Lib/ctypes/__init__.py

"""create and manipulate C data types in Python"""

import os as _os, sys as _sys
from itertools import chain as _chain

__version__ = "0.9.9.6"

from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
from _ctypes import _Pointer
from _ctypes import CFuncPtr as _CFuncPtr
from _ctypes import __version__ as _ctypes_version
from _ctypes import RTLD_LOCAL, RTLD_GLOBAL
from _ctypes import ArgumentError

from struct import calcsize as _calcsize

if __version__ != _ctypes_version:
    raise Exception, ("Version number mismatch", __version__, _ctypes_version)

if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
    from _ctypes import FormatError

from _ctypes import FUNCFLAG_CDECL as _FUNCFLAG_CDECL, \
     FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI as _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI

"""
WINOLEAPI -> HRESULT
WINOLEAPI_(type)

STDMETHODCALLTYPE

STDMETHOD(name)
STDMETHOD_(type, name)

STDAPICALLTYPE
"""

def create_string_buffer(init, size=None):
    """create_string_buffer(aString) -> character array
    create_string_buffer(anInteger) -> character array
    create_string_buffer(aString, anInteger) -> character array
    """
    if isinstance(init, (str, unicode)):
        if size is None:
            size = len(init)+1
        buftype = c_char * size
        buf = buftype()
        buf.value = init
        return buf
    elif isinstance(init, (int, long)):
        buftype = c_char * init
        buf = buftype()
        return buf
    raise TypeError, init

def c_buffer(init, size=None):
##    "deprecated, use create_string_buffer instead"
##    import warnings
##    warnings.warn("c_buffer is deprecated, use create_string_buffer instead",
##                  DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
    return create_string_buffer(init, size)

_c_functype_cache = {}
def CFUNCTYPE(restype, *argtypes):
    """CFUNCTYPE(restype, *argtypes) -> function prototype.

    restype: the result type
    argtypes: a sequence specifying the argument types

    The function prototype can be called in three ways to create a
    callable object:

    prototype(integer address) -> foreign function
    prototype(callable) -> create and return a C callable function from callable
    prototype(integer index, method name[, paramflags]) -> foreign function calling a COM method
    prototype((ordinal number, dll object)[, paramflags]) -> foreign function exported by ordinal
    prototype((function name, dll object)[, paramflags]) -> foreign function exported by name
    """
    try:
        return _c_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes)]
    except KeyError:
        class CFunctionType(_CFuncPtr):
            _argtypes_ = argtypes
            _restype_ = restype
            _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL
        _c_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes)] = CFunctionType
        return CFunctionType

if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
    from _ctypes import LoadLibrary as _dlopen
    from _ctypes import FUNCFLAG_STDCALL as _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL
    if _os.name == "ce":
        # 'ce' doesn't have the stdcall calling convention
        _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL

    _win_functype_cache = {}
    def WINFUNCTYPE(restype, *argtypes):
        # docstring set later (very similar to CFUNCTYPE.__doc__)
        try:
            return _win_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes)]
        except KeyError:
            class WinFunctionType(_CFuncPtr):
                _argtypes_ = argtypes
                _restype_ = restype
                _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL
            _win_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes)] = WinFunctionType
            return WinFunctionType
    if WINFUNCTYPE.__doc__:
        WINFUNCTYPE.__doc__ = CFUNCTYPE.__doc__.replace("CFUNCTYPE", "WINFUNCTYPE")

elif _os.name == "posix":
    from _ctypes import dlopen as _dlopen

from _ctypes import sizeof, byref, addressof, alignment
from _ctypes import _SimpleCData

class py_object(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "O"

class c_short(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "h"

class c_ushort(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "H"

class c_long(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "l"

class c_ulong(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "L"

if _calcsize("i") == _calcsize("l"):
    # if int and long have the same size, make c_int an alias for c_long
    c_int = c_long
    c_uint = c_ulong
else:
    class c_int(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "i"

    class c_uint(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "I"

class c_float(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "f"

class c_double(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "d"

if _calcsize("l") == _calcsize("q"):
    # if long and long long have the same size, make c_longlong an alias for c_long
    c_longlong = c_long
    c_ulonglong = c_ulong
else:
    class c_longlong(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "q"

    class c_ulonglong(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "Q"
    ##    def from_param(cls, val):
    ##        return ('d', float(val), val)
    ##    from_param = classmethod(from_param)

class c_ubyte(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "B"
c_ubyte.__ctype_le__ = c_ubyte.__ctype_be__ = c_ubyte
# backward compatibility:
##c_uchar = c_ubyte

class c_byte(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "b"
c_byte.__ctype_le__ = c_byte.__ctype_be__ = c_byte

class c_char(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "c"
c_char.__ctype_le__ = c_char.__ctype_be__ = c_char

class c_char_p(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "z"

class c_void_p(_SimpleCData):
    _type_ = "P"
c_voidp = c_void_p # backwards compatibility (to a bug)

# This cache maps types to pointers to them.
_pointer_type_cache = {}

def POINTER(cls):
    try:
        return _pointer_type_cache[cls]
    except KeyError:
        pass
    if type(cls) is str:
        klass = type(_Pointer)("LP_%s" % cls,
                               (_Pointer,),
                               {})
        _pointer_type_cache[id(klass)] = klass
        return klass
    else:
        name = "LP_%s" % cls.__name__
        klass = type(_Pointer)(name,
                               (_Pointer,),
                               {'_type_': cls})
        _pointer_type_cache[cls] = klass
    return klass

try:
    from _ctypes import set_conversion_mode
except ImportError:
    pass
else:
    if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
        set_conversion_mode("mbcs", "ignore")
    else:
        set_conversion_mode("ascii", "strict")

    class c_wchar_p(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "Z"

    class c_wchar(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "u"

    POINTER(c_wchar).from_param = c_wchar_p.from_param #_SimpleCData.c_wchar_p_from_param

    def create_unicode_buffer(init, size=None):
        """create_unicode_buffer(aString) -> character array
        create_unicode_buffer(anInteger) -> character array
        create_unicode_buffer(aString, anInteger) -> character array
        """
        if isinstance(init, (str, unicode)):
            if size is None:
                size = len(init)+1
            buftype = c_wchar * size
            buf = buftype()
            buf.value = init
            return buf
        elif isinstance(init, (int, long)):
            buftype = c_wchar * init
            buf = buftype()
            return buf
        raise TypeError, init

POINTER(c_char).from_param = c_char_p.from_param #_SimpleCData.c_char_p_from_param

# XXX Deprecated
def SetPointerType(pointer, cls):
    if _pointer_type_cache.get(cls, None) is not None:
        raise RuntimeError, \
              "This type already exists in the cache"
    if not _pointer_type_cache.has_key(id(pointer)):
        raise RuntimeError, \
              "What's this???"
    pointer.set_type(cls)
    _pointer_type_cache[cls] = pointer
    del _pointer_type_cache[id(pointer)]


def pointer(inst):
    return POINTER(type(inst))(inst)

# XXX Deprecated
def ARRAY(typ, len):
    return typ * len

################################################################


class CDLL(object):
    """An instance of this class represents a loaded dll/shared
    library, exporting functions using the standard C calling
    convention (named 'cdecl' on Windows).

    The exported functions can be accessed as attributes, or by
    indexing with the function name.  Examples:

    <obj>.qsort -> callable object
    <obj>['qsort'] -> callable object

    Calling the functions releases the Python GIL during the call and
    reaquires it afterwards.
    """
    class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
        _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL
        _restype_ = c_int # default, can be overridden in instances

    def __init__(self, name, mode=RTLD_LOCAL, handle=None):
        self._name = name
        if handle is None:
            self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
        else:
            self._handle = handle

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s '%s', handle %x at %x>" % \
               (self.__class__.__name__, self._name,
                (self._handle & (_sys.maxint*2 + 1)),
                id(self))

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'):
            raise AttributeError, name
        return self.__getitem__(name)

    def __getitem__(self, name_or_ordinal):
        func = self._FuncPtr((name_or_ordinal, self))
        if not isinstance(name_or_ordinal, (int, long)):
            func.__name__ = name_or_ordinal
            setattr(self, name_or_ordinal, func)
        return func

class PyDLL(CDLL):
    """This class represents the Python library itself.  It allows to
    access Python API functions.  The GIL is not released, and
    Python exceptions are handled correctly.
    """
    class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
        _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL | _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI
        _restype_ = c_int # default, can be overridden in instances

if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):

    class WinDLL(CDLL):
        """This class represents a dll exporting functions using the
        Windows stdcall calling convention.
        """
        class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
            _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL
            _restype_ = c_int # default, can be overridden in instances

    # XXX Hm, what about HRESULT as normal parameter?
    # Mustn't it derive from c_long then?
    from _ctypes import _check_HRESULT, _SimpleCData
    class HRESULT(_SimpleCData):
        _type_ = "l"
        # _check_retval_ is called with the function's result when it
        # is used as restype.  It checks for the FAILED bit, and
        # raises a WindowsError if it is set.
        #
        # The _check_retval_ method is implemented in C, so that the
        # method definition itself is not included in the traceback
        # when it raises an error - that is what we want (and Python
        # doesn't have a way to raise an exception in the caller's
        # frame).
        _check_retval_ = _check_HRESULT

    class OleDLL(CDLL):
        """This class represents a dll exporting functions using the
        Windows stdcall calling convention, and returning HRESULT.
        HRESULT error values are automatically raised as WindowsError
        exceptions.
        """
        class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr):
            _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL
            _restype_ = HRESULT

class LibraryLoader(object):
    def __init__(self, dlltype):
        self._dlltype = dlltype

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        if name[0] == '_':
            raise AttributeError(name)
        dll = self._dlltype(name)
        setattr(self, name, dll)
        return dll

    def __getitem__(self, name):
        return getattr(self, name)

    def LoadLibrary(self, name):
        return self._dlltype(name)

cdll = LibraryLoader(CDLL)
pydll = LibraryLoader(PyDLL)

if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
    pythonapi = PyDLL("python dll", None, _sys.dllhandle)
elif _sys.platform == "cygwin":
    pythonapi = PyDLL("libpython%d.%d.dll" % _sys.version_info[:2])
else:
    pythonapi = PyDLL(None)


if _os.name in ("nt", "ce"):
    windll = LibraryLoader(WinDLL)
    oledll = LibraryLoader(OleDLL)

    if _os.name == "nt":
        GetLastError = windll.kernel32.GetLastError
    else:
        GetLastError = windll.coredll.GetLastError

    def WinError(code=None, descr=None):
        if code is None:
            code = GetLastError()
        if descr is None:
            descr = FormatError(code).strip()
        return WindowsError(code, descr)

_pointer_type_cache[None] = c_void_p

if sizeof(c_uint) == sizeof(c_void_p):
    c_size_t = c_uint
elif sizeof(c_ulong) == sizeof(c_void_p):
    c_size_t = c_ulong

# functions

from _ctypes import _memmove_addr, _memset_addr, _string_at_addr, _cast_addr

## void *memmove(void *, const void *, size_t);
memmove = CFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p, c_void_p, c_size_t)(_memmove_addr)

## void *memset(void *, int, size_t)
memset = CFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p, c_int, c_size_t)(_memset_addr)

def PYFUNCTYPE(restype, *argtypes):
    class CFunctionType(_CFuncPtr):
        _argtypes_ = argtypes
        _restype_ = restype
        _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL | _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI
    return CFunctionType
_cast = PYFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, py_object)(_cast_addr)

def cast(obj, typ):
    result = _cast(obj, typ)
    result.__keepref = obj
    return result

_string_at = CFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, c_int)(_string_at_addr)
def string_at(ptr, size=0):
    """string_at(addr[, size]) -> string

    Return the string at addr."""
    return _string_at(ptr, size)

try:
    from _ctypes import _wstring_at_addr
except ImportError:
    pass
else:
    _wstring_at = CFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, c_int)(_wstring_at_addr)
    def wstring_at(ptr, size=0):
        """wstring_at(addr[, size]) -> string

        Return the string at addr."""
        return _wstring_at(ptr, size)


if _os.name == "nt": # COM stuff
    def DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv):
        # First ask ctypes.com.server than comtypes.server for the
        # class object.

        # trick py2exe by doing dynamic imports
        result = -2147221231 # CLASS_E_CLASSNOTAVAILABLE
        try:
            ctcom = __import__("ctypes.com.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            result = ctcom.DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv)

        if result == -2147221231: # CLASS_E_CLASSNOTAVAILABLE
            try:
                ccom = __import__("comtypes.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
            except ImportError:
                pass
            else:
                result = ccom.DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv)

        return result

    def DllCanUnloadNow():
        # First ask ctypes.com.server than comtypes.server if we can unload or not.
        # trick py2exe by doing dynamic imports
        result = 0 # S_OK
        try:
            ctcom = __import__("ctypes.com.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            result = ctcom.DllCanUnloadNow()
            if result != 0: # != S_OK
                return result

        try:
            ccom = __import__("comtypes.server", globals(), locals(), ['*'])
        except ImportError:
            return result
        try:
            return ccom.DllCanUnloadNow()
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        return result

from ctypes._endian import BigEndianStructure, LittleEndianStructure

# Fill in specifically-sized types
c_int8 = c_byte
c_uint8 = c_ubyte
for kind in [c_short, c_int, c_long, c_longlong]:
    if sizeof(kind) == 2: c_int16 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 4: c_int32 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 8: c_int64 = kind
for kind in [c_ushort, c_uint, c_ulong, c_ulonglong]:
    if sizeof(kind) == 2: c_uint16 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 4: c_uint32 = kind
    elif sizeof(kind) == 8: c_uint64 = kind
del(kind)