Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | :mod:`importlib` -- An implementation of :keyword:`import` |
| 2 | ========================================================== |
| 3 | |
| 4 | .. module:: importlib |
| 5 | :synopsis: An implementation of the import machinery. |
| 6 | |
| 7 | .. moduleauthor:: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org> |
| 8 | .. sectionauthor:: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org> |
| 9 | |
| 10 | .. versionadded:: 3.1 |
| 11 | |
| 12 | |
| 13 | Introduction |
| 14 | ------------ |
| 15 | |
| 16 | The purpose of the :mod:`importlib` package is two-fold. One is to provide an |
| 17 | implementation of the :keyword:`import` statement (and thus, by extension, the |
| 18 | :func:`__import__` function) in Python source code. This provides an |
Tarek Ziadé | 434caaa | 2009-05-14 12:48:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 19 | implementation of :keyword:`import` which is portable to any Python |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 20 | interpreter. This also provides a reference implementation which is easier to |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 21 | comprehend than one implemented in a programming language other than Python. |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 22 | |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 23 | Two, the components to implement :keyword:`import` are exposed in this |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 24 | package, making it easier for users to create their own custom objects (known |
Brett Cannon | debb98d | 2009-02-16 04:18:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | generically as an :term:`importer`) to participate in the import process. |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 26 | Details on custom importers can be found in :pep:`302`. |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 27 | |
| 28 | .. seealso:: |
| 29 | |
| 30 | :ref:`import` |
| 31 | The language reference for the :keyword:`import` statement. |
| 32 | |
| 33 | `Packages specification <http://www.python.org/doc/essays/packages.html>`__ |
| 34 | Original specification of packages. Some semantics have changed since |
Georg Brandl | 375aec2 | 2011-01-15 17:03:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 35 | the writing of this document (e.g. redirecting based on ``None`` |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 36 | in :data:`sys.modules`). |
| 37 | |
| 38 | The :func:`.__import__` function |
Brett Cannon | 0e13c94 | 2010-06-29 18:26:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 39 | The :keyword:`import` statement is syntactic sugar for this function. |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 40 | |
| 41 | :pep:`235` |
| 42 | Import on Case-Insensitive Platforms |
| 43 | |
| 44 | :pep:`263` |
| 45 | Defining Python Source Code Encodings |
| 46 | |
| 47 | :pep:`302` |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 48 | New Import Hooks |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 49 | |
| 50 | :pep:`328` |
| 51 | Imports: Multi-Line and Absolute/Relative |
| 52 | |
| 53 | :pep:`366` |
| 54 | Main module explicit relative imports |
| 55 | |
Brett Cannon | 8917d5e | 2010-01-13 19:21:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 56 | :pep:`3120` |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 57 | Using UTF-8 as the Default Source Encoding |
| 58 | |
Brett Cannon | 30b7a90 | 2010-06-27 21:49:22 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 59 | :pep:`3147` |
| 60 | PYC Repository Directories |
| 61 | |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 62 | |
| 63 | Functions |
| 64 | --------- |
| 65 | |
Brett Cannon | cb4996a | 2012-08-06 16:34:44 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 66 | .. function:: __import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=(), level=0) |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 67 | |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 68 | An implementation of the built-in :func:`__import__` function. |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 69 | |
| 70 | .. function:: import_module(name, package=None) |
| 71 | |
Brett Cannon | 33418c8 | 2009-01-22 18:37:20 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 72 | Import a module. The *name* argument specifies what module to |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 73 | import in absolute or relative terms |
| 74 | (e.g. either ``pkg.mod`` or ``..mod``). If the name is |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 75 | specified in relative terms, then the *package* argument must be set to |
| 76 | the name of the package which is to act as the anchor for resolving the |
Brett Cannon | afccd63 | 2009-01-20 02:21:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 77 | package name (e.g. ``import_module('..mod', 'pkg.subpkg')`` will import |
Brett Cannon | 2c318a1 | 2009-02-07 01:15:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 78 | ``pkg.mod``). |
Brett Cannon | 78246b6 | 2009-01-25 04:56:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 79 | |
Brett Cannon | 2c318a1 | 2009-02-07 01:15:27 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 80 | The :func:`import_module` function acts as a simplifying wrapper around |
Brett Cannon | 9f4cb1c | 2009-04-01 23:26:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 81 | :func:`importlib.__import__`. This means all semantics of the function are |
| 82 | derived from :func:`importlib.__import__`, including requiring the package |
| 83 | from which an import is occurring to have been previously imported |
| 84 | (i.e., *package* must already be imported). The most important difference |
| 85 | is that :func:`import_module` returns the most nested package or module |
| 86 | that was imported (e.g. ``pkg.mod``), while :func:`__import__` returns the |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 87 | top-level package or module (e.g. ``pkg``). |
| 88 | |
Brett Cannon | ee78a2b | 2012-05-12 17:43:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | .. function:: find_loader(name, path=None) |
| 90 | |
| 91 | Find the loader for a module, optionally within the specified *path*. If the |
| 92 | module is in :attr:`sys.modules`, then ``sys.modules[name].__loader__`` is |
Brett Cannon | 3279923 | 2013-03-13 11:09:08 -0700 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | returned (unless the loader would be ``None`` or is not set, in which case |
Brett Cannon | ee78a2b | 2012-05-12 17:43:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | :exc:`ValueError` is raised). Otherwise a search using :attr:`sys.meta_path` |
| 95 | is done. ``None`` is returned if no loader is found. |
| 96 | |
Brett Cannon | 56b4ca7 | 2012-11-17 09:30:55 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 97 | A dotted name does not have its parent's implicitly imported as that requires |
| 98 | loading them and that may not be desired. To properly import a submodule you |
| 99 | will need to import all parent packages of the submodule and use the correct |
| 100 | argument to *path*. |
Brett Cannon | ee78a2b | 2012-05-12 17:43:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 101 | |
Brett Cannon | 3279923 | 2013-03-13 11:09:08 -0700 | [diff] [blame] | 102 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 103 | |
| 104 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 105 | If ``__loader__`` is not set, raise :exc:`ValueError`, just like when the |
| 106 | attribute is set to ``None``. |
| 107 | |
Antoine Pitrou | c541f8e | 2012-02-20 01:48:16 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 108 | .. function:: invalidate_caches() |
| 109 | |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 110 | Invalidate the internal caches of finders stored at |
| 111 | :data:`sys.meta_path`. If a finder implements ``invalidate_caches()`` then it |
Brett Cannon | 4067aa2 | 2013-04-27 23:20:32 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 112 | will be called to perform the invalidation. This function should be called |
| 113 | if any modules are created/installed while your program is running to |
| 114 | guarantee all finders will notice the new module's existence. |
Antoine Pitrou | c541f8e | 2012-02-20 01:48:16 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 115 | |
| 116 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 117 | |
Brett Cannon | 78246b6 | 2009-01-25 04:56:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 118 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 119 | :mod:`importlib.abc` -- Abstract base classes related to import |
| 120 | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 121 | |
| 122 | .. module:: importlib.abc |
| 123 | :synopsis: Abstract base classes related to import |
| 124 | |
| 125 | The :mod:`importlib.abc` module contains all of the core abstract base classes |
| 126 | used by :keyword:`import`. Some subclasses of the core abstract base classes |
| 127 | are also provided to help in implementing the core ABCs. |
| 128 | |
Andrew Svetlov | a865654 | 2012-08-13 22:19:01 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 129 | ABC hierarchy:: |
| 130 | |
| 131 | object |
Brett Cannon | 1b79918 | 2012-08-17 14:08:24 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 132 | +-- Finder (deprecated) |
Andrew Svetlov | a865654 | 2012-08-13 22:19:01 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 133 | | +-- MetaPathFinder |
| 134 | | +-- PathEntryFinder |
| 135 | +-- Loader |
| 136 | +-- ResourceLoader --------+ |
| 137 | +-- InspectLoader | |
| 138 | +-- ExecutionLoader --+ |
| 139 | +-- FileLoader |
| 140 | +-- SourceLoader |
Andrew Svetlov | a865654 | 2012-08-13 22:19:01 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 141 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 142 | |
| 143 | .. class:: Finder |
| 144 | |
Brett Cannon | 1b79918 | 2012-08-17 14:08:24 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 145 | An abstract base class representing a :term:`finder`. |
| 146 | |
| 147 | .. deprecated:: 3.3 |
| 148 | Use :class:`MetaPathFinder` or :class:`PathEntryFinder` instead. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 150 | .. method:: find_module(fullname, path=None) |
Brett Cannon | b46a179 | 2012-02-27 18:15:42 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 151 | |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 152 | An abstact method for finding a :term:`loader` for the specified |
| 153 | module. Originally specified in :pep:`302`, this method was meant |
| 154 | for use in :data:`sys.meta_path` and in the path-based import subsystem. |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 156 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 157 | Returns ``None`` when called instead of raising |
| 158 | :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 159 | |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 160 | |
Brett Cannon | 077ef45 | 2012-08-02 17:50:06 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 161 | .. class:: MetaPathFinder |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 162 | |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 163 | An abstract base class representing a :term:`meta path finder`. For |
| 164 | compatibility, this is a subclass of :class:`Finder`. |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 165 | |
| 166 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 167 | |
| 168 | .. method:: find_module(fullname, path) |
| 169 | |
| 170 | An abstract method for finding a :term:`loader` for the specified |
| 171 | module. If this is a top-level import, *path* will be ``None``. |
Ezio Melotti | 1f67e80 | 2012-10-21 07:24:13 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 172 | Otherwise, this is a search for a subpackage or module and *path* |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 173 | will be the value of :attr:`__path__` from the parent |
| 174 | package. If a loader cannot be found, ``None`` is returned. |
| 175 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 176 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 177 | Returns ``None`` when called instead of raising |
| 178 | :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 179 | |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 180 | .. method:: invalidate_caches() |
| 181 | |
| 182 | An optional method which, when called, should invalidate any internal |
Brett Cannon | a6e8581 | 2012-08-11 19:41:27 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 183 | cache used by the finder. Used by :func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` |
| 184 | when invalidating the caches of all finders on :data:`sys.meta_path`. |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 185 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 186 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 187 | Returns ``None`` when called instead of ``NotImplemented``. |
| 188 | |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 189 | |
Brett Cannon | 077ef45 | 2012-08-02 17:50:06 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 190 | .. class:: PathEntryFinder |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | An abstract base class representing a :term:`path entry finder`. Though |
| 193 | it bears some similarities to :class:`MetaPathFinder`, ``PathEntryFinder`` |
| 194 | is meant for use only within the path-based import subsystem provided |
| 195 | by :class:`PathFinder`. This ABC is a subclass of :class:`Finder` for |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 196 | compatibility reasons only. |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 197 | |
| 198 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 199 | |
Brett Cannon | 4067aa2 | 2013-04-27 23:20:32 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 200 | .. method:: find_loader(fullname) |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 201 | |
| 202 | An abstract method for finding a :term:`loader` for the specified |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 203 | module. Returns a 2-tuple of ``(loader, portion)`` where ``portion`` |
| 204 | is a sequence of file system locations contributing to part of a namespace |
| 205 | package. The loader may be ``None`` while specifying ``portion`` to |
| 206 | signify the contribution of the file system locations to a namespace |
| 207 | package. An empty list can be used for ``portion`` to signify the loader |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 208 | is not part of a namespace package. If ``loader`` is ``None`` and |
| 209 | ``portion`` is the empty list then no loader or location for a namespace |
| 210 | package were found (i.e. failure to find anything for the module). |
| 211 | |
| 212 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 213 | Returns ``(None, [])`` instead of raising :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 214 | |
Brett Cannon | 4067aa2 | 2013-04-27 23:20:32 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 215 | .. method:: find_module(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 216 | |
| 217 | A concrete implementation of :meth:`Finder.find_module` which is |
| 218 | equivalent to ``self.find_loader(fullname)[0]``. |
| 219 | |
| 220 | .. method:: invalidate_caches() |
| 221 | |
| 222 | An optional method which, when called, should invalidate any internal |
Brett Cannon | a6e8581 | 2012-08-11 19:41:27 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 223 | cache used by the finder. Used by :meth:`PathFinder.invalidate_caches` |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 224 | when invalidating the caches of all cached finders. |
Brett Cannon | b46a179 | 2012-02-27 18:15:42 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 225 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 226 | |
| 227 | .. class:: Loader |
| 228 | |
| 229 | An abstract base class for a :term:`loader`. |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 230 | See :pep:`302` for the exact definition for a loader. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 231 | |
Brett Cannon | 9c751b7 | 2009-03-09 16:28:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 232 | .. method:: load_module(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 233 | |
| 234 | An abstract method for loading a module. If the module cannot be |
| 235 | loaded, :exc:`ImportError` is raised, otherwise the loaded module is |
| 236 | returned. |
| 237 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 238 | If the requested module already exists in :data:`sys.modules`, that |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 239 | module should be used and reloaded. |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 240 | Otherwise the loader should create a new module and insert it into |
| 241 | :data:`sys.modules` before any loading begins, to prevent recursion |
| 242 | from the import. If the loader inserted a module and the load fails, it |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 243 | must be removed by the loader from :data:`sys.modules`; modules already |
| 244 | in :data:`sys.modules` before the loader began execution should be left |
| 245 | alone. The :func:`importlib.util.module_for_loader` decorator handles |
| 246 | all of these details. |
| 247 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 248 | The loader should set several attributes on the module. |
| 249 | (Note that some of these attributes can change when a module is |
| 250 | reloaded.) |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 251 | |
| 252 | - :attr:`__name__` |
| 253 | The name of the module. |
| 254 | |
| 255 | - :attr:`__file__` |
| 256 | The path to where the module data is stored (not set for built-in |
| 257 | modules). |
| 258 | |
| 259 | - :attr:`__path__` |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 260 | A list of strings specifying the search path within a |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 261 | package. This attribute is not set on modules. |
| 262 | |
| 263 | - :attr:`__package__` |
| 264 | The parent package for the module/package. If the module is |
| 265 | top-level then it has a value of the empty string. The |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 266 | :func:`importlib.util.module_for_loader` decorator can handle the |
| 267 | details for :attr:`__package__`. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 268 | |
| 269 | - :attr:`__loader__` |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 270 | The loader used to load the module. The |
| 271 | :func:`importlib.util.module_for_loader` decorator can handle the |
| 272 | details for :attr:`__package__`. |
| 273 | |
| 274 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 275 | Raise :exc:`ImportError` when called instead of |
| 276 | :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 277 | |
Barry Warsaw | d7d2194 | 2012-07-29 16:36:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 278 | .. method:: module_repr(module) |
| 279 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 280 | An optional method which when implemented calculates and returns the |
| 281 | given module's repr, as a string. The module type's default repr() will |
| 282 | use the result of this method as appropriate. |
Barry Warsaw | d7d2194 | 2012-07-29 16:36:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 283 | |
Georg Brandl | 526575d | 2013-04-11 16:10:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 284 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
Barry Warsaw | d7d2194 | 2012-07-29 16:36:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 285 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 286 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
Georg Brandl | 526575d | 2013-04-11 16:10:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 287 | Made optional instead of an abstractmethod. |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 288 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 289 | |
| 290 | .. class:: ResourceLoader |
| 291 | |
| 292 | An abstract base class for a :term:`loader` which implements the optional |
| 293 | :pep:`302` protocol for loading arbitrary resources from the storage |
| 294 | back-end. |
| 295 | |
Brett Cannon | 9c751b7 | 2009-03-09 16:28:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 296 | .. method:: get_data(path) |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 297 | |
| 298 | An abstract method to return the bytes for the data located at *path*. |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 299 | Loaders that have a file-like storage back-end |
Brett Cannon | 16248a4 | 2009-04-01 20:47:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 300 | that allows storing arbitrary data |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 301 | can implement this abstract method to give direct access |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 302 | to the data stored. :exc:`IOError` is to be raised if the *path* cannot |
| 303 | be found. The *path* is expected to be constructed using a module's |
Brett Cannon | 16248a4 | 2009-04-01 20:47:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 304 | :attr:`__file__` attribute or an item from a package's :attr:`__path__`. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 305 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 306 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 307 | Raises :exc:`IOError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 308 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 309 | |
| 310 | .. class:: InspectLoader |
| 311 | |
| 312 | An abstract base class for a :term:`loader` which implements the optional |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 313 | :pep:`302` protocol for loaders that inspect modules. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 314 | |
Brett Cannon | a113ac5 | 2009-03-15 01:41:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 315 | .. method:: get_code(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 316 | |
Brett Cannon | a113ac5 | 2009-03-15 01:41:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 317 | An abstract method to return the :class:`code` object for a module. |
Georg Brandl | 375aec2 | 2011-01-15 17:03:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 318 | ``None`` is returned if the module does not have a code object |
Brett Cannon | a113ac5 | 2009-03-15 01:41:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 319 | (e.g. built-in module). :exc:`ImportError` is raised if loader cannot |
| 320 | find the requested module. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 321 | |
R David Murray | 1b00f25 | 2012-08-15 10:43:58 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 322 | .. index:: |
| 323 | single: universal newlines; importlib.abc.InspectLoader.get_source method |
| 324 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 325 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 326 | Raises :exc:`ImportError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 327 | |
Brett Cannon | 9c751b7 | 2009-03-09 16:28:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 328 | .. method:: get_source(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 329 | |
| 330 | An abstract method to return the source of a module. It is returned as |
R David Murray | 1b00f25 | 2012-08-15 10:43:58 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 331 | a text string using :term:`universal newlines`, translating all |
R David Murray | ee0a945 | 2012-08-15 11:05:36 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 332 | recognized line separators into ``'\n'`` characters. Returns ``None`` |
| 333 | if no source is available (e.g. a built-in module). Raises |
| 334 | :exc:`ImportError` if the loader cannot find the module specified. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 335 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 336 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 337 | Raises :exc:`ImportError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 338 | |
Brett Cannon | a113ac5 | 2009-03-15 01:41:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 339 | .. method:: is_package(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 340 | |
Brett Cannon | a113ac5 | 2009-03-15 01:41:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 341 | An abstract method to return a true value if the module is a package, a |
| 342 | false value otherwise. :exc:`ImportError` is raised if the |
| 343 | :term:`loader` cannot find the module. |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 344 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 345 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 346 | Raises :exc:`ImportError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 347 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 348 | |
Brett Cannon | 6919427 | 2009-07-20 04:23:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 349 | .. class:: ExecutionLoader |
| 350 | |
| 351 | An abstract base class which inherits from :class:`InspectLoader` that, |
Brett Cannon | 2346029 | 2009-07-20 22:59:00 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 352 | when implemented, helps a module to be executed as a script. The ABC |
Brett Cannon | 6919427 | 2009-07-20 04:23:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 353 | represents an optional :pep:`302` protocol. |
| 354 | |
| 355 | .. method:: get_filename(fullname) |
| 356 | |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 357 | An abstract method that is to return the value of :attr:`__file__` for |
Brett Cannon | 6919427 | 2009-07-20 04:23:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 358 | the specified module. If no path is available, :exc:`ImportError` is |
| 359 | raised. |
| 360 | |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 361 | If source code is available, then the method should return the path to |
| 362 | the source file, regardless of whether a bytecode was used to load the |
| 363 | module. |
| 364 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 365 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 366 | Raises :exc:`ImportError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 367 | |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 368 | |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 369 | .. class:: FileLoader(fullname, path) |
| 370 | |
| 371 | An abstract base class which inherits from :class:`ResourceLoader` and |
Andrew Svetlov | a60de4f | 2013-02-17 16:55:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 372 | :class:`ExecutionLoader`, providing concrete implementations of |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 373 | :meth:`ResourceLoader.get_data` and :meth:`ExecutionLoader.get_filename`. |
| 374 | |
| 375 | The *fullname* argument is a fully resolved name of the module the loader is |
| 376 | to handle. The *path* argument is the path to the file for the module. |
| 377 | |
| 378 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 379 | |
| 380 | .. attribute:: name |
| 381 | |
| 382 | The name of the module the loader can handle. |
| 383 | |
| 384 | .. attribute:: path |
| 385 | |
| 386 | Path to the file of the module. |
| 387 | |
Barry Warsaw | d7d2194 | 2012-07-29 16:36:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 388 | .. method:: load_module(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | c049952 | 2012-05-11 14:48:41 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 389 | |
Barry Warsaw | d7d2194 | 2012-07-29 16:36:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 390 | Calls super's ``load_module()``. |
Brett Cannon | c049952 | 2012-05-11 14:48:41 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 391 | |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 392 | .. method:: get_filename(fullname) |
| 393 | |
Barry Warsaw | d7d2194 | 2012-07-29 16:36:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 394 | Returns :attr:`path`. |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 395 | |
| 396 | .. method:: get_data(path) |
| 397 | |
| 398 | Returns the open, binary file for *path*. |
| 399 | |
| 400 | |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 401 | .. class:: SourceLoader |
| 402 | |
| 403 | An abstract base class for implementing source (and optionally bytecode) |
| 404 | file loading. The class inherits from both :class:`ResourceLoader` and |
| 405 | :class:`ExecutionLoader`, requiring the implementation of: |
| 406 | |
| 407 | * :meth:`ResourceLoader.get_data` |
| 408 | * :meth:`ExecutionLoader.get_filename` |
Brett Cannon | 6dfbff3 | 2010-07-21 09:48:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 409 | Should only return the path to the source file; sourceless |
Brett Cannon | 5650e4f | 2012-11-18 10:03:31 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 410 | loading is not supported (see :class:`SourcelessLoader` if that |
| 411 | functionality is required) |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 412 | |
| 413 | The abstract methods defined by this class are to add optional bytecode |
Brett Cannon | 5650e4f | 2012-11-18 10:03:31 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 414 | file support. Not implementing these optional methods (or causing them to |
| 415 | raise :exc:`NotImplementedError`) causes the loader to |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 416 | only work with source code. Implementing the methods allows the loader to |
| 417 | work with source *and* bytecode files; it does not allow for *sourceless* |
| 418 | loading where only bytecode is provided. Bytecode files are an |
| 419 | optimization to speed up loading by removing the parsing step of Python's |
| 420 | compiler, and so no bytecode-specific API is exposed. |
| 421 | |
Brett Cannon | 773468f | 2012-08-02 17:35:34 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 422 | .. method:: path_stats(path) |
Antoine Pitrou | 5136ac0 | 2012-01-13 18:52:16 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 423 | |
| 424 | Optional abstract method which returns a :class:`dict` containing |
| 425 | metadata about the specifed path. Supported dictionary keys are: |
| 426 | |
| 427 | - ``'mtime'`` (mandatory): an integer or floating-point number |
| 428 | representing the modification time of the source code; |
| 429 | - ``'size'`` (optional): the size in bytes of the source code. |
| 430 | |
| 431 | Any other keys in the dictionary are ignored, to allow for future |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 432 | extensions. If the path cannot be handled, :exc:`IOError` is raised. |
Antoine Pitrou | 5136ac0 | 2012-01-13 18:52:16 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 433 | |
| 434 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 435 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 436 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 437 | Raise :exc:`IOError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
| 438 | |
Brett Cannon | 773468f | 2012-08-02 17:35:34 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 439 | .. method:: path_mtime(path) |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 440 | |
| 441 | Optional abstract method which returns the modification time for the |
| 442 | specified path. |
| 443 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 5136ac0 | 2012-01-13 18:52:16 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 444 | .. deprecated:: 3.3 |
| 445 | This method is deprecated in favour of :meth:`path_stats`. You don't |
| 446 | have to implement it, but it is still available for compatibility |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 447 | purposes. Raise :exc:`IOError` if the path cannot be handled. |
| 448 | |
| 449 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 450 | Raise :exc:`IOError` instead of :exc:`NotImplementedError`. |
Antoine Pitrou | 5136ac0 | 2012-01-13 18:52:16 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 451 | |
Brett Cannon | 773468f | 2012-08-02 17:35:34 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 452 | .. method:: set_data(path, data) |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 453 | |
| 454 | Optional abstract method which writes the specified bytes to a file |
Brett Cannon | 61b1425 | 2010-07-03 21:48:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 455 | path. Any intermediate directories which do not exist are to be created |
| 456 | automatically. |
| 457 | |
| 458 | When writing to the path fails because the path is read-only |
| 459 | (:attr:`errno.EACCES`), do not propagate the exception. |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 460 | |
Brett Cannon | 100883f | 2013-04-09 16:59:39 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 461 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
| 462 | No longer raises :exc:`NotImplementedError` when called. |
| 463 | |
Eric Snow | a6cfb28 | 2012-12-04 23:43:43 -0800 | [diff] [blame] | 464 | .. method:: source_to_code(data, path) |
Brett Cannon | 5650e4f | 2012-11-18 10:03:31 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 465 | |
| 466 | Create a code object from Python source. |
| 467 | |
| 468 | The *data* argument can be whatever the :func:`compile` function |
| 469 | supports (i.e. string or bytes). The *path* argument should be |
| 470 | the "path" to where the source code originated from, which can be an |
| 471 | abstract concept (e.g. location in a zip file). |
| 472 | |
| 473 | .. versionadded:: 3.4 |
| 474 | |
Brett Cannon | 773468f | 2012-08-02 17:35:34 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 475 | .. method:: get_code(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 476 | |
| 477 | Concrete implementation of :meth:`InspectLoader.get_code`. |
| 478 | |
Brett Cannon | 773468f | 2012-08-02 17:35:34 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 479 | .. method:: load_module(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 480 | |
| 481 | Concrete implementation of :meth:`Loader.load_module`. |
| 482 | |
Brett Cannon | 773468f | 2012-08-02 17:35:34 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 483 | .. method:: get_source(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 484 | |
| 485 | Concrete implementation of :meth:`InspectLoader.get_source`. |
| 486 | |
Brett Cannon | 773468f | 2012-08-02 17:35:34 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 487 | .. method:: is_package(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 488 | |
| 489 | Concrete implementation of :meth:`InspectLoader.is_package`. A module |
Brett Cannon | ea0b823 | 2012-06-15 20:00:53 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 490 | is determined to be a package if its file path (as provided by |
| 491 | :meth:`ExecutionLoader.get_filename`) is a file named |
| 492 | ``__init__`` when the file extension is removed **and** the module name |
| 493 | itself does not end in ``__init__``. |
Brett Cannon | f23e374 | 2010-06-27 23:57:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 494 | |
Brett Cannon | 6919427 | 2009-07-20 04:23:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 495 | |
Brett Cannon | 78246b6 | 2009-01-25 04:56:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 496 | :mod:`importlib.machinery` -- Importers and path hooks |
| 497 | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| 498 | |
| 499 | .. module:: importlib.machinery |
| 500 | :synopsis: Importers and path hooks |
| 501 | |
| 502 | This module contains the various objects that help :keyword:`import` |
| 503 | find and load modules. |
| 504 | |
Brett Cannon | cb66eb0 | 2012-05-11 12:58:42 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 505 | .. attribute:: SOURCE_SUFFIXES |
| 506 | |
| 507 | A list of strings representing the recognized file suffixes for source |
| 508 | modules. |
| 509 | |
| 510 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 511 | |
| 512 | .. attribute:: DEBUG_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES |
| 513 | |
| 514 | A list of strings representing the file suffixes for non-optimized bytecode |
| 515 | modules. |
| 516 | |
| 517 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 518 | |
| 519 | .. attribute:: OPTIMIZED_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES |
| 520 | |
| 521 | A list of strings representing the file suffixes for optimized bytecode |
| 522 | modules. |
| 523 | |
| 524 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 525 | |
| 526 | .. attribute:: BYTECODE_SUFFIXES |
| 527 | |
| 528 | A list of strings representing the recognized file suffixes for bytecode |
| 529 | modules. Set to either :attr:`DEBUG_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES` or |
| 530 | :attr:`OPTIMIZED_BYTECODE_SUFFIXES` based on whether ``__debug__`` is true. |
| 531 | |
| 532 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 533 | |
| 534 | .. attribute:: EXTENSION_SUFFIXES |
| 535 | |
Nick Coghlan | 76e0770 | 2012-07-18 23:14:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 536 | A list of strings representing the recognized file suffixes for |
Brett Cannon | cb66eb0 | 2012-05-11 12:58:42 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 537 | extension modules. |
| 538 | |
| 539 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 540 | |
Nick Coghlan | c5afd42 | 2012-07-18 23:59:08 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 541 | .. function:: all_suffixes() |
Nick Coghlan | 76e0770 | 2012-07-18 23:14:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 542 | |
| 543 | Returns a combined list of strings representing all file suffixes for |
Nick Coghlan | c5afd42 | 2012-07-18 23:59:08 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 544 | modules recognized by the standard import machinery. This is a |
Nick Coghlan | 76e0770 | 2012-07-18 23:14:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 545 | helper for code which simply needs to know if a filesystem path |
Nick Coghlan | c5afd42 | 2012-07-18 23:59:08 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 546 | potentially refers to a module without needing any details on the kind |
| 547 | of module (for example, :func:`inspect.getmodulename`) |
Nick Coghlan | 76e0770 | 2012-07-18 23:14:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 548 | |
| 549 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 550 | |
| 551 | |
Brett Cannon | 78246b6 | 2009-01-25 04:56:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 552 | .. class:: BuiltinImporter |
| 553 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 554 | An :term:`importer` for built-in modules. All known built-in modules are |
| 555 | listed in :data:`sys.builtin_module_names`. This class implements the |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 556 | :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` and |
| 557 | :class:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader` ABCs. |
Brett Cannon | 78246b6 | 2009-01-25 04:56:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 558 | |
| 559 | Only class methods are defined by this class to alleviate the need for |
| 560 | instantiation. |
| 561 | |
Brett Cannon | 78246b6 | 2009-01-25 04:56:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 562 | |
| 563 | .. class:: FrozenImporter |
| 564 | |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 565 | An :term:`importer` for frozen modules. This class implements the |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 566 | :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` and |
| 567 | :class:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader` ABCs. |
Brett Cannon | 78246b6 | 2009-01-25 04:56:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 568 | |
| 569 | Only class methods are defined by this class to alleviate the need for |
| 570 | instantiation. |
| 571 | |
Brett Cannon | debb98d | 2009-02-16 04:18:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 572 | |
Nick Coghlan | ff79486 | 2012-08-02 21:45:24 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 573 | .. class:: WindowsRegistryFinder |
| 574 | |
| 575 | :term:`Finder` for modules declared in the Windows registry. This class |
Nick Coghlan | 4941774 | 2012-08-02 23:03:58 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 576 | implements the :class:`importlib.abc.Finder` ABC. |
Nick Coghlan | ff79486 | 2012-08-02 21:45:24 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 577 | |
| 578 | Only class methods are defined by this class to alleviate the need for |
| 579 | instantiation. |
| 580 | |
| 581 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 582 | |
| 583 | |
Brett Cannon | debb98d | 2009-02-16 04:18:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 584 | .. class:: PathFinder |
| 585 | |
Brett Cannon | 1b79918 | 2012-08-17 14:08:24 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 586 | A :term:`Finder` for :data:`sys.path` and package ``__path__`` attributes. |
| 587 | This class implements the :class:`importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder` ABC. |
Brett Cannon | debb98d | 2009-02-16 04:18:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 588 | |
Brett Cannon | 1b79918 | 2012-08-17 14:08:24 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 589 | Only class methods are defined by this class to alleviate the need for |
| 590 | instantiation. |
Brett Cannon | debb98d | 2009-02-16 04:18:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 591 | |
Brett Cannon | 1b79918 | 2012-08-17 14:08:24 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 592 | .. classmethod:: find_module(fullname, path=None) |
Brett Cannon | debb98d | 2009-02-16 04:18:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 593 | |
Brett Cannon | 1b79918 | 2012-08-17 14:08:24 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 594 | Class method that attempts to find a :term:`loader` for the module |
| 595 | specified by *fullname* on :data:`sys.path` or, if defined, on |
| 596 | *path*. For each path entry that is searched, |
| 597 | :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` is checked. If a non-false object is |
| 598 | found then it is used as the :term:`finder` to look for the module |
| 599 | being searched for. If no entry is found in |
| 600 | :data:`sys.path_importer_cache`, then :data:`sys.path_hooks` is |
| 601 | searched for a finder for the path entry and, if found, is stored in |
| 602 | :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` along with being queried about the |
| 603 | module. If no finder is ever found then ``None`` is both stored in |
| 604 | the cache and returned. |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 605 | |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 606 | .. classmethod:: invalidate_caches() |
| 607 | |
Brett Cannon | 1b79918 | 2012-08-17 14:08:24 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 608 | Calls :meth:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.invalidate_caches` on all |
| 609 | finders stored in :attr:`sys.path_importer_cache`. |
Brett Cannon | f4dc920 | 2012-08-10 12:21:12 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 610 | |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 611 | |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 612 | .. class:: FileFinder(path, \*loader_details) |
| 613 | |
Nick Coghlan | 8a9080f | 2012-08-02 21:26:03 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 614 | A concrete implementation of :class:`importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder` which |
| 615 | caches results from the file system. |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 616 | |
| 617 | The *path* argument is the directory for which the finder is in charge of |
| 618 | searching. |
| 619 | |
Brett Cannon | ac9f2f3 | 2012-08-10 13:47:54 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 620 | The *loader_details* argument is a variable number of 2-item tuples each |
| 621 | containing a loader and a sequence of file suffixes the loader recognizes. |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 622 | |
| 623 | The finder will cache the directory contents as necessary, making stat calls |
| 624 | for each module search to verify the cache is not outdated. Because cache |
| 625 | staleness relies upon the granularity of the operating system's state |
| 626 | information of the file system, there is a potential race condition of |
| 627 | searching for a module, creating a new file, and then searching for the |
| 628 | module the new file represents. If the operations happen fast enough to fit |
| 629 | within the granularity of stat calls, then the module search will fail. To |
| 630 | prevent this from happening, when you create a module dynamically, make sure |
| 631 | to call :func:`importlib.invalidate_caches`. |
| 632 | |
| 633 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 634 | |
| 635 | .. attribute:: path |
| 636 | |
| 637 | The path the finder will search in. |
| 638 | |
| 639 | .. method:: find_module(fullname) |
| 640 | |
| 641 | Attempt to find the loader to handle *fullname* within :attr:`path`. |
| 642 | |
| 643 | .. method:: invalidate_caches() |
| 644 | |
| 645 | Clear out the internal cache. |
| 646 | |
| 647 | .. classmethod:: path_hook(\*loader_details) |
| 648 | |
| 649 | A class method which returns a closure for use on :attr:`sys.path_hooks`. |
| 650 | An instance of :class:`FileFinder` is returned by the closure using the |
| 651 | path argument given to the closure directly and *loader_details* |
| 652 | indirectly. |
| 653 | |
| 654 | If the argument to the closure is not an existing directory, |
| 655 | :exc:`ImportError` is raised. |
| 656 | |
| 657 | |
| 658 | .. class:: SourceFileLoader(fullname, path) |
| 659 | |
| 660 | A concrete implementation of :class:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader` by |
| 661 | subclassing :class:`importlib.abc.FileLoader` and providing some concrete |
| 662 | implementations of other methods. |
| 663 | |
| 664 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 665 | |
| 666 | .. attribute:: name |
| 667 | |
| 668 | The name of the module that this loader will handle. |
| 669 | |
| 670 | .. attribute:: path |
| 671 | |
| 672 | The path to the source file. |
| 673 | |
| 674 | .. method:: is_package(fullname) |
| 675 | |
| 676 | Return true if :attr:`path` appears to be for a package. |
| 677 | |
| 678 | .. method:: path_stats(path) |
| 679 | |
| 680 | Concrete implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.path_stats`. |
| 681 | |
| 682 | .. method:: set_data(path, data) |
| 683 | |
| 684 | Concrete implementation of :meth:`importlib.abc.SourceLoader.set_data`. |
| 685 | |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 686 | |
Marc-Andre Lemburg | 4fe29c9 | 2012-04-25 02:31:37 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 687 | .. class:: SourcelessFileLoader(fullname, path) |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 688 | |
| 689 | A concrete implementation of :class:`importlib.abc.FileLoader` which can |
| 690 | import bytecode files (i.e. no source code files exist). |
| 691 | |
Marc-Andre Lemburg | 4fe29c9 | 2012-04-25 02:31:37 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 692 | Please note that direct use of bytecode files (and thus not source code |
| 693 | files) inhibits your modules from being usable by all Python |
| 694 | implementations or new versions of Python which change the bytecode |
| 695 | format. |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 696 | |
| 697 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 698 | |
| 699 | .. attribute:: name |
| 700 | |
| 701 | The name of the module the loader will handle. |
| 702 | |
| 703 | .. attribute:: path |
| 704 | |
| 705 | The path to the bytecode file. |
| 706 | |
| 707 | .. method:: is_package(fullname) |
| 708 | |
| 709 | Determines if the module is a package based on :attr:`path`. |
| 710 | |
| 711 | .. method:: get_code(fullname) |
| 712 | |
| 713 | Returns the code object for :attr:`name` created from :attr:`path`. |
| 714 | |
| 715 | .. method:: get_source(fullname) |
| 716 | |
| 717 | Returns ``None`` as bytecode files have no source when this loader is |
| 718 | used. |
| 719 | |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 720 | |
| 721 | .. class:: ExtensionFileLoader(fullname, path) |
| 722 | |
| 723 | A concrete implementation of :class:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader` for |
| 724 | extension modules. |
| 725 | |
| 726 | The *fullname* argument specifies the name of the module the loader is to |
| 727 | support. The *path* argument is the path to the extension module's file. |
| 728 | |
| 729 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 730 | |
| 731 | .. attribute:: name |
| 732 | |
| 733 | Name of the module the loader supports. |
| 734 | |
| 735 | .. attribute:: path |
| 736 | |
| 737 | Path to the extension module. |
| 738 | |
Barry Warsaw | d7d2194 | 2012-07-29 16:36:17 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 739 | .. method:: load_module(fullname) |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 740 | |
Brett Cannon | c049952 | 2012-05-11 14:48:41 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 741 | Loads the extension module if and only if *fullname* is the same as |
| 742 | :attr:`name` or is ``None``. |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 743 | |
| 744 | .. method:: is_package(fullname) |
| 745 | |
Brett Cannon | ac9f2f3 | 2012-08-10 13:47:54 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 746 | Returns ``True`` if the file path points to a package's ``__init__`` |
| 747 | module based on :attr:`EXTENSION_SUFFIXES`. |
Brett Cannon | 938d44d | 2012-04-22 19:58:33 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 748 | |
| 749 | .. method:: get_code(fullname) |
| 750 | |
| 751 | Returns ``None`` as extension modules lack a code object. |
| 752 | |
| 753 | .. method:: get_source(fullname) |
| 754 | |
| 755 | Returns ``None`` as extension modules do not have source code. |
| 756 | |
| 757 | |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 758 | :mod:`importlib.util` -- Utility code for importers |
| 759 | --------------------------------------------------- |
| 760 | |
| 761 | .. module:: importlib.util |
Brett Cannon | 75321e8 | 2012-03-02 11:58:25 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 762 | :synopsis: Utility code for importers |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 763 | |
| 764 | This module contains the various objects that help in the construction of |
| 765 | an :term:`importer`. |
| 766 | |
Brett Cannon | d200bf5 | 2012-05-13 13:45:09 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 767 | .. function:: resolve_name(name, package) |
| 768 | |
| 769 | Resolve a relative module name to an absolute one. |
| 770 | |
| 771 | If **name** has no leading dots, then **name** is simply returned. This |
| 772 | allows for usage such as |
| 773 | ``importlib.util.resolve_name('sys', __package__)`` without doing a |
| 774 | check to see if the **package** argument is needed. |
| 775 | |
| 776 | :exc:`ValueError` is raised if **name** is a relative module name but |
| 777 | package is a false value (e.g. ``None`` or the empty string). |
| 778 | :exc:`ValueError` is also raised a relative name would escape its containing |
| 779 | package (e.g. requesting ``..bacon`` from within the ``spam`` package). |
| 780 | |
| 781 | .. versionadded:: 3.3 |
| 782 | |
Georg Brandl | 8a1caa2 | 2010-07-29 16:01:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 783 | .. decorator:: module_for_loader |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 784 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 785 | A :term:`decorator` for a :term:`loader` method, |
| 786 | to handle selecting the proper |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 787 | module object to load with. The decorated method is expected to have a call |
Brett Cannon | 2a922ed | 2009-03-09 03:35:50 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 788 | signature taking two positional arguments |
| 789 | (e.g. ``load_module(self, module)``) for which the second argument |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 790 | will be the module **object** to be used by the loader. |
Brett Cannon | efad00d | 2012-04-27 17:27:14 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 791 | Note that the decorator will not work on static methods because of the |
| 792 | assumption of two arguments. |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 793 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 794 | The decorated method will take in the **name** of the module to be loaded |
| 795 | as expected for a :term:`loader`. If the module is not found in |
Brett Cannon | 57b46f5 | 2009-03-02 14:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 796 | :data:`sys.modules` then a new one is constructed with its |
Brett Cannon | efad00d | 2012-04-27 17:27:14 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 797 | :attr:`__name__` attribute set to **name**, :attr:`__loader__` set to |
| 798 | **self**, and :attr:`__package__` set if |
| 799 | :meth:`importlib.abc.InspectLoader.is_package` is defined for **self** and |
| 800 | does not raise :exc:`ImportError` for **name**. If a new module is not |
| 801 | needed then the module found in :data:`sys.modules` will be passed into the |
| 802 | method. |
| 803 | |
| 804 | If an exception is raised by the decorated method and a module was added to |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 805 | :data:`sys.modules` it will be removed to prevent a partially initialized |
Brett Cannon | 57b46f5 | 2009-03-02 14:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 806 | module from being in left in :data:`sys.modules`. If the module was already |
| 807 | in :data:`sys.modules` then it is left alone. |
Brett Cannon | d2e7b33 | 2009-02-17 02:45:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 808 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 809 | Use of this decorator handles all the details of which module object a |
Brett Cannon | efad00d | 2012-04-27 17:27:14 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 810 | loader should initialize as specified by :pep:`302` as best as possible. |
| 811 | |
| 812 | .. versionchanged:: 3.3 |
Georg Brandl | 61063cc | 2012-06-24 22:48:30 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 813 | :attr:`__loader__` and :attr:`__package__` are automatically set |
| 814 | (when possible). |
Brett Cannon | 57b46f5 | 2009-03-02 14:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 815 | |
Georg Brandl | 8a1caa2 | 2010-07-29 16:01:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 816 | .. decorator:: set_loader |
Brett Cannon | 2cf03a8 | 2009-03-10 05:17:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 817 | |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 818 | A :term:`decorator` for a :term:`loader` method, |
| 819 | to set the :attr:`__loader__` |
Brett Cannon | 2cf03a8 | 2009-03-10 05:17:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 820 | attribute on loaded modules. If the attribute is already set the decorator |
| 821 | does nothing. It is assumed that the first positional argument to the |
Brett Cannon | 75321e8 | 2012-03-02 11:58:25 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 822 | wrapped method (i.e. ``self``) is what :attr:`__loader__` should be set to. |
Brett Cannon | 2cf03a8 | 2009-03-10 05:17:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 823 | |
Brett Cannon | efad00d | 2012-04-27 17:27:14 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 824 | .. note:: |
| 825 | |
| 826 | It is recommended that :func:`module_for_loader` be used over this |
| 827 | decorator as it subsumes this functionality. |
| 828 | |
Brett Cannon | 4802bec | 2013-03-13 10:41:36 -0700 | [diff] [blame] | 829 | .. versionchanged:: 3.4 |
Brett Cannon | 4c14b5d | 2013-05-04 13:56:58 -0400 | [diff] [blame^] | 830 | Set ``__loader__`` if set to ``None``, as if the attribute does not |
Brett Cannon | 4802bec | 2013-03-13 10:41:36 -0700 | [diff] [blame] | 831 | exist. |
| 832 | |
Brett Cannon | efad00d | 2012-04-27 17:27:14 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 833 | |
Georg Brandl | 8a1caa2 | 2010-07-29 16:01:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 834 | .. decorator:: set_package |
Brett Cannon | 57b46f5 | 2009-03-02 14:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 835 | |
| 836 | A :term:`decorator` for a :term:`loader` to set the :attr:`__package__` |
| 837 | attribute on the module returned by the loader. If :attr:`__package__` is |
Georg Brandl | 375aec2 | 2011-01-15 17:03:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 838 | set and has a value other than ``None`` it will not be changed. |
Brett Cannon | 57b46f5 | 2009-03-02 14:38:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 839 | Note that the module returned by the loader is what has the attribute |
| 840 | set on and not the module found in :data:`sys.modules`. |
Guido van Rossum | 0961354 | 2009-03-30 20:34:57 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 841 | |
Brett Cannon | 16248a4 | 2009-04-01 20:47:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 842 | Reliance on this decorator is discouraged when it is possible to set |
Brett Cannon | 75321e8 | 2012-03-02 11:58:25 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 843 | :attr:`__package__` before importing. By |
| 844 | setting it beforehand the code for the module is executed with the |
| 845 | attribute set and thus can be used by global level code during |
Brett Cannon | 16248a4 | 2009-04-01 20:47:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 846 | initialization. |
| 847 | |
Brett Cannon | efad00d | 2012-04-27 17:27:14 -0400 | [diff] [blame] | 848 | .. note:: |
| 849 | |
| 850 | It is recommended that :func:`module_for_loader` be used over this |
| 851 | decorator as it subsumes this functionality. |