| """Text wrapping and filling. |
| """ |
| |
| # Copyright (C) 1999-2001 Gregory P. Ward. |
| # Copyright (C) 2002, 2003 Python Software Foundation. |
| # Written by Greg Ward <gward@python.net> |
| |
| import re |
| |
| __all__ = ['TextWrapper', 'wrap', 'fill', 'dedent', 'indent', 'shorten'] |
| |
| # Hardcode the recognized whitespace characters to the US-ASCII |
| # whitespace characters. The main reason for doing this is that |
| # some Unicode spaces (like \u00a0) are non-breaking whitespaces. |
| _whitespace = '\t\n\x0b\x0c\r ' |
| |
| class TextWrapper: |
| """ |
| Object for wrapping/filling text. The public interface consists of |
| the wrap() and fill() methods; the other methods are just there for |
| subclasses to override in order to tweak the default behaviour. |
| If you want to completely replace the main wrapping algorithm, |
| you'll probably have to override _wrap_chunks(). |
| |
| Several instance attributes control various aspects of wrapping: |
| width (default: 70) |
| the maximum width of wrapped lines (unless break_long_words |
| is false) |
| initial_indent (default: "") |
| string that will be prepended to the first line of wrapped |
| output. Counts towards the line's width. |
| subsequent_indent (default: "") |
| string that will be prepended to all lines save the first |
| of wrapped output; also counts towards each line's width. |
| expand_tabs (default: true) |
| Expand tabs in input text to spaces before further processing. |
| Each tab will become 0 .. 'tabsize' spaces, depending on its position |
| in its line. If false, each tab is treated as a single character. |
| tabsize (default: 8) |
| Expand tabs in input text to 0 .. 'tabsize' spaces, unless |
| 'expand_tabs' is false. |
| replace_whitespace (default: true) |
| Replace all whitespace characters in the input text by spaces |
| after tab expansion. Note that if expand_tabs is false and |
| replace_whitespace is true, every tab will be converted to a |
| single space! |
| fix_sentence_endings (default: false) |
| Ensure that sentence-ending punctuation is always followed |
| by two spaces. Off by default because the algorithm is |
| (unavoidably) imperfect. |
| break_long_words (default: true) |
| Break words longer than 'width'. If false, those words will not |
| be broken, and some lines might be longer than 'width'. |
| break_on_hyphens (default: true) |
| Allow breaking hyphenated words. If true, wrapping will occur |
| preferably on whitespaces and right after hyphens part of |
| compound words. |
| drop_whitespace (default: true) |
| Drop leading and trailing whitespace from lines. |
| max_lines (default: None) |
| Truncate wrapped lines. |
| placeholder (default: ' [...]') |
| Append to the last line of truncated text. |
| """ |
| |
| unicode_whitespace_trans = {} |
| uspace = ord(' ') |
| for x in _whitespace: |
| unicode_whitespace_trans[ord(x)] = uspace |
| |
| # This funky little regex is just the trick for splitting |
| # text up into word-wrappable chunks. E.g. |
| # "Hello there -- you goof-ball, use the -b option!" |
| # splits into |
| # Hello/ /there/ /--/ /you/ /goof-/ball,/ /use/ /the/ /-b/ /option! |
| # (after stripping out empty strings). |
| word_punct = r'[\w!"\'&.,?]' |
| letter = r'[^\d\W]' |
| whitespace = r'[%s]' % re.escape(_whitespace) |
| nowhitespace = '[^' + whitespace[1:] |
| wordsep_re = re.compile(r''' |
| ( # any whitespace |
| %(ws)s+ |
| | # em-dash between words |
| (?<=%(wp)s) -{2,} (?=\w) |
| | # word, possibly hyphenated |
| %(nws)s+? (?: |
| # hyphenated word |
| -(?: (?<=%(lt)s{2}-) | (?<=%(lt)s-%(lt)s-)) |
| (?= %(lt)s -? %(lt)s) |
| | # end of word |
| (?=%(ws)s|\Z) |
| | # em-dash |
| (?<=%(wp)s) (?=-{2,}\w) |
| ) |
| )''' % {'wp': word_punct, 'lt': letter, |
| 'ws': whitespace, 'nws': nowhitespace}, |
| re.VERBOSE) |
| del word_punct, letter, nowhitespace |
| |
| # This less funky little regex just split on recognized spaces. E.g. |
| # "Hello there -- you goof-ball, use the -b option!" |
| # splits into |
| # Hello/ /there/ /--/ /you/ /goof-ball,/ /use/ /the/ /-b/ /option!/ |
| wordsep_simple_re = re.compile(r'(%s+)' % whitespace) |
| del whitespace |
| |
| # XXX this is not locale- or charset-aware -- string.lowercase |
| # is US-ASCII only (and therefore English-only) |
| sentence_end_re = re.compile(r'[a-z]' # lowercase letter |
| r'[\.\!\?]' # sentence-ending punct. |
| r'[\"\']?' # optional end-of-quote |
| r'\Z') # end of chunk |
| |
| def __init__(self, |
| width=70, |
| initial_indent="", |
| subsequent_indent="", |
| expand_tabs=True, |
| replace_whitespace=True, |
| fix_sentence_endings=False, |
| break_long_words=True, |
| drop_whitespace=True, |
| break_on_hyphens=True, |
| tabsize=8, |
| *, |
| max_lines=None, |
| placeholder=' [...]'): |
| self.width = width |
| self.initial_indent = initial_indent |
| self.subsequent_indent = subsequent_indent |
| self.expand_tabs = expand_tabs |
| self.replace_whitespace = replace_whitespace |
| self.fix_sentence_endings = fix_sentence_endings |
| self.break_long_words = break_long_words |
| self.drop_whitespace = drop_whitespace |
| self.break_on_hyphens = break_on_hyphens |
| self.tabsize = tabsize |
| self.max_lines = max_lines |
| self.placeholder = placeholder |
| |
| |
| # -- Private methods ----------------------------------------------- |
| # (possibly useful for subclasses to override) |
| |
| def _munge_whitespace(self, text): |
| """_munge_whitespace(text : string) -> string |
| |
| Munge whitespace in text: expand tabs and convert all other |
| whitespace characters to spaces. Eg. " foo\\tbar\\n\\nbaz" |
| becomes " foo bar baz". |
| """ |
| if self.expand_tabs: |
| text = text.expandtabs(self.tabsize) |
| if self.replace_whitespace: |
| text = text.translate(self.unicode_whitespace_trans) |
| return text |
| |
| |
| def _split(self, text): |
| """_split(text : string) -> [string] |
| |
| Split the text to wrap into indivisible chunks. Chunks are |
| not quite the same as words; see _wrap_chunks() for full |
| details. As an example, the text |
| Look, goof-ball -- use the -b option! |
| breaks into the following chunks: |
| 'Look,', ' ', 'goof-', 'ball', ' ', '--', ' ', |
| 'use', ' ', 'the', ' ', '-b', ' ', 'option!' |
| if break_on_hyphens is True, or in: |
| 'Look,', ' ', 'goof-ball', ' ', '--', ' ', |
| 'use', ' ', 'the', ' ', '-b', ' ', option!' |
| otherwise. |
| """ |
| if self.break_on_hyphens is True: |
| chunks = self.wordsep_re.split(text) |
| else: |
| chunks = self.wordsep_simple_re.split(text) |
| chunks = [c for c in chunks if c] |
| return chunks |
| |
| def _fix_sentence_endings(self, chunks): |
| """_fix_sentence_endings(chunks : [string]) |
| |
| Correct for sentence endings buried in 'chunks'. Eg. when the |
| original text contains "... foo.\\nBar ...", munge_whitespace() |
| and split() will convert that to [..., "foo.", " ", "Bar", ...] |
| which has one too few spaces; this method simply changes the one |
| space to two. |
| """ |
| i = 0 |
| patsearch = self.sentence_end_re.search |
| while i < len(chunks)-1: |
| if chunks[i+1] == " " and patsearch(chunks[i]): |
| chunks[i+1] = " " |
| i += 2 |
| else: |
| i += 1 |
| |
| def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width): |
| """_handle_long_word(chunks : [string], |
| cur_line : [string], |
| cur_len : int, width : int) |
| |
| Handle a chunk of text (most likely a word, not whitespace) that |
| is too long to fit in any line. |
| """ |
| # Figure out when indent is larger than the specified width, and make |
| # sure at least one character is stripped off on every pass |
| if width < 1: |
| space_left = 1 |
| else: |
| space_left = width - cur_len |
| |
| # If we're allowed to break long words, then do so: put as much |
| # of the next chunk onto the current line as will fit. |
| if self.break_long_words: |
| cur_line.append(reversed_chunks[-1][:space_left]) |
| reversed_chunks[-1] = reversed_chunks[-1][space_left:] |
| |
| # Otherwise, we have to preserve the long word intact. Only add |
| # it to the current line if there's nothing already there -- |
| # that minimizes how much we violate the width constraint. |
| elif not cur_line: |
| cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop()) |
| |
| # If we're not allowed to break long words, and there's already |
| # text on the current line, do nothing. Next time through the |
| # main loop of _wrap_chunks(), we'll wind up here again, but |
| # cur_len will be zero, so the next line will be entirely |
| # devoted to the long word that we can't handle right now. |
| |
| def _wrap_chunks(self, chunks): |
| """_wrap_chunks(chunks : [string]) -> [string] |
| |
| Wrap a sequence of text chunks and return a list of lines of |
| length 'self.width' or less. (If 'break_long_words' is false, |
| some lines may be longer than this.) Chunks correspond roughly |
| to words and the whitespace between them: each chunk is |
| indivisible (modulo 'break_long_words'), but a line break can |
| come between any two chunks. Chunks should not have internal |
| whitespace; ie. a chunk is either all whitespace or a "word". |
| Whitespace chunks will be removed from the beginning and end of |
| lines, but apart from that whitespace is preserved. |
| """ |
| lines = [] |
| if self.width <= 0: |
| raise ValueError("invalid width %r (must be > 0)" % self.width) |
| if self.max_lines is not None: |
| if self.max_lines > 1: |
| indent = self.subsequent_indent |
| else: |
| indent = self.initial_indent |
| if len(indent) + len(self.placeholder.lstrip()) > self.width: |
| raise ValueError("placeholder too large for max width") |
| |
| # Arrange in reverse order so items can be efficiently popped |
| # from a stack of chucks. |
| chunks.reverse() |
| |
| while chunks: |
| |
| # Start the list of chunks that will make up the current line. |
| # cur_len is just the length of all the chunks in cur_line. |
| cur_line = [] |
| cur_len = 0 |
| |
| # Figure out which static string will prefix this line. |
| if lines: |
| indent = self.subsequent_indent |
| else: |
| indent = self.initial_indent |
| |
| # Maximum width for this line. |
| width = self.width - len(indent) |
| |
| # First chunk on line is whitespace -- drop it, unless this |
| # is the very beginning of the text (ie. no lines started yet). |
| if self.drop_whitespace and chunks[-1].strip() == '' and lines: |
| del chunks[-1] |
| |
| while chunks: |
| l = len(chunks[-1]) |
| |
| # Can at least squeeze this chunk onto the current line. |
| if cur_len + l <= width: |
| cur_line.append(chunks.pop()) |
| cur_len += l |
| |
| # Nope, this line is full. |
| else: |
| break |
| |
| # The current line is full, and the next chunk is too big to |
| # fit on *any* line (not just this one). |
| if chunks and len(chunks[-1]) > width: |
| self._handle_long_word(chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width) |
| cur_len = sum(map(len, cur_line)) |
| |
| # If the last chunk on this line is all whitespace, drop it. |
| if self.drop_whitespace and cur_line and cur_line[-1].strip() == '': |
| cur_len -= len(cur_line[-1]) |
| del cur_line[-1] |
| |
| if cur_line: |
| if (self.max_lines is None or |
| len(lines) + 1 < self.max_lines or |
| (not chunks or |
| self.drop_whitespace and |
| len(chunks) == 1 and |
| not chunks[0].strip()) and cur_len <= width): |
| # Convert current line back to a string and store it in |
| # list of all lines (return value). |
| lines.append(indent + ''.join(cur_line)) |
| else: |
| while cur_line: |
| if (cur_line[-1].strip() and |
| cur_len + len(self.placeholder) <= width): |
| cur_line.append(self.placeholder) |
| lines.append(indent + ''.join(cur_line)) |
| break |
| cur_len -= len(cur_line[-1]) |
| del cur_line[-1] |
| else: |
| if lines: |
| prev_line = lines[-1].rstrip() |
| if (len(prev_line) + len(self.placeholder) <= |
| self.width): |
| lines[-1] = prev_line + self.placeholder |
| break |
| lines.append(indent + self.placeholder.lstrip()) |
| break |
| |
| return lines |
| |
| def _split_chunks(self, text): |
| text = self._munge_whitespace(text) |
| return self._split(text) |
| |
| # -- Public interface ---------------------------------------------- |
| |
| def wrap(self, text): |
| """wrap(text : string) -> [string] |
| |
| Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' so it fits in lines of |
| no more than 'self.width' columns, and return a list of wrapped |
| lines. Tabs in 'text' are expanded with string.expandtabs(), |
| and all other whitespace characters (including newline) are |
| converted to space. |
| """ |
| chunks = self._split_chunks(text) |
| if self.fix_sentence_endings: |
| self._fix_sentence_endings(chunks) |
| return self._wrap_chunks(chunks) |
| |
| def fill(self, text): |
| """fill(text : string) -> string |
| |
| Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' to fit in lines of no |
| more than 'self.width' columns, and return a new string |
| containing the entire wrapped paragraph. |
| """ |
| return "\n".join(self.wrap(text)) |
| |
| |
| # -- Convenience interface --------------------------------------------- |
| |
| def wrap(text, width=70, **kwargs): |
| """Wrap a single paragraph of text, returning a list of wrapped lines. |
| |
| Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' so it fits in lines of no |
| more than 'width' columns, and return a list of wrapped lines. By |
| default, tabs in 'text' are expanded with string.expandtabs(), and |
| all other whitespace characters (including newline) are converted to |
| space. See TextWrapper class for available keyword args to customize |
| wrapping behaviour. |
| """ |
| w = TextWrapper(width=width, **kwargs) |
| return w.wrap(text) |
| |
| def fill(text, width=70, **kwargs): |
| """Fill a single paragraph of text, returning a new string. |
| |
| Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' to fit in lines of no more |
| than 'width' columns, and return a new string containing the entire |
| wrapped paragraph. As with wrap(), tabs are expanded and other |
| whitespace characters converted to space. See TextWrapper class for |
| available keyword args to customize wrapping behaviour. |
| """ |
| w = TextWrapper(width=width, **kwargs) |
| return w.fill(text) |
| |
| def shorten(text, width, **kwargs): |
| """Collapse and truncate the given text to fit in the given width. |
| |
| The text first has its whitespace collapsed. If it then fits in |
| the *width*, it is returned as is. Otherwise, as many words |
| as possible are joined and then the placeholder is appended:: |
| |
| >>> textwrap.shorten("Hello world!", width=12) |
| 'Hello world!' |
| >>> textwrap.shorten("Hello world!", width=11) |
| 'Hello [...]' |
| """ |
| w = TextWrapper(width=width, max_lines=1, **kwargs) |
| return w.fill(' '.join(text.strip().split())) |
| |
| |
| # -- Loosely related functionality ------------------------------------- |
| |
| _whitespace_only_re = re.compile('^[ \t]+$', re.MULTILINE) |
| _leading_whitespace_re = re.compile('(^[ \t]*)(?:[^ \t\n])', re.MULTILINE) |
| |
| def dedent(text): |
| """Remove any common leading whitespace from every line in `text`. |
| |
| This can be used to make triple-quoted strings line up with the left |
| edge of the display, while still presenting them in the source code |
| in indented form. |
| |
| Note that tabs and spaces are both treated as whitespace, but they |
| are not equal: the lines " hello" and "\\thello" are |
| considered to have no common leading whitespace. (This behaviour is |
| new in Python 2.5; older versions of this module incorrectly |
| expanded tabs before searching for common leading whitespace.) |
| """ |
| # Look for the longest leading string of spaces and tabs common to |
| # all lines. |
| margin = None |
| text = _whitespace_only_re.sub('', text) |
| indents = _leading_whitespace_re.findall(text) |
| for indent in indents: |
| if margin is None: |
| margin = indent |
| |
| # Current line more deeply indented than previous winner: |
| # no change (previous winner is still on top). |
| elif indent.startswith(margin): |
| pass |
| |
| # Current line consistent with and no deeper than previous winner: |
| # it's the new winner. |
| elif margin.startswith(indent): |
| margin = indent |
| |
| # Find the largest common whitespace between current line and previous |
| # winner. |
| else: |
| for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(margin, indent)): |
| if x != y: |
| margin = margin[:i] |
| break |
| |
| # sanity check (testing/debugging only) |
| if 0 and margin: |
| for line in text.split("\n"): |
| assert not line or line.startswith(margin), \ |
| "line = %r, margin = %r" % (line, margin) |
| |
| if margin: |
| text = re.sub(r'(?m)^' + margin, '', text) |
| return text |
| |
| |
| def indent(text, prefix, predicate=None): |
| """Adds 'prefix' to the beginning of selected lines in 'text'. |
| |
| If 'predicate' is provided, 'prefix' will only be added to the lines |
| where 'predicate(line)' is True. If 'predicate' is not provided, |
| it will default to adding 'prefix' to all non-empty lines that do not |
| consist solely of whitespace characters. |
| """ |
| if predicate is None: |
| def predicate(line): |
| return line.strip() |
| |
| def prefixed_lines(): |
| for line in text.splitlines(True): |
| yield (prefix + line if predicate(line) else line) |
| return ''.join(prefixed_lines()) |
| |
| |
| if __name__ == "__main__": |
| #print dedent("\tfoo\n\tbar") |
| #print dedent(" \thello there\n \t how are you?") |
| print(dedent("Hello there.\n This is indented.")) |