| /* Peephole optimizations for bytecode compiler. */ | 
 |  | 
 | #include "Python.h" | 
 |  | 
 | #include "Python-ast.h" | 
 | #include "node.h" | 
 | #include "ast.h" | 
 | #include "code.h" | 
 | #include "symtable.h" | 
 | #include "opcode.h" | 
 | #include "wordcode_helpers.h" | 
 |  | 
 | #define UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP(op)  (op==JUMP_ABSOLUTE || op==JUMP_FORWARD) | 
 | #define CONDITIONAL_JUMP(op) (op==POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE || op==POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE \ | 
 |     || op==JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP || op==JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP) | 
 | #define ABSOLUTE_JUMP(op) (op==JUMP_ABSOLUTE || op==CONTINUE_LOOP \ | 
 |     || op==POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE || op==POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE \ | 
 |     || op==JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP || op==JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP) | 
 | #define JUMPS_ON_TRUE(op) (op==POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE || op==JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP) | 
 | #define GETJUMPTGT(arr, i) (get_arg(arr, i) / sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT) + \ | 
 |         (ABSOLUTE_JUMP(_Py_OPCODE(arr[i])) ? 0 : i+1)) | 
 | #define ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, start, end) \ | 
 |     (blocks[start]==blocks[end]) | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | #define CONST_STACK_CREATE() { \ | 
 |     const_stack_size = 256; \ | 
 |     const_stack = PyMem_New(PyObject *, const_stack_size); \ | 
 |     if (!const_stack) { \ | 
 |         PyErr_NoMemory(); \ | 
 |         goto exitError; \ | 
 |     } \ | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 | #define CONST_STACK_DELETE() do { \ | 
 |     if (const_stack) \ | 
 |         PyMem_Free(const_stack); \ | 
 |     } while(0) | 
 |  | 
 | #define CONST_STACK_LEN() ((unsigned)(const_stack_top + 1)) | 
 |  | 
 | #define CONST_STACK_PUSH_OP(i) do { \ | 
 |     PyObject *_x; \ | 
 |     assert(_Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]) == LOAD_CONST); \ | 
 |     assert(PyList_GET_SIZE(consts) > (Py_ssize_t)get_arg(codestr, i)); \ | 
 |     _x = PyList_GET_ITEM(consts, get_arg(codestr, i)); \ | 
 |     if (++const_stack_top >= const_stack_size) { \ | 
 |         const_stack_size *= 2; \ | 
 |         PyMem_Resize(const_stack, PyObject *, const_stack_size); \ | 
 |         if (!const_stack) { \ | 
 |             PyErr_NoMemory(); \ | 
 |             goto exitError; \ | 
 |         } \ | 
 |     } \ | 
 |     const_stack[const_stack_top] = _x; \ | 
 |     in_consts = 1; \ | 
 |     } while(0) | 
 |  | 
 | #define CONST_STACK_RESET() do { \ | 
 |     const_stack_top = -1; \ | 
 |     } while(0) | 
 |  | 
 | #define CONST_STACK_LASTN(i) \ | 
 |     &const_stack[CONST_STACK_LEN() - i] | 
 |  | 
 | #define CONST_STACK_POP(i) do { \ | 
 |     assert(CONST_STACK_LEN() >= i); \ | 
 |     const_stack_top -= i; \ | 
 |     } while(0) | 
 |  | 
 | /* Scans back N consecutive LOAD_CONST instructions, skipping NOPs, | 
 |    returns index of the Nth last's LOAD_CONST's EXTENDED_ARG prefix. | 
 |    Callers are responsible to check CONST_STACK_LEN beforehand. | 
 | */ | 
 | static Py_ssize_t | 
 | lastn_const_start(const _Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t n) | 
 | { | 
 |     assert(n > 0); | 
 |     for (;;) { | 
 |         i--; | 
 |         assert(i >= 0); | 
 |         if (_Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]) == LOAD_CONST) { | 
 |             if (!--n) { | 
 |                 while (i > 0 && _Py_OPCODE(codestr[i-1]) == EXTENDED_ARG) { | 
 |                     i--; | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 return i; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |         else { | 
 |             assert(_Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]) == NOP || | 
 |                    _Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]) == EXTENDED_ARG); | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Scans through EXTENDED ARGs, seeking the index of the effective opcode */ | 
 | static Py_ssize_t | 
 | find_op(const _Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t i) | 
 | { | 
 |     while (_Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]) == EXTENDED_ARG) { | 
 |         i++; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return i; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Given the index of the effective opcode, | 
 |    scan back to construct the oparg with EXTENDED_ARG */ | 
 | static unsigned int | 
 | get_arg(const _Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t i) | 
 | { | 
 |     _Py_CODEUNIT word; | 
 |     unsigned int oparg = _Py_OPARG(codestr[i]); | 
 |     if (i >= 1 && _Py_OPCODE(word = codestr[i-1]) == EXTENDED_ARG) { | 
 |         oparg |= _Py_OPARG(word) << 8; | 
 |         if (i >= 2 && _Py_OPCODE(word = codestr[i-2]) == EXTENDED_ARG) { | 
 |             oparg |= _Py_OPARG(word) << 16; | 
 |             if (i >= 3 && _Py_OPCODE(word = codestr[i-3]) == EXTENDED_ARG) { | 
 |                 oparg |= _Py_OPARG(word) << 24; | 
 |             } | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     return oparg; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Fill the region with NOPs. */ | 
 | static void | 
 | fill_nops(_Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t start, Py_ssize_t end) | 
 | { | 
 |     memset(codestr + start, NOP, (end - start) * sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Given the index of the effective opcode, | 
 |    attempt to replace the argument, taking into account EXTENDED_ARG. | 
 |    Returns -1 on failure, or the new op index on success */ | 
 | static Py_ssize_t | 
 | set_arg(_Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t i, unsigned int oparg) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned int curarg = get_arg(codestr, i); | 
 |     int curilen, newilen; | 
 |     if (curarg == oparg) | 
 |         return i; | 
 |     curilen = instrsize(curarg); | 
 |     newilen = instrsize(oparg); | 
 |     if (curilen < newilen) { | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     write_op_arg(codestr + i + 1 - curilen, _Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]), oparg, newilen); | 
 |     fill_nops(codestr, i + 1 - curilen + newilen, i + 1); | 
 |     return i-curilen+newilen; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Attempt to write op/arg at end of specified region of memory. | 
 |    Preceding memory in the region is overwritten with NOPs. | 
 |    Returns -1 on failure, op index on success */ | 
 | static Py_ssize_t | 
 | copy_op_arg(_Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t i, unsigned char op, | 
 |             unsigned int oparg, Py_ssize_t maxi) | 
 | { | 
 |     int ilen = instrsize(oparg); | 
 |     if (i + ilen > maxi) { | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     write_op_arg(codestr + maxi - ilen, op, oparg, ilen); | 
 |     fill_nops(codestr, i, maxi - ilen); | 
 |     return maxi - 1; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Replace LOAD_CONST c1, LOAD_CONST c2 ... LOAD_CONST cn, BUILD_TUPLE n | 
 |    with    LOAD_CONST (c1, c2, ... cn). | 
 |    The consts table must still be in list form so that the | 
 |    new constant (c1, c2, ... cn) can be appended. | 
 |    Called with codestr pointing to the first LOAD_CONST. | 
 |    Bails out with no change if one or more of the LOAD_CONSTs is missing. | 
 |    Also works for BUILD_LIST and BUILT_SET when followed by an "in" or "not in" | 
 |    test; for BUILD_SET it assembles a frozenset rather than a tuple. | 
 | */ | 
 | static Py_ssize_t | 
 | fold_tuple_on_constants(_Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t c_start, | 
 |                         Py_ssize_t opcode_end, unsigned char opcode, | 
 |                         PyObject *consts, PyObject **objs, int n) | 
 | { | 
 |     PyObject *newconst, *constant; | 
 |     Py_ssize_t i, len_consts; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Pre-conditions */ | 
 |     assert(PyList_CheckExact(consts)); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Buildup new tuple of constants */ | 
 |     newconst = PyTuple_New(n); | 
 |     if (newconst == NULL) { | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     for (i=0 ; i<n ; i++) { | 
 |         constant = objs[i]; | 
 |         Py_INCREF(constant); | 
 |         PyTuple_SET_ITEM(newconst, i, constant); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* If it's a BUILD_SET, use the PyTuple we just built to create a | 
 |        PyFrozenSet, and use that as the constant instead: */ | 
 |     if (opcode == BUILD_SET) { | 
 |         Py_SETREF(newconst, PyFrozenSet_New(newconst)); | 
 |         if (newconst == NULL) { | 
 |             return -1; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Append folded constant onto consts */ | 
 |     len_consts = PyList_GET_SIZE(consts); | 
 |     if (PyList_Append(consts, newconst)) { | 
 |         Py_DECREF(newconst); | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     Py_DECREF(newconst); | 
 |  | 
 |     return copy_op_arg(codestr, c_start, LOAD_CONST, len_consts, opcode_end); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Replace LOAD_CONST c1, LOAD_CONST c2, BINOP | 
 |    with    LOAD_CONST binop(c1,c2) | 
 |    The consts table must still be in list form so that the | 
 |    new constant can be appended. | 
 |    Called with codestr pointing to the BINOP. | 
 |    Abandons the transformation if the folding fails (i.e.  1+'a'). | 
 |    If the new constant is a sequence, only folds when the size | 
 |    is below a threshold value.  That keeps pyc files from | 
 |    becoming large in the presence of code like:  (None,)*1000. | 
 | */ | 
 | static Py_ssize_t | 
 | fold_binops_on_constants(_Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t c_start, | 
 |                          Py_ssize_t opcode_end, unsigned char opcode, | 
 |                          PyObject *consts, PyObject **objs) | 
 | { | 
 |     PyObject *newconst, *v, *w; | 
 |     Py_ssize_t len_consts, size; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Pre-conditions */ | 
 |     assert(PyList_CheckExact(consts)); | 
 |     len_consts = PyList_GET_SIZE(consts); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Create new constant */ | 
 |     v = objs[0]; | 
 |     w = objs[1]; | 
 |     switch (opcode) { | 
 |         case BINARY_POWER: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Power(v, w, Py_None); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_MULTIPLY: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Multiply(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_TrueDivide(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_FloorDivide(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_MODULO: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Remainder(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_ADD: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Add(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_SUBTRACT: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Subtract(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_SUBSCR: | 
 |             newconst = PyObject_GetItem(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_LSHIFT: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Lshift(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_RSHIFT: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Rshift(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_AND: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_And(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_XOR: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Xor(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case BINARY_OR: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Or(v, w); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         default: | 
 |             /* Called with an unknown opcode */ | 
 |             PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, | 
 |                  "unexpected binary operation %d on a constant", | 
 |                      opcode); | 
 |             return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (newconst == NULL) { | 
 |         if(!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt)) { | 
 |             PyErr_Clear(); | 
 |         } | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     size = PyObject_Size(newconst); | 
 |     if (size == -1) { | 
 |         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt)) { | 
 |             return -1; | 
 |         } | 
 |         PyErr_Clear(); | 
 |     } else if (size > 20) { | 
 |         Py_DECREF(newconst); | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Append folded constant into consts table */ | 
 |     if (PyList_Append(consts, newconst)) { | 
 |         Py_DECREF(newconst); | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     Py_DECREF(newconst); | 
 |  | 
 |     return copy_op_arg(codestr, c_start, LOAD_CONST, len_consts, opcode_end); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static Py_ssize_t | 
 | fold_unaryops_on_constants(_Py_CODEUNIT *codestr, Py_ssize_t c_start, | 
 |                            Py_ssize_t opcode_end, unsigned char opcode, | 
 |                            PyObject *consts, PyObject *v) | 
 | { | 
 |     PyObject *newconst; | 
 |     Py_ssize_t len_consts; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Pre-conditions */ | 
 |     assert(PyList_CheckExact(consts)); | 
 |     len_consts = PyList_GET_SIZE(consts); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Create new constant */ | 
 |     switch (opcode) { | 
 |         case UNARY_NEGATIVE: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Negative(v); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case UNARY_INVERT: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Invert(v); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         case UNARY_POSITIVE: | 
 |             newconst = PyNumber_Positive(v); | 
 |             break; | 
 |         default: | 
 |             /* Called with an unknown opcode */ | 
 |             PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, | 
 |                  "unexpected unary operation %d on a constant", | 
 |                      opcode); | 
 |             return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     if (newconst == NULL) { | 
 |         if(!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt)) { | 
 |             PyErr_Clear(); | 
 |         } | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Append folded constant into consts table */ | 
 |     if (PyList_Append(consts, newconst)) { | 
 |         Py_DECREF(newconst); | 
 |         PyErr_Clear(); | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |     Py_DECREF(newconst); | 
 |  | 
 |     return copy_op_arg(codestr, c_start, LOAD_CONST, len_consts, opcode_end); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | static unsigned int * | 
 | markblocks(_Py_CODEUNIT *code, Py_ssize_t len) | 
 | { | 
 |     unsigned int *blocks = PyMem_New(unsigned int, len); | 
 |     int i, j, opcode, blockcnt = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |     if (blocks == NULL) { | 
 |         PyErr_NoMemory(); | 
 |         return NULL; | 
 |     } | 
 |     memset(blocks, 0, len*sizeof(int)); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Mark labels in the first pass */ | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { | 
 |         opcode = _Py_OPCODE(code[i]); | 
 |         switch (opcode) { | 
 |             case FOR_ITER: | 
 |             case JUMP_FORWARD: | 
 |             case JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP: | 
 |             case JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP: | 
 |             case POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE: | 
 |             case POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE: | 
 |             case JUMP_ABSOLUTE: | 
 |             case CONTINUE_LOOP: | 
 |             case SETUP_LOOP: | 
 |             case SETUP_EXCEPT: | 
 |             case SETUP_FINALLY: | 
 |             case SETUP_WITH: | 
 |             case SETUP_ASYNC_WITH: | 
 |                 j = GETJUMPTGT(code, i); | 
 |                 assert(j < len); | 
 |                 blocks[j] = 1; | 
 |                 break; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* Build block numbers in the second pass */ | 
 |     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { | 
 |         blockcnt += blocks[i];          /* increment blockcnt over labels */ | 
 |         blocks[i] = blockcnt; | 
 |     } | 
 |     return blocks; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | /* Perform basic peephole optimizations to components of a code object. | 
 |    The consts object should still be in list form to allow new constants | 
 |    to be appended. | 
 |  | 
 |    To keep the optimizer simple, it bails when the lineno table has complex | 
 |    encoding for gaps >= 255. | 
 |  | 
 |    Optimizations are restricted to simple transformations occurring within a | 
 |    single basic block.  All transformations keep the code size the same or | 
 |    smaller.  For those that reduce size, the gaps are initially filled with | 
 |    NOPs.  Later those NOPs are removed and the jump addresses retargeted in | 
 |    a single pass. */ | 
 |  | 
 | PyObject * | 
 | PyCode_Optimize(PyObject *code, PyObject* consts, PyObject *names, | 
 |                 PyObject *lnotab_obj) | 
 | { | 
 |     Py_ssize_t h, i, nexti, op_start, codelen, tgt; | 
 |     unsigned int j, nops; | 
 |     unsigned char opcode, nextop; | 
 |     _Py_CODEUNIT *codestr = NULL; | 
 |     unsigned char *lnotab; | 
 |     unsigned int cum_orig_offset, last_offset; | 
 |     Py_ssize_t tabsiz; | 
 |     PyObject **const_stack = NULL; | 
 |     Py_ssize_t const_stack_top = -1; | 
 |     Py_ssize_t const_stack_size = 0; | 
 |     int in_consts = 0;  /* whether we are in a LOAD_CONST sequence */ | 
 |     unsigned int *blocks = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Bail out if an exception is set */ | 
 |     if (PyErr_Occurred()) | 
 |         goto exitError; | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Bypass optimization when the lnotab table is too complex */ | 
 |     assert(PyBytes_Check(lnotab_obj)); | 
 |     lnotab = (unsigned char*)PyBytes_AS_STRING(lnotab_obj); | 
 |     tabsiz = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(lnotab_obj); | 
 |     assert(tabsiz == 0 || Py_REFCNT(lnotab_obj) == 1); | 
 |     if (memchr(lnotab, 255, tabsiz) != NULL) { | 
 |         /* 255 value are used for multibyte bytecode instructions */ | 
 |         goto exitUnchanged; | 
 |     } | 
 |     /* Note: -128 and 127 special values for line number delta are ok, | 
 |        the peephole optimizer doesn't modify line numbers. */ | 
 |  | 
 |     assert(PyBytes_Check(code)); | 
 |     codelen = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(code); | 
 |     assert(codelen % sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT) == 0); | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Make a modifiable copy of the code string */ | 
 |     codestr = (_Py_CODEUNIT *)PyMem_Malloc(codelen); | 
 |     if (codestr == NULL) { | 
 |         PyErr_NoMemory(); | 
 |         goto exitError; | 
 |     } | 
 |     memcpy(codestr, PyBytes_AS_STRING(code), codelen); | 
 |     codelen /= sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT); | 
 |  | 
 |     blocks = markblocks(codestr, codelen); | 
 |     if (blocks == NULL) | 
 |         goto exitError; | 
 |     assert(PyList_Check(consts)); | 
 |  | 
 |     CONST_STACK_CREATE(); | 
 |  | 
 |     for (i=find_op(codestr, 0) ; i<codelen ; i=nexti) { | 
 |         opcode = _Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]); | 
 |         op_start = i; | 
 |         while (op_start >= 1 && _Py_OPCODE(codestr[op_start-1]) == EXTENDED_ARG) { | 
 |             op_start--; | 
 |         } | 
 |  | 
 |         nexti = i + 1; | 
 |         while (nexti < codelen && _Py_OPCODE(codestr[nexti]) == EXTENDED_ARG) | 
 |             nexti++; | 
 |         nextop = nexti < codelen ? _Py_OPCODE(codestr[nexti]) : 0; | 
 |  | 
 |         if (!in_consts) { | 
 |             CONST_STACK_RESET(); | 
 |         } | 
 |         in_consts = 0; | 
 |  | 
 |         switch (opcode) { | 
 |             /* Replace UNARY_NOT POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE | 
 |                with    POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE */ | 
 |             case UNARY_NOT: | 
 |                 if (nextop != POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE | 
 |                     || !ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, op_start, i + 1)) | 
 |                     break; | 
 |                 fill_nops(codestr, op_start, i + 1); | 
 |                 codestr[nexti] = PACKOPARG(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, _Py_OPARG(codestr[nexti])); | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* not a is b -->  a is not b | 
 |                    not a in b -->  a not in b | 
 |                    not a is not b -->  a is b | 
 |                    not a not in b -->  a in b | 
 |                 */ | 
 |             case COMPARE_OP: | 
 |                 j = get_arg(codestr, i); | 
 |                 if (j < 6 || j > 9 || | 
 |                     nextop != UNARY_NOT || | 
 |                     !ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, op_start, i + 1)) | 
 |                     break; | 
 |                 codestr[i] = PACKOPARG(opcode, j^1); | 
 |                 fill_nops(codestr, i + 1, nexti + 1); | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* Skip over LOAD_CONST trueconst | 
 |                    POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE xx.  This improves | 
 |                    "while 1" performance.  */ | 
 |             case LOAD_CONST: | 
 |                 CONST_STACK_PUSH_OP(i); | 
 |                 if (nextop != POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE  || | 
 |                     !ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, op_start, i + 1)  || | 
 |                     !PyObject_IsTrue(PyList_GET_ITEM(consts, get_arg(codestr, i)))) | 
 |                     break; | 
 |                 fill_nops(codestr, op_start, nexti + 1); | 
 |                 CONST_STACK_POP(1); | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* Try to fold tuples of constants (includes a case for lists | 
 |                    and sets which are only used for "in" and "not in" tests). | 
 |                    Skip over BUILD_SEQN 1 UNPACK_SEQN 1. | 
 |                    Replace BUILD_SEQN 2 UNPACK_SEQN 2 with ROT2. | 
 |                    Replace BUILD_SEQN 3 UNPACK_SEQN 3 with ROT3 ROT2. */ | 
 |             case BUILD_TUPLE: | 
 |             case BUILD_LIST: | 
 |             case BUILD_SET: | 
 |                 j = get_arg(codestr, i); | 
 |                 if (j > 0 && CONST_STACK_LEN() >= j) { | 
 |                     h = lastn_const_start(codestr, op_start, j); | 
 |                     if ((opcode == BUILD_TUPLE && | 
 |                           ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, h, op_start)) || | 
 |                          ((opcode == BUILD_LIST || opcode == BUILD_SET) && | 
 |                           ((nextop==COMPARE_OP && | 
 |                           (_Py_OPARG(codestr[nexti]) == PyCmp_IN || | 
 |                            _Py_OPARG(codestr[nexti]) == PyCmp_NOT_IN)) || | 
 |                           nextop == GET_ITER) && ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, h, i + 1))) { | 
 |                         h = fold_tuple_on_constants(codestr, h, i + 1, opcode, | 
 |                                                     consts, CONST_STACK_LASTN(j), j); | 
 |                         if (h >= 0) { | 
 |                             CONST_STACK_POP(j); | 
 |                             CONST_STACK_PUSH_OP(h); | 
 |                         } | 
 |                         break; | 
 |                     } | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 if (nextop != UNPACK_SEQUENCE  || | 
 |                     !ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, op_start, i + 1) || | 
 |                     j != get_arg(codestr, nexti) || | 
 |                     opcode == BUILD_SET) | 
 |                     break; | 
 |                 if (j < 2) { | 
 |                     fill_nops(codestr, op_start, nexti + 1); | 
 |                 } else if (j == 2) { | 
 |                     codestr[op_start] = PACKOPARG(ROT_TWO, 0); | 
 |                     fill_nops(codestr, op_start + 1, nexti + 1); | 
 |                     CONST_STACK_RESET(); | 
 |                 } else if (j == 3) { | 
 |                     codestr[op_start] = PACKOPARG(ROT_THREE, 0); | 
 |                     codestr[op_start + 1] = PACKOPARG(ROT_TWO, 0); | 
 |                     fill_nops(codestr, op_start + 2, nexti + 1); | 
 |                     CONST_STACK_RESET(); | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* Fold binary ops on constants. | 
 |                    LOAD_CONST c1 LOAD_CONST c2 BINOP --> LOAD_CONST binop(c1,c2) */ | 
 |             case BINARY_POWER: | 
 |             case BINARY_MULTIPLY: | 
 |             case BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE: | 
 |             case BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE: | 
 |             case BINARY_MODULO: | 
 |             case BINARY_ADD: | 
 |             case BINARY_SUBTRACT: | 
 |             case BINARY_SUBSCR: | 
 |             case BINARY_LSHIFT: | 
 |             case BINARY_RSHIFT: | 
 |             case BINARY_AND: | 
 |             case BINARY_XOR: | 
 |             case BINARY_OR: | 
 |                 if (CONST_STACK_LEN() < 2) | 
 |                     break; | 
 |                 h = lastn_const_start(codestr, op_start, 2); | 
 |                 if (ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, h, op_start)) { | 
 |                     h = fold_binops_on_constants(codestr, h, i + 1, opcode, | 
 |                                                  consts, CONST_STACK_LASTN(2)); | 
 |                     if (h >= 0) { | 
 |                         CONST_STACK_POP(2); | 
 |                         CONST_STACK_PUSH_OP(h); | 
 |                     } | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* Fold unary ops on constants. | 
 |                    LOAD_CONST c1  UNARY_OP --> LOAD_CONST unary_op(c) */ | 
 |             case UNARY_NEGATIVE: | 
 |             case UNARY_INVERT: | 
 |             case UNARY_POSITIVE: | 
 |                 if (CONST_STACK_LEN() < 1) | 
 |                     break; | 
 |                 h = lastn_const_start(codestr, op_start, 1); | 
 |                 if (ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, h, op_start)) { | 
 |                     h = fold_unaryops_on_constants(codestr, h, i + 1, opcode, | 
 |                                                    consts, *CONST_STACK_LASTN(1)); | 
 |                     if (h >= 0) { | 
 |                         CONST_STACK_POP(1); | 
 |                         CONST_STACK_PUSH_OP(h); | 
 |                     } | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* Simplify conditional jump to conditional jump where the | 
 |                    result of the first test implies the success of a similar | 
 |                    test or the failure of the opposite test. | 
 |                    Arises in code like: | 
 |                    "if a and b:" | 
 |                    "if a or b:" | 
 |                    "a and b or c" | 
 |                    "(a and b) and c" | 
 |                    x:JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP y   y:JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP z | 
 |                       -->  x:JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP z | 
 |                    x:JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP y   y:JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP z | 
 |                       -->  x:POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE y+1 | 
 |                    where y+1 is the instruction following the second test. | 
 |                 */ | 
 |             case JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP: | 
 |             case JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP: | 
 |                 h = get_arg(codestr, i) / sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT); | 
 |                 tgt = find_op(codestr, h); | 
 |  | 
 |                 j = _Py_OPCODE(codestr[tgt]); | 
 |                 if (CONDITIONAL_JUMP(j)) { | 
 |                     /* NOTE: all possible jumps here are absolute. */ | 
 |                     if (JUMPS_ON_TRUE(j) == JUMPS_ON_TRUE(opcode)) { | 
 |                         /* The second jump will be taken iff the first is. | 
 |                            The current opcode inherits its target's | 
 |                            stack effect */ | 
 |                         h = set_arg(codestr, i, get_arg(codestr, tgt)); | 
 |                     } else { | 
 |                         /* The second jump is not taken if the first is (so | 
 |                            jump past it), and all conditional jumps pop their | 
 |                            argument when they're not taken (so change the | 
 |                            first jump to pop its argument when it's taken). */ | 
 |                         h = set_arg(codestr, i, (tgt + 1) * sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)); | 
 |                         j = opcode == JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP ? | 
 |                             POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE : POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE; | 
 |                     } | 
 |  | 
 |                     if (h >= 0) { | 
 |                         nexti = h; | 
 |                         codestr[nexti] = PACKOPARG(j, _Py_OPARG(codestr[nexti])); | 
 |                         break; | 
 |                     } | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 /* Intentional fallthrough */ | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* Replace jumps to unconditional jumps */ | 
 |             case POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE: | 
 |             case POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE: | 
 |             case FOR_ITER: | 
 |             case JUMP_FORWARD: | 
 |             case JUMP_ABSOLUTE: | 
 |             case CONTINUE_LOOP: | 
 |             case SETUP_LOOP: | 
 |             case SETUP_EXCEPT: | 
 |             case SETUP_FINALLY: | 
 |             case SETUP_WITH: | 
 |             case SETUP_ASYNC_WITH: | 
 |                 h = GETJUMPTGT(codestr, i); | 
 |                 tgt = find_op(codestr, h); | 
 |                 /* Replace JUMP_* to a RETURN into just a RETURN */ | 
 |                 if (UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP(opcode) && | 
 |                     _Py_OPCODE(codestr[tgt]) == RETURN_VALUE) { | 
 |                     codestr[op_start] = PACKOPARG(RETURN_VALUE, 0); | 
 |                     fill_nops(codestr, op_start + 1, i + 1); | 
 |                 } else if (UNCONDITIONAL_JUMP(_Py_OPCODE(codestr[tgt]))) { | 
 |                     j = GETJUMPTGT(codestr, tgt); | 
 |                     if (opcode == JUMP_FORWARD) { /* JMP_ABS can go backwards */ | 
 |                         opcode = JUMP_ABSOLUTE; | 
 |                     } else if (!ABSOLUTE_JUMP(opcode)) { | 
 |                         if ((Py_ssize_t)j < i + 1) { | 
 |                             break;           /* No backward relative jumps */ | 
 |                         } | 
 |                         j -= i + 1;          /* Calc relative jump addr */ | 
 |                     } | 
 |                     j *= sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT); | 
 |                     copy_op_arg(codestr, op_start, opcode, j, i + 1); | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |                 /* Remove unreachable ops after RETURN */ | 
 |             case RETURN_VALUE: | 
 |                 h = i + 1; | 
 |                 while (h < codelen && ISBASICBLOCK(blocks, i, h)) { | 
 |                     h++; | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 if (h > i + 1) { | 
 |                     fill_nops(codestr, i + 1, h); | 
 |                     nexti = find_op(codestr, h); | 
 |                 } | 
 |                 break; | 
 |         } | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Fixup lnotab */ | 
 |     for (i = 0, nops = 0; i < codelen; i++) { | 
 |         assert(i - nops <= INT_MAX); | 
 |         /* original code offset => new code offset */ | 
 |         blocks[i] = i - nops; | 
 |         if (_Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]) == NOP) | 
 |             nops++; | 
 |     } | 
 |     cum_orig_offset = 0; | 
 |     last_offset = 0; | 
 |     for (i=0 ; i < tabsiz ; i+=2) { | 
 |         unsigned int offset_delta, new_offset; | 
 |         cum_orig_offset += lnotab[i]; | 
 |         assert(cum_orig_offset % sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT) == 0); | 
 |         new_offset = blocks[cum_orig_offset / sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)] * | 
 |                 sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT); | 
 |         offset_delta = new_offset - last_offset; | 
 |         assert(offset_delta <= 255); | 
 |         lnotab[i] = (unsigned char)offset_delta; | 
 |         last_offset = new_offset; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     /* Remove NOPs and fixup jump targets */ | 
 |     for (op_start = i = h = 0; i < codelen; i++, op_start = i) { | 
 |         j = _Py_OPARG(codestr[i]); | 
 |         while (_Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]) == EXTENDED_ARG) { | 
 |             i++; | 
 |             j = j<<8 | _Py_OPARG(codestr[i]); | 
 |         } | 
 |         opcode = _Py_OPCODE(codestr[i]); | 
 |         switch (opcode) { | 
 |             case NOP:continue; | 
 |  | 
 |             case JUMP_ABSOLUTE: | 
 |             case CONTINUE_LOOP: | 
 |             case POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE: | 
 |             case POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE: | 
 |             case JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP: | 
 |             case JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP: | 
 |                 j = blocks[j / sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)] * sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT); | 
 |                 break; | 
 |  | 
 |             case FOR_ITER: | 
 |             case JUMP_FORWARD: | 
 |             case SETUP_LOOP: | 
 |             case SETUP_EXCEPT: | 
 |             case SETUP_FINALLY: | 
 |             case SETUP_WITH: | 
 |             case SETUP_ASYNC_WITH: | 
 |                 j = blocks[j / sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT) + i + 1] - blocks[i] - 1; | 
 |                 j *= sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT); | 
 |                 break; | 
 |         } | 
 |         nexti = i - op_start + 1; | 
 |         if (instrsize(j) > nexti) | 
 |             goto exitUnchanged; | 
 |         /* If instrsize(j) < nexti, we'll emit EXTENDED_ARG 0 */ | 
 |         write_op_arg(codestr + h, opcode, j, nexti); | 
 |         h += nexti; | 
 |     } | 
 |     assert(h + (Py_ssize_t)nops == codelen); | 
 |  | 
 |     CONST_STACK_DELETE(); | 
 |     PyMem_Free(blocks); | 
 |     code = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)codestr, h * sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)); | 
 |     PyMem_Free(codestr); | 
 |     return code; | 
 |  | 
 |  exitError: | 
 |     code = NULL; | 
 |  | 
 |  exitUnchanged: | 
 |     Py_XINCREF(code); | 
 |     CONST_STACK_DELETE(); | 
 |     PyMem_Free(blocks); | 
 |     PyMem_Free(codestr); | 
 |     return code; | 
 | } |