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| ><TR |
| ><TH |
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| ALIGN="center" |
| >Video for Linux Two API Specification: Revision 0.24</TH |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| WIDTH="10%" |
| ALIGN="left" |
| VALIGN="bottom" |
| ><A |
| HREF="c2030.htm" |
| ACCESSKEY="P" |
| >Prev</A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| WIDTH="80%" |
| ALIGN="center" |
| VALIGN="bottom" |
| >Chapter 2. Image Formats</TD |
| ><TD |
| WIDTH="10%" |
| ALIGN="right" |
| VALIGN="bottom" |
| ><A |
| HREF="x2428.htm" |
| ACCESSKEY="N" |
| >Next</A |
| ></TD |
| ></TR |
| ></TABLE |
| ><HR |
| ALIGN="LEFT" |
| WIDTH="100%"></DIV |
| ><DIV |
| CLASS="SECTION" |
| ><H1 |
| CLASS="SECTION" |
| ><A |
| NAME="COLORSPACES" |
| >2.2. Colorspaces</A |
| ></H1 |
| ><P |
| >[intro]</P |
| ><P |
| > <P |
| ></P |
| ><DIV |
| CLASS="VARIABLELIST" |
| ><DL |
| ><DT |
| >Gamma Correction</DT |
| ><DD |
| ><P |
| >[to do]</P |
| ><P |
| >E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > = f(R)</P |
| ><P |
| >E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > = f(G)</P |
| ><P |
| >E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > = f(B)</P |
| ></DD |
| ><DT |
| >Construction of luminance and color-difference |
| signals</DT |
| ><DD |
| ><P |
| >[to do]</P |
| ><P |
| >E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > = |
| Coeff<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + Coeff<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + Coeff<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></P |
| ><P |
| >(E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > - E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| >) = E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| - Coeff<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| - Coeff<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| - Coeff<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></P |
| ><P |
| >(E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > - E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| >) = E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > |
| - Coeff<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| - Coeff<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| - Coeff<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></P |
| ></DD |
| ><DT |
| >Re-normalized color-difference signals</DT |
| ><DD |
| ><P |
| >The color-difference signals are scaled back to unity |
| range [-0.5;+0.5]:</P |
| ><P |
| >K<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > = 0.5 / (1 - Coeff<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| >)</P |
| ><P |
| >K<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > = 0.5 / (1 - Coeff<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| >)</P |
| ><P |
| >P<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > = |
| K<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > (E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > - E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| >) = |
| 0.5 (Coeff<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > / Coeff<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| >) E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.5 (Coeff<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > / Coeff<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| >) E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.5 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></P |
| ><P |
| >P<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > = |
| K<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > (E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > - E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| >) = |
| 0.5 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.5 (Coeff<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > / Coeff<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| >) E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.5 (Coeff<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > / Coeff<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| >) E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></P |
| ></DD |
| ><DT |
| >Quantization</DT |
| ><DD |
| ><P |
| >[to do]</P |
| ><P |
| >Y' = (Lum. Levels - 1) · E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + Lum. Offset</P |
| ><P |
| >C<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > = (Chrom. Levels - 1) |
| · P<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| > + Chrom. Offset</P |
| ><P |
| >C<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > = (Chrom. Levels - 1) |
| · P<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > + Chrom. Offset</P |
| ><P |
| >Rounding to the nearest integer and clamping to the range |
| [0;255] finally yields the digital color components Y'CbCr |
| stored in YUV images.</P |
| ></DD |
| ></DL |
| ></DIV |
| > |
| </P |
| ><DIV |
| CLASS="EXAMPLE" |
| ><A |
| NAME="AEN2217" |
| ></A |
| ><P |
| ><B |
| >Example 2-1. ITU-R Rec. BT.601 color conversion</B |
| ></P |
| ><P |
| >Forward Transformation</P |
| ><PRE |
| CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
| >int ER, EG, EB; /* gamma corrected RGB input [0;255] */ |
| int Y1, Cb, Cr; /* output [0;255] */ |
| |
| double r, g, b; /* temporaries */ |
| double y1, pb, pr; |
| |
| int |
| clamp (double x) |
| { |
| int r = x; /* round to nearest */ |
| |
| if (r < 0) return 0; |
| else if (r > 255) return 255; |
| else return r; |
| } |
| |
| r = ER / 255.0; |
| g = EG / 255.0; |
| b = EB / 255.0; |
| |
| y1 = 0.299 * r + 0.587 * g + 0.114 * b; |
| pb = -0.169 * r - 0.331 * g + 0.5 * b; |
| pr = 0.5 * r - 0.419 * g - 0.081 * b; |
| |
| Y1 = clamp (219 * y1 + 16); |
| Cb = clamp (224 * pb + 128); |
| Cr = clamp (224 * pr + 128); |
| |
| /* or shorter */ |
| |
| y1 = 0.299 * ER + 0.587 * EG + 0.114 * EB; |
| |
| Y1 = clamp ( (219 / 255.0) * y1 + 16); |
| Cb = clamp (((224 / 255.0) / (2 - 2 * 0.114)) * (EB - y1) + 128); |
| Cr = clamp (((224 / 255.0) / (2 - 2 * 0.299)) * (ER - y1) + 128); |
| </PRE |
| ><P |
| >Inverse Transformation</P |
| ><PRE |
| CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" |
| >int Y1, Cb, Cr; /* gamma pre-corrected input [0;255] */ |
| int ER, EG, EB; /* output [0;255] */ |
| |
| double r, g, b; /* temporaries */ |
| double y1, pb, pr; |
| |
| int |
| clamp (double x) |
| { |
| int r = x; /* round to nearest */ |
| |
| if (r < 0) return 0; |
| else if (r > 255) return 255; |
| else return r; |
| } |
| |
| y1 = (255 / 219.0) * (Y1 - 16); |
| pb = (255 / 224.0) * (Cb - 128); |
| pr = (255 / 224.0) * (Cr - 128); |
| |
| r = 1.0 * y1 + 0 * pb + 1.402 * pr; |
| g = 1.0 * y1 - 0.344 * pb - 0.714 * pr; |
| b = 1.0 * y1 + 1.772 * pb + 0 * pr; |
| |
| ER = clamp (r * 255); /* [ok? one should prob. limit y1,pb,pr] */ |
| EG = clamp (g * 255); |
| EB = clamp (b * 255); |
| </PRE |
| ></DIV |
| ><DIV |
| CLASS="TABLE" |
| ><A |
| NAME="V4L2-COLORSPACE" |
| ></A |
| ><P |
| ><B |
| >Table 2-2. enum v4l2_colorspace</B |
| ></P |
| ><TABLE |
| BORDER="1" |
| WIDTH="100%" |
| CLASS="CALSTABLE" |
| ><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| ALIGN="LEFT"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| ALIGN="CENTER"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| ALIGN="LEFT"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="CR"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="CG"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="CB"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="WP"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="GC"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="LUM"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="QY"><COL |
| WIDTH="9%" |
| TITLE="QC"><THEAD |
| ><TR |
| ><TH |
| ROWSPAN="2" |
| >Identifier</TH |
| ><TH |
| ROWSPAN="2" |
| >Value</TH |
| ><TH |
| ROWSPAN="2" |
| >Description</TH |
| ><TH |
| COLSPAN="3" |
| >Chromaticities<A |
| NAME="AEN2246" |
| HREF="x2123.htm#FTN.AEN2246" |
| ><SPAN |
| CLASS="footnote" |
| >[a]</SPAN |
| ></A |
| ></TH |
| ><TH |
| ROWSPAN="2" |
| >White Point</TH |
| ><TH |
| ROWSPAN="2" |
| >Gamma Correction</TH |
| ><TH |
| ROWSPAN="2" |
| >Luminance E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| ></TH |
| ><TH |
| COLSPAN="2" |
| >Quantization</TH |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TH |
| >Red</TH |
| ><TH |
| >Green</TH |
| ><TH |
| >Blue</TH |
| ><TH |
| >Y'</TH |
| ><TH |
| >Cb, Cr</TH |
| ></TR |
| ></THEAD |
| ><TBODY |
| VALIGN="TOP" |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE170M</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >1</TD |
| ><TD |
| >NTSC/PAL according to <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#SMPTE170M" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >SMPTE 170M</ABBR |
| ></A |
| >, |
| <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU601" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.601</ABBR |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.630, y = 0.340</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.310, y = 0.595</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.155, y = 0.070</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.3127, y = 0.3290, |
| Illuminant D<SUB |
| >65</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >E' = 4.5 I for I ≤0.018, |
| 1.099 I<SUP |
| >0.45</SUP |
| > - 0.099 for 0.018 < I</TD |
| ><TD |
| >0.299 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.587 E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.114 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >219 E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + 16</TD |
| ><TD |
| >224 P<SUB |
| >B,R</SUB |
| > + 128</TD |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE240M</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >2</TD |
| ><TD |
| >1125-Line (US) HDTV, see <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#SMPTE240M" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >SMPTE 240M</ABBR |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.630, y = 0.340</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.310, y = 0.595</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.155, y = 0.070</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.3127, y = 0.3290, |
| Illuminant D<SUB |
| >65</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >E' = 4 I for I ≤0.0228, |
| 1.1115 I<SUP |
| >0.45</SUP |
| > - 0.1115 for 0.0228 < I</TD |
| ><TD |
| >0.212 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.701 E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.087 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >219 E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + 16</TD |
| ><TD |
| >224 P<SUB |
| >B,R</SUB |
| > + 128</TD |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_REC709</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >3</TD |
| ><TD |
| >HDTV and modern devices, see <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU709" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.709</ABBR |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.640, y = 0.330</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.300, y = 0.600</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.150, y = 0.060</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.3127, y = 0.3290, |
| Illuminant D<SUB |
| >65</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >E' = 4.5 I for I ≤0.018, |
| 1.099 I<SUP |
| >0.45</SUP |
| > - 0.099 for 0.018 < I</TD |
| ><TD |
| >0.2125 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.7154 E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.0721 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >219 E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + 16</TD |
| ><TD |
| >224 P<SUB |
| >B,R</SUB |
| > + 128</TD |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT878</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >4</TD |
| ><TD |
| >Broken Bt878 extents<A |
| NAME="AEN2329" |
| HREF="x2123.htm#FTN.AEN2329" |
| ><SPAN |
| CLASS="footnote" |
| >[b]</SPAN |
| ></A |
| >, <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU601" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.601</ABBR |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >0.299 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.587 E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.114 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| ><SPAN |
| CLASS="emphasis" |
| ><I |
| CLASS="EMPHASIS" |
| >237</I |
| ></SPAN |
| > E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + 16</TD |
| ><TD |
| >224 P<SUB |
| >B,R</SUB |
| > + 128 (probably)</TD |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_M</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >5</TD |
| ><TD |
| >M/NTSC<A |
| NAME="AEN2352" |
| HREF="x2123.htm#FTN.AEN2352" |
| ><SPAN |
| CLASS="footnote" |
| >[c]</SPAN |
| ></A |
| > according to <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU470" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.470</ABBR |
| ></A |
| >, <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU601" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.601</ABBR |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.67, y = 0.33</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.21, y = 0.71</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.14, y = 0.08</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.310, y = 0.316, Illuminant C</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >0.299 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.587 E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.114 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >219 E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + 16</TD |
| ><TD |
| >224 P<SUB |
| >B,R</SUB |
| > + 128</TD |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_BG</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >6</TD |
| ><TD |
| >625-line PAL and SECAM systems according to <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU470" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.470</ABBR |
| ></A |
| >, <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU601" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.601</ABBR |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.64, y = 0.33</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.29, y = 0.60</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.15, y = 0.06</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.313, y = 0.329, |
| Illuminant D<SUB |
| >65</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >0.299 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.587 E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.114 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >219 E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + 16</TD |
| ><TD |
| >224 P<SUB |
| >B,R</SUB |
| > + 128</TD |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >7</TD |
| ><TD |
| >JPEG Y'CbCr, see <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#JFIF" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >JFIF</ABBR |
| ></A |
| >, <A |
| HREF="b17127.htm#ITU601" |
| ><ABBR |
| CLASS="ABBREV" |
| >ITU BT.601</ABBR |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >?</TD |
| ><TD |
| >0.299 E'<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.587 E'<SUB |
| >G</SUB |
| > |
| + 0.114 E'<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >256 E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > + 16<A |
| NAME="AEN2408" |
| HREF="x2123.htm#FTN.AEN2408" |
| ><SPAN |
| CLASS="footnote" |
| >[d]</SPAN |
| ></A |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >256 P<SUB |
| >B,R</SUB |
| > + 128</TD |
| ></TR |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| ><CODE |
| CLASS="CONSTANT" |
| >V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB</CODE |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >8</TD |
| ><TD |
| >[?]</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.640, y = 0.330</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.300, y = 0.600</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.150, y = 0.060</TD |
| ><TD |
| >x = 0.3127, y = 0.3290, |
| Illuminant D<SUB |
| >65</SUB |
| ></TD |
| ><TD |
| >E' = 4.5 I for I ≤0.018, |
| 1.099 I<SUP |
| >0.45</SUP |
| > - 0.099 for 0.018 < I</TD |
| ><TD |
| COLSPAN="3" |
| >n/a</TD |
| ></TR |
| ></TBODY |
| ><TR |
| ><TD |
| COLSPAN="11" |
| >Notes:<BR><A |
| NAME="FTN.AEN2246" |
| >a. </A |
| >The coordinates of the color primaries are |
| given in the CIE system (1931)<BR><A |
| NAME="FTN.AEN2329" |
| >b. </A |
| >The ubiquitous Bt878 video capture chip |
| quantizes E'<SUB |
| >Y</SUB |
| > to 238 levels, yielding a range |
| of Y' = 16 … 253, unlike Rec. 601 Y' = 16 … |
| 235. This is not a typo in the Bt878 documentation, it has been |
| implemented in silicon. The chroma extents are unclear.<BR><A |
| NAME="FTN.AEN2352" |
| >c. </A |
| >No identifier exists for M/PAL which uses |
| the chromaticities of M/NTSC, the remaining parameters are equal to B and |
| G/PAL.<BR><A |
| NAME="FTN.AEN2408" |
| >d. </A |
| >Note JFIF quantizes |
| Y'P<SUB |
| >B</SUB |
| >P<SUB |
| >R</SUB |
| > in range [0;+1] and |
| [-0.5;+0.5] to <SPAN |
| CLASS="emphasis" |
| ><I |
| CLASS="EMPHASIS" |
| >257</I |
| ></SPAN |
| > levels, however Y'CbCr signals |
| are still clamped to [0;255].<BR></TD |
| ></TR |
| ></TABLE |
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