Lib/test/test_inspect.py

import re
import sys
import types
import unittest
import inspect
import linecache
import datetime
import collections
from os.path import normcase

from test.support import run_unittest

from test import inspect_fodder as mod
from test import inspect_fodder2 as mod2

# C module for test_findsource_binary
import unicodedata

# Functions tested in this suite:
# ismodule, isclass, ismethod, isfunction, istraceback, isframe, iscode,
# isbuiltin, isroutine, isgenerator, isgeneratorfunction, getmembers,
# getdoc, getfile, getmodule, getsourcefile, getcomments, getsource,
# getclasstree, getargspec, getargvalues, formatargspec, formatargvalues,
# currentframe, stack, trace, isdatadescriptor

# NOTE: There are some additional tests relating to interaction with
#       zipimport in the test_zipimport_support test module.

modfile = mod.__file__
if modfile.endswith(('c', 'o')):
    modfile = modfile[:-1]

# Normalize file names: on Windows, the case of file names of compiled
# modules depends on the path used to start the python executable.
modfile = normcase(modfile)

def revise(filename, *args):
    return (normcase(filename),) + args

import builtins

try:
    1/0
except:
    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]

git = mod.StupidGit()

class IsTestBase(unittest.TestCase):
    predicates = set([inspect.isbuiltin, inspect.isclass, inspect.iscode,
                      inspect.isframe, inspect.isfunction, inspect.ismethod,
                      inspect.ismodule, inspect.istraceback,
                      inspect.isgenerator, inspect.isgeneratorfunction])

    def istest(self, predicate, exp):
        obj = eval(exp)
        self.assertTrue(predicate(obj), '%s(%s)' % (predicate.__name__, exp))

        for other in self.predicates - set([predicate]):
            if predicate == inspect.isgeneratorfunction and\
               other == inspect.isfunction:
                continue
            self.assertFalse(other(obj), 'not %s(%s)' % (other.__name__, exp))

def generator_function_example(self):
    for i in range(2):
        yield i

class TestPredicates(IsTestBase):
    def test_sixteen(self):
        count = len([x for x in dir(inspect) if x.startswith('is')])
        # This test is here for remember you to update Doc/library/inspect.rst
        # which claims there are 16 such functions
        expected = 16
        err_msg = "There are %d (not %d) is* functions" % (count, expected)
        self.assertEqual(count, expected, err_msg)


    def test_excluding_predicates(self):
        self.istest(inspect.isbuiltin, 'sys.exit')
        self.istest(inspect.isbuiltin, '[].append')
        self.istest(inspect.iscode, 'mod.spam.__code__')
        self.istest(inspect.isframe, 'tb.tb_frame')
        self.istest(inspect.isfunction, 'mod.spam')
        self.istest(inspect.isfunction, 'mod.StupidGit.abuse')
        self.istest(inspect.ismethod, 'git.argue')
        self.istest(inspect.ismodule, 'mod')
        self.istest(inspect.istraceback, 'tb')
        self.istest(inspect.isdatadescriptor, 'collections.defaultdict.default_factory')
        self.istest(inspect.isgenerator, '(x for x in range(2))')
        self.istest(inspect.isgeneratorfunction, 'generator_function_example')
        if hasattr(types, 'GetSetDescriptorType'):
            self.istest(inspect.isgetsetdescriptor,
                        'type(tb.tb_frame).f_locals')
        else:
            self.assertFalse(inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(type(tb.tb_frame).f_locals))
        if hasattr(types, 'MemberDescriptorType'):
            self.istest(inspect.ismemberdescriptor, 'datetime.timedelta.days')
        else:
            self.assertFalse(inspect.ismemberdescriptor(datetime.timedelta.days))

    def test_isroutine(self):
        self.assertTrue(inspect.isroutine(mod.spam))
        self.assertTrue(inspect.isroutine([].count))

    def test_isclass(self):
        self.istest(inspect.isclass, 'mod.StupidGit')
        self.assertTrue(inspect.isclass(list))

        class CustomGetattr(object):
            def __getattr__(self, attr):
                return None
        self.assertFalse(inspect.isclass(CustomGetattr()))

    def test_get_slot_members(self):
        class C(object):
            __slots__ = ("a", "b")

        x = C()
        x.a = 42
        members = dict(inspect.getmembers(x))
        self.assertIn('a', members)
        self.assertNotIn('b', members)

    def test_isabstract(self):
        from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod

        class AbstractClassExample(metaclass=ABCMeta):

            @abstractmethod
            def foo(self):
                pass

        class ClassExample(AbstractClassExample):
            def foo(self):
                pass

        a = ClassExample()

        # Test general behaviour.
        self.assertTrue(inspect.isabstract(AbstractClassExample))
        self.assertFalse(inspect.isabstract(ClassExample))
        self.assertFalse(inspect.isabstract(a))
        self.assertFalse(inspect.isabstract(int))
        self.assertFalse(inspect.isabstract(5))


class TestInterpreterStack(IsTestBase):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        git.abuse(7, 8, 9)

    def test_abuse_done(self):
        self.istest(inspect.istraceback, 'git.ex[2]')
        self.istest(inspect.isframe, 'mod.fr')

    def test_stack(self):
        self.assertTrue(len(mod.st) >= 5)
        self.assertEqual(revise(*mod.st[0][1:]),
             (modfile, 16, 'eggs', ['    st = inspect.stack()\n'], 0))
        self.assertEqual(revise(*mod.st[1][1:]),
             (modfile, 9, 'spam', ['    eggs(b + d, c + f)\n'], 0))
        self.assertEqual(revise(*mod.st[2][1:]),
             (modfile, 43, 'argue', ['            spam(a, b, c)\n'], 0))
        self.assertEqual(revise(*mod.st[3][1:]),
             (modfile, 39, 'abuse', ['        self.argue(a, b, c)\n'], 0))

    def test_trace(self):
        self.assertEqual(len(git.tr), 3)
        self.assertEqual(revise(*git.tr[0][1:]),
             (modfile, 43, 'argue', ['            spam(a, b, c)\n'], 0))
        self.assertEqual(revise(*git.tr[1][1:]),
             (modfile, 9, 'spam', ['    eggs(b + d, c + f)\n'], 0))
        self.assertEqual(revise(*git.tr[2][1:]),
             (modfile, 18, 'eggs', ['    q = y / 0\n'], 0))

    def test_frame(self):
        args, varargs, varkw, locals = inspect.getargvalues(mod.fr)
        self.assertEqual(args, ['x', 'y'])
        self.assertEqual(varargs, None)
        self.assertEqual(varkw, None)
        self.assertEqual(locals, {'x': 11, 'p': 11, 'y': 14})
        self.assertEqual(inspect.formatargvalues(args, varargs, varkw, locals),
                         '(x=11, y=14)')

    def test_previous_frame(self):
        args, varargs, varkw, locals = inspect.getargvalues(mod.fr.f_back)
        self.assertEqual(args, ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'])
        self.assertEqual(varargs, 'g')
        self.assertEqual(varkw, 'h')
        self.assertEqual(inspect.formatargvalues(args, varargs, varkw, locals),
             '(a=7, b=8, c=9, d=3, e=4, f=5, *g=(), **h={})')

class GetSourceBase(unittest.TestCase):
    # Subclasses must override.
    fodderFile = None

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        with open(inspect.getsourcefile(self.fodderFile)) as fp:
            self.source = fp.read()

    def sourcerange(self, top, bottom):
        lines = self.source.split("\n")
        return "\n".join(lines[top-1:bottom]) + "\n"

    def assertSourceEqual(self, obj, top, bottom):
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getsource(obj),
                         self.sourcerange(top, bottom))

class TestRetrievingSourceCode(GetSourceBase):
    fodderFile = mod

    def test_getclasses(self):
        classes = inspect.getmembers(mod, inspect.isclass)
        self.assertEqual(classes,
                         [('FesteringGob', mod.FesteringGob),
                          ('MalodorousPervert', mod.MalodorousPervert),
                          ('ParrotDroppings', mod.ParrotDroppings),
                          ('StupidGit', mod.StupidGit)])
        tree = inspect.getclasstree([cls[1] for cls in classes], 1)
        self.assertEqual(tree,
                         [(object, ()),
                          [(mod.ParrotDroppings, (object,)),
                           (mod.StupidGit, (object,)),
                           [(mod.MalodorousPervert, (mod.StupidGit,)),
                            [(mod.FesteringGob, (mod.MalodorousPervert,
                                                    mod.ParrotDroppings))
                             ]
                            ]
                           ]
                          ])

    def test_getfunctions(self):
        functions = inspect.getmembers(mod, inspect.isfunction)
        self.assertEqual(functions, [('eggs', mod.eggs),
                                     ('spam', mod.spam)])

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
    def test_getdoc(self):
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getdoc(mod), 'A module docstring.')
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getdoc(mod.StupidGit),
                         'A longer,\n\nindented\n\ndocstring.')
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getdoc(git.abuse),
                         'Another\n\ndocstring\n\ncontaining\n\ntabs')

    def test_cleandoc(self):
        self.assertEqual(inspect.cleandoc('An\n    indented\n    docstring.'),
                         'An\nindented\ndocstring.')

    def test_getcomments(self):
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getcomments(mod), '# line 1\n')
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getcomments(mod.StupidGit), '# line 20\n')

    def test_getmodule(self):
        # Check actual module
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmodule(mod), mod)
        # Check class (uses __module__ attribute)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmodule(mod.StupidGit), mod)
        # Check a method (no __module__ attribute, falls back to filename)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmodule(mod.StupidGit.abuse), mod)
        # Do it again (check the caching isn't broken)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmodule(mod.StupidGit.abuse), mod)
        # Check a builtin
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmodule(str), sys.modules["builtins"])
        # Check filename override
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getmodule(None, modfile), mod)

    def test_getsource(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(git.abuse, 29, 39)
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod.StupidGit, 21, 46)

    def test_getsourcefile(self):
        self.assertEqual(normcase(inspect.getsourcefile(mod.spam)), modfile)
        self.assertEqual(normcase(inspect.getsourcefile(git.abuse)), modfile)
        fn = "_non_existing_filename_used_for_sourcefile_test.py"
        co = compile("None", fn, "exec")
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getsourcefile(co), None)
        linecache.cache[co.co_filename] = (1, None, "None", co.co_filename)
        self.assertEqual(normcase(inspect.getsourcefile(co)), fn)

    def test_getfile(self):
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getfile(mod.StupidGit), mod.__file__)

    def test_getmodule_recursion(self):
        from types import ModuleType
        name = '__inspect_dummy'
        m = sys.modules[name] = ModuleType(name)
        m.__file__ = "<string>" # hopefully not a real filename...
        m.__loader__ = "dummy"  # pretend the filename is understood by a loader
        exec("def x(): pass", m.__dict__)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getsourcefile(m.x.__code__), '<string>')
        del sys.modules[name]
        inspect.getmodule(compile('a=10','','single'))

class TestDecorators(GetSourceBase):
    fodderFile = mod2

    def test_wrapped_decorator(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.wrapped, 14, 17)

    def test_replacing_decorator(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.gone, 9, 10)

class TestOneliners(GetSourceBase):
    fodderFile = mod2
    def test_oneline_lambda(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a one-line lambda function.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.oll, 25, 25)

    def test_threeline_lambda(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a three-line lambda function,
        # where the second and third lines are _not_ indented.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.tll, 28, 30)

    def test_twoline_indented_lambda(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a two-line lambda function,
        # where the second line _is_ indented.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.tlli, 33, 34)

    def test_onelinefunc(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a regular one-line function.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.onelinefunc, 37, 37)

    def test_manyargs(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a regular function where
        # the arguments are on two lines and _not_ indented and
        # the body on the second line with the last arguments.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.manyargs, 40, 41)

    def test_twolinefunc(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a regular function where
        # the body is on two lines, following the argument list and
        # continued on the next line by a \\.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.twolinefunc, 44, 45)

    def test_lambda_in_list(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a one-line lambda function
        # defined in a list, indented.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.a[1], 49, 49)

    def test_anonymous(self):
        # Test inspect.getsource with a lambda function defined
        # as argument to another function.
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.anonymous, 55, 55)

class TestBuggyCases(GetSourceBase):
    fodderFile = mod2

    def test_with_comment(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.with_comment, 58, 59)

    def test_multiline_sig(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.multiline_sig[0], 63, 64)

    def test_nested_class(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.func69().func71, 71, 72)

    def test_one_liner_followed_by_non_name(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.func77, 77, 77)

    def test_one_liner_dedent_non_name(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.cls82.func83, 83, 83)

    def test_with_comment_instead_of_docstring(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.func88, 88, 90)

    def test_method_in_dynamic_class(self):
        self.assertSourceEqual(mod2.method_in_dynamic_class, 95, 97)

    @unittest.skipIf(
        not hasattr(unicodedata, '__file__') or
            unicodedata.__file__[-4:] in (".pyc", ".pyo"),
        "unicodedata is not an external binary module")
    def test_findsource_binary(self):
        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.getsource, unicodedata)
        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.findsource, unicodedata)

    def test_findsource_code_in_linecache(self):
        lines = ["x=1"]
        co = compile(lines[0], "_dynamically_created_file", "exec")
        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.findsource, co)
        self.assertRaises(IOError, inspect.getsource, co)
        linecache.cache[co.co_filename] = (1, None, lines, co.co_filename)
        self.assertEquals(inspect.findsource(co), (lines,0))
        self.assertEquals(inspect.getsource(co), lines[0])

# Helper for testing classify_class_attrs.
def attrs_wo_objs(cls):
    return [t[:3] for t in inspect.classify_class_attrs(cls)]

class TestClassesAndFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_newstyle_mro(self):
        # The same w/ new-class MRO.
        class A(object):    pass
        class B(A): pass
        class C(A): pass
        class D(B, C): pass

        expected = (D, B, C, A, object)
        got = inspect.getmro(D)
        self.assertEqual(expected, got)

    def assertArgSpecEquals(self, routine, args_e, varargs_e=None,
                            varkw_e=None, defaults_e=None, formatted=None):
        args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(routine)
        self.assertEqual(args, args_e)
        self.assertEqual(varargs, varargs_e)
        self.assertEqual(varkw, varkw_e)
        self.assertEqual(defaults, defaults_e)
        if formatted is not None:
            self.assertEqual(inspect.formatargspec(args, varargs, varkw, defaults),
                             formatted)

    def assertFullArgSpecEquals(self, routine, args_e, varargs_e=None,
                                    varkw_e=None, defaults_e=None,
                                    kwonlyargs_e=[], kwonlydefaults_e=None,
                                    ann_e={}, formatted=None):
        args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs, kwonlydefaults, ann = \
            inspect.getfullargspec(routine)
        self.assertEqual(args, args_e)
        self.assertEqual(varargs, varargs_e)
        self.assertEqual(varkw, varkw_e)
        self.assertEqual(defaults, defaults_e)
        self.assertEqual(kwonlyargs, kwonlyargs_e)
        self.assertEqual(kwonlydefaults, kwonlydefaults_e)
        self.assertEqual(ann, ann_e)
        if formatted is not None:
            self.assertEqual(inspect.formatargspec(args, varargs, varkw, defaults,
                                                    kwonlyargs, kwonlydefaults, ann),
                             formatted)

    def test_getargspec(self):
        self.assertArgSpecEquals(mod.eggs, ['x', 'y'], formatted='(x, y)')

        self.assertArgSpecEquals(mod.spam,
                                 ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'],
                                 'g', 'h', (3, 4, 5),
                                 '(a, b, c, d=3, e=4, f=5, *g, **h)')

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.assertArgSpecEquals,
                          mod2.keyworded, [])

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.assertArgSpecEquals,
                          mod2.annotated, [])
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.assertArgSpecEquals,
                          mod2.keyword_only_arg, [])


    def test_getfullargspec(self):
        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(mod2.keyworded, [], varargs_e='arg1',
                                     kwonlyargs_e=['arg2'],
                                     kwonlydefaults_e={'arg2':1},
                                     formatted='(*arg1, arg2=1)')

        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(mod2.annotated, ['arg1'],
                                     ann_e={'arg1' : list},
                                     formatted='(arg1: list)')
        self.assertFullArgSpecEquals(mod2.keyword_only_arg, [],
                                     kwonlyargs_e=['arg'],
                                     formatted='(*, arg)')


    def test_getargspec_method(self):
        class A(object):
            def m(self):
                pass
        self.assertArgSpecEquals(A.m, ['self'])

    def test_classify_newstyle(self):
        class A(object):

            def s(): pass
            s = staticmethod(s)

            def c(cls): pass
            c = classmethod(c)

            def getp(self): pass
            p = property(getp)

            def m(self): pass

            def m1(self): pass

            datablob = '1'

        attrs = attrs_wo_objs(A)
        self.assertIn(('s', 'static method', A), attrs, 'missing static method')
        self.assertIn(('c', 'class method', A), attrs, 'missing class method')
        self.assertIn(('p', 'property', A), attrs, 'missing property')
        self.assertIn(('m', 'method', A), attrs,
                      'missing plain method: %r' % attrs)
        self.assertIn(('m1', 'method', A), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('datablob', 'data', A), attrs, 'missing data')

        class B(A):

            def m(self): pass

        attrs = attrs_wo_objs(B)
        self.assertIn(('s', 'static method', A), attrs, 'missing static method')
        self.assertIn(('c', 'class method', A), attrs, 'missing class method')
        self.assertIn(('p', 'property', A), attrs, 'missing property')
        self.assertIn(('m', 'method', B), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('m1', 'method', A), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('datablob', 'data', A), attrs, 'missing data')


        class C(A):

            def m(self): pass
            def c(self): pass

        attrs = attrs_wo_objs(C)
        self.assertIn(('s', 'static method', A), attrs, 'missing static method')
        self.assertIn(('c', 'method', C), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('p', 'property', A), attrs, 'missing property')
        self.assertIn(('m', 'method', C), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('m1', 'method', A), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('datablob', 'data', A), attrs, 'missing data')

        class D(B, C):

            def m1(self): pass

        attrs = attrs_wo_objs(D)
        self.assertIn(('s', 'static method', A), attrs, 'missing static method')
        self.assertIn(('c', 'method', C), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('p', 'property', A), attrs, 'missing property')
        self.assertIn(('m', 'method', B), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('m1', 'method', D), attrs, 'missing plain method')
        self.assertIn(('datablob', 'data', A), attrs, 'missing data')

class TestGetcallargsFunctions(unittest.TestCase):

    def assertEqualCallArgs(self, func, call_params_string, locs=None):
        locs = dict(locs or {}, func=func)
        r1 = eval('func(%s)' % call_params_string, None, locs)
        r2 = eval('inspect.getcallargs(func, %s)' % call_params_string, None,
                  locs)
        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)

    def assertEqualException(self, func, call_param_string, locs=None):
        locs = dict(locs or {}, func=func)
        try:
            eval('func(%s)' % call_param_string, None, locs)
        except Exception as e:
            ex1 = e
        else:
            self.fail('Exception not raised')
        try:
            eval('inspect.getcallargs(func, %s)' % call_param_string, None,
                 locs)
        except Exception as e:
            ex2 = e
        else:
            self.fail('Exception not raised')
        self.assertIs(type(ex1), type(ex2))
        self.assertEqual(str(ex1), str(ex2))
        del ex1, ex2

    def makeCallable(self, signature):
        """Create a function that returns its locals()"""
        code = "lambda %s: locals()"
        return eval(code % signature)

    def test_plain(self):
        f = self.makeCallable('a, b=1')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, 3')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'a=2')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'b=3, a=2')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, b=3')
        # expand *iterable / **mapping
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '*(2,)')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '*[2]')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '*(2, 3)')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '*[2, 3]')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '**{"a":2}')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'b=3, **{"a":2}')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, **{"b":3}')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '**{"b":3, "a":2}')
        # expand UserList / UserDict
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '*collections.UserList([2])')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '*collections.UserList([2, 3])')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '**collections.UserDict(a=2)')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, **collections.UserDict(b=3)')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'b=2, **collections.UserDict(a=3)')

    def test_varargs(self):
        f = self.makeCallable('a, b=1, *c')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, 3')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, 3, 4')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '*(2,3,4)')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, *[3,4]')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, 3, *collections.UserList([4])')

    def test_varkw(self):
        f = self.makeCallable('a, b=1, **c')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'a=2')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, b=3, c=4')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'b=3, a=2, c=4')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'c=4, **{"a":2, "b":3}')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, c=4, **{"b":3}')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'b=2, **{"a":3, "c":4}')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '**collections.UserDict(a=2, b=3, c=4)')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, c=4, **collections.UserDict(b=3)')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'b=2, **collections.UserDict(a=3, c=4)')

    def test_keyword_only(self):
        f = self.makeCallable('a=3, *, c, d=2')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'c=3')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'c=3, a=3')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'a=2, c=4')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '4, c=4')
        self.assertEqualException(f, '')
        self.assertEqualException(f, '3')
        self.assertEqualException(f, 'a=3')
        self.assertEqualException(f, 'd=4')

    def test_multiple_features(self):
        f = self.makeCallable('a, b=2, *f, **g')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, 3, 7')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, 3, x=8')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, 3, x=8, *[(4,[5,6]), 7]')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, x=8, *[3, (4,[5,6]), 7], y=9')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'x=8, *[2, 3, (4,[5,6])], y=9')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, 'x=8, *collections.UserList('
                                 '[2, 3, (4,[5,6])]), **{"y":9, "z":10}')
        self.assertEqualCallArgs(f, '2, x=8, *collections.UserList([3, '
                                 '(4,[5,6])]), **collections.UserDict('
                                 'y=9, z=10)')

    def test_errors(self):
        f0 = self.makeCallable('')
        f1 = self.makeCallable('a, b')
        f2 = self.makeCallable('a, b=1')
        # f0 takes no arguments
        self.assertEqualException(f0, '1')
        self.assertEqualException(f0, 'x=1')
        self.assertEqualException(f0, '1,x=1')
        # f1 takes exactly 2 arguments
        self.assertEqualException(f1, '')
        self.assertEqualException(f1, '1')
        self.assertEqualException(f1, 'a=2')
        self.assertEqualException(f1, 'b=3')
        # f2 takes at least 1 argument
        self.assertEqualException(f2, '')
        self.assertEqualException(f2, 'b=3')
        for f in f1, f2:
            # f1/f2 takes exactly/at most 2 arguments
            self.assertEqualException(f, '2, 3, 4')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '1, 2, 3, a=1')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '2, 3, 4, c=5')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '2, 3, 4, a=1, c=5')
            # f got an unexpected keyword argument
            self.assertEqualException(f, 'c=2')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '2, c=3')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '2, 3, c=4')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '2, c=4, b=3')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '**{u"\u03c0\u03b9": 4}')
            # f got multiple values for keyword argument
            self.assertEqualException(f, '1, a=2')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '1, **{"a":2}')
            self.assertEqualException(f, '1, 2, b=3')
            # XXX: Python inconsistency
            # - for functions and bound methods: unexpected keyword 'c'
            # - for unbound methods: multiple values for keyword 'a'
            #self.assertEqualException(f, '1, c=3, a=2')

class TestGetcallargsMethods(TestGetcallargsFunctions):

    def setUp(self):
        class Foo(object):
            pass
        self.cls = Foo
        self.inst = Foo()

    def makeCallable(self, signature):
        assert 'self' not in signature
        mk = super(TestGetcallargsMethods, self).makeCallable
        self.cls.method = mk('self, ' + signature)
        return self.inst.method

class TestGetcallargsUnboundMethods(TestGetcallargsMethods):

    def makeCallable(self, signature):
        super(TestGetcallargsUnboundMethods, self).makeCallable(signature)
        return self.cls.method

    def assertEqualCallArgs(self, func, call_params_string, locs=None):
        return super(TestGetcallargsUnboundMethods, self).assertEqualCallArgs(
            *self._getAssertEqualParams(func, call_params_string, locs))

    def assertEqualException(self, func, call_params_string, locs=None):
        return super(TestGetcallargsUnboundMethods, self).assertEqualException(
            *self._getAssertEqualParams(func, call_params_string, locs))

    def _getAssertEqualParams(self, func, call_params_string, locs=None):
        assert 'inst' not in call_params_string
        locs = dict(locs or {}, inst=self.inst)
        return (func, 'inst,' + call_params_string, locs)


class TestGetattrStatic(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_basic(self):
        class Thing(object):
            x = object()

        thing = Thing()
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x'), Thing.x)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x', None), Thing.x)
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'y')

        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'y', 3), 3)

    def test_inherited(self):
        class Thing(object):
            x = object()
        class OtherThing(Thing):
            pass

        something = OtherThing()
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(something, 'x'), Thing.x)

    def test_instance_attr(self):
        class Thing(object):
            x = 2
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x
        thing = Thing(3)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x'), 3)
        del thing.x
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x'), 2)

    def test_property(self):
        class Thing(object):
            @property
            def x(self):
                raise AttributeError("I'm pretending not to exist")
        thing = Thing()
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x'), Thing.x)

    def test_descriptor(self):
        class descriptor(object):
            def __get__(*_):
                raise AttributeError("I'm pretending not to exist")
        desc = descriptor()
        class Thing(object):
            x = desc
        thing = Thing()
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x'), desc)

    def test_classAttribute(self):
        class Thing(object):
            x = object()

        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Thing, 'x'), Thing.x)

    def test_inherited_classattribute(self):
        class Thing(object):
            x = object()
        class OtherThing(Thing):
            pass

        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(OtherThing, 'x'), Thing.x)

    def test_slots(self):
        class Thing(object):
            y = 'bar'
            __slots__ = ['x']
            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 'foo'
        thing = Thing()
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x'), Thing.x)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'y'), 'bar')

        del thing.x
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(thing, 'x'), Thing.x)

    def test_metaclass(self):
        class meta(type):
            attr = 'foo'
        class Thing(object, metaclass=meta):
            pass
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Thing, 'attr'), 'foo')

        class sub(meta):
            pass
        class OtherThing(object, metaclass=sub):
            x = 3
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(OtherThing, 'attr'), 'foo')

        class OtherOtherThing(OtherThing):
            pass
        # this test is odd, but it was added as it exposed a bug
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(OtherOtherThing, 'x'), 3)

    def test_no_dict_no_slots(self):
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(1, 'foo', None), None)
        self.assertNotEqual(inspect.getattr_static('foo', 'lower'), None)

    def test_no_dict_no_slots_instance_member(self):
        # returns descriptor
        with open(__file__) as handle:
            self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(handle, 'name'), type(handle).name)

    def test_inherited_slots(self):
        # returns descriptor
        class Thing(object):
            __slots__ = ['x']
            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 'foo'

        class OtherThing(Thing):
            pass
        # it would be nice if this worked...
        # we get the descriptor instead of the instance attribute
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(OtherThing(), 'x'), Thing.x)

    def test_descriptor(self):
        class descriptor(object):
            def __get__(self, instance, owner):
                return 3
        class Foo(object):
            d = descriptor()

        foo = Foo()

        # for a non data descriptor we return the instance attribute
        foo.__dict__['d'] = 1
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(foo, 'd'), 1)

        # if the descriptor is a data-desciptor we should return the
        # descriptor
        descriptor.__set__ = lambda s, i, v: None
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(foo, 'd'), Foo.__dict__['d'])


    def test_metaclass_with_descriptor(self):
        class descriptor(object):
            def __get__(self, instance, owner):
                return 3
        class meta(type):
            d = descriptor()
        class Thing(object, metaclass=meta):
            pass
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Thing, 'd'), meta.__dict__['d'])


    def test_class_as_property(self):
        class Base(object):
            foo = 3

        class Something(Base):
            executed = False
            @property
            def __class__(self):
                self.executed = True
                return object

        instance = Something()
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(instance, 'foo'), 3)
        self.assertFalse(instance.executed)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Something, 'foo'), 3)

    def test_mro_as_property(self):
        class Meta(type):
            @property
            def __mro__(self):
                return (object,)

        class Base(object):
            foo = 3

        class Something(Base, metaclass=Meta):
            pass

        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Something(), 'foo'), 3)
        self.assertEqual(inspect.getattr_static(Something, 'foo'), 3)


def test_main():
    run_unittest(
        TestDecorators, TestRetrievingSourceCode, TestOneliners, TestBuggyCases,
        TestInterpreterStack, TestClassesAndFunctions, TestPredicates,
        TestGetcallargsFunctions, TestGetcallargsMethods,
        TestGetcallargsUnboundMethods, TestGetattrStatic
    )

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_main()