Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | % Contributed by Skip Montanaro, from the module's doc strings. |
| 2 | |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | \section{Built-in Module \sectcode{operator}} |
Fred Drake | 57b5e42 | 1998-02-17 22:30:13 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | \label{module-operator} |
Fred Drake | 3aa2895 | 1997-12-16 00:02:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 5 | \bimodindex{operator} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 6 | |
| 7 | The \code{operator} module exports a set of functions implemented in C |
| 8 | corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. For example, |
Fred Drake | f3e6df1 | 1997-12-29 17:11:55 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 9 | \code{operator.add(x, y)} is equivalent to the expression \code{x+y}. The |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 10 | function names are those used for special class methods; variants without |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | leading and trailing \samp{__} are also provided for convenience. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 12 | |
| 13 | The \code{operator} module defines the following functions: |
| 14 | |
Fred Drake | 1947991 | 1998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 15 | \setindexsubitem{(in module operator)} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 17 | \begin{funcdesc}{add}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 18 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 19 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 20 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 21 | \begin{funcdesc}{__add__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 22 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 23 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 24 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | \begin{funcdesc}{sub}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 26 | Return \var{a} \code{-} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 27 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 28 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 29 | \begin{funcdesc}{__sub__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 30 | Return \var{a} \code{-} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 31 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 32 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 33 | \begin{funcdesc}{mul}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 34 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 35 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 36 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 37 | \begin{funcdesc}{__mul__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 38 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 39 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 40 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 41 | \begin{funcdesc}{div}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 42 | Return \var{a} \code{/} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 43 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 44 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 45 | \begin{funcdesc}{__div__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 46 | Return \var{a} \code{/} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 47 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 48 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 49 | \begin{funcdesc}{mod}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 50 | Return \var{a} \code{\%} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 51 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 52 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 53 | \begin{funcdesc}{__mod__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 54 | Return \var{a} \code{\%} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 55 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 56 | |
| 57 | \begin{funcdesc}{neg}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 58 | Return \var{o} negated. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 59 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 60 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 61 | \begin{funcdesc}{__neg__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 62 | Return \var{o} negated. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 63 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 64 | |
| 65 | \begin{funcdesc}{pos}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 66 | Return \var{o} positive. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 67 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 68 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 69 | \begin{funcdesc}{__pos__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 70 | Return \var{o} positive. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 71 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 72 | |
| 73 | \begin{funcdesc}{abs}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 74 | Return the absolute value of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 75 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 76 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 77 | \begin{funcdesc}{__abs__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 78 | Return the absolute value of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 79 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 80 | |
| 81 | \begin{funcdesc}{inv}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 82 | Return the inverse of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 83 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 84 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 85 | \begin{funcdesc}{__inv__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 86 | Return the inverse of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 87 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 88 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | \begin{funcdesc}{lshift}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | Return \var{a} shifted left by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 91 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 92 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | \begin{funcdesc}{__lshift__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | Return \var{a} shifted left by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 95 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 96 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 97 | \begin{funcdesc}{rshift}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 98 | Return \var{a} shifted right by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 99 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 100 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 101 | \begin{funcdesc}{__rshift__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 102 | Return \var{a} shifted right by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 103 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 104 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | \begin{funcdesc}{and_}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 106 | Return the bitwise and of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 107 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 108 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 109 | \begin{funcdesc}{__and__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 110 | Return the bitwise and of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 111 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 112 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 113 | \begin{funcdesc}{or_}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 114 | Return the bitwise or of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 115 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 116 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 117 | \begin{funcdesc}{__or__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 118 | Return the bitwise or of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 119 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 120 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 121 | \begin{funcdesc}{concat}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 122 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b} for \var{a} and \var{b} sequences. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 123 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 124 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | \begin{funcdesc}{__concat__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 126 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b} for \var{a} and \var{b} sequences. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 127 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 128 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 129 | \begin{funcdesc}{repeat}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 130 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b} where \var{a} is a sequence and |
| 131 | \var{b} is an integer. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 132 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 133 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 134 | \begin{funcdesc}{__repeat__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 135 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b} where \var{a} is a sequence and |
| 136 | \var{b} is an integer. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 137 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 138 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 139 | \begin{funcdesc}{getitem}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | Return the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 141 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 142 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 143 | \begin{funcdesc}{__getitem__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 144 | Return the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 145 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 146 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 147 | \begin{funcdesc}{setitem}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 148 | Set the value of \var{a} at index \var{b} to \var{c}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 150 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 151 | \begin{funcdesc}{__setitem__}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 152 | Set the value of \var{a} at index \var{b} to \var{c}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 153 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 154 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | \begin{funcdesc}{delitem}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 156 | Remove the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 157 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 158 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 159 | \begin{funcdesc}{__delitem__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 160 | Remove the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 161 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 162 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 163 | \begin{funcdesc}{getslice}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 164 | Return the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 165 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 166 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 167 | \begin{funcdesc}{__getslice__}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 168 | Return the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 169 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 170 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 171 | \begin{funcdesc}{setslice}{a, b, c, v} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 172 | Set the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1} to the |
| 173 | sequence \var{v}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 174 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 175 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 176 | \begin{funcdesc}{__setslice__}{a, b, c, v} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 177 | Set the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1} to the |
| 178 | sequence \var{v}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 179 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 180 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 181 | \begin{funcdesc}{delslice}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 182 | Delete the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 183 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 184 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 185 | \begin{funcdesc}{__delslice__}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 186 | Delete the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 187 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 188 | |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 189 | Example: Build a dictionary that maps the ordinals from \code{0} to |
| 190 | \code{256} to their character equivalents. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | |
Fred Drake | 1947991 | 1998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | \begin{verbatim} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 193 | >>> import operator |
| 194 | >>> d = {} |
| 195 | >>> keys = range(256) |
| 196 | >>> vals = map(chr, keys) |
| 197 | >>> map(operator.setitem, [d]*len(keys), keys, vals) |
Fred Drake | 1947991 | 1998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 198 | \end{verbatim} |