pw_cpu_exception_cortex_m/cpu_state.cc

// Copyright 2019 The Pigweed Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
// use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
// the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
// the License.

#include "pw_cpu_exception_cortex_m/cpu_state.h"

#include <cinttypes>
#include <cstdint>
#include <span>

#include "pw_cpu_exception/support.h"
#include "pw_cpu_exception_cortex_m_private/cortex_m_constants.h"
#include "pw_log/log.h"
#include "pw_string/string_builder.h"

// TODO(amontanez): Set up config when this module is moved to *_cortex_m.
#ifndef PW_CPU_EXCEPTION_EXTENDED_CFSR_DUMP
#define PW_CPU_EXCEPTION_EXTENDED_CFSR_DUMP 0
#endif  // PW_CPU_EXCEPTION_EXTENDED_CFSR_DUMP

namespace pw::cpu_exception {
namespace {

[[maybe_unused]] void AnalyzeCfsr(const uint32_t cfsr) {
  if (cfsr == 0) {
    return;
  }

  PW_LOG_INFO("Active CFSR fields:");

  // Memory managment fault fields.
  if (cfsr & kCfsrIaccviolMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  IACCVIOL: MPU violation on instruction fetch");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrDaccviolMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  DACCVIOL: MPU violation on memory read/write");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrMunstkerrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  MUNSTKERR: 'MPU violation on exception return");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrMstkerrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  MSTKERR: MPU violation on exception entry");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrMlsperrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  MLSPERR: MPU violation on lazy FPU state preservation");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrMmarvalidMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  MMARVALID: MMFAR register is valid");
  }

  // Bus fault fields.
  if (cfsr & kCfsrIbuserrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  IBUSERR: Bus fault on instruction fetch");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrPreciserrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  PRECISERR: Precise bus fault");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrImpreciserrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  IMPRECISERR: Imprecise bus fault");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrUnstkerrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  UNSTKERR: Derived bus fault on exception context save");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrStkerrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  STKERR: Derived bus fault on exception context restore");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrLsperrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  LSPERR: Derived bus fault on lazy FPU state preservation");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrBfarvalidMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  BFARVALID: BFAR register is valid");
  }

  // Usage fault fields.
  if (cfsr & kCfsrUndefinstrMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  UNDEFINSTR: Encountered invalid instruction");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrInvstateMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR(
        "  INVSTATE: Attempted to execute an instruction with an invalid "
        "Execution Program Status Register (EPSR) value");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrInvpcMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  INVPC: Program Counter (PC) is not legal");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrNocpMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  NOCP: Coprocessor disabled or not present");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrUnalignedMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  UNALIGNED: Unaligned memory access");
  }
  if (cfsr & kCfsrDivbyzeroMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  DIVBYZERO: Division by zero");
  }
  // This flag is only present on ARMv8-M cores.
  if (cfsr & kCfsrStkofMask) {
    PW_LOG_ERROR("  STKOF: Stack overflowed");
  }
}

void AnalyzeException(const pw_cpu_exception_State& cpu_state) {
  // This provides a high-level assessment of the cause of the exception.
  // These conditionals are ordered by priority to ensure the most critical
  // issues are highlighted first. These are not mutually exclusive; a bus fault
  // could occur during the handling of a MPU violation, causing a nested fault.
  if (cpu_state.extended.hfsr & kHfsrForcedMask) {
    PW_LOG_CRITICAL("Encountered a nested CPU fault (See active CFSR fields)");
  }
  // TODO(pwbug/296): #if this out on non-ARMv7-M builds.
  if (cpu_state.extended.cfsr & kCfsrStkofMask) {
    if (cpu_state.extended.exc_return & kExcReturnStackMask) {
      PW_LOG_CRITICAL("Encountered stack overflow in thread mode");
    } else {
      PW_LOG_CRITICAL("Encountered main (interrupt handler) stack overflow");
    }
  }
  if (cpu_state.extended.cfsr & kCfsrMemFaultMask) {
    if (cpu_state.extended.cfsr & kCfsrMmarvalidMask) {
      PW_LOG_CRITICAL(
          "Encountered Memory Protection Unit (MPU) violation at 0x%08" PRIx32,
          cpu_state.extended.mmfar);
    } else {
      PW_LOG_CRITICAL("Encountered Memory Protection Unit (MPU) violation");
    }
  }
  if (cpu_state.extended.cfsr & kCfsrBusFaultMask) {
    if (cpu_state.extended.cfsr & kCfsrBfarvalidMask) {
      PW_LOG_CRITICAL("Encountered bus fault at 0x%08" PRIx32,
                      cpu_state.extended.bfar);
    } else {
      PW_LOG_CRITICAL("Encountered bus fault");
    }
  }
  if (cpu_state.extended.cfsr & kCfsrUsageFaultMask) {
    PW_LOG_CRITICAL("Encountered usage fault (See active CFSR fields)");
  }
  if ((cpu_state.extended.icsr & kIcsrVectactiveMask) == kNmiIsrNum) {
    PW_LOG_INFO("Encountered non-maskable interrupt (NMI)");
  }
#if PW_CPU_EXCEPTION_EXTENDED_CFSR_DUMP
  AnalyzeCfsr(cpu_state.extended.cfsr);
#endif  // PW_CPU_EXCEPTION_EXTENDED_CFSR_DUMP
}
}  // namespace

std::span<const uint8_t> RawFaultingCpuState(
    const pw_cpu_exception_State& cpu_state) {
  return std::span(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&cpu_state),
                   sizeof(cpu_state));
}

// Using this function adds approximately 100 bytes to binary size.
void ToString(const pw_cpu_exception_State& cpu_state,
              const std::span<char>& dest) {
  StringBuilder builder(dest);
  const CortexMExceptionRegisters& base = cpu_state.base;
  const CortexMExtraRegisters& extended = cpu_state.extended;

#define _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(state_section, name) \
  builder.Format("%s=0x%08" PRIx32 "\n", #name, state_section.name)

  // Other registers.
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, pc);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, lr);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, psr);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, msp);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, psp);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, exc_return);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, cfsr);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, mmfar);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, bfar);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, icsr);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, hfsr);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, shcsr);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, control);

  // General purpose registers.
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, r0);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, r1);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, r2);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, r3);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r4);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r5);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r6);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r7);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r8);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r9);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r10);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(extended, r11);
  _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER(base, r12);

#undef _PW_FORMAT_REGISTER
}

// Using this function adds approximately 100 bytes to binary size.
void LogCpuState(const pw_cpu_exception_State& cpu_state) {
  const CortexMExceptionRegisters& base = cpu_state.base;
  const CortexMExtraRegisters& extended = cpu_state.extended;

  AnalyzeException(cpu_state);

  PW_LOG_INFO("All captured CPU registers:");

#define _PW_LOG_REGISTER(state_section, name) \
  PW_LOG_INFO("  %-10s 0x%08" PRIx32, #name, state_section.name)

  // Other registers.
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, pc);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, lr);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, psr);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, msp);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, psp);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, exc_return);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, cfsr);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, mmfar);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, bfar);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, icsr);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, hfsr);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, shcsr);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, control);

  // General purpose registers.
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, r0);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, r1);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, r2);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, r3);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r4);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r5);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r6);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r7);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r8);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r9);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r10);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(extended, r11);
  _PW_LOG_REGISTER(base, r12);

#undef _PW_LOG_REGISTER
}

}  // namespace pw::cpu_exception