Lib/shelve.py

"""Manage shelves of pickled objects.

A "shelf" is a persistent, dictionary-like object.  The difference
with dbm databases is that the values (not the keys!) in a shelf can
be essentially arbitrary Python objects -- anything that the "pickle"
module can handle.  This includes most class instances, recursive data
types, and objects containing lots of shared sub-objects.  The keys
are ordinary strings.

To summarize the interface (key is a string, data is an arbitrary
object):

	import shelve
	d = shelve.open(filename)	# open, with (g)dbm filename

	d[key] = data	# store data at key (overwrites old data if
			# using an existing key)
	data = d[key]	# retrieve data at key (raise KeyError if no
			# such key)
	del d[key]	# delete data stored at key (raises KeyError
			# if no such key)
	flag = d.has_key(key)	# true if the key exists
	list = d.keys()	# a list of all existing keys (slow!)

	d.close()	# close it

Dependent on the implementation, closing a persistent dictionary may
or may not be necessary to flush changes to disk.
"""

import pickle
import StringIO


class Shelf:
	"""Base class for shelf implementations.

	This is initialized with a dictionary-like object.
	See the module's __doc__ string for an overview of the interface.
	"""

	def __init__(self, dict):
		self.dict = dict
	
	def keys(self):
		return self.dict.keys()
	
	def __len__(self):
		return self.dict.len()
	
	def has_key(self, key):
		return self.dict.has_key(key)
	
	def __getitem__(self, key):
		f = StringIO.StringIO(self.dict[key])
		return pickle.Unpickler(f).load()
	
	def __setitem__(self, key, value):
		f = StringIO.StringIO()
		p = pickle.Pickler(f)
		p.dump(value)
		self.dict[key] = f.getvalue()
	
	def __delitem__(self, key):
		del self.dict[key]
	
	def close(self):
		if hasattr(self.db, 'close'):
			self.db.close()
		self.db = None

	def __del__(self):
		self.close()


class DbShelf(Shelf):
	"""Shelf implementation using the "anydbm" generic dbm interface.

	This is initialized with the filename for the dbm database.
	See the module's __doc__ string for an overview of the interface.
	"""
	
	def __init__(self, filename):
		import anydbm
		Shelf.__init__(self, anydbm.open(filename))


def open(filename):
	"""Open a persistent dictionary for reading and writing.

	Argument is the filename for the dbm database.
	See the module's __doc__ string for an overview of the interface.
	"""
	
	return DbShelf(filename)