| :mod:`builtins` --- Built-in objects |
| ==================================== |
| |
| .. module:: builtins |
| :synopsis: The module that provides the built-in namespace. |
| |
| -------------- |
| |
| This module provides direct access to all 'built-in' identifiers of Python; for |
| example, ``builtins.open`` is the full name for the built-in function |
| :func:`open`. See :ref:`built-in-funcs` and :ref:`built-in-consts` for |
| documentation. |
| |
| |
| This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be |
| useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value, |
| but in which the built-in of that name is also needed. For example, in a module |
| that wants to implement an :func:`open` function that wraps the built-in |
| :func:`open`, this module can be used directly:: |
| |
| import builtins |
| |
| def open(path): |
| f = builtins.open(path, 'r') |
| return UpperCaser(f) |
| |
| class UpperCaser: |
| '''Wrapper around a file that converts output to upper-case.''' |
| |
| def __init__(self, f): |
| self._f = f |
| |
| def read(self, count=-1): |
| return self._f.read(count).upper() |
| |
| # ... |
| |
| As an implementation detail, most modules have the name ``__builtins__`` made |
| available as part of their globals. The value of ``__builtins__`` is normally |
| either this module or the value of this module's :attr:`~object.__dict__` attribute. |
| Since this is an implementation detail, it may not be used by alternate |
| implementations of Python. |