| """A more or less complete user-defined wrapper around dictionary objects.""" | 
 |  | 
 | class UserDict: | 
 |     def __init__(self, dict=None, **kwargs): | 
 |         self.data = {} | 
 |         if dict is not None: | 
 |             self.update(dict) | 
 |         if len(kwargs): | 
 |             self.update(kwargs) | 
 |     def __repr__(self): return repr(self.data) | 
 |     def __cmp__(self, dict): | 
 |         if isinstance(dict, UserDict): | 
 |             return cmp(self.data, dict.data) | 
 |         else: | 
 |             return cmp(self.data, dict) | 
 |     def __len__(self): return len(self.data) | 
 |     def __getitem__(self, key): return self.data[key] | 
 |     def __setitem__(self, key, item): self.data[key] = item | 
 |     def __delitem__(self, key): del self.data[key] | 
 |     def clear(self): self.data.clear() | 
 |     def copy(self): | 
 |         if self.__class__ is UserDict: | 
 |             return UserDict(self.data.copy()) | 
 |         import copy | 
 |         data = self.data | 
 |         try: | 
 |             self.data = {} | 
 |             c = copy.copy(self) | 
 |         finally: | 
 |             self.data = data | 
 |         c.update(self) | 
 |         return c | 
 |     def keys(self): return self.data.keys() | 
 |     def items(self): return self.data.items() | 
 |     def iteritems(self): return self.data.iteritems() | 
 |     def iterkeys(self): return self.data.iterkeys() | 
 |     def itervalues(self): return self.data.itervalues() | 
 |     def values(self): return self.data.values() | 
 |     def has_key(self, key): return self.data.has_key(key) | 
 |     def update(self, dict=None, **kwargs): | 
 |         if dict is None: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         elif isinstance(dict, UserDict): | 
 |             self.data.update(dict.data) | 
 |         elif isinstance(dict, type({})) or not hasattr(dict, 'items'): | 
 |             self.data.update(dict) | 
 |         else: | 
 |             for k, v in dict.items(): | 
 |                 self[k] = v | 
 |         if len(kwargs): | 
 |             self.data.update(kwargs) | 
 |     def get(self, key, failobj=None): | 
 |         if not self.has_key(key): | 
 |             return failobj | 
 |         return self[key] | 
 |     def setdefault(self, key, failobj=None): | 
 |         if not self.has_key(key): | 
 |             self[key] = failobj | 
 |         return self[key] | 
 |     def pop(self, key, *args): | 
 |         return self.data.pop(key, *args) | 
 |     def popitem(self): | 
 |         return self.data.popitem() | 
 |     def __contains__(self, key): | 
 |         return key in self.data | 
 |     def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None): | 
 |         d = cls() | 
 |         for key in iterable: | 
 |             d[key] = value | 
 |         return d | 
 |     fromkeys = classmethod(fromkeys) | 
 |  | 
 | class IterableUserDict(UserDict): | 
 |     def __iter__(self): | 
 |         return iter(self.data) | 
 |  | 
 | class DictMixin: | 
 |     # Mixin defining all dictionary methods for classes that already have | 
 |     # a minimum dictionary interface including getitem, setitem, delitem, | 
 |     # and keys. Without knowledge of the subclass constructor, the mixin | 
 |     # does not define __init__() or copy().  In addition to the four base | 
 |     # methods, progressively more efficiency comes with defining | 
 |     # __contains__(), __iter__(), and iteritems(). | 
 |  | 
 |     # second level definitions support higher levels | 
 |     def __iter__(self): | 
 |         for k in self.keys(): | 
 |             yield k | 
 |     def has_key(self, key): | 
 |         try: | 
 |             value = self[key] | 
 |         except KeyError: | 
 |             return False | 
 |         return True | 
 |     def __contains__(self, key): | 
 |         return self.has_key(key) | 
 |  | 
 |     # third level takes advantage of second level definitions | 
 |     def iteritems(self): | 
 |         for k in self: | 
 |             yield (k, self[k]) | 
 |     def iterkeys(self): | 
 |         return self.__iter__() | 
 |  | 
 |     # fourth level uses definitions from lower levels | 
 |     def itervalues(self): | 
 |         for _, v in self.iteritems(): | 
 |             yield v | 
 |     def values(self): | 
 |         return [v for _, v in self.iteritems()] | 
 |     def items(self): | 
 |         return list(self.iteritems()) | 
 |     def clear(self): | 
 |         for key in self.keys(): | 
 |             del self[key] | 
 |     def setdefault(self, key, default=None): | 
 |         try: | 
 |             return self[key] | 
 |         except KeyError: | 
 |             self[key] = default | 
 |         return default | 
 |     def pop(self, key, *args): | 
 |         if len(args) > 1: | 
 |             raise TypeError, "pop expected at most 2 arguments, got "\ | 
 |                               + repr(1 + len(args)) | 
 |         try: | 
 |             value = self[key] | 
 |         except KeyError: | 
 |             if args: | 
 |                 return args[0] | 
 |             raise | 
 |         del self[key] | 
 |         return value | 
 |     def popitem(self): | 
 |         try: | 
 |             k, v = self.iteritems().next() | 
 |         except StopIteration: | 
 |             raise KeyError, 'container is empty' | 
 |         del self[k] | 
 |         return (k, v) | 
 |     def update(self, other=None, **kwargs): | 
 |         # Make progressively weaker assumptions about "other" | 
 |         if other is None: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         elif hasattr(other, 'iteritems'):  # iteritems saves memory and lookups | 
 |             for k, v in other.iteritems(): | 
 |                 self[k] = v | 
 |         elif hasattr(other, 'keys'): | 
 |             for k in other.keys(): | 
 |                 self[k] = other[k] | 
 |         else: | 
 |             for k, v in other: | 
 |                 self[k] = v | 
 |         if kwargs: | 
 |             self.update(kwargs) | 
 |     def get(self, key, default=None): | 
 |         try: | 
 |             return self[key] | 
 |         except KeyError: | 
 |             return default | 
 |     def __repr__(self): | 
 |         return repr(dict(self.iteritems())) | 
 |     def __cmp__(self, other): | 
 |         if other is None: | 
 |             return 1 | 
 |         if isinstance(other, DictMixin): | 
 |             other = dict(other.iteritems()) | 
 |         return cmp(dict(self.iteritems()), other) | 
 |     def __len__(self): | 
 |         return len(self.keys()) |