base/pe_image.cc

// Copyright (c) 2006-2008 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

// This file implements PEImage, a generic class to manipulate PE files.
// This file was adapted from GreenBorder's Code.

#include "base/pe_image.h"

#ifdef _WIN64
#error This code is not tested on x64. Please make sure all the base unit tests\
 pass before doing any real work. The current unit tests don't test the\
 differences between 32- and 64-bits implementations. Bugs may slip through.\
 You need to improve the coverage before continuing.
#endif

// Structure to perform imports enumerations.
struct EnumAllImportsStorage {
  PEImage::EnumImportsFunction callback;
  PVOID cookie;
};

// Callback used to enumerate imports. See EnumImportChunksFunction.
bool ProcessImportChunk(const PEImage &image, LPCSTR module,
                        PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA name_table,
                        PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA iat, PVOID cookie) {
  EnumAllImportsStorage &storage = *reinterpret_cast<EnumAllImportsStorage*>(
                                       cookie);

  return image.EnumOneImportChunk(storage.callback, module, name_table, iat,
                                  storage.cookie);
}

// Callback used to enumerate delay imports. See EnumDelayImportChunksFunction.
bool ProcessDelayImportChunk(const PEImage &image,
                             PImgDelayDescr delay_descriptor,
                             LPCSTR module, PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA name_table,
                             PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA iat, PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA bound_iat,
                             PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA unload_iat, PVOID cookie) {
  EnumAllImportsStorage &storage = *reinterpret_cast<EnumAllImportsStorage*>(
                                       cookie);

  return image.EnumOneDelayImportChunk(storage.callback, delay_descriptor,
                                       module, name_table, iat, bound_iat,
                                       unload_iat, storage.cookie);
}

void PEImage::set_module(HMODULE module) {
  module_ = module;
}

PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER PEImage::GetDosHeader() const {
  return reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER>(module_);
}

PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS PEImage::GetNTHeaders() const {
  PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER dos_header = GetDosHeader();

  return reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS>(
      reinterpret_cast<char*>(dos_header) + dos_header->e_lfanew);
}

PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER PEImage::GetSectionHeader(UINT section) const {
  PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers = GetNTHeaders();
  PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER first_section = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(nt_headers);

  if (section < nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections)
    return first_section + section;
  else
    return NULL;
}

WORD PEImage::GetNumSections() const {
  return GetNTHeaders()->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
}

DWORD PEImage::GetImageDirectoryEntrySize(UINT directory) const {
  PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers = GetNTHeaders();

  return nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[directory].Size;
}

PVOID PEImage::GetImageDirectoryEntryAddr(UINT directory) const {
  PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers = GetNTHeaders();

  return RVAToAddr(
      nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[directory].VirtualAddress);
}

PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER PEImage::GetImageSectionFromAddr(PVOID address) const {
  PBYTE target = reinterpret_cast<PBYTE>(address);
  PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER section;

  for (UINT i = 0; NULL != (section = GetSectionHeader(i)); i++) {
    // Don't use the virtual RVAToAddr.
    PBYTE start = reinterpret_cast<PBYTE>(
                      PEImage::RVAToAddr(section->VirtualAddress));

    DWORD size = section->Misc.VirtualSize;

    if ((start <= target) && (start + size > target))
      return section;
  }

  return NULL;
}

PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER PEImage::GetImageSectionHeaderByName(
    LPCSTR section_name) const {
  if (NULL == section_name)
    return NULL;

  PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER ret = NULL;
  int num_sections = GetNumSections();

  for (int i = 0; i < num_sections; i++) {
    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER section = GetSectionHeader(i);
    if (0 == _strnicmp(reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(section->Name), section_name,
                       sizeof(section->Name))) {
      ret = section;
      break;
    }
  }

  return ret;
}

PDWORD PEImage::GetExportEntry(LPCSTR name) const {
  PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY exports = GetExportDirectory();

  if (NULL == exports)
    return NULL;

  WORD ordinal = 0;
  if (!GetProcOrdinal(name, &ordinal))
    return NULL;

  PDWORD functions = reinterpret_cast<PDWORD>(
                         RVAToAddr(exports->AddressOfFunctions));

  return functions + ordinal - exports->Base;
}

FARPROC PEImage::GetProcAddress(LPCSTR function_name) const {
  PDWORD export_entry = GetExportEntry(function_name);
  if (NULL == export_entry)
    return NULL;

  PBYTE function = reinterpret_cast<PBYTE>(RVAToAddr(*export_entry));

  PBYTE exports = reinterpret_cast<PBYTE>(
      GetImageDirectoryEntryAddr(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT));
  DWORD size = GetImageDirectoryEntrySize(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT);

  // Check for forwarded exports as a special case.
  if (exports <= function && exports + size > function)
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 4312)
    // This cast generates a warning because it is 32 bit specific.
    return reinterpret_cast<FARPROC>(0xFFFFFFFF);
#pragma warning(pop)

  return reinterpret_cast<FARPROC>(function);
}

bool PEImage::GetProcOrdinal(LPCSTR function_name, WORD *ordinal) const {
  if (NULL == ordinal)
    return false;

  PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY exports = GetExportDirectory();

  if (NULL == exports)
    return false;

  if (IsOrdinal(function_name)) {
    *ordinal = ToOrdinal(function_name);
  } else {
    PDWORD names = reinterpret_cast<PDWORD>(RVAToAddr(exports->AddressOfNames));
    PDWORD lower = names;
    PDWORD upper = names + exports->NumberOfNames;
    int cmp = -1;

    // Binary Search for the name.
    while (lower != upper) {
      PDWORD middle = lower + (upper - lower) / 2;
      LPCSTR name = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(RVAToAddr(*middle));

      cmp = strcmp(function_name, name);

      if (cmp == 0) {
        lower = middle;
        break;
      }

      if (cmp > 0)
        lower = middle + 1;
      else
        upper = middle;
    }

    if (cmp != 0)
      return false;


    PWORD ordinals = reinterpret_cast<PWORD>(
                         RVAToAddr(exports->AddressOfNameOrdinals));

    *ordinal = ordinals[lower - names] + static_cast<WORD>(exports->Base);
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumSections(EnumSectionsFunction callback, PVOID cookie) const {
  PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers = GetNTHeaders();
  UINT num_sections = nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
  PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER section = GetSectionHeader(0);

  for (UINT i = 0; i < num_sections; i++, section++) {
    PVOID section_start = RVAToAddr(section->VirtualAddress);
    DWORD size = section->Misc.VirtualSize;

    if (!callback(*this, section, section_start, size, cookie))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumExports(EnumExportsFunction callback, PVOID cookie) const {
  PVOID directory = GetImageDirectoryEntryAddr(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT);
  DWORD size = GetImageDirectoryEntrySize(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT);

  // Check if there are any exports at all.
  if (NULL == directory || 0 == size)
    return true;

  PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY exports = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY>(
                                        directory);
  UINT ordinal_base = exports->Base;
  UINT num_funcs = exports->NumberOfFunctions;
  UINT num_names = exports->NumberOfNames;
  PDWORD functions  = reinterpret_cast<PDWORD>(RVAToAddr(
                          exports->AddressOfFunctions));
  PDWORD names = reinterpret_cast<PDWORD>(RVAToAddr(exports->AddressOfNames));
  PWORD ordinals = reinterpret_cast<PWORD>(RVAToAddr(
                       exports->AddressOfNameOrdinals));

  for (UINT count = 0; count < num_funcs; count++) {
    PVOID func = RVAToAddr(functions[count]);
    if (NULL == func)
      continue;

    // Check for a name.
    LPCSTR name = NULL;
    UINT hint;
    for (hint = 0; hint < num_names; hint++) {
      if (ordinals[hint] == count) {
        name = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(RVAToAddr(names[hint]));
        break;
      }
    }

    if (name == NULL)
      hint = 0;

    // Check for forwarded exports.
    LPCSTR forward = NULL;
    if (reinterpret_cast<char*>(func) >= reinterpret_cast<char*>(directory) &&
        reinterpret_cast<char*>(func) <= reinterpret_cast<char*>(directory) +
            size) {
      forward = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(func);
      func = 0;
    }

    if (!callback(*this, ordinal_base + count, hint, name, func, forward,
                  cookie))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumRelocs(EnumRelocsFunction callback, PVOID cookie) const {
  PVOID directory = GetImageDirectoryEntryAddr(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC);
  DWORD size = GetImageDirectoryEntrySize(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC);
  PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION base = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION>(
      directory);

  if (directory == NULL || size < sizeof(IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION))
    return true;

  while (base->SizeOfBlock) {
    PWORD reloc = reinterpret_cast<PWORD>(base + 1);
    UINT num_relocs = (base->SizeOfBlock - sizeof(IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)) /
        sizeof(WORD);

    for (UINT i = 0; i < num_relocs; i++, reloc++) {
      WORD type = *reloc >> 12;
      PVOID address = RVAToAddr(base->VirtualAddress + (*reloc & 0x0FFF));

      if (!callback(*this, type, address, cookie))
        return false;
    }

    base = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION>(
               reinterpret_cast<char*>(base) + base->SizeOfBlock);
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumImportChunks(EnumImportChunksFunction callback,
                               PVOID cookie) const {
  DWORD size = GetImageDirectoryEntrySize(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT);
  PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR import = GetFirstImportChunk();

  if (import == NULL || size < sizeof(IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR))
    return true;

  for (; import->FirstThunk; import++) {
    LPCSTR module_name = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(RVAToAddr(import->Name));
    PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA name_table = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                                       RVAToAddr(import->OriginalFirstThunk));
    PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA iat = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                                RVAToAddr(import->FirstThunk));

    if (!callback(*this, module_name, name_table, iat, cookie))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumOneImportChunk(EnumImportsFunction callback,
                                 LPCSTR module_name,
                                 PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA name_table,
                                 PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA iat, PVOID cookie) const {
  if (NULL == name_table)
    return false;

  for (; name_table && name_table->u1.Ordinal; name_table++, iat++) {
    LPCSTR name = NULL;
    WORD ordinal = 0;
    WORD hint = 0;

    if (IMAGE_SNAP_BY_ORDINAL(name_table->u1.Ordinal)) {
      ordinal = static_cast<WORD>(IMAGE_ORDINAL32(name_table->u1.Ordinal));
    } else {
      PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME import = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME>(
          RVAToAddr(name_table->u1.ForwarderString));

      hint = import->Hint;
      name = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(&import->Name);
    }

    if (!callback(*this, module_name, ordinal, name, hint, iat, cookie))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumAllImports(EnumImportsFunction callback, PVOID cookie) const {
  EnumAllImportsStorage temp = { callback, cookie };
  return EnumImportChunks(ProcessImportChunk, &temp);
}

bool PEImage::EnumDelayImportChunks(EnumDelayImportChunksFunction callback,
                                    PVOID cookie) const {
  PVOID directory = GetImageDirectoryEntryAddr(
                        IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DELAY_IMPORT);
  DWORD size = GetImageDirectoryEntrySize(IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DELAY_IMPORT);
  PImgDelayDescr delay_descriptor = reinterpret_cast<PImgDelayDescr>(directory);

  if (directory == NULL || size == 0)
    return true;

  for (; delay_descriptor->rvaHmod; delay_descriptor++) {
    PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA name_table;
    PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA iat;
    PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA bound_iat;    // address of the optional bound IAT
    PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA unload_iat;   // address of optional copy of original IAT
    LPCSTR module_name;

    // check if VC7-style imports, using RVAs instead of
    // VC6-style addresses.
    bool rvas = (delay_descriptor->grAttrs & dlattrRva) != 0;

    if (rvas) {
      module_name = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(
                        RVAToAddr(delay_descriptor->rvaDLLName));
      name_table = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                       RVAToAddr(delay_descriptor->rvaINT));
      iat = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                RVAToAddr(delay_descriptor->rvaIAT));
      bound_iat = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                      RVAToAddr(delay_descriptor->rvaBoundIAT));
      unload_iat = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                       RVAToAddr(delay_descriptor->rvaUnloadIAT));
    } else {
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 4312)
      // These casts generate warnings because they are 32 bit specific.
      module_name = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(delay_descriptor->rvaDLLName);
      name_table = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                       delay_descriptor->rvaINT);
      iat = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(delay_descriptor->rvaIAT);
      bound_iat = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                      delay_descriptor->rvaBoundIAT);
      unload_iat = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
                       delay_descriptor->rvaUnloadIAT);
#pragma warning(pop)
    }

    if (!callback(*this, delay_descriptor, module_name, name_table, iat,
                  bound_iat, unload_iat, cookie))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumOneDelayImportChunk(EnumImportsFunction callback,
                                      PImgDelayDescr delay_descriptor,
                                      LPCSTR module_name,
                                      PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA name_table,
                                      PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA iat,
                                      PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA bound_iat,
                                      PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA unload_iat,
                                      PVOID cookie) const {
  UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(bound_iat);
  UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(unload_iat);

  for (; name_table->u1.Ordinal; name_table++, iat++) {
    LPCSTR name = NULL;
    WORD ordinal = 0;
    WORD hint = 0;

    if (IMAGE_SNAP_BY_ORDINAL(name_table->u1.Ordinal)) {
      ordinal = static_cast<WORD>(IMAGE_ORDINAL32(name_table->u1.Ordinal));
    } else {
      PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME import;
      bool rvas = (delay_descriptor->grAttrs & dlattrRva) != 0;

      if (rvas) {
        import = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME>(
                     RVAToAddr(name_table->u1.ForwarderString));
      } else {
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 4312)
        // This cast generates a warning because it is 32 bit specific.
        import = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME>(
                     name_table->u1.ForwarderString);
#pragma warning(pop)
      }

      hint = import->Hint;
      name = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(&import->Name);
    }

    if (!callback(*this, module_name, ordinal, name, hint, iat, cookie))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::EnumAllDelayImports(EnumImportsFunction callback,
                                  PVOID cookie) const {
  EnumAllImportsStorage temp = { callback, cookie };
  return EnumDelayImportChunks(ProcessDelayImportChunk, &temp);
}

bool PEImage::VerifyMagic() const {
  PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER dos_header = GetDosHeader();

  if (dos_header->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE)
    return false;

  PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers = GetNTHeaders();

  if (nt_headers->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE)
    return false;

  if (nt_headers->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader !=
      sizeof(IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER))
    return false;

  if (nt_headers->OptionalHeader.Magic != IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR_MAGIC)
    return false;

  return true;
}

bool PEImage::ImageRVAToOnDiskOffset(DWORD rva, DWORD *on_disk_offset) const {
  LPVOID address = RVAToAddr(rva);
  return ImageAddrToOnDiskOffset(address, on_disk_offset);
}

bool PEImage::ImageAddrToOnDiskOffset(LPVOID address,
                                      DWORD *on_disk_offset) const {
  if (NULL == address)
    return false;

  // Get the section that this address belongs to.
  PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER section_header = GetImageSectionFromAddr(address);
  if (NULL == section_header)
    return false;

#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 4311)
  // These casts generate warnings because they are 32 bit specific.
  // Don't follow the virtual RVAToAddr, use the one on the base.
  DWORD offset_within_section = reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(address) -
                                    reinterpret_cast<DWORD>(PEImage::RVAToAddr(
                                        section_header->VirtualAddress));
#pragma warning(pop)

  *on_disk_offset = section_header->PointerToRawData + offset_within_section;
  return true;
}

PVOID PEImage::RVAToAddr(DWORD_PTR rva) const {
  if (rva == 0)
    return NULL;

  return reinterpret_cast<char*>(module_) + rva;
}

PVOID PEImageAsData::RVAToAddr(DWORD_PTR rva) const {
  if (rva == 0)
    return NULL;

  PVOID in_memory = PEImage::RVAToAddr(rva);
  DWORD dummy;

  if (!ImageAddrToOnDiskOffset(in_memory, &dummy))
    return NULL;

  return in_memory;
}