Lib/sndhdr.py

"""Routines to help recognizing sound files.

Function whathdr() recognizes various types of sound file headers.
It understands almost all headers that SOX can decode.

The return tuple contains the following items, in this order:
- file type (as SOX understands it)
- sampling rate (0 if unknown or hard to decode)
- number of channels (0 if unknown or hard to decode)
- number of frames in the file (-1 if unknown or hard to decode)
- number of bits/sample, or 'U' for U-LAW, or 'A' for A-LAW

If the file doesn't have a recognizable type, it returns None.
If the file can't be opened, IOError is raised.

To compute the total time, divide the number of frames by the
sampling rate (a frame contains a sample for each channel).

Function what() calls whathdr().  (It used to also use some
heuristics for raw data, but this doesn't work very well.)

Finally, the function test() is a simple main program that calls
what() for all files mentioned on the argument list.  For directory
arguments it calls what() for all files in that directory.  Default
argument is "." (testing all files in the current directory).  The
option -r tells it to recurse down directories found inside
explicitly given directories.
"""

# The file structure is top-down except that the test program and its
# subroutine come last.


def what(filename):
	"""Guess the type of a sound file"""
	res = whathdr(filename)
	return res


def whathdr(filename):
	"""Recognize sound headers"""
	f = open(filename, 'r')
	h = f.read(512)
	for tf in tests:
		res = tf(h, f)
		if res:
			return res
	return None


#-----------------------------------#
# Subroutines per sound header type #
#-----------------------------------#

tests = []

def test_aifc(h, f):
	import aifc
	if h[:4] <> 'FORM':
		return None
	if h[8:12] == 'AIFC':
		fmt = 'aifc'
	elif h[8:12] == 'AIFF':
		fmt = 'aiff'
	else:
		return None
	f.seek(0)
	try:
		a = aifc.openfp(f, 'r')
	except (EOFError, aifc.Error):
		return None
	return (fmt, a.getframerate(), a.getnchannels(), \
		a.getnframes(), 8*a.getsampwidth())

tests.append(test_aifc)


def test_au(h, f):
	if h[:4] == '.snd':
		f = get_long_be
	elif h[:4] in ('\0ds.', 'dns.'):
		f = get_long_le
	else:
		return None
	type = 'au'
	hdr_size = f(h[4:8])
	data_size = f(h[8:12])
	encoding = f(h[12:16])
	rate = f(h[16:20])
	nchannels = f(h[20:24])
	sample_size = 1 # default
	if encoding == 1:
		sample_bits = 'U'
	elif encoding == 2:
		sample_bits = 8
	elif encoding == 3:
		sample_bits = 16
		sample_size = 2
	else:
		sample_bits = '?'
	frame_size = sample_size * nchannels
	return type, rate, nchannels, data_size/frame_size, sample_bits

tests.append(test_au)


def test_hcom(h, f):
	if h[65:69] <> 'FSSD' or h[128:132] <> 'HCOM':
		return None
	divisor = get_long_be(h[128+16:128+20])
	return 'hcom', 22050/divisor, 1, -1, 8

tests.append(test_hcom)


def test_voc(h, f):
	if h[:20] <> 'Creative Voice File\032':
		return None
	sbseek = get_short_le(h[20:22])
	rate = 0
	if 0 <= sbseek < 500 and h[sbseek] == '\1':
		ratecode = ord(h[sbseek+4])
		rate = int(1000000.0 / (256 - ratecode))
	return 'voc', rate, 1, -1, 8

tests.append(test_voc)


def test_wav(h, f):
	# 'RIFF' <len> 'WAVE' 'fmt ' <len>
	if h[:4] <> 'RIFF' or h[8:12] <> 'WAVE' or h[12:16] <> 'fmt ':
		return None
	style = get_short_le(h[20:22])
	nchannels = get_short_le(h[22:24])
	rate = get_long_le(h[24:28])
	sample_bits = get_short_le(h[34:36])
	return 'wav', rate, nchannels, -1, sample_bits

tests.append(test_wav)


def test_8svx(h, f):
	if h[:4] <> 'FORM' or h[8:12] <> '8SVX':
		return None
	# Should decode it to get #channels -- assume always 1
	return '8svx', 0, 1, 0, 8

tests.append(test_8svx)


def test_sndt(h, f):
	if h[:5] == 'SOUND':
		nsamples = get_long_le(h[8:12])
		rate = get_short_le(h[20:22])
		return 'sndt', rate, 1, nsamples, 8

tests.append(test_sndt)


def test_sndr(h, f):
	if h[:2] == '\0\0':
		rate = get_short_le(h[2:4])
		if 4000 <= rate <= 25000:
			return 'sndr', rate, 1, -1, 8

tests.append(test_sndr)


#---------------------------------------------#
# Subroutines to extract numbers from strings #
#---------------------------------------------#

def get_long_be(s):
	return (ord(s[0])<<24) | (ord(s[1])<<16) | (ord(s[2])<<8) | ord(s[3])

def get_long_le(s):
	return (ord(s[3])<<24) | (ord(s[2])<<16) | (ord(s[1])<<8) | ord(s[0])

def get_short_be(s):
	return (ord(s[0])<<8) | ord(s[1])

def get_short_le(s):
	return (ord(s[1])<<8) | ord(s[0])


#--------------------#
# Small test program #
#--------------------#

def test():
	import sys
	recursive = 0
	if sys.argv[1:] and sys.argv[1] == '-r':
		del sys.argv[1:2]
		recursive = 1
	try:
		if sys.argv[1:]:
			testall(sys.argv[1:], recursive, 1)
		else:
			testall(['.'], recursive, 1)
	except KeyboardInterrupt:
		sys.stderr.write('\n[Interrupted]\n')
		sys.exit(1)

def testall(list, recursive, toplevel):
	import sys
	import os
	for filename in list:
		if os.path.isdir(filename):
			print filename + '/:',
			if recursive or toplevel:
				print 'recursing down:'
				import glob
				names = glob.glob(os.path.join(filename, '*'))
				testall(names, recursive, 0)
			else:
				print '*** directory (use -r) ***'
		else:
			print filename + ':',
			sys.stdout.flush()
			try:
				print what(filename)
			except IOError:
				print '*** not found ***'

if __name__ == '__main__':
	test()