Mac/Lib/bundlebuilder.py

#! /usr/bin/env python

"""\
bundlebuilder.py -- Tools to assemble MacOS X (application) bundles.

This module contains two classes to build so called "bundles" for
MacOS X. BundleBuilder is a general tool, AppBuilder is a subclass
specialized in building application bundles.

[Bundle|App]Builder objects are instantiated with a bunch of keyword
arguments, and have a build() method that will do all the work. See
the class doc strings for a description of the constructor arguments.

The module contains a main program that can be used in two ways:

  % python bundlebuilder.py [options] build
  % python buildapp.py [options] build

Where "buildapp.py" is a user-supplied setup.py-like script following
this model:

  from bundlebuilder import buildapp
  buildapp(<lots-of-keyword-args>)

"""

#
# XXX Todo:
# - modulefinder support to build standalone apps
# - consider turning this into a distutils extension
#

__all__ = ["BundleBuilder", "AppBuilder", "buildapp"]


import sys
import os, errno, shutil
from copy import deepcopy
import getopt
from plistlib import Plist
from types import FunctionType as function


class Defaults:

	"""Class attributes that don't start with an underscore and are
	not functions or classmethods are (deep)copied to self.__dict__.
	This allows for mutable default values.
	"""

	def __init__(self, **kwargs):
		defaults = self._getDefaults()
		defaults.update(kwargs)
		self.__dict__.update(defaults)

	def _getDefaults(cls):
		defaults = {}
		for name, value in cls.__dict__.items():
			if name[0] != "_" and not isinstance(value,
					(function, classmethod)):
				defaults[name] = deepcopy(value)
		for base in cls.__bases__:
			if hasattr(base, "_getDefaults"):
				defaults.update(base._getDefaults())
		return defaults
	_getDefaults = classmethod(_getDefaults)


class BundleBuilder(Defaults):

	"""BundleBuilder is a barebones class for assembling bundles. It
	knows nothing about executables or icons, it only copies files
	and creates the PkgInfo and Info.plist files.
	"""

	# (Note that Defaults.__init__ (deep)copies these values to
	# instance variables. Mutable defaults are therefore safe.)

	# Name of the bundle, with or without extension.
	name = None

	# The property list ("plist")
	plist = Plist(CFBundleDevelopmentRegion = "English",
	              CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion = "6.0")

	# The type of the bundle.
	type = "APPL"
	# The creator code of the bundle.
	creator = None

	# List of files that have to be copied to <bundle>/Contents/Resources.
	resources = []

	# List of (src, dest) tuples; dest should be a path relative to the bundle
	# (eg. "Contents/Resources/MyStuff/SomeFile.ext).
	files = []

	# Directory where the bundle will be assembled.
	builddir = "build"

	# platform, name of the subfolder of Contents that contains the executable.
	platform = "MacOS"

	# Make symlinks instead copying files. This is handy during debugging, but
	# makes the bundle non-distributable.
	symlink = 0

	# Verbosity level.
	verbosity = 1

	def setup(self):
		# XXX rethink self.name munging, this is brittle.
		self.name, ext = os.path.splitext(self.name)
		if not ext:
			ext = ".bundle"
		bundleextension = ext
		# misc (derived) attributes
		self.bundlepath = pathjoin(self.builddir, self.name + bundleextension)
		self.execdir = pathjoin("Contents", self.platform)

		plist = self.plist
		plist.CFBundleName = self.name
		plist.CFBundlePackageType = self.type
		if self.creator is None:
			if hasattr(plist, "CFBundleSignature"):
				self.creator = plist.CFBundleSignature
			else:
				self.creator = "????"
		plist.CFBundleSignature = self.creator

	def build(self):
		"""Build the bundle."""
		builddir = self.builddir
		if builddir and not os.path.exists(builddir):
			os.mkdir(builddir)
		self.message("Building %s" % repr(self.bundlepath), 1)
		if os.path.exists(self.bundlepath):
			shutil.rmtree(self.bundlepath)
		os.mkdir(self.bundlepath)
		self.preProcess()
		self._copyFiles()
		self._addMetaFiles()
		self.postProcess()

	def preProcess(self):
		"""Hook for subclasses."""
		pass
	def postProcess(self):
		"""Hook for subclasses."""
		pass

	def _addMetaFiles(self):
		contents = pathjoin(self.bundlepath, "Contents")
		makedirs(contents)
		#
		# Write Contents/PkgInfo
		assert len(self.type) == len(self.creator) == 4, \
				"type and creator must be 4-byte strings."
		pkginfo = pathjoin(contents, "PkgInfo")
		f = open(pkginfo, "wb")
		f.write(self.type + self.creator)
		f.close()
		#
		# Write Contents/Info.plist
		infoplist = pathjoin(contents, "Info.plist")
		self.plist.write(infoplist)

	def _copyFiles(self):
		files = self.files[:]
		for path in self.resources:
			files.append((path, pathjoin("Contents", "Resources",
				os.path.basename(path))))
		if self.symlink:
			self.message("Making symbolic links", 1)
			msg = "Making symlink from"
		else:
			self.message("Copying files", 1)
			msg = "Copying"
		for src, dst in files:
			if os.path.isdir(src):
				self.message("%s %s/ to %s/" % (msg, src, dst), 2)
			else:
				self.message("%s %s to %s" % (msg, src, dst), 2)
			dst = pathjoin(self.bundlepath, dst)
			if self.symlink:
				symlink(src, dst, mkdirs=1)
			else:
				copy(src, dst, mkdirs=1)

	def message(self, msg, level=0):
		if level <= self.verbosity:
			indent = ""
			if level > 1:
				indent = (level - 1) * "  "
			sys.stderr.write(indent + msg + "\n")

	def report(self):
		# XXX something decent
		import pprint
		pprint.pprint(self.__dict__)


mainWrapperTemplate = """\
#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
from sys import argv, executable
resources = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(argv[0])),
		"Resources")
mainprogram = os.path.join(resources, "%(mainprogram)s")
assert os.path.exists(mainprogram)
argv.insert(1, mainprogram)
os.environ["PYTHONPATH"] = resources
%(setpythonhome)s
%(setexecutable)s
os.execve(executable, argv, os.environ)
"""

setExecutableTemplate = """executable = os.path.join(resources, "%s")"""
pythonhomeSnippet = """os.environ["home"] = resources"""

class AppBuilder(BundleBuilder):

	# A Python main program. If this argument is given, the main
	# executable in the bundle will be a small wrapper that invokes
	# the main program. (XXX Discuss why.)
	mainprogram = None

	# The main executable. If a Python main program is specified
	# the executable will be copied to Resources and be invoked
	# by the wrapper program mentioned above. Otherwise it will
	# simply be used as the main executable.
	executable = None

	# The name of the main nib, for Cocoa apps. *Must* be specified
	# when building a Cocoa app.
	nibname = None

	# Symlink the executable instead of copying it.
	symlink_exec = 0

	def setup(self):
		if self.mainprogram is None and self.executable is None:
			raise TypeError, ("must specify either or both of "
					"'executable' and 'mainprogram'")

		if self.name is not None:
			pass
		elif self.mainprogram is not None:
			self.name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(self.mainprogram))[0]
		elif executable is not None:
			self.name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(self.executable))[0]
		if self.name[-4:] != ".app":
			self.name += ".app"

		if self.nibname:
			self.plist.NSMainNibFile = self.nibname
			if not hasattr(self.plist, "NSPrincipalClass"):
				self.plist.NSPrincipalClass = "NSApplication"

		BundleBuilder.setup(self)

		self.plist.CFBundleExecutable = self.name

	def preProcess(self):
		resdir = pathjoin("Contents", "Resources")
		if self.executable is not None:
			if self.mainprogram is None:
				execpath = pathjoin(self.execdir, self.name)
			else:
				execpath = pathjoin(resdir, os.path.basename(self.executable))
			if not self.symlink_exec:
				self.files.append((self.executable, execpath))
			self.execpath = execpath
			# For execve wrapper
			setexecutable = setExecutableTemplate % os.path.basename(self.executable)
		else:
			setexecutable = ""  # XXX for locals() call

		if self.mainprogram is not None:
			setpythonhome = ""  # pythonhomeSnippet if we're making a standalone app
			mainname = os.path.basename(self.mainprogram)
			self.files.append((self.mainprogram, pathjoin(resdir, mainname)))
			# Create execve wrapper
			mainprogram = self.mainprogram  # XXX for locals() call
			execdir = pathjoin(self.bundlepath, self.execdir)
			mainwrapperpath = pathjoin(execdir, self.name)
			makedirs(execdir)
			open(mainwrapperpath, "w").write(mainWrapperTemplate % locals())
			os.chmod(mainwrapperpath, 0777)

	def postProcess(self):
		if self.symlink_exec and self.executable:
			self.message("Symlinking executable %s to %s" % (self.executable,
					self.execpath), 2)
			dst = pathjoin(self.bundlepath, self.execpath)
			makedirs(os.path.dirname(dst))
			os.symlink(os.path.abspath(self.executable), dst)


def copy(src, dst, mkdirs=0):
	"""Copy a file or a directory."""
	if mkdirs:
		makedirs(os.path.dirname(dst))
	if os.path.isdir(src):
		shutil.copytree(src, dst)
	else:
		shutil.copy2(src, dst)

def copytodir(src, dstdir):
	"""Copy a file or a directory to an existing directory."""
	dst = pathjoin(dstdir, os.path.basename(src))
	copy(src, dst)

def makedirs(dir):
	"""Make all directories leading up to 'dir' including the leaf
	directory. Don't moan if any path element already exists."""
	try:
		os.makedirs(dir)
	except OSError, why:
		if why.errno != errno.EEXIST:
			raise

def symlink(src, dst, mkdirs=0):
	"""Copy a file or a directory."""
	if mkdirs:
		makedirs(os.path.dirname(dst))
	os.symlink(os.path.abspath(src), dst)

def pathjoin(*args):
	"""Safe wrapper for os.path.join: asserts that all but the first
	argument are relative paths."""
	for seg in args[1:]:
		assert seg[0] != "/"
	return os.path.join(*args)


cmdline_doc = """\
Usage:
  python bundlebuilder.py [options] command
  python mybuildscript.py [options] command

Commands:
  build      build the application
  report     print a report

Options:
  -b, --builddir=DIR     the build directory; defaults to "build"
  -n, --name=NAME        application name
  -r, --resource=FILE    extra file or folder to be copied to Resources
  -e, --executable=FILE  the executable to be used
  -m, --mainprogram=FILE the Python main program
  -p, --plist=FILE       .plist file (default: generate one)
      --nib=NAME         main nib name
  -c, --creator=CCCC     4-char creator code (default: '????')
  -l, --link             symlink files/folder instead of copying them
      --link-exec        symlink the executable instead of copying it
  -v, --verbose          increase verbosity level
  -q, --quiet            decrease verbosity level
  -h, --help             print this message
"""

def usage(msg=None):
	if msg:
		print msg
	print cmdline_doc
	sys.exit(1)

def main(builder=None):
	if builder is None:
		builder = AppBuilder(verbosity=1)

	shortopts = "b:n:r:e:m:c:p:lhvq"
	longopts = ("builddir=", "name=", "resource=", "executable=",
		"mainprogram=", "creator=", "nib=", "plist=", "link",
		"link-exec", "help", "verbose", "quiet")

	try:
		options, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], shortopts, longopts)
	except getopt.error:
		usage()

	for opt, arg in options:
		if opt in ('-b', '--builddir'):
			builder.builddir = arg
		elif opt in ('-n', '--name'):
			builder.name = arg
		elif opt in ('-r', '--resource'):
			builder.resources.append(arg)
		elif opt in ('-e', '--executable'):
			builder.executable = arg
		elif opt in ('-m', '--mainprogram'):
			builder.mainprogram = arg
		elif opt in ('-c', '--creator'):
			builder.creator = arg
		elif opt == "--nib":
			builder.nibname = arg
		elif opt in ('-p', '--plist'):
			builder.plist = Plist.fromFile(arg)
		elif opt in ('-l', '--link'):
			builder.symlink = 1
		elif opt == '--link-exec':
			builder.symlink_exec = 1
		elif opt in ('-h', '--help'):
			usage()
		elif opt in ('-v', '--verbose'):
			builder.verbosity += 1
		elif opt in ('-q', '--quiet'):
			builder.verbosity -= 1

	if len(args) != 1:
		usage("Must specify one command ('build', 'report' or 'help')")
	command = args[0]

	if command == "build":
		builder.setup()
		builder.build()
	elif command == "report":
		builder.setup()
		builder.report()
	elif command == "help":
		usage()
	else:
		usage("Unknown command '%s'" % command)


def buildapp(**kwargs):
	builder = AppBuilder(**kwargs)
	main(builder)


if __name__ == "__main__":
	main()