
  {
    EchoRequest send_request;
    EchoRequest recv_request;
    if (state.range(0) > 0) {
      send_request.set_message(std::string(state.range(0), 'a'));
    }
    Status recv_status;
    ServerContext svr_ctx;
    ServerAsyncReaderWriter<EchoResponse, EchoRequest> response_rw(&svr_ctx);
    service.RequestBidiStream(&svr_ctx, &response_rw, fixture->cq(),
                              fixture->cq(), tag(0));
    std::unique_ptr<EchoTestService::Stub> stub(
        EchoTestService::NewStub(fixture->channel()));
    ClientContext cli_ctx;
    auto request_rw = stub->AsyncBidiStream(&cli_ctx, fixture->cq(), tag(1));
    int need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
    void* t;
    bool ok;
    while (need_tags) {
      GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
      GPR_ASSERT(ok);
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }
    response_rw.Read(&recv_request, tag(0));
    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
      GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
      request_rw->Write(send_request, tag(1));
      while (true) {
        GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
        if (t == tag(0)) {
          response_rw.Read(&recv_request, tag(0));
        } else if (t == tag(1)) {
          break;
        } else {
          GPR_ASSERT(false);
        }
      }
    }
    request_rw->WritesDone(tag(1));
    need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
    while (need_tags) {
      GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }
  }
  fixture->Finish(state);
  fixture.reset();
  state.SetBytesProcessed(state.range(0) * state.iterations());
}

template <class Fixture>
static void BM_PumpStreamServerToClient(benchmark::State& state) {
  EchoTestService::AsyncService service;
  std::unique_ptr<Fixture> fixture(new Fixture(&service));
  {
    EchoResponse send_response;
    EchoResponse recv_response;
    if (state.range(0) > 0) {
      send_response.set_message(std::string(state.range(0), 'a'));
    }
    Status recv_status;
    ServerContext svr_ctx;
    ServerAsyncReaderWriter<EchoResponse, EchoRequest> response_rw(&svr_ctx);
    service.RequestBidiStream(&svr_ctx, &response_rw, fixture->cq(),
                              fixture->cq(), tag(0));
    std::unique_ptr<EchoTestService::Stub> stub(
        EchoTestService::NewStub(fixture->channel()));
    ClientContext cli_ctx;
    auto request_rw = stub->AsyncBidiStream(&cli_ctx, fixture->cq(), tag(1));
    int need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
    void* t;
    bool ok;
    while (need_tags) {
      GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
      GPR_ASSERT(ok);
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }
    request_rw->Read(&recv_response, tag(0));
    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
      GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
      response_rw.Write(send_response, tag(1));
      while (true) {
        GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
        if (t == tag(0)) {
          request_rw->Read(&recv_response, tag(0));
        } else if (t == tag(1)) {
          break;
        } else {
          GPR_ASSERT(false);
        }
      }
    }
    response_rw.Finish(Status::OK, tag(1));
    need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
    while (need_tags) {
      GPR_ASSERT(fixture->cq()->Next(&t, &ok));
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }
  }
  fixture->Finish(state);
  fixture.reset();
  state.SetBytesProcessed(state.range(0) * state.iterations());
}

static void TrickleCQNext(TrickledCHTTP2* fixture, void** t, bool* ok) {
  while (true) {
    switch (fixture->cq()->AsyncNext(
        t, ok, gpr_time_add(gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC),
                            gpr_time_from_micros(100, GPR_TIMESPAN)))) {
      case CompletionQueue::TIMEOUT:
        fixture->Step();
        break;
      case CompletionQueue::SHUTDOWN:
        GPR_ASSERT(false);
        break;
      case CompletionQueue::GOT_EVENT:
        return;
    }
  }
}

static void BM_PumpStreamServerToClient_Trickle(benchmark::State& state) {
  EchoTestService::AsyncService service;
  std::unique_ptr<TrickledCHTTP2> fixture(
      new TrickledCHTTP2(&service, state.range(1)));
  {
    EchoResponse send_response;
    EchoResponse recv_response;
    if (state.range(0) > 0) {
      send_response.set_message(std::string(state.range(0), 'a'));
    }
    Status recv_status;
    ServerContext svr_ctx;
    ServerAsyncReaderWriter<EchoResponse, EchoRequest> response_rw(&svr_ctx);
    service.RequestBidiStream(&svr_ctx, &response_rw, fixture->cq(),
                              fixture->cq(), tag(0));
    std::unique_ptr<EchoTestService::Stub> stub(
        EchoTestService::NewStub(fixture->channel()));
    ClientContext cli_ctx;
    auto request_rw = stub->AsyncBidiStream(&cli_ctx, fixture->cq(), tag(1));
    int need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
    void* t;
    bool ok;
    while (need_tags) {
      TrickleCQNext(fixture.get(), &t, &ok);
      GPR_ASSERT(ok);
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }
    request_rw->Read(&recv_response, tag(0));
    while (state.KeepRunning()) {
      GPR_TIMER_SCOPE("BenchmarkCycle", 0);
      response_rw.Write(send_response, tag(1));
      while (true) {
        TrickleCQNext(fixture.get(), &t, &ok);
        if (t == tag(0)) {
          request_rw->Read(&recv_response, tag(0));
        } else if (t == tag(1)) {
          break;
        } else {
          GPR_ASSERT(false);
        }
      }
    }
    response_rw.Finish(Status::OK, tag(1));
    need_tags = (1 << 0) | (1 << 1);
    while (need_tags) {
      TrickleCQNext(fixture.get(), &t, &ok);
      int i = (int)(intptr_t)t;
      GPR_ASSERT(need_tags & (1 << i));
      need_tags &= ~(1 << i);
    }
  }
  fixture->Finish(state);
  fixture.reset();
  state.SetBytesProcessed(state.range(0) * state.iterations());
}

/*******************************************************************************
 * CONFIGURATIONS
 */

static void SweepSizesArgs(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
  b->Args({0, 0});
  for (int i = 1; i <= 128 * 1024 * 1024; i *= 8) {
    b->Args({i, 0});
    b->Args({0, i});
    b->Args({i, i});
  }
}

BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, TCP, NoOpMutator, NoOpMutator)
    ->Apply(SweepSizesArgs);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, UDS, NoOpMutator, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, SockPair, NoOpMutator, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator, NoOpMutator)
    ->Apply(SweepSizesArgs);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<10>, 1>, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<31>, 1>, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<100>, 1>,
                   NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<10>, 2>, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<31>, 2>, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<100>, 2>,
                   NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   Server_AddInitialMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<10>, 1>)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   Server_AddInitialMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<31>, 1>)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   Server_AddInitialMetadata<RandomBinaryMetadata<100>, 1>)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomAsciiMetadata<10>, 1>, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomAsciiMetadata<31>, 1>, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2,
                   Client_AddMetadata<RandomAsciiMetadata<100>, 1>, NoOpMutator)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   Server_AddInitialMetadata<RandomAsciiMetadata<10>, 1>)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   Server_AddInitialMetadata<RandomAsciiMetadata<31>, 1>)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   Server_AddInitialMetadata<RandomAsciiMetadata<100>, 1>)
    ->Args({0, 0});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_UnaryPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   Server_AddInitialMetadata<RandomAsciiMetadata<10>, 100>)
    ->Args({0, 0});

BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamClientToServer, TCP)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamClientToServer, UDS)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamClientToServer, SockPair)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamClientToServer, InProcessCHTTP2)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamServerToClient, TCP)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamServerToClient, UDS)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamServerToClient, SockPair)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_PumpStreamServerToClient, InProcessCHTTP2)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);

static void TrickleArgs(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
  for (int i = 1; i <= 128 * 1024 * 1024; i *= 8) {
    for (int j = 1; j <= 128 * 1024 * 1024; j *= 8) {
      double expected_time =
          static_cast<double>(14 + i) / (125.0 * static_cast<double>(j));
      if (expected_time > 0.01) continue;
      b->Args({i, j});
    }
  }
}

BENCHMARK(BM_PumpStreamServerToClient_Trickle)->Apply(TrickleArgs);

// Generate Args for StreamingPingPong benchmarks. Currently generates args for
// only "small streams" (i.e streams with 0, 1 or 2 messages)
static void StreamingPingPongArgs(benchmark::internal::Benchmark* b) {
  int msg_size = 0;

  b->Args({0, 0});  // spl case: 0 ping-pong msgs (msg_size doesn't matter here)

  for (msg_size = 0; msg_size <= 128 * 1024 * 1024;
       msg_size == 0 ? msg_size++ : msg_size *= 8) {
    b->Args({msg_size, 1});
    b->Args({msg_size, 2});
  }
}

BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_StreamingPingPong, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   NoOpMutator)
    ->Apply(StreamingPingPongArgs);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_StreamingPingPong, TCP, NoOpMutator, NoOpMutator)
    ->Apply(StreamingPingPongArgs);

BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_StreamingPingPongMsgs, InProcessCHTTP2, NoOpMutator,
                   NoOpMutator)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_StreamingPingPongMsgs, TCP, NoOpMutator, NoOpMutator)
    ->Range(0, 128 * 1024 * 1024);

}  // namespace testing
}  // namespace grpc

BENCHMARK_MAIN();