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| The Mesa 3D Graphics Library |
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| <h1>Introduction</h1> |
| |
| <p> |
| The Mesa project began as an open-source implementation of the |
| <a href="https://www.opengl.org/">OpenGL</a> specification - |
| a system for rendering interactive 3D graphics. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| Over the years the project has grown to implement more graphics APIs, |
| including |
| <a href="https://www.khronos.org/opengles/">OpenGL ES</a> (versions 1, 2, 3), |
| <a href="https://www.khronos.org/opencl/">OpenCL</a>, |
| <a href="https://www.khronos.org/openmax/">OpenMAX</a>, |
| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDPAU">VDPAU</a>, |
| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Acceleration_API">VA API</a>, |
| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Video_Motion_Compensation">XvMC</a> and |
| <a href="https://www.khronos.org/vulkan/">Vulkan</a>. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| A variety of device drivers allows the Mesa libraries to be used in many |
| different environments ranging from software emulation to complete hardware |
| acceleration for modern GPUs. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| Mesa ties into several other open-source projects: the |
| <a href="https://dri.freedesktop.org/">Direct Rendering |
| Infrastructure</a> and <a href="https://x.org">X.org</a> to |
| provide OpenGL support on Linux, FreeBSD and other operating |
| systems. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| |
| <h2>Project History</h2> |
| |
| <p> |
| The Mesa project was originally started by Brian Paul. |
| Here's a short history of the project. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| August, 1993: I begin working on Mesa in my spare time. The project |
| has no name at that point. I was simply interested in writing a simple |
| 3D graphics library that used the then-new OpenGL API. I was partially |
| inspired by the <em>VOGL</em> library which emulated a subset of IRIS GL. |
| I had been programming with IRIS GL since 1991. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| November 1994: I contact SGI to ask permission to distribute my OpenGL-like |
| graphics library on the internet. SGI was generally receptive to the |
| idea and after negotiations with SGI's legal department, I get permission |
| to release it. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| February 1995: Mesa 1.0 is released on the internet. I expected that |
| a few people would be interested in it, but not thousands. |
| I was soon receiving patches, new features and thank-you notes on a |
| daily basis. That encouraged me to continue working on Mesa. The |
| name Mesa just popped into my head one day. SGI had asked me not to use |
| the terms <em>"Open"</em> or <em>"GL"</em> in the project name and I didn't |
| want to make up a new acronym. Later, I heard of the Mesa programming |
| language and the Mesa spreadsheet for NeXTStep. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| In the early days, OpenGL wasn't available on too many systems. |
| It even took a while for SGI to support it across their product line. |
| Mesa filled a big hole during that time. |
| For a lot of people, Mesa was their first introduction to OpenGL. |
| I think SGI recognized that Mesa actually helped to promote |
| the OpenGL API, so they didn't feel threatened by the project. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <p> |
| 1995-1996: I continue working on Mesa both during my spare time and during |
| my work hours at the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University |
| of Wisconsin in Madison. My supervisor, Bill Hibbard, lets me do this because |
| Mesa is now being using for the <a href="https://www.ssec.wisc.edu/%7Ebillh/vis.html">Vis5D</a> project. |
| </p><p> |
| October 1996: Mesa 2.0 is released. It implements the OpenGL 1.1 specification. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| March 1997: Mesa 2.2 is released. It supports the new 3dfx Voodoo graphics |
| card via the Glide library. It's the first really popular hardware OpenGL |
| implementation for Linux. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| September 1998: Mesa 3.0 is released. It's the first publicly-available |
| implementation of the OpenGL 1.2 API. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| March 1999: I attend my first OpenGL ARB meeting. I contribute to the |
| development of several official OpenGL extensions over the years. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| September 1999: I'm hired by Precision Insight, Inc. Mesa is a key |
| component of 3D hardware acceleration in the new DRI project for XFree86. |
| Drivers for 3dfx, 3dLabs, Intel, Matrox and ATI hardware soon follow. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| October 2001: Mesa 4.0 is released. |
| It implements the OpenGL 1.3 specification. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <p> |
| November 2001: I cofounded Tungsten Graphics, Inc. with Keith Whitwell, |
| Jens Owen, David Dawes and Frank LaMonica. |
| Tungsten Graphics was acquired by VMware in December 2008. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| November 2002: Mesa 5.0 is released. |
| It implements the OpenGL 1.4 specification. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| January 2003: Mesa 6.0 is released. It implements the OpenGL 1.5 |
| specification as well as the GL_ARB_vertex_program and |
| GL_ARB_fragment_program extensions. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| June 2007: Mesa 7.0 is released, implementing the OpenGL 2.1 specification |
| and OpenGL Shading Language. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| 2008: Keith Whitwell and other Tungsten Graphics employees develop |
| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium3D">Gallium</a> |
| - a new GPU abstraction layer. The latest Mesa drivers are based on |
| Gallium and other APIs such as OpenVG are implemented on top of Gallium. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| February 2012: Mesa 8.0 is released, implementing the OpenGL 3.0 specification |
| and version 1.30 of the OpenGL Shading Language. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| July 2016: Mesa 12.0 is released, including OpenGL 4.3 support and initial |
| support for Vulkan for Intel GPUs. Plus, there's another gallium software |
| driver ("swr") based on LLVM and developed by Intel. |
| </p> |
| |
| <p> |
| Ongoing: Mesa is the OpenGL implementation for devices designed by |
| Intel, AMD, NVIDIA, Qualcomm, Broadcom, Vivante, plus the VMware and |
| VirGL virtual GPUs. |
| There's also several software-based renderers: swrast (the legacy |
| Mesa rasterizer), softpipe (a gallium reference driver), llvmpipe |
| (LLVM/JIT-based high-speed rasterizer) and swr (another LLVM-based driver). |
| </p> |
| <p> |
| Work continues on the drivers and core Mesa to implement newer versions |
| of the OpenGL, OpenGL ES and Vulkan specifications. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| |
| <h2>Major Versions</h2> |
| |
| <p> |
| This is a summary of the major versions of Mesa. |
| Mesa's major version number has been incremented whenever a new version |
| of the OpenGL specification is implemented. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 12.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 12.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 4.3 API, but not all drivers |
| support OpenGL 4.3. |
| </p> |
| <p> |
| Initial support for Vulkan is also included. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 11.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 11.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 4.1 API, but not all drivers |
| support OpenGL 4.1. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 10.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 10.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 3.3 API, but not all drivers |
| support OpenGL 3.3. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 9.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 9.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 3.1 API. |
| While the driver for Intel Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge is the only |
| driver to support OpenGL 3.1, many developers across the open-source |
| community contributed features required for OpenGL 3.1. The primary |
| features added since the Mesa 8.0 release are |
| GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object and GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object. |
| </p> |
| <p> |
| Version 9.0 of Mesa also included the first release of the Clover state |
| tracker for OpenCL. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 8.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 8.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 3.0 API. |
| The developers at Intel deserve a lot of credit for implementing most |
| of the OpenGL 3.0 features in core Mesa, the GLSL compiler as well as |
| the i965 driver. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 7.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 7.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 2.1 API. The main feature |
| of OpenGL 2.x is the OpenGL Shading Language. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 6.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 6.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 1.5 API with the following |
| extensions incorporated as standard features: |
| </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>GL_ARB_occlusion_query |
| <li>GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object |
| <li>GL_EXT_shadow_funcs |
| </ul> |
| <p> |
| Also note that several OpenGL tokens were renamed in OpenGL 1.5 |
| for the sake of consistency. |
| The old tokens are still available. |
| </p> |
| <pre> |
| New Token Old Token |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| GL_FOG_COORD_SRC GL_FOG_COORDINATE_SOURCE |
| GL_FOG_COORD GL_FOG_COORDINATE |
| GL_CURRENT_FOG_COORD GL_CURRENT_FOG_COORDINATE |
| GL_FOG_COORD_ARRAY_TYPE GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_TYPE |
| GL_FOG_COORD_ARRAY_STRIDE GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_STRIDE |
| GL_FOG_COORD_ARRAY_POINTER GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY_POINTER |
| GL_FOG_COORD_ARRAY GL_FOG_COORDINATE_ARRAY |
| GL_SRC0_RGB GL_SOURCE0_RGB |
| GL_SRC1_RGB GL_SOURCE1_RGB |
| GL_SRC2_RGB GL_SOURCE2_RGB |
| GL_SRC0_ALPHA GL_SOURCE0_ALPHA |
| GL_SRC1_ALPHA GL_SOURCE1_ALPHA |
| GL_SRC2_ALPHA GL_SOURCE2_ALPHA |
| </pre> |
| <p> |
| See the |
| <a href="https://www.opengl.org/documentation/spec.html"> |
| OpenGL specification</a> for more details. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 5.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 5.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 1.4 API with the following |
| extensions incorporated as standard features: |
| </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>GL_ARB_depth_texture |
| <li>GL_ARB_shadow |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_mirror_repeat |
| <li>GL_ARB_window_pos |
| <li>GL_EXT_blend_color |
| <li>GL_EXT_blend_func_separate |
| <li>GL_EXT_blend_logic_op |
| <li>GL_EXT_blend_minmax |
| <li>GL_EXT_blend_subtract |
| <li>GL_EXT_fog_coord |
| <li>GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays |
| <li>GL_EXT_point_parameters |
| <li>GL_EXT_secondary_color |
| <li>GL_EXT_stencil_wrap |
| <li>GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias (plus, a per-texture LOD bias parameter) |
| <li>GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap |
| </ul> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 4.x features</h3> |
| |
| <p> |
| Version 4.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 1.3 API with the following |
| extensions incorporated as standard features: |
| </p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>GL_ARB_multisample |
| <li>GL_ARB_multitexture |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_compression |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_cube_map |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_env_add |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_env_combine |
| <li>GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3 |
| <li>GL_ARB_transpose_matrix |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3>Version 3.x features</h3> |
| |
| <p> |
| Version 3.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 1.2 API with the following |
| features: |
| </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>BGR, BGRA and packed pixel formats |
| <li>New texture border clamp mode |
| <li>glDrawRangeElements() |
| <li>standard 3-D texturing |
| <li>advanced MIPMAP control |
| <li>separate specular color interpolation |
| </ul> |
| |
| |
| <h3>Version 2.x features</h3> |
| <p> |
| Version 2.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 1.1 API with the following |
| features. |
| </p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Texture mapping: |
| <ul> |
| <li>glAreTexturesResident |
| <li>glBindTexture |
| <li>glCopyTexImage1D |
| <li>glCopyTexImage2D |
| <li>glCopyTexSubImage1D |
| <li>glCopyTexSubImage2D |
| <li>glDeleteTextures |
| <li>glGenTextures |
| <li>glIsTexture |
| <li>glPrioritizeTextures |
| <li>glTexSubImage1D |
| <li>glTexSubImage2D |
| </ul> |
| <li>Vertex Arrays: |
| <ul> |
| <li>glArrayElement |
| <li>glColorPointer |
| <li>glDrawElements |
| <li>glEdgeFlagPointer |
| <li>glIndexPointer |
| <li>glInterleavedArrays |
| <li>glNormalPointer |
| <li>glTexCoordPointer |
| <li>glVertexPointer |
| </ul> |
| <li>Client state management: |
| <ul> |
| <li>glDisableClientState |
| <li>glEnableClientState |
| <li>glPopClientAttrib |
| <li>glPushClientAttrib |
| </ul> |
| <li>Misc: |
| <ul> |
| <li>glGetPointer |
| <li>glIndexub |
| <li>glIndexubv |
| <li>glPolygonOffset |
| </ul> |
| </ul> |
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