| # Module 'ntpath' -- common operations on WinNT/Win95 pathnames |
| """Common pathname manipulations, WindowsNT/95 version. |
| |
| Instead of importing this module directly, import os and refer to this |
| module as os.path. |
| """ |
| |
| import os |
| import sys |
| import stat |
| import genericpath |
| from genericpath import * |
| |
| __all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext", |
| "basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime", |
| "getatime","getctime", "islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile", |
| "ismount", "expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath", |
| "splitunc","curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep", |
| "extsep","devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames","relpath", |
| "samefile", "sameopenfile",] |
| |
| # strings representing various path-related bits and pieces |
| # These are primarily for export; internally, they are hardcoded. |
| curdir = '.' |
| pardir = '..' |
| extsep = '.' |
| sep = '\\' |
| pathsep = ';' |
| altsep = '/' |
| defpath = '.;C:\\bin' |
| if 'ce' in sys.builtin_module_names: |
| defpath = '\\Windows' |
| elif 'os2' in sys.builtin_module_names: |
| # OS/2 w/ VACPP |
| altsep = '/' |
| devnull = 'nul' |
| |
| def _get_empty(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| return b'' |
| else: |
| return '' |
| |
| def _get_sep(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| return b'\\' |
| else: |
| return '\\' |
| |
| def _get_altsep(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| return b'/' |
| else: |
| return '/' |
| |
| def _get_bothseps(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| return b'\\/' |
| else: |
| return '\\/' |
| |
| def _get_dot(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| return b'.' |
| else: |
| return '.' |
| |
| def _get_colon(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| return b':' |
| else: |
| return ':' |
| |
| def _get_special(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| return (b'\\\\.\\', b'\\\\?\\') |
| else: |
| return ('\\\\.\\', '\\\\?\\') |
| |
| # Normalize the case of a pathname and map slashes to backslashes. |
| # Other normalizations (such as optimizing '../' away) are not done |
| # (this is done by normpath). |
| |
| def normcase(s): |
| """Normalize case of pathname. |
| |
| Makes all characters lowercase and all slashes into backslashes.""" |
| if not isinstance(s, (bytes, str)): |
| raise TypeError("normcase() argument must be str or bytes, " |
| "not '{}'".format(s.__class__.__name__)) |
| return s.replace(_get_altsep(s), _get_sep(s)).lower() |
| |
| |
| # Return whether a path is absolute. |
| # Trivial in Posix, harder on Windows. |
| # For Windows it is absolute if it starts with a slash or backslash (current |
| # volume), or if a pathname after the volume-letter-and-colon or UNC-resource |
| # starts with a slash or backslash. |
| |
| def isabs(s): |
| """Test whether a path is absolute""" |
| s = splitdrive(s)[1] |
| return len(s) > 0 and s[:1] in _get_bothseps(s) |
| |
| |
| # Join two (or more) paths. |
| |
| def join(a, *p): |
| """Join two or more pathname components, inserting "\\" as needed. |
| If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components |
| will be discarded.""" |
| sep = _get_sep(a) |
| seps = _get_bothseps(a) |
| colon = _get_colon(a) |
| path = a |
| for b in p: |
| b_wins = 0 # set to 1 iff b makes path irrelevant |
| if not path: |
| b_wins = 1 |
| |
| elif isabs(b): |
| # This probably wipes out path so far. However, it's more |
| # complicated if path begins with a drive letter. You get a+b |
| # (minus redundant slashes) in these four cases: |
| # 1. join('c:', '/a') == 'c:/a' |
| # 2. join('//computer/share', '/a') == '//computer/share/a' |
| # 3. join('c:/', '/a') == 'c:/a' |
| # 4. join('//computer/share/', '/a') == '//computer/share/a' |
| # But b wins in all of these cases: |
| # 5. join('c:/a', '/b') == '/b' |
| # 6. join('//computer/share/a', '/b') == '/b' |
| # 7. join('c:', 'd:/') == 'd:/' |
| # 8. join('c:', '//computer/share/') == '//computer/share/' |
| # 9. join('//computer/share', 'd:/') == 'd:/' |
| # 10. join('//computer/share', '//computer/share/') == '//computer/share/' |
| # 11. join('c:/', 'd:/') == 'd:/' |
| # 12. join('c:/', '//computer/share/') == '//computer/share/' |
| # 13. join('//computer/share/', 'd:/') == 'd:/' |
| # 14. join('//computer/share/', '//computer/share/') == '//computer/share/' |
| b_prefix, b_rest = splitdrive(b) |
| |
| # if b has a prefix, it always wins. |
| if b_prefix: |
| b_wins = 1 |
| else: |
| # b doesn't have a prefix. |
| # but isabs(b) returned true. |
| # and therefore b_rest[0] must be a slash. |
| # (but let's check that.) |
| assert(b_rest and b_rest[0] in seps) |
| |
| # so, b still wins if path has a rest that's more than a sep. |
| # you get a+b if path_rest is empty or only has a sep. |
| # (see cases 1-4 for times when b loses.) |
| path_rest = splitdrive(path)[1] |
| b_wins = path_rest and path_rest not in seps |
| |
| if b_wins: |
| path = b |
| else: |
| # Join, and ensure there's a separator. |
| assert len(path) > 0 |
| if path[-1:] in seps: |
| if b and b[:1] in seps: |
| path += b[1:] |
| else: |
| path += b |
| elif path[-1:] == colon: |
| path += b |
| elif b: |
| if b[:1] in seps: |
| path += b |
| else: |
| path += sep + b |
| else: |
| # path is not empty and does not end with a backslash, |
| # but b is empty; since, e.g., split('a/') produces |
| # ('a', ''), it's best if join() adds a backslash in |
| # this case. |
| path += sep |
| |
| return path |
| |
| |
| # Split a path in a drive specification (a drive letter followed by a |
| # colon) and the path specification. |
| # It is always true that drivespec + pathspec == p |
| def splitdrive(p): |
| """Split a pathname into drive/UNC sharepoint and relative path specifiers. |
| Returns a 2-tuple (drive_or_unc, path); either part may be empty. |
| |
| If you assign |
| result = splitdrive(p) |
| It is always true that: |
| result[0] + result[1] == p |
| |
| If the path contained a drive letter, drive_or_unc will contain everything |
| up to and including the colon. e.g. splitdrive("c:/dir") returns ("c:", "/dir") |
| |
| If the path contained a UNC path, the drive_or_unc will contain the host name |
| and share up to but not including the fourth directory separator character. |
| e.g. splitdrive("//host/computer/dir") returns ("//host/computer", "/dir") |
| |
| Paths cannot contain both a drive letter and a UNC path. |
| |
| """ |
| empty = _get_empty(p) |
| if len(p) > 1: |
| sep = _get_sep(p) |
| normp = normcase(p) |
| if (normp[0:2] == sep*2) and (normp[2:3] != sep): |
| # is a UNC path: |
| # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv drive letter or UNC path |
| # \\machine\mountpoint\directory\etc\... |
| # directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
| index = normp.find(sep, 2) |
| if index == -1: |
| return empty, p |
| index2 = normp.find(sep, index + 1) |
| # a UNC path can't have two slashes in a row |
| # (after the initial two) |
| if index2 == index + 1: |
| return empty, p |
| if index2 == -1: |
| index2 = len(p) |
| return p[:index2], p[index2:] |
| if normp[1:2] == _get_colon(p): |
| return p[:2], p[2:] |
| return empty, p |
| |
| |
| # Parse UNC paths |
| def splitunc(p): |
| """Deprecated since Python 3.1. Please use splitdrive() instead; |
| it now handles UNC paths. |
| |
| Split a pathname into UNC mount point and relative path specifiers. |
| |
| Return a 2-tuple (unc, rest); either part may be empty. |
| If unc is not empty, it has the form '//host/mount' (or similar |
| using backslashes). unc+rest is always the input path. |
| Paths containing drive letters never have an UNC part. |
| """ |
| import warnings |
| warnings.warn("ntpath.splitunc is deprecated, use ntpath.splitdrive instead", |
| DeprecationWarning) |
| sep = _get_sep(p) |
| if not p[1:2]: |
| return p[:0], p # Drive letter present |
| firstTwo = p[0:2] |
| if normcase(firstTwo) == sep + sep: |
| # is a UNC path: |
| # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv equivalent to drive letter |
| # \\machine\mountpoint\directories... |
| # directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
| normp = normcase(p) |
| index = normp.find(sep, 2) |
| if index == -1: |
| ##raise RuntimeError, 'illegal UNC path: "' + p + '"' |
| return (p[:0], p) |
| index = normp.find(sep, index + 1) |
| if index == -1: |
| index = len(p) |
| return p[:index], p[index:] |
| return p[:0], p |
| |
| |
| # Split a path in head (everything up to the last '/') and tail (the |
| # rest). After the trailing '/' is stripped, the invariant |
| # join(head, tail) == p holds. |
| # The resulting head won't end in '/' unless it is the root. |
| |
| def split(p): |
| """Split a pathname. |
| |
| Return tuple (head, tail) where tail is everything after the final slash. |
| Either part may be empty.""" |
| |
| seps = _get_bothseps(p) |
| d, p = splitdrive(p) |
| # set i to index beyond p's last slash |
| i = len(p) |
| while i and p[i-1] not in seps: |
| i -= 1 |
| head, tail = p[:i], p[i:] # now tail has no slashes |
| # remove trailing slashes from head, unless it's all slashes |
| head2 = head |
| while head2 and head2[-1:] in seps: |
| head2 = head2[:-1] |
| head = head2 or head |
| return d + head, tail |
| |
| |
| # Split a path in root and extension. |
| # The extension is everything starting at the last dot in the last |
| # pathname component; the root is everything before that. |
| # It is always true that root + ext == p. |
| |
| def splitext(p): |
| return genericpath._splitext(p, _get_sep(p), _get_altsep(p), |
| _get_dot(p)) |
| splitext.__doc__ = genericpath._splitext.__doc__ |
| |
| |
| # Return the tail (basename) part of a path. |
| |
| def basename(p): |
| """Returns the final component of a pathname""" |
| return split(p)[1] |
| |
| |
| # Return the head (dirname) part of a path. |
| |
| def dirname(p): |
| """Returns the directory component of a pathname""" |
| return split(p)[0] |
| |
| # Is a path a symbolic link? |
| # This will always return false on systems where os.lstat doesn't exist. |
| |
| def islink(path): |
| """Test whether a path is a symbolic link. |
| This will always return false for Windows prior to 6.0 |
| and for OS/2. |
| """ |
| try: |
| st = os.lstat(path) |
| except (os.error, AttributeError): |
| return False |
| return stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) |
| |
| # Being true for dangling symbolic links is also useful. |
| |
| def lexists(path): |
| """Test whether a path exists. Returns True for broken symbolic links""" |
| try: |
| st = os.lstat(path) |
| except (os.error, WindowsError): |
| return False |
| return True |
| |
| # Is a path a mount point? Either a root (with or without drive letter) |
| # or an UNC path with at most a / or \ after the mount point. |
| |
| def ismount(path): |
| """Test whether a path is a mount point (defined as root of drive)""" |
| seps = _get_bothseps(path) |
| root, rest = splitdrive(path) |
| if root and root[0] in seps: |
| return (not rest) or (rest in seps) |
| return rest in seps |
| |
| |
| # Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'. |
| # '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory. |
| # If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown, |
| # the path is returned unchanged (leaving error reporting to whatever |
| # function is called with the expanded path as argument). |
| # See also module 'glob' for expansion of *, ? and [...] in pathnames. |
| # (A function should also be defined to do full *sh-style environment |
| # variable expansion.) |
| |
| def expanduser(path): |
| """Expand ~ and ~user constructs. |
| |
| If user or $HOME is unknown, do nothing.""" |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| tilde = b'~' |
| else: |
| tilde = '~' |
| if not path.startswith(tilde): |
| return path |
| i, n = 1, len(path) |
| while i < n and path[i] not in _get_bothseps(path): |
| i += 1 |
| |
| if 'HOME' in os.environ: |
| userhome = os.environ['HOME'] |
| elif 'USERPROFILE' in os.environ: |
| userhome = os.environ['USERPROFILE'] |
| elif not 'HOMEPATH' in os.environ: |
| return path |
| else: |
| try: |
| drive = os.environ['HOMEDRIVE'] |
| except KeyError: |
| drive = '' |
| userhome = join(drive, os.environ['HOMEPATH']) |
| |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| userhome = userhome.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()) |
| |
| if i != 1: #~user |
| userhome = join(dirname(userhome), path[1:i]) |
| |
| return userhome + path[i:] |
| |
| |
| # Expand paths containing shell variable substitutions. |
| # The following rules apply: |
| # - no expansion within single quotes |
| # - '$$' is translated into '$' |
| # - '%%' is translated into '%' if '%%' are not seen in %var1%%var2% |
| # - ${varname} is accepted. |
| # - $varname is accepted. |
| # - %varname% is accepted. |
| # - varnames can be made out of letters, digits and the characters '_-' |
| # (though is not verified in the ${varname} and %varname% cases) |
| # XXX With COMMAND.COM you can use any characters in a variable name, |
| # XXX except '^|<>='. |
| |
| def expandvars(path): |
| """Expand shell variables of the forms $var, ${var} and %var%. |
| |
| Unknown variables are left unchanged.""" |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| if ord('$') not in path and ord('%') not in path: |
| return path |
| import string |
| varchars = bytes(string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_-', 'ascii') |
| quote = b'\'' |
| percent = b'%' |
| brace = b'{' |
| dollar = b'$' |
| else: |
| if '$' not in path and '%' not in path: |
| return path |
| import string |
| varchars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + '_-' |
| quote = '\'' |
| percent = '%' |
| brace = '{' |
| dollar = '$' |
| res = path[:0] |
| index = 0 |
| pathlen = len(path) |
| while index < pathlen: |
| c = path[index:index+1] |
| if c == quote: # no expansion within single quotes |
| path = path[index + 1:] |
| pathlen = len(path) |
| try: |
| index = path.index(c) |
| res += c + path[:index + 1] |
| except ValueError: |
| res += path |
| index = pathlen - 1 |
| elif c == percent: # variable or '%' |
| if path[index + 1:index + 2] == percent: |
| res += c |
| index += 1 |
| else: |
| path = path[index+1:] |
| pathlen = len(path) |
| try: |
| index = path.index(percent) |
| except ValueError: |
| res += percent + path |
| index = pathlen - 1 |
| else: |
| var = path[:index] |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| var = var.decode('ascii') |
| if var in os.environ: |
| value = os.environ[var] |
| else: |
| value = '%' + var + '%' |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| value = value.encode('ascii') |
| res += value |
| elif c == dollar: # variable or '$$' |
| if path[index + 1:index + 2] == dollar: |
| res += c |
| index += 1 |
| elif path[index + 1:index + 2] == brace: |
| path = path[index+2:] |
| pathlen = len(path) |
| try: |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| index = path.index(b'}') |
| else: |
| index = path.index('}') |
| var = path[:index] |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| var = var.decode('ascii') |
| if var in os.environ: |
| value = os.environ[var] |
| else: |
| value = '${' + var + '}' |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| value = value.encode('ascii') |
| res += value |
| except ValueError: |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| res += b'${' + path |
| else: |
| res += '${' + path |
| index = pathlen - 1 |
| else: |
| var = '' |
| index += 1 |
| c = path[index:index + 1] |
| while c and c in varchars: |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| var += c.decode('ascii') |
| else: |
| var += c |
| index += 1 |
| c = path[index:index + 1] |
| if var in os.environ: |
| value = os.environ[var] |
| else: |
| value = '$' + var |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| value = value.encode('ascii') |
| res += value |
| if c: |
| index -= 1 |
| else: |
| res += c |
| index += 1 |
| return res |
| |
| |
| # Normalize a path, e.g. A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B all become A\B. |
| # Previously, this function also truncated pathnames to 8+3 format, |
| # but as this module is called "ntpath", that's obviously wrong! |
| |
| def normpath(path): |
| """Normalize path, eliminating double slashes, etc.""" |
| sep = _get_sep(path) |
| dotdot = _get_dot(path) * 2 |
| special_prefixes = _get_special(path) |
| if path.startswith(special_prefixes): |
| # in the case of paths with these prefixes: |
| # \\.\ -> device names |
| # \\?\ -> literal paths |
| # do not do any normalization, but return the path unchanged |
| return path |
| path = path.replace(_get_altsep(path), sep) |
| prefix, path = splitdrive(path) |
| |
| # collapse initial backslashes |
| if path.startswith(sep): |
| prefix += sep |
| path = path.lstrip(sep) |
| |
| comps = path.split(sep) |
| i = 0 |
| while i < len(comps): |
| if not comps[i] or comps[i] == _get_dot(path): |
| del comps[i] |
| elif comps[i] == dotdot: |
| if i > 0 and comps[i-1] != dotdot: |
| del comps[i-1:i+1] |
| i -= 1 |
| elif i == 0 and prefix.endswith(_get_sep(path)): |
| del comps[i] |
| else: |
| i += 1 |
| else: |
| i += 1 |
| # If the path is now empty, substitute '.' |
| if not prefix and not comps: |
| comps.append(_get_dot(path)) |
| return prefix + sep.join(comps) |
| |
| |
| # Return an absolute path. |
| try: |
| from nt import _getfullpathname |
| |
| except ImportError: # not running on Windows - mock up something sensible |
| def abspath(path): |
| """Return the absolute version of a path.""" |
| if not isabs(path): |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| cwd = os.getcwdb() |
| else: |
| cwd = os.getcwd() |
| path = join(cwd, path) |
| return normpath(path) |
| |
| else: # use native Windows method on Windows |
| def abspath(path): |
| """Return the absolute version of a path.""" |
| |
| if path: # Empty path must return current working directory. |
| try: |
| path = _getfullpathname(path) |
| except WindowsError: |
| pass # Bad path - return unchanged. |
| elif isinstance(path, bytes): |
| path = os.getcwdb() |
| else: |
| path = os.getcwd() |
| return normpath(path) |
| |
| # realpath is a no-op on systems without islink support |
| realpath = abspath |
| # Win9x family and earlier have no Unicode filename support. |
| supports_unicode_filenames = (hasattr(sys, "getwindowsversion") and |
| sys.getwindowsversion()[3] >= 2) |
| |
| def relpath(path, start=curdir): |
| """Return a relative version of a path""" |
| sep = _get_sep(path) |
| |
| if start is curdir: |
| start = _get_dot(path) |
| |
| if not path: |
| raise ValueError("no path specified") |
| |
| start_abs = abspath(normpath(start)) |
| path_abs = abspath(normpath(path)) |
| start_drive, start_rest = splitdrive(start_abs) |
| path_drive, path_rest = splitdrive(path_abs) |
| if normcase(start_drive) != normcase(path_drive): |
| error = "path is on mount '{0}', start on mount '{1}'".format( |
| path_drive, start_drive) |
| raise ValueError(error) |
| |
| start_list = [x for x in start_rest.split(sep) if x] |
| path_list = [x for x in path_rest.split(sep) if x] |
| # Work out how much of the filepath is shared by start and path. |
| i = 0 |
| for e1, e2 in zip(start_list, path_list): |
| if normcase(e1) != normcase(e2): |
| break |
| i += 1 |
| |
| if isinstance(path, bytes): |
| pardir = b'..' |
| else: |
| pardir = '..' |
| rel_list = [pardir] * (len(start_list)-i) + path_list[i:] |
| if not rel_list: |
| return _get_dot(path) |
| return join(*rel_list) |
| |
| |
| # determine if two files are in fact the same file |
| try: |
| # GetFinalPathNameByHandle is available starting with Windows 6.0. |
| # Windows XP and non-Windows OS'es will mock _getfinalpathname. |
| if sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] >= (6, 0): |
| from nt import _getfinalpathname |
| else: |
| raise ImportError |
| except (AttributeError, ImportError): |
| # On Windows XP and earlier, two files are the same if their absolute |
| # pathnames are the same. |
| # Non-Windows operating systems fake this method with an XP |
| # approximation. |
| def _getfinalpathname(f): |
| return normcase(abspath(f)) |
| |
| def samefile(f1, f2): |
| "Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file" |
| return _getfinalpathname(f1) == _getfinalpathname(f2) |
| |
| |
| try: |
| from nt import _getfileinformation |
| except ImportError: |
| # On other operating systems, just return the fd and see that |
| # it compares equal in sameopenfile. |
| def _getfileinformation(fd): |
| return fd |
| |
| def sameopenfile(f1, f2): |
| """Test whether two file objects reference the same file""" |
| return _getfileinformation(f1) == _getfileinformation(f2) |
| |
| |
| try: |
| # The genericpath.isdir implementation uses os.stat and checks the mode |
| # attribute to tell whether or not the path is a directory. |
| # This is overkill on Windows - just pass the path to GetFileAttributes |
| # and check the attribute from there. |
| from nt import _isdir as isdir |
| except ImportError: |
| # Use genericpath.isdir as imported above. |
| pass |