Tools/iobench/iobench.py - platform/external/python/cpython3 - Gitiles

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # This file should be kept compatible with both Python 2.6 and Python >= 3.0.

 import itertools
 import os
 import platform
 import re
 import sys
 import time
 from optparse import OptionParser

 out = sys.stdout

 TEXT_ENCODING = 'utf8'
 NEWLINES = 'lf'

 # Compatibility
 try:
     xrange
 except NameError:
     xrange = range

 def text_open(fn, mode, encoding=None):
     try:
         return open(fn, mode, encoding=encoding or TEXT_ENCODING)
     except TypeError:
         if 'r' in mode:
             mode += 'U' # 'U' mode is needed only in Python 2.x
         return open(fn, mode)

 def get_file_sizes():
     for s in ['20 KB', '400 KB', '10 MB']:
         size, unit = s.split()
         size = int(size) * {'KB': 1024, 'MB': 1024 ** 2}[unit]
         yield s.replace(' ', ''), size

 def get_binary_files():
     return ((name + ".bin", size) for name, size in get_file_sizes())

 def get_text_files():
     return (("%s-%s-%s.txt" % (name, TEXT_ENCODING, NEWLINES), size)
         for name, size in get_file_sizes())

 def with_open_mode(mode):
     def decorate(f):
         f.file_open_mode = mode
         return f
     return decorate

 def with_sizes(*sizes):
     def decorate(f):
         f.file_sizes = sizes
         return f
     return decorate


 # Here begin the tests

 @with_open_mode("r")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_bytewise(f):
     """ read one unit at a time """
     f.seek(0)
     while f.read(1):
         pass

 @with_open_mode("r")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_small_chunks(f):
     """ read 20 units at a time """
     f.seek(0)
     while f.read(20):
         pass

 @with_open_mode("r")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_big_chunks(f):
     """ read 4096 units at a time """
     f.seek(0)
     while f.read(4096):
         pass

 @with_open_mode("r")
 @with_sizes("small", "medium", "large")
 def read_whole_file(f):
     """ read whole contents at once """
     f.seek(0)
     while f.read():
         pass

 @with_open_mode("rt")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_lines(f):
     """ read one line at a time """
     f.seek(0)
     for line in f:
         pass

 @with_open_mode("r")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def seek_forward_bytewise(f):
     """ seek forward one unit at a time """
     f.seek(0, 2)
     size = f.tell()
     f.seek(0, 0)
     for i in xrange(0, size - 1):
         f.seek(i, 0)

 @with_open_mode("r")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def seek_forward_blockwise(f):
     """ seek forward 1000 units at a time """
     f.seek(0, 2)
     size = f.tell()
     f.seek(0, 0)
     for i in xrange(0, size - 1, 1000):
         f.seek(i, 0)

 @with_open_mode("rb")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_seek_bytewise(f):
     """ alternate read & seek one unit """
     f.seek(0)
     while f.read(1):
         f.seek(1, 1)

 @with_open_mode("rb")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_seek_blockwise(f):
     """ alternate read & seek 1000 units """
     f.seek(0)
     while f.read(1000):
         f.seek(1000, 1)


 @with_open_mode("w")
 @with_sizes("small")
 def write_bytewise(f, source):
     """ write one unit at a time """
     for i in xrange(0, len(source)):
         f.write(source[i:i+1])

 @with_open_mode("w")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def write_small_chunks(f, source):
     """ write 20 units at a time """
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 20):
         f.write(source[i:i+20])

 @with_open_mode("w")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def write_medium_chunks(f, source):
     """ write 4096 units at a time """
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 4096):
         f.write(source[i:i+4096])

 @with_open_mode("w")
 @with_sizes("large")
 def write_large_chunks(f, source):
     """ write 1e6 units at a time """
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 1000000):
         f.write(source[i:i+1000000])


 @with_open_mode("w+")
 @with_sizes("small")
 def modify_bytewise(f, source):
     """ modify one unit at a time """
     f.seek(0)
     for i in xrange(0, len(source)):
         f.write(source[i:i+1])

 @with_open_mode("w+")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def modify_small_chunks(f, source):
     """ modify 20 units at a time """
     f.seek(0)
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 20):
         f.write(source[i:i+20])

 @with_open_mode("w+")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def modify_medium_chunks(f, source):
     """ modify 4096 units at a time """
     f.seek(0)
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 4096):
         f.write(source[i:i+4096])

 @with_open_mode("wb+")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def modify_seek_forward_bytewise(f, source):
     """ alternate write & seek one unit """
     f.seek(0)
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2):
         f.write(source[i:i+1])
         f.seek(i+2)

 @with_open_mode("wb+")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def modify_seek_forward_blockwise(f, source):
     """ alternate write & seek 1000 units """
     f.seek(0)
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2000):
         f.write(source[i:i+1000])
         f.seek(i+2000)

 # XXX the 2 following tests don't work with py3k's text IO
 @with_open_mode("wb+")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_modify_bytewise(f, source):
     """ alternate read & write one unit """
     f.seek(0)
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2):
         f.read(1)
         f.write(source[i+1:i+2])

 @with_open_mode("wb+")
 @with_sizes("medium")
 def read_modify_blockwise(f, source):
     """ alternate read & write 1000 units """
     f.seek(0)
     for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2000):
         f.read(1000)
         f.write(source[i+1000:i+2000])


 read_tests = [
     read_bytewise, read_small_chunks, read_lines, read_big_chunks,
     None, read_whole_file, None,
     seek_forward_bytewise, seek_forward_blockwise,
     read_seek_bytewise, read_seek_blockwise,
 ]

 write_tests = [
     write_bytewise, write_small_chunks, write_medium_chunks, write_large_chunks,
 ]

 modify_tests = [
     modify_bytewise, modify_small_chunks, modify_medium_chunks,
     None,
     modify_seek_forward_bytewise, modify_seek_forward_blockwise,
     read_modify_bytewise, read_modify_blockwise,
 ]

 def run_during(duration, func):
     _t = time.time
     n = 0
     start = os.times()
     start_timestamp = _t()
     real_start = start[4] or start_timestamp
     while True:
         func()
         n += 1
         if _t() - start_timestamp > duration:
             break
     end = os.times()
     real = (end[4] if start[4] else time.time()) - real_start
     return n, real, sum(end[0:2]) - sum(start[0:2])

 def warm_cache(filename):
     with open(filename, "rb") as f:
         f.read()


 def run_all_tests(options):
     def print_label(filename, func):
         name = re.split(r'[-.]', filename)[0]
         out.write(
             ("[%s] %s... "
                 % (name.center(7), func.__doc__.strip())
             ).ljust(52))
         out.flush()

     def print_results(size, n, real, cpu):
         bw = n * float(size) / 1024 ** 2 / real
         bw = ("%4d MB/s" if bw > 100 else "%.3g MB/s") % bw
         out.write(bw.rjust(12) + "\n")
         if cpu < 0.90 * real:
             out.write("   warning: test above used only %d%% CPU, "
                 "result may be flawed!\n" % (100.0 * cpu / real))

     def run_one_test(name, size, open_func, test_func, *args):
         mode = test_func.file_open_mode
         print_label(name, test_func)
         if "w" not in mode or "+" in mode:
             warm_cache(name)
         with open_func(name) as f:
             n, real, cpu = run_during(1.5, lambda: test_func(f, *args))
         print_results(size, n, real, cpu)

     def run_test_family(tests, mode_filter, files, open_func, *make_args):
         for test_func in tests:
             if test_func is None:
                 out.write("\n")
                 continue
             if mode_filter in test_func.file_open_mode:
                 continue
             for s in test_func.file_sizes:
                 name, size = files[size_names[s]]
                 #name += file_ext
                 args = tuple(f(name, size) for f in make_args)
                 run_one_test(name, size,
                     open_func, test_func, *args)

     size_names = {
         "small": 0,
         "medium": 1,
         "large": 2,
     }

     print("Python %s" % sys.version)
     if sys.version_info < (3, 3):
         if sys.maxunicode > 0xffff:
             text = "UCS-4 (wide build)"
         else:
             text = "UTF-16 (narrow build)"
     else:
         text = "PEP 393"
     print("Unicode: %s" % text)
     print(platform.platform())
     binary_files = list(get_binary_files())
     text_files = list(get_text_files())
     if "b" in options:
         print("Binary unit = one byte")
     if "t" in options:
         print("Text unit = one character (%s-decoded)" % TEXT_ENCODING)

     # Binary reads
     if "b" in options and "r" in options:
         print("\n** Binary input **\n")
         run_test_family(read_tests, "t", binary_files, lambda fn: open(fn, "rb"))

     # Text reads
     if "t" in options and "r" in options:
         print("\n** Text input **\n")
         run_test_family(read_tests, "b", text_files, lambda fn: text_open(fn, "r"))

     # Binary writes
     if "b" in options and "w" in options:
         print("\n** Binary append **\n")
         def make_test_source(name, size):
             with open(name, "rb") as f:
                 return f.read()
         run_test_family(write_tests, "t", binary_files,
             lambda fn: open(os.devnull, "wb"), make_test_source)

     # Text writes
     if "t" in options and "w" in options:
         print("\n** Text append **\n")
         def make_test_source(name, size):
             with text_open(name, "r") as f:
                 return f.read()
         run_test_family(write_tests, "b", text_files,
             lambda fn: text_open(os.devnull, "w"), make_test_source)

     # Binary overwrites
     if "b" in options and "w" in options:
         print("\n** Binary overwrite **\n")
         def make_test_source(name, size):
             with open(name, "rb") as f:
                 return f.read()
         run_test_family(modify_tests, "t", binary_files,
             lambda fn: open(fn, "r+b"), make_test_source)

     # Text overwrites
     if "t" in options and "w" in options:
         print("\n** Text overwrite **\n")
         def make_test_source(name, size):
             with text_open(name, "r") as f:
                 return f.read()
         run_test_family(modify_tests, "b", text_files,
             lambda fn: text_open(fn, "r+"), make_test_source)


 def prepare_files():
     print("Preparing files...")
     # Binary files
     for name, size in get_binary_files():
         if os.path.isfile(name) and os.path.getsize(name) == size:
             continue
         with open(name, "wb") as f:
             f.write(os.urandom(size))
     # Text files
     chunk = []
     with text_open(__file__, "r", encoding='utf8') as f:
         for line in f:
             if line.startswith("# <iobench text chunk marker>"):
                 break
         else:
             raise RuntimeError(
                 "Couldn't find chunk marker in %s !" % __file__)
         if NEWLINES == "all":
             it = itertools.cycle(["\n", "\r", "\r\n"])
         else:
             it = itertools.repeat(
                 {"cr": "\r", "lf": "\n", "crlf": "\r\n"}[NEWLINES])
         chunk = "".join(line.replace("\n", next(it)) for line in f)
         if isinstance(chunk, bytes):
             chunk = chunk.decode('utf8')
         chunk = chunk.encode(TEXT_ENCODING)
     for name, size in get_text_files():
         if os.path.isfile(name) and os.path.getsize(name) == size:
             continue
         head = chunk * (size // len(chunk))
         tail = chunk[:size % len(chunk)]
         # Adjust tail to end on a character boundary
         while True:
             try:
                 tail.decode(TEXT_ENCODING)
                 break
             except UnicodeDecodeError:
                 tail = tail[:-1]
         with open(name, "wb") as f:
             f.write(head)
             f.write(tail)

 def main():
     global TEXT_ENCODING, NEWLINES

     usage = "usage: %prog [-h|--help] [options]"
     parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
     parser.add_option("-b", "--binary",
                       action="store_true", dest="binary", default=False,
                       help="run binary I/O tests")
     parser.add_option("-t", "--text",
                       action="store_true", dest="text", default=False,
                       help="run text I/O tests")
     parser.add_option("-r", "--read",
                       action="store_true", dest="read", default=False,
                       help="run read tests")
     parser.add_option("-w", "--write",
                       action="store_true", dest="write", default=False,
                       help="run write & modify tests")
     parser.add_option("-E", "--encoding",
                       action="store", dest="encoding", default=None,
                       help="encoding for text tests (default: %s)" % TEXT_ENCODING)
     parser.add_option("-N", "--newlines",
                       action="store", dest="newlines", default='lf',
                       help="line endings for text tests "
                            "(one of: {lf (default), cr, crlf, all})")
     parser.add_option("-m", "--io-module",
                       action="store", dest="io_module", default=None,
                       help="io module to test (default: builtin open())")
     options, args = parser.parse_args()
     if args:
         parser.error("unexpected arguments")
     NEWLINES = options.newlines.lower()
     if NEWLINES not in ('lf', 'cr', 'crlf', 'all'):
         parser.error("invalid 'newlines' option: %r" % NEWLINES)

     test_options = ""
     if options.read:
         test_options += "r"
     if options.write:
         test_options += "w"
     elif not options.read:
         test_options += "rw"
     if options.text:
         test_options += "t"
     if options.binary:
         test_options += "b"
     elif not options.text:
         test_options += "tb"

     if options.encoding:
         TEXT_ENCODING = options.encoding

     if options.io_module:
         globals()['open'] = __import__(options.io_module, {}, {}, ['open']).open

     prepare_files()
     run_all_tests(test_options)

 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()


 # -- This part to exercise text reading. Don't change anything! --
 # <iobench text chunk marker>

 """
 1.
 Gáttir allar,
 áðr gangi fram,
 um skoðask skyli,
 um skyggnast skyli,
 því at óvíst er at vita,
 hvar óvinir
 sitja á fleti fyrir.

 2.
 Gefendr heilir!
 Gestr er inn kominn,
 hvar skal sitja sjá?
 Mjök er bráðr,
 sá er á bröndum skal
 síns of freista frama.

 3.
 Elds er þörf,
 þeims inn er kominn
 ok á kné kalinn;
 matar ok váða
 er manni þörf,
 þeim er hefr um fjall farit.

 4.
 Vatns er þörf,
 þeim er til verðar kemr,
 þerru ok þjóðlaðar,
 góðs of æðis,
 ef sér geta mætti,
 orðs ok endrþögu.

 5.
 Vits er þörf,
 þeim er víða ratar;
 dælt er heima hvat;
 at augabragði verðr,
 sá er ekki kann
 ok með snotrum sitr.

 6.
 At hyggjandi sinni
 skyli-t maðr hræsinn vera,
 heldr gætinn at geði;
 þá er horskr ok þögull
 kemr heimisgarða til,
 sjaldan verðr víti vörum,
 því at óbrigðra vin
 fær maðr aldregi
 en mannvit mikit.

 7.
 Inn vari gestr,
 er til verðar kemr,
 þunnu hljóði þegir,
 eyrum hlýðir,
 en augum skoðar;
 svá nýsisk fróðra hverr fyrir.

 8.
 Hinn er sæll,
 er sér of getr
 lof ok líknstafi;
 ódælla er við þat,
 er maðr eiga skal
 annars brjóstum í.
 """

 """
 C'est revenir tard, je le sens, sur un sujet trop rebattu et déjà presque oublié. Mon état, qui ne me permet plus aucun travail suivi, mon aversion pour le genre polémique, ont causé ma lenteur à écrire et ma répugnance à publier. J'aurais même tout à fait supprimé ces Lettres, ou plutôt je lie les aurais point écrites, s'il n'eût été question que de moi : Mais ma patrie ne m'est pas tellement devenue étrangère que je puisse voir tranquillement opprimer ses citoyens, surtout lorsqu'ils n'ont compromis leurs droits qu'en défendant ma cause. Je serais le dernier des hommes si dans une telle occasion j'écoutais un sentiment qui n'est plus ni douceur ni patience, mais faiblesse et lâcheté, dans celui qu'il empêche de remplir son devoir.
 Rien de moins important pour le public, j'en conviens, que la matière de ces lettres. La constitution d'une petite République, le sort d'un petit particulier, l'exposé de quelques injustices, la réfutation de quelques sophismes ; tout cela n'a rien en soi d'assez considérable pour mériter beaucoup de lecteurs : mais si mes sujets sont petits mes objets sont grands, et dignes de l'attention de tout honnête homme. Laissons Genève à sa place, et Rousseau dans sa dépression ; mais la religion, mais la liberté, la justice ! voilà, qui que vous soyez, ce qui n'est pas au-dessous de vous.
 Qu'on ne cherche pas même ici dans le style le dédommagement de l'aridité de la matière. Ceux que quelques traits heureux de ma plume ont si fort irrités trouveront de quoi s'apaiser dans ces lettres, L'honneur de défendre un opprimé eût enflammé mon coeur si j'avais parlé pour un autre. Réduit au triste emploi de me défendre moi-même, j'ai dû me borner à raisonner ; m'échauffer eût été m'avilir. J'aurai donc trouvé grâce en ce point devant ceux qui s'imaginent qu'il est essentiel à la vérité d'être dite froidement ; opinion que pourtant j'ai peine à comprendre. Lorsqu'une vive persuasion nous anime, le moyen d'employer un langage glacé ? Quand Archimède tout transporté courait nu dans les rues de Syracuse, en avait-il moins trouvé la vérité parce qu'il se passionnait pour elle ? Tout au contraire, celui qui la sent ne peut s'abstenir de l'adorer ; celui qui demeure froid ne l'a pas vue.
 Quoi qu'il en soit, je prie les lecteurs de vouloir bien mettre à part mon beau style, et d'examiner seulement si je raisonne bien ou mal ; car enfin, de cela seul qu'un auteur s'exprime en bons termes, je ne vois pas comment il peut s'ensuivre que cet auteur ne sait ce qu'il dit.
 """
	# -- coding: utf-8 --
	# This file should be kept compatible with both Python 2.6 and Python >= 3.0.

	import itertools
	import os
	import platform
	import re
	import sys
	import time
	from optparse import OptionParser

	out = sys.stdout

	TEXT_ENCODING = 'utf8'
	NEWLINES = 'lf'

	# Compatibility
	try:
	xrange
	except NameError:
	xrange = range

	def text_open(fn, mode, encoding=None):
	try:
	return open(fn, mode, encoding=encoding or TEXT_ENCODING)
	except TypeError:
	if 'r' in mode:
	mode += 'U' # 'U' mode is needed only in Python 2.x
	return open(fn, mode)

	def get_file_sizes():
	for s in ['20 KB', '400 KB', '10 MB']:
	size, unit = s.split()
	size = int(size) * {'KB': 1024, 'MB': 1024 ** 2}[unit]
	yield s.replace(' ', ''), size

	def get_binary_files():
	return ((name + ".bin", size) for name, size in get_file_sizes())

	def get_text_files():
	return (("%s-%s-%s.txt" % (name, TEXT_ENCODING, NEWLINES), size)
	for name, size in get_file_sizes())

	def with_open_mode(mode):
	def decorate(f):
	f.file_open_mode = mode
	return f
	return decorate

	def with_sizes(*sizes):
	def decorate(f):
	f.file_sizes = sizes
	return f
	return decorate


	# Here begin the tests

	@with_open_mode("r")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_bytewise(f):
	""" read one unit at a time """
	f.seek(0)
	while f.read(1):
	pass

	@with_open_mode("r")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_small_chunks(f):
	""" read 20 units at a time """
	f.seek(0)
	while f.read(20):
	pass

	@with_open_mode("r")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_big_chunks(f):
	""" read 4096 units at a time """
	f.seek(0)
	while f.read(4096):
	pass

	@with_open_mode("r")
	@with_sizes("small", "medium", "large")
	def read_whole_file(f):
	""" read whole contents at once """
	f.seek(0)
	while f.read():
	pass

	@with_open_mode("rt")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_lines(f):
	""" read one line at a time """
	f.seek(0)
	for line in f:
	pass

	@with_open_mode("r")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def seek_forward_bytewise(f):
	""" seek forward one unit at a time """
	f.seek(0, 2)
	size = f.tell()
	f.seek(0, 0)
	for i in xrange(0, size - 1):
	f.seek(i, 0)

	@with_open_mode("r")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def seek_forward_blockwise(f):
	""" seek forward 1000 units at a time """
	f.seek(0, 2)
	size = f.tell()
	f.seek(0, 0)
	for i in xrange(0, size - 1, 1000):
	f.seek(i, 0)

	@with_open_mode("rb")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_seek_bytewise(f):
	""" alternate read & seek one unit """
	f.seek(0)
	while f.read(1):
	f.seek(1, 1)

	@with_open_mode("rb")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_seek_blockwise(f):
	""" alternate read & seek 1000 units """
	f.seek(0)
	while f.read(1000):
	f.seek(1000, 1)


	@with_open_mode("w")
	@with_sizes("small")
	def write_bytewise(f, source):
	""" write one unit at a time """
	for i in xrange(0, len(source)):
	f.write(source[i:i+1])

	@with_open_mode("w")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def write_small_chunks(f, source):
	""" write 20 units at a time """
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 20):
	f.write(source[i:i+20])

	@with_open_mode("w")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def write_medium_chunks(f, source):
	""" write 4096 units at a time """
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 4096):
	f.write(source[i:i+4096])

	@with_open_mode("w")
	@with_sizes("large")
	def write_large_chunks(f, source):
	""" write 1e6 units at a time """
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 1000000):
	f.write(source[i:i+1000000])


	@with_open_mode("w+")
	@with_sizes("small")
	def modify_bytewise(f, source):
	""" modify one unit at a time """
	f.seek(0)
	for i in xrange(0, len(source)):
	f.write(source[i:i+1])

	@with_open_mode("w+")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def modify_small_chunks(f, source):
	""" modify 20 units at a time """
	f.seek(0)
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 20):
	f.write(source[i:i+20])

	@with_open_mode("w+")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def modify_medium_chunks(f, source):
	""" modify 4096 units at a time """
	f.seek(0)
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 4096):
	f.write(source[i:i+4096])

	@with_open_mode("wb+")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def modify_seek_forward_bytewise(f, source):
	""" alternate write & seek one unit """
	f.seek(0)
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2):
	f.write(source[i:i+1])
	f.seek(i+2)

	@with_open_mode("wb+")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def modify_seek_forward_blockwise(f, source):
	""" alternate write & seek 1000 units """
	f.seek(0)
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2000):
	f.write(source[i:i+1000])
	f.seek(i+2000)

	# XXX the 2 following tests don't work with py3k's text IO
	@with_open_mode("wb+")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_modify_bytewise(f, source):
	""" alternate read & write one unit """
	f.seek(0)
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2):
	f.read(1)
	f.write(source[i+1:i+2])

	@with_open_mode("wb+")
	@with_sizes("medium")
	def read_modify_blockwise(f, source):
	""" alternate read & write 1000 units """
	f.seek(0)
	for i in xrange(0, len(source), 2000):
	f.read(1000)
	f.write(source[i+1000:i+2000])


	read_tests = [
	read_bytewise, read_small_chunks, read_lines, read_big_chunks,
	None, read_whole_file, None,
	seek_forward_bytewise, seek_forward_blockwise,
	read_seek_bytewise, read_seek_blockwise,
	]

	write_tests = [
	write_bytewise, write_small_chunks, write_medium_chunks, write_large_chunks,
	]

	modify_tests = [
	modify_bytewise, modify_small_chunks, modify_medium_chunks,
	None,
	modify_seek_forward_bytewise, modify_seek_forward_blockwise,
	read_modify_bytewise, read_modify_blockwise,
	]

	def run_during(duration, func):
	_t = time.time
	n = 0
	start = os.times()
	start_timestamp = _t()
	real_start = start[4] or start_timestamp
	while True:
	func()
	n += 1
	if _t() - start_timestamp > duration:
	break
	end = os.times()
	real = (end[4] if start[4] else time.time()) - real_start
	return n, real, sum(end[0:2]) - sum(start[0:2])

	def warm_cache(filename):
	with open(filename, "rb") as f:
	f.read()


	def run_all_tests(options):
	def print_label(filename, func):
	name = re.split(r'[-.]', filename)[0]
	out.write(
	("[%s] %s... "
	% (name.center(7), func.__doc__.strip())
	).ljust(52))
	out.flush()

	def print_results(size, n, real, cpu):
	bw = n * float(size) / 1024 ** 2 / real
	bw = ("%4d MB/s" if bw > 100 else "%.3g MB/s") % bw
	out.write(bw.rjust(12) + "\n")
	if cpu < 0.90 * real:
	out.write(" warning: test above used only %d%% CPU, "
	"result may be flawed!\n" % (100.0 * cpu / real))

	def run_one_test(name, size, open_func, test_func, *args):
	mode = test_func.file_open_mode
	print_label(name, test_func)
	if "w" not in mode or "+" in mode:
	warm_cache(name)
	with open_func(name) as f:
	n, real, cpu = run_during(1.5, lambda: test_func(f, *args))
	print_results(size, n, real, cpu)

	def run_test_family(tests, mode_filter, files, open_func, *make_args):
	for test_func in tests:
	if test_func is None:
	out.write("\n")
	continue
	if mode_filter in test_func.file_open_mode:
	continue
	for s in test_func.file_sizes:
	name, size = files[size_names[s]]
	#name += file_ext
	args = tuple(f(name, size) for f in make_args)
	run_one_test(name, size,
	open_func, test_func, *args)

	size_names = {
	"small": 0,
	"medium": 1,
	"large": 2,
	}

	print("Python %s" % sys.version)
	if sys.version_info < (3, 3):
	if sys.maxunicode > 0xffff:
	text = "UCS-4 (wide build)"
	else:
	text = "UTF-16 (narrow build)"
	else:
	text = "PEP 393"
	print("Unicode: %s" % text)
	print(platform.platform())
	binary_files = list(get_binary_files())
	text_files = list(get_text_files())
	if "b" in options:
	print("Binary unit = one byte")
	if "t" in options:
	print("Text unit = one character (%s-decoded)" % TEXT_ENCODING)

	# Binary reads
	if "b" in options and "r" in options:
	print("\n Binary input \n")
	run_test_family(read_tests, "t", binary_files, lambda fn: open(fn, "rb"))

	# Text reads
	if "t" in options and "r" in options:
	print("\n Text input \n")
	run_test_family(read_tests, "b", text_files, lambda fn: text_open(fn, "r"))

	# Binary writes
	if "b" in options and "w" in options:
	print("\n Binary append \n")
	def make_test_source(name, size):
	with open(name, "rb") as f:
	return f.read()
	run_test_family(write_tests, "t", binary_files,
	lambda fn: open(os.devnull, "wb"), make_test_source)

	# Text writes
	if "t" in options and "w" in options:
	print("\n Text append \n")
	def make_test_source(name, size):
	with text_open(name, "r") as f:
	return f.read()
	run_test_family(write_tests, "b", text_files,
	lambda fn: text_open(os.devnull, "w"), make_test_source)

	# Binary overwrites
	if "b" in options and "w" in options:
	print("\n Binary overwrite \n")
	def make_test_source(name, size):
	with open(name, "rb") as f:
	return f.read()
	run_test_family(modify_tests, "t", binary_files,
	lambda fn: open(fn, "r+b"), make_test_source)

	# Text overwrites
	if "t" in options and "w" in options:
	print("\n Text overwrite \n")
	def make_test_source(name, size):
	with text_open(name, "r") as f:
	return f.read()
	run_test_family(modify_tests, "b", text_files,
	lambda fn: text_open(fn, "r+"), make_test_source)


	def prepare_files():
	print("Preparing files...")
	# Binary files
	for name, size in get_binary_files():
	if os.path.isfile(name) and os.path.getsize(name) == size:
	continue
	with open(name, "wb") as f:
	f.write(os.urandom(size))
	# Text files
	chunk = []
	with text_open(__file__, "r", encoding='utf8') as f:
	for line in f:
	if line.startswith("# <iobench text chunk marker>"):
	break
	else:
	raise RuntimeError(
	"Couldn't find chunk marker in %s !" % __file__)
	if NEWLINES == "all":
	it = itertools.cycle(["\n", "\r", "\r\n"])
	else:
	it = itertools.repeat(
	{"cr": "\r", "lf": "\n", "crlf": "\r\n"}[NEWLINES])
	chunk = "".join(line.replace("\n", next(it)) for line in f)
	if isinstance(chunk, bytes):
	chunk = chunk.decode('utf8')
	chunk = chunk.encode(TEXT_ENCODING)
	for name, size in get_text_files():
	if os.path.isfile(name) and os.path.getsize(name) == size:
	continue
	head = chunk * (size // len(chunk))
	tail = chunk[:size % len(chunk)]
	# Adjust tail to end on a character boundary
	while True:
	try:
	tail.decode(TEXT_ENCODING)
	break
	except UnicodeDecodeError:
	tail = tail[:-1]
	with open(name, "wb") as f:
	f.write(head)
	f.write(tail)

	def main():
	global TEXT_ENCODING, NEWLINES

	usage = "usage: %prog [-h\|--help] [options]"
	parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
	parser.add_option("-b", "--binary",
	action="store_true", dest="binary", default=False,
	help="run binary I/O tests")
	parser.add_option("-t", "--text",
	action="store_true", dest="text", default=False,
	help="run text I/O tests")
	parser.add_option("-r", "--read",
	action="store_true", dest="read", default=False,
	help="run read tests")
	parser.add_option("-w", "--write",
	action="store_true", dest="write", default=False,
	help="run write & modify tests")
	parser.add_option("-E", "--encoding",
	action="store", dest="encoding", default=None,
	help="encoding for text tests (default: %s)" % TEXT_ENCODING)
	parser.add_option("-N", "--newlines",
	action="store", dest="newlines", default='lf',
	help="line endings for text tests "
	"(one of: {lf (default), cr, crlf, all})")
	parser.add_option("-m", "--io-module",
	action="store", dest="io_module", default=None,
	help="io module to test (default: builtin open())")
	options, args = parser.parse_args()
	if args:
	parser.error("unexpected arguments")
	NEWLINES = options.newlines.lower()
	if NEWLINES not in ('lf', 'cr', 'crlf', 'all'):
	parser.error("invalid 'newlines' option: %r" % NEWLINES)

	test_options = ""
	if options.read:
	test_options += "r"
	if options.write:
	test_options += "w"
	elif not options.read:
	test_options += "rw"
	if options.text:
	test_options += "t"
	if options.binary:
	test_options += "b"
	elif not options.text:
	test_options += "tb"

	if options.encoding:
	TEXT_ENCODING = options.encoding

	if options.io_module:
	globals()['open'] = __import__(options.io_module, {}, {}, ['open']).open

	prepare_files()
	run_all_tests(test_options)

	if __name__ == "__main__":
	main()


	# -- This part to exercise text reading. Don't change anything! --
	# <iobench text chunk marker>

	"""
	1.
	Gáttir allar,
	áðr gangi fram,
	um skoðask skyli,
	um skyggnast skyli,
	því at óvíst er at vita,
	hvar óvinir
	sitja á fleti fyrir.

	2.
	Gefendr heilir!
	Gestr er inn kominn,
	hvar skal sitja sjá?
	Mjök er bráðr,
	sá er á bröndum skal
	síns of freista frama.

	3.
	Elds er þörf,
	þeims inn er kominn
	ok á kné kalinn;
	matar ok váða
	er manni þörf,
	þeim er hefr um fjall farit.

	4.
	Vatns er þörf,
	þeim er til verðar kemr,
	þerru ok þjóðlaðar,
	góðs of æðis,
	ef sér geta mætti,
	orðs ok endrþögu.

	5.
	Vits er þörf,
	þeim er víða ratar;
	dælt er heima hvat;
	at augabragði verðr,
	sá er ekki kann
	ok með snotrum sitr.

	6.
	At hyggjandi sinni
	skyli-t maðr hræsinn vera,
	heldr gætinn at geði;
	þá er horskr ok þögull
	kemr heimisgarða til,
	sjaldan verðr víti vörum,
	því at óbrigðra vin
	fær maðr aldregi
	en mannvit mikit.

	7.
	Inn vari gestr,
	er til verðar kemr,
	þunnu hljóði þegir,
	eyrum hlýðir,
	en augum skoðar;
	svá nýsisk fróðra hverr fyrir.

	8.
	Hinn er sæll,
	er sér of getr
	lof ok líknstafi;
	ódælla er við þat,
	er maðr eiga skal
	annars brjóstum í.
	"""

	"""
	C'est revenir tard, je le sens, sur un sujet trop rebattu et déjà presque oublié. Mon état, qui ne me permet plus aucun travail suivi, mon aversion pour le genre polémique, ont causé ma lenteur à écrire et ma répugnance à publier. J'aurais même tout à fait supprimé ces Lettres, ou plutôt je lie les aurais point écrites, s'il n'eût été question que de moi : Mais ma patrie ne m'est pas tellement devenue étrangère que je puisse voir tranquillement opprimer ses citoyens, surtout lorsqu'ils n'ont compromis leurs droits qu'en défendant ma cause. Je serais le dernier des hommes si dans une telle occasion j'écoutais un sentiment qui n'est plus ni douceur ni patience, mais faiblesse et lâcheté, dans celui qu'il empêche de remplir son devoir.
	Rien de moins important pour le public, j'en conviens, que la matière de ces lettres. La constitution d'une petite République, le sort d'un petit particulier, l'exposé de quelques injustices, la réfutation de quelques sophismes ; tout cela n'a rien en soi d'assez considérable pour mériter beaucoup de lecteurs : mais si mes sujets sont petits mes objets sont grands, et dignes de l'attention de tout honnête homme. Laissons Genève à sa place, et Rousseau dans sa dépression ; mais la religion, mais la liberté, la justice ! voilà, qui que vous soyez, ce qui n'est pas au-dessous de vous.
	Qu'on ne cherche pas même ici dans le style le dédommagement de l'aridité de la matière. Ceux que quelques traits heureux de ma plume ont si fort irrités trouveront de quoi s'apaiser dans ces lettres, L'honneur de défendre un opprimé eût enflammé mon coeur si j'avais parlé pour un autre. Réduit au triste emploi de me défendre moi-même, j'ai dû me borner à raisonner ; m'échauffer eût été m'avilir. J'aurai donc trouvé grâce en ce point devant ceux qui s'imaginent qu'il est essentiel à la vérité d'être dite froidement ; opinion que pourtant j'ai peine à comprendre. Lorsqu'une vive persuasion nous anime, le moyen d'employer un langage glacé ? Quand Archimède tout transporté courait nu dans les rues de Syracuse, en avait-il moins trouvé la vérité parce qu'il se passionnait pour elle ? Tout au contraire, celui qui la sent ne peut s'abstenir de l'adorer ; celui qui demeure froid ne l'a pas vue.
	Quoi qu'il en soit, je prie les lecteurs de vouloir bien mettre à part mon beau style, et d'examiner seulement si je raisonne bien ou mal ; car enfin, de cela seul qu'un auteur s'exprime en bons termes, je ne vois pas comment il peut s'ensuivre que cet auteur ne sait ce qu'il dit.
	"""